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Liu Z, Wang H, Lin S, Guo J, Shi YP, Gao Q, Zhou H. First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Leaf Spot on Smilax glabra Roxb in China. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38386302 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1933-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb is a medicinal plant distributed in 17 countries and used in the production of food and tea (Wu et al. 2022). In May 2021, a leaf spot disease was observed on ~60% of S. glabra plants in a field (∼0.4 ha) in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Province. Initially, small, circular, brown spots appeared on the leaf surfaces, which then gradually expanded into large, sunken, dark brown necrotic areas. As disease progressed, lesions merged into large spots, eventually leading to defoliation. To determine the causal agent, six symptomatic plants were collected from the field. Small pieces (∼5 mm2) were cut from the infected leaves (n = 12), sterilized for two min in 1% NaOCl, and rinsed three times in sterile water. Then, the leaf tissues were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with chloramphenicol (0.1 g/liter) and incubated for 3 days at 28°C (12-h photoperiod). Pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips from recently germinated spores or colony edges onto PDA. Among the 17 isolates, 15 exhibited similar morphologies. Two single-spore isolates (TFL45.1 and TFL46.2) were subjected to further morphological and molecular characterization. Colonies on PDA were grayish green with a white outer ring and cottony surface, and pale blackish green on the reverse side. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, straight, and cylindrical, with rounded ends, and 11.4 to 16.5 μm × 4.1 to 6.1 μm (average 13.9 × 4.8 μm, n = 100). Appressoria were brown to dark brown, with a smooth edge and different shapes such as ovoid, elliptical or irregular, and 6.8 to 8.9 μm × 5.9 to 7.8 μm (average 7.7 × 6.6 μm, n = 25). For molecular identification, eight target gene sequences, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPHD), calmodulin (CAL), partial actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glutamine synthetase (GS), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and β-tubulin (TUB) were selected for PCR amplification (Weir et al. 2012). The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank (OR399160-61 and OR432537-50). BLASTn analysis of the obtained sequences showed 99-100% identity with those of the ex-type strain C. fructicola ICMP:18581 (JX010165, JX010033, FJ917508, FJ907426, JX009866, JX010095, JX010327, JX010405) (Weir et al. 2012). In addition, a phylogenetic analysis confirmed the isolates as C. fructicola. Therefore, based on morphological and molecular characteristics (Park et al. 2018; Weir et al. 2012), the isolates were identified as C. fructicola. To verify pathogenicity, three healthy leaves on each of six two-year-old S. glabra plants were inoculated with ∼5 mm2 mycelial discs or aliquots of 10 μl suspension (106 conidia/ml) of the strain TFL46.2, and six control plants were inoculated with sterile PDA discs or sterile water. All plants were enclosed in plastic bags and incubated in a greenhouse at 25°C (12-h photoperiod). Six days post-inoculation, leaf spot symptoms appeared on the inoculated leaves. No symptoms were detected in the controls. Experiments were replicated three times with similar results. To fulfill Koch's postulates, C. fructicola was consistently re-isolated from symptomatic tissue and confirmed by morphology and sequencing of the eight genes, whereas no fungus was isolated from the control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola causing leaf spot disease on S. glabra. Further studies will be needed to develop strategies against this disease based on the identification of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liu
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Hanyi Wang
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Siyu Lin
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Yun Ping Shi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China;
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
| | - Hao Zhou
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Minzu University, 47874, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Marine Resources, Nanning, Guangxi, China;
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Shi W, Wu Z, Wu J, Jia M, Yang C, Feng J, Lou Y, Fan G. A comprehensive quality control evaluation for standard decoction of Smilax glabra Roxb based on HPLC-MS-UV/CAD methods combined with chemometrics analysis and network pharmacology. Food Chem 2023; 410:135371. [PMID: 36608559 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An effective, sensitive, and rapid method was developed for the quality control evaluation of the standard decoction of Smilax glabra Roxb (SGR). SGR is a primary ingredient of the traditional functional foods of turtle jelly and SGR tea. Chemometrics, Network Pharmacology, and molecular docking were used to screen for six quality markers. Multiple extraction parameters were optimized. HPLC-UV/CAD-QAMS was used to rapidly quantify the six quality markers (neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, quercitrin, and isoengeletin) in 10 batches of the standard decoction of SGR samples. The relative correction factor (RCF) values of the five compounds were close to 1, demonstrating that the charged aerosol detection (CAD) showed a consistent response to compounds with similar parent nucleus structures. This method can serve as a guide for rapid quantitative analysis of the multi-components of the SGR standard decoction and all the traditional functional foods of turtle jelly with the homology of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Mengqi Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui 230012, PR China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, PR China.
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, PR China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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Wu H, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li YL, Ren ZX, Huang JJ, Zhang ZQ, Lin ZJ, Zhang XM. Smilax glabra Roxb.: A Review of Its Traditional Usages, Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties, and Clinical Applications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3621-3643. [PMID: 36277602 PMCID: PMC9579009 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s374439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGB) is a medicinal plant widely distributed in 17 countries worldwide. It is the primary raw material of the world-famous and best-selling functional food and beneficial tea. SGB was first recorded in Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589 AD) and was reported for nutritional and medicinal properties for thousands of years. This review searched PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases for relevant literature on SGB species until April 2022. It aims to provide more integrated thinking, detailed awareness, and better knowledge of SGB. More than 200 chemical components have been discovered, including flavonoids, phenolic, phenolic acids, stilbenes, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, and others. Previous studies have demonstrated that SGB and its active ingredients show a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-infective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection, etc. However, many studies on the biological activity of this plant were mainly based on crude extracts and active ingredients, and there is a lack of clinical studies and toxicity studies to support the development of drug design, development, and therapy. In summary, this review will provide specific and valuable suggestions and guidelines for further research and application of this plant in the medicinal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Bing Zhang, Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, South Yang-Guang Road, Fang-shan District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yao-lei Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-xin Ren
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-jian Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-qi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-jian Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Hu X, Qi C, Feng F, Wang Y, Di T, Meng Y, Wang Y, Zhao N, Zhang X, Li P, Zhao J. Combining network pharmacology, RNA-seq, and metabolomics strategies to reveal the mechanism of Cimicifugae Rhizoma - Smilax glabra Roxb herb pair for the treatment of psoriasis. Phytomedicine 2022; 105:154384. [PMID: 35963195 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by immune cell infiltration and keratinocyte abnormal proliferation. Cimicifugae Rhizoma - Smilax glabra Roxb (CS) herb pair, the main component of Shengma Detoxification Decoction, has been proven effective for the treatment of psoriasis. However, the mechanism is yet to be deciphered. PURPOSE To explore the mechanism of CS for the treatment of psoriasis. METHODS The imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesion mouse model was used to identify the targets and the molecular mechanisms of CS. Network pharmacology combined with RNA-seq strategy was employed to predict the targets and mechanisms of CS for psoriasis. Metabolomics approaches were used to demonstrate the complexity of CS for the treatment of psoriasis. Finally, a compound-response-enzyme-gene network was constructed based on the multi-omics results to elucidate potential connections. RESULTS The CS herb pair could significantly improve psoriatic lesions and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of keratinocytes in skin lesions. Network pharmacology predicted that TNF, JNK, IL-6, and IL-1β could be potential targets. RNA-seq data revealed that CS could significantly regulate genes and signaling pathways associated with Th17 responses, such as IL-36, IL-1β, CCl2, CXCL16, keratin 14, keratin 5, and antimicrobial peptides S100A8 and S100A9 well as MAPK, mTOR, and other signaling pathways. Further experimental data validated that CS treatment remarkably reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and factors, such as CCL2, CCL7, IL1F6, IL-17, IL-23, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2. This indicated that CS exerts its therapeutic effect by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, metabolomic analyses demonstrated that CS treatment improved seven metabolic pathways, these included phenylalanine, tyrosine, pyruvate metabolism, carnitine metabolism, etc. Four key metabolites (L-Arginine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Carnitine, O-Acetylcarnitine) and nine differential genes (CMA1, PCBD2, TPSAB1, TPSB2, etc.) were identified that affected amino acid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and other pathways contributing to the infiltration of Th17 cells in psoriatic lesions. CONCLUSION CS could alleviate IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis by reducing the expression of cytokines and chemokines mediated by the MAPK pathway, and improved amino acid and carnitine metabolism in vivo. Our study is the first to demonstrate the complex mechanism of CS for the treatment of psoriasis and provides a new paradigm to elucidate the pharmacological effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) drugs for psoriasis from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueQing Hu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Cong Qi
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Fang Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - TingTing Di
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - YuJiao Meng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - XiaWei Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 23rd Art Museum Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China.
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Long Y, Li Z, Huang C, Lu Z, Qiu K, He M, Fang Z, Ding B, Yuan X, Zhu W. Mechanism and Protective Effect of Smilax glabra Roxb on the Treatment of Heart Failure via Network Pharmacology Analysis and Vitro Verification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868680. [PMID: 35677443 PMCID: PMC9169610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb (SGR) has been widely applied alone or in combination with other Chinese herbs in heart failure (HF), but its mechanism and protective effect have not been investigated. We aimed to explore the mechanism and protective effect of SGR on the treatment of HF. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that SGR was involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, oxidation–reduction process, apoptotic process, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, MAPK cascade, etc. Its mechanism was mainly involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cardiac muscle contraction, etc. Subsequently, SGR was proved to improve cellular viability, restore cellular morphology, suppress cellular and mitochondrial ROS production, improve H2O2-induced lysosome inhibition, attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction, and protect mitochondrial respiratory and energy metabolism in H9c2 cells. SGR activated the p38MAPK pathway by decreasing the mRNA expression of AKT, PP2A, NF-KB, PP2A, RAC1, and CDC42 and increasing the mRNA expression of Jun, IKK, and Sirt1. SGR also decreased the protein expression of ERK1, ERK2, JNK, Bax, and Caspase3 and increased the protein expression of p38MAPK and Bcl-2. In addition, Istidina at the highest degree was identified in SGR via the UHPLCLTQ-Orbitrap-MSn method, and it was suggested as anti-heart failure agents by targeting SRC with molecular docking analysis. In conclusion, SGR has a protective effect on HF through cellular and mitochondrial protection via multi-compounds and multi-targets, and its mechanism is involved in activating the p38 MAPK pathway. Istidina may be possible anti-HF agents by targeting SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Long
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zunjiang Li
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Lu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuncheng Qiu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixing He
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Fang
- Department of Emergency, Panyu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banghan Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Nguyen PTM, Ngo QV, Nguyen MTH, Quach LT, Pyne SG. Hypoglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate extract from Smilax glabra Roxb in mice: Biochemical and histopathological studies. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 23:1558-1564. [PMID: 33489029 PMCID: PMC7811822 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.46658.10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This research was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract from the roots of Smilax glabra Roxb, which strongly exhibit inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase on in vivo type 2 diabetic model. Materials and Methods Column chromatography combined with crystallization was used to isolate the active fraction and compounds. Chemical structures of the compounds were determined based on the analysis of the spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI) and the α-amylase inhibitory activity (AAI) were determined quantitatively spectrophotometrically using p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside and soluble starch as substrates, respectively. The hypoglycemic activity was examined by evaluating its effects on glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance, and histopathology of the pancreatic islets and livers in diabetic induced mice administrated with nicotinamide-streptozotocin. Results The EtOAc extract and the bioactive compounds astilbin and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid in the extract were isolated and confirmed in structures, AGI, and AAI. The treatment at the doses of 500 and 1000 µg/kg of body weight reduced blood glucose levels down to the physiological level of the physical controls in the diabetic mice after two weeks (P<0.05). Moreover, the treatment improved insulin sensitivity. Histopathology analysis showed recovering effects in the size of the pancreatic islets and no damaging effects on the liver after treatment compared with the control group. Conclusion Our data suggest that the EtOAc extract possesses hypoglycemic activity and has an antidiabetic potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Van Ngo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Hong Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lien Thi Quach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Hua S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Dong L, Huang J, Lin D, Fu X. Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Smilax glabra: An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:261-297. [PMID: 29433390 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smilax glabra (SG) Roxb., a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used worldwide for its marked pharmacological activities for treating syphilitic poisoned sores, limb hypertonicity, morbid leucorrhea, eczema pruritus, strangury due to heat, carbuncle toxin, and many other human ailments. Approximately 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from SG Roxb., and the major components have been determined to be flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and steroids. Among these active compounds, the effects of astilbin, which is used as a quality control marker to determine the quality of SG Roxb., have been widely investigated. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, the primary active components of SG Roxb. possess various pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and cardiovascular system protective activities. However, an extensive study to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of SG Roxb. has not been conducted and is worth of our study. Improving the means of utilizing the effects of SG is crucial. The present paper reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of SG Roxb. and assesses its ethnopharmacological use in order to explore its therapeutic potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Hua
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- † School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- ¶ Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater 74078, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,§ Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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