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Gupta A, Juneja S, Babawale V, Rustam Majidovich N, Ndjeka N, Thi Mai Nguyen P, Nargiza Nusratovna P, Robert Omanito D, Tiara Pakasi T, Terleeva Y, Toktogonova A, Waheed Y, Myint Z, Yanlin Z, Sahu S. Global adoption of 6-month drug-resistant TB regimens: Projected uptake by 2026. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296448. [PMID: 38180980 PMCID: PMC10769048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO has issued a call to action urging countries to accelerate the rollout of new WHO-recommended shorter all-oral treatment regimens for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), which remains a public-health crisis. The all-oral, 6-month BPaL/M regimen comprises 3-4 drugs: pretomanid used in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid, with or without moxifloxacin. This regimen has been recommended by the WHO for use in DR-TB patients instead of ≥9-month (up to 24-month) regimens. This study aims to project this regimen's use, along with its components bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid, and other treatments for DR-TB globally through 2026. It is intended to guide global health stakeholders in planning and budgeting for DR-TB interventions. Projected usage could help estimate cost of the individual components of DR-TB regimens over time. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with national TB programme participants in key countries to gather intelligence on established plans and targets for use of various DR-TB treatment regimens from 2023 to 2026. These data informed development of projections for the global use of regimens and drugs. RESULTS Consistent global growth in the use of shorter regimens in DR-TB treatment was shown: BPaLM reaching 126,792 patients, BPaL reaching 43,716 patients, and the 9-11-month all-oral bedaquiline-based regimen reaching 13,119 patients by 2026. By 2026, the longer all-oral regimen is projected to be used by 19,262 patients, and individualised treatment regimens by 15,344 patients. CONCLUSION The study shows BPaL/M will be used in majority of DR-TB patients by 2024, reaching 78% by 2026. However, national efforts to scale-up, case-finding, monitoring, drug-susceptibility testing, and implementation of new treatments will be essential for ensuring they are accessible to all eligible patients in the coming years and goals for ending TB are met. There is an urgent need to engage communities in capacity building and demand generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Gupta
- TB Alliance, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Victor Babawale
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - David Robert Omanito
- Disease Prevention and Control Bureau, Philippine Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Yasir Waheed
- National TB Control Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaw Myint
- National TB Programme, Naypyidaw, Myanmar
| | - Zhao Yanlin
- National Center for TB Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of China, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Le DTT, Vu CM, Ly TTB, Nguyen NT, Nguyen PTM, Chu HH. Effect of Honokiol on culture time and survival of Alzheimer's disease iPSC-derived neurons. Bioimpacts 2023; 14:27652. [PMID: 38327632 PMCID: PMC10844589 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely used as disease models to test new therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the regenerative potential of stem cells can be improved with the use of biologically active compounds. Our study was designed to explore the effect of honokiol, a small polyphenol molecule extracted from Magnolia officinalis, on the survival and culture time of iPSC-derived neurons from a sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient. This study aimed to generate iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of an AD patient using episomal plasmids with a nucleofector system and differentiate them into neurons. These iPSC-derived neurons were used to investigate the effect of honokiol extracted from M. officinalis on their survival and long-term cultures. Methods IPSCs were generated from PBMCs of an AD patient by introducing Oct-3/4, Sox2, Klf4, L-Myc, and Lin28 using NucleofectorTM Technology. Differentiation of neurons derived from iPSCs was carried out using inducers and recognized by biomarkers. The viability of iPSC-derived neurons with the addition of honokiol extracted from the bark of M. officinalis was determined by the MTT analytical kit. Results IPSCs were generated by reprogramming AD patient-derived PBMCs and subsequently converted into neurons. The survival and growth of iPSC-derived neurons were significantly enhanced by adding honokiol in the experiment conditions. Conclusion AD iPSC-derived neurons had a high viability rate when cultured in the presence of honokiol. These results have shown that AD iPSC-derived neurons can be an excellent model for screening neurotrophic agents and improving the conditions for long-term cultures of human iPSC-derived neurons. Honokiol proves to be a potential candidate for cellular therapeutics against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Thuy Le
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Manh Vu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Bich Ly
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Trung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Hoang Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen TH, Hoang NH, Van Tran C, Nguyen PTM, Dang TD, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Senthil Kumar P, La DD. Green synthesis of a photocatalyst Ag/TiO 2 nanocomposite using Cleistocalyx operculatus leaf extract for degradation of organic dyes. Chemosphere 2022; 306:135474. [PMID: 35760139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis has emerged as a sustainable approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials in the last few decades. Leaf extracts have been considered low-cost and highly efficient reactants for the synthesis of nanoparticles. In this study, an aqueous extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus leaves was employed as a reductant to synthesize Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites. The morphology, structure, and interface interaction of the Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites were investigated by (i) X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystallinity, (ii) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphologies, (iii) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to determine the elemental composition and distribution, and (iv) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to understand the optical properties. The results showed that Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with particle sizes of 20-40 nm homogeneously covered the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The green-synthesized Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite also exhibited an excellent photodegradation ability for Rhodamine B with a removal percentage up to 91.4% after 180 min of photocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nhat Huy Hoang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chinh Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - P T M Nguyen
- Institute of Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trung-Dung Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - Duong Duc La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Nguyen MTH, Tran CV, Nguyen PH, Tran QD, Kim MS, Jung WK, Nguyen PTM. In vitro osteogenic activities of sulfated derivative of polysaccharide extracted from Tamarindus indica L. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1213-1224. [PMID: 34342947 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, one of the most serious public health concerns caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, has a major impact on the population. Therefore, finding the effective osteogenic compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis is a promising research approach. In our study, tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed polysaccharide (TSP) extracted from tamarind seed was subjected to synthesize its sulfate derivatives. The 1H NMR, FT-IR, SEM, monosaccharide compositions and elemental analysis data revealed that tamarind seed polysaccharide sulfate (TSPS) was successfully prepared. As the result, TSPS showed potent effects on inducing osteoblast differentiation via increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity up to 20% after 10 days and bone mineralization approximately 58% after four weeks at concentration of 20 μg/mL, whereas no statistically increase for both ALP activity and bone mineralization was observed in TSP treatment. Furthermore, TSPS enhanced expression of several marker genes in bone formation. Overall, the obtained data provided novelty on osteogenic compounds originated from TSP of T. indica, as well as scientific fundamentals on drug development and bone tissue engineering for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thi Hong Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chien Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Quang De Tran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Cantho, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.,Marine integrated Biomedical Technology center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.,Marine integrated Biomedical Technology center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
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Nguyen PTM, Ngo QV, Nguyen MTH, Quach LT, Pyne SG. Hypoglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate extract from Smilax glabra Roxb in mice: Biochemical and histopathological studies. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 23:1558-1564. [PMID: 33489029 PMCID: PMC7811822 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.46658.10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This research was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract from the roots of Smilax glabra Roxb, which strongly exhibit inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase on in vivo type 2 diabetic model. Materials and Methods Column chromatography combined with crystallization was used to isolate the active fraction and compounds. Chemical structures of the compounds were determined based on the analysis of the spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI) and the α-amylase inhibitory activity (AAI) were determined quantitatively spectrophotometrically using p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside and soluble starch as substrates, respectively. The hypoglycemic activity was examined by evaluating its effects on glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance, and histopathology of the pancreatic islets and livers in diabetic induced mice administrated with nicotinamide-streptozotocin. Results The EtOAc extract and the bioactive compounds astilbin and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid in the extract were isolated and confirmed in structures, AGI, and AAI. The treatment at the doses of 500 and 1000 µg/kg of body weight reduced blood glucose levels down to the physiological level of the physical controls in the diabetic mice after two weeks (P<0.05). Moreover, the treatment improved insulin sensitivity. Histopathology analysis showed recovering effects in the size of the pancreatic islets and no damaging effects on the liver after treatment compared with the control group. Conclusion Our data suggest that the EtOAc extract possesses hypoglycemic activity and has an antidiabetic potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Van Ngo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Hong Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lien Thi Quach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Nguyen PTM, Hayashi Y, Baptista MDS, Kondo T. Collective almost synchronization-based model to extract and predict features of EEG signals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16342. [PMID: 33004963 PMCID: PMC7530765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the brain is important in the fields of science, medicine, and engineering. A promising approach to better understand the brain is through computing models. These models were adjusted to reproduce data collected from the brain. One of the most commonly used types of data in neuroscience comes from electroencephalography (EEG), which records the tiny voltages generated when neurons in the brain are activated. In this study, we propose a model based on complex networks of weakly connected dynamical systems (Hindmarsh–Rose neurons or Kuramoto oscillators), set to operate in a dynamic regime recognized as Collective Almost Synchronization (CAS). Our model not only successfully reproduces EEG data from both healthy and epileptic EEG signals, but it also predicts EEG features, the Hurst exponent, and the power spectrum. The proposed model is able to forecast EEG signals 5.76 s in the future. The average forecasting error was 9.22%. The random Kuramoto model produced the outstanding result for forecasting seizure EEG with an error of 11.21%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Hayashi
- Biomedical Science/Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK
| | - Murilo Da Silva Baptista
- Institute for Complex System and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Toshiyuki Kondo
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Nguyen PTM, Ishiwata-Kimata Y, Kimata Y. Monitoring ADP/ATP ratio in yeast cells using the fluorescent-protein reporter PercevalHR. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:824-828. [PMID: 30704350 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1574204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PercevalHR (Perceval High Resolution) is an artificially designed fluorescent protein, which changes its excitation spectrum based on the ADP/ATP ratio of the environment. Here we demonstrated that PercevalHR can be used for monitoring energy status of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, which are affected by diauxic shift and mitochondria inhibition, in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara , Japan
| | - Yuki Ishiwata-Kimata
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara , Japan
| | - Yukio Kimata
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara , Japan
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Nguyen PTM, Schultze N, Boger C, Alresley Z, Bolhuis A, Lindequist U. Anticaries and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract from leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus L. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Nguyen PTM, Falsetta ML, Hwang G, Gonzalez-Begne M, Koo H. α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111312. [PMID: 25350668 PMCID: PMC4211880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (αMG) has been reported to be an effective antimicrobial agent against planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-forming and acid-producing cariogenic organism. However, its anti-biofilm activity remains to be determined. We examined whether αMG, a xanthone purified from Garcinia mangostana L grown in Vietnam, disrupts the development, acidogenicity, and/or the mechanical stability of S. mutans biofilms. Treatment regimens simulating those experienced clinically (twice-daily, 60 s exposure each) were used to assess the bioactivity of αMG using a saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) biofilm model. Topical applications of early-formed biofilms with αMG (150 µM) effectively reduced further biomass accumulation and disrupted the 3D architecture of S. mutans biofilms. Biofilms treated with αMG had lower amounts of extracellular insoluble and intracellular iodophilic polysaccharides (30-45%) than those treated with vehicle control (P<0.05), while the number of viable bacterial counts was unaffected. Furthermore, αMG treatments significantly compromised the mechanical stability of the biofilm, facilitating its removal from the sHA surface when subjected to a constant shear stress of 0.809 N/m2 (>3-fold biofilm detachment from sHA vs. vehicle-treated biofilms; P<0.05). Moreover, acid production by S. mutans biofilms was disrupted following αMG treatments (vs. vehicle-control, P<0.05). The activity of enzymes associated with glucan synthesis, acid production, and acid tolerance (glucosyltransferases B and C, phosphotransferase-PTS system, and F1F0-ATPase) were significantly inhibited by αMG. The expression of manL, encoding a key component of the mannose PTS, and gtfB were slightly repressed by αMG treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of atpD (encoding F-ATPase) and gtfC genes was unaffected. Hence, this study reveals that brief exposures to αMG can disrupt the development and structural integrity of S. mutans biofilms, at least in part via inhibition of key enzymatic systems associated with exopolysaccharide synthesis and acidogenicity. αMG could be an effective anti-virulence additive for the control and/or removal of cariogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Megan L. Falsetta
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mireya Gonzalez-Begne
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hyun Koo
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Benzimidazoles, such as lansoprazole and omeprazole, are used extensively as proton-pump inhibitors to control stomach acid secretion and also have antimicrobial actions against Helicobacter pylori. Our objective was to determine whether they are potentially useful antimicrobials against oral bacteria. METHODS Streptococcus mutans was our main test organism. It was grown in suspension cultures and biofilms. Standard physiologic assays were used to assess inhibitory actions of benzimidazoles. RESULTS Benzimidazoles inhibited acid production by S. mutans in suspensions or biofilms. In pH-drop experiments, lansoprazole at a level of only 0.025 mm irreversibly inhibited acid production from glycolysis. Cell uptake of lansoprazole was found to be very pH sensitive and occurred mainly at pH values below about 5, indicating that the protonated form was taken up. Lansoprazole inhibition of glycolysis could be blocked by 2-mercaptoethanol, which suggests that disulfide bonds form between benzimidazoles and protein targets. Identified targets for benzimidazole inhibition included the phosphoenolpyruvate : sugar phosphotransferase system, the glycolytic enzymes aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase, and enzymes such as urease and arginine deiminase. Lansoprazole increased proton permeabilities of S. mutans cells but did not inhibit F-ATPases. Although cells in biofilms were somewhat less sensitive to the agents than those in suspensions, biofilm glycolysis was still markedly inhibited by 0.1 mm lansoprazole. Benzimidazoles are bactericidal, and the oral anaerobes Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia were more sensitive to killing than was S. mutans. CONCLUSION Benzimidazoles appear to be useful inhibitors of oral bacteria in acid environments such as progressing caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T M Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-8672, USA
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Phan TN, Nguyen PTM, Abranches J, Marquis RE. Fluoride and organic weak acids as respiration inhibitors for oral streptococci in acidified environments. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002; 17:119-24. [PMID: 11929560 DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2001.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen metabolism (respiration) of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 involving NADH oxidases, mainly of the H(2)O-producing type, was found to be acid sensitive, as was NADH oxidase activity of cell extracts. Respiration of intact cells in acidified media was also highly sensitive to fluoride, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of about 0.02 mM at pH 4. In contrast, NADH oxidases in cell extracts were fluoride insensitive. Fluoride inhibition of respiration of intact cells was related to weak-acid effects leading to enhanced proton permeability of cells, cytoplasmic acidification and resultant acid inhibition of NADH oxidases and glycolysis. Organic weak acids, such as indomethacin and benzoate, were also effective inhibitors. H(2)O(2) production by intact cells of Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 10904, a peroxide producer, was similarly inhibited by fluoride or organic weak acids in acidified media. Thus, weak acids act as respiratory inhibitors for oral streptococci indirectly by acidifying the cytoplasm rather than acting as direct inhibitors of NADH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-N Phan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-8672, USA
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