1
|
Gathings A, Zaman V, Banik NL, Haque A. Insights into Calpain Activation and Rho-ROCK Signaling in Parkinson's Disease and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1074. [PMID: 38791036 PMCID: PMC11117523 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, has no cure, and current therapies are not effective at halting disease progression. The disease affects mid-brain dopaminergic neurons and, subsequently, the spinal cord, contributing to many debilitating symptoms associated with PD. The GTP-binding protein, Rho, plays a significant role in the cellular pathology of PD. The downstream effector of Rho, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), plays multiple functions, including microglial activation and induction of inflammatory responses. Activated microglia have been implicated in the pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, that initiate inflammatory responses, leading to neuron death. Calpain expression and activity is increased following glial activation, which triggers the Rho-ROCK pathway and induces inflammatory T cell activation and migration as well as mediates toxic α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and neuron death, indicating a pivotal role for calpain in the inflammatory and degenerative processes in PD. Increased calpain activity and Rho-ROCK activation may represent a new mechanism for increased oxidative damage in aging. This review will summarize calpain activation and the role of the Rho-ROCK pathway in oxidative stress and α-syn aggregation, their influence on the neurodegenerative process in PD and aging, and possible strategies and research directions for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gathings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Vandana Zaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Narendra L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peptide Modification Diminishes HLA Class II-restricted CD4 + T Cell Recognition of Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315234. [PMID: 36499557 PMCID: PMC9738740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer poses an ongoing problem in the western world accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in the male population. Current therapy options are effective in treating most prostate cancer patients, but a significant number of patients progress beyond a manageable disease. For these patients, immunotherapy has emerged as a real option in the treatment of the late-stage metastatic disease. Unfortunately, even the most successful immunotherapy strategies have only led to a four-month increase in survival. One issue responsible for the shortcomings in cancer immunotherapy is the inability to stimulate helper CD4+ T cells via the HLA class II pathway to generate a potent antitumor response. Obstacles to proper HLA class II stimulation in prostate cancer vaccine design include the lack of detectable class II proteins in prostate tumors and the absence of defined class II specific prostate tumor antigens. Here, for the first time, we show that the insertion of a lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) into prostate cancer cells directly enhances HLA class II antigen processing and results in increased CD4+ T cell activation by prostate cancer cells. We also show that GILT insertion does not alter the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an important target in prostate cancer vaccine strategies. Our study suggests that GILT expression enhances the presentation of the immunodominant PSMA459 epitope via the HLA class II pathway. Biochemical analysis showed that the PSMA459 peptide was cysteinylated under a normal physiologic concentration of cystine, and this cysteinylated form of PSMA459 inhibited T cell activation. Taken together, these results suggest that GILT has the potential to increase HLA class II Ag presentation and CD4+ T cell recognition of prostate cancer cells, and GILT-expressing prostate cancer cells could be used in designing cell therapy and/or vaccines against prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Do CH, Lee DH. Synergism Between Taurine and Dexamethasone in Anti-inflammatory Response in LPS-Activated Macrophages. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:31-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
4
|
Zhao D, Hajiaghamohseni LM, Liu X, Szulc ZM, Bai A, Bielawska A, Norris JS, Reddy SV, Hannun YA, Haque A. Inhibition of acid ceramidase regulates MHC class II antigen presentation and suppression of autoimmune arthritis. Cytokine 2020; 135:155219. [PMID: 32738771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide affects immune responses although its effect on antigen (Ag) processing and delivery by HLA class II to CD4+T-cells remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the actions of a novel cell-permeable acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor [(1R,2R) N myristoylamino-(4'-nitrophenyl)-propandiol-1,3] on antigen presentation and inflammatory cytokine production by Ag-presenting cells (APCs) such as B-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. We found that AC inhibition in APCs perturbed Ag-processing and presentation via HLA-DR4 (MHC class II) proteins as measured by coculture assay and T-cell production of IL-2. Mass spectral analyses showed that B13 treatment significantly raised levels of four types of ceramides in human B-cells. B13 treatment did not alter Ag internalization and class II protein expression, but significantly inhibited lysosomal cysteinyl cathepsins (B, S and L) and thiol-reductase (GILT), HLA class II Ag-processing, and generation of functional class II-peptide complexes. Ex vivo Ag presentation assays showed that inhibition of AC impaired primary and recall CD4+T-cell responses and cytokine production in response against type II collagen. Further, B13 delayed onset and reduced severity of inflamed joints and cytokine production in the collagen-induced arthritis mouse model in vivo. These findings suggest that inhibition of AC in APCs may dysregulate endolysosomal proteases and HLA class II-associated self-antigen presentation to CD4+T-cells, attenuating inflammatory cytokine production and suppressing host autoimmune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Laela M Hajiaghamohseni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Zdzislaw M Szulc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Aiping Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Alicja Bielawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - James S Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Sakamuri V Reddy
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das A, Henderson FC, Alshareef M, Porto GBF, Kanginakudru I, Infinger LK, Vandergrift WA, Lindhorst SM, Varma AK, Patel SJ, Cachia D. MGMT-inhibitor in combination with TGF-βRI inhibitor or CDK 4/6 inhibitor increases temozolomide sensitivity in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:612-619. [PMID: 32710211 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) remains an incurable and deadly brain malignancy that often proves resistant to upfront treatment with temozolomide. Nevertheless, temozolomide remains the most commonly prescribed FDA-approved chemotherapy for GB. The DNA repair protein methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) confers resistance to temozolomide. Unsurprisingly temozolomide-resistant tumors tend to possess elevated MGMT protein levels or lack inhibitory MGMT promotor methylation. In this study, cultured human temozolomide resistance GB (43RG) cells were introduced to the MGMT inhibitor O6-benzylguanine combined with temozolomide and either LY2835219 (CDK 4/6 inhibitor) or LY2157299 (TGF-βRI inhibitor) seeking to overcome GB treatment resistance. METHODS Treatment effects were assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, western blot, cell viability, and cell cycle progression. RESULTS Our in vitro study demonstrated that sequential treatment of O6-Benzylguanine with either LY2385219 or LY2157299-enhanced temozolomide enhanced sensitivity in MGMT+ 43RG cells. Importantly, normal human neurons and astrocytes remained impervious to the drug therapies under these conditions. Furthermore, LY2835219 has additional anti-proliferative effects on cell cycling, including induction of an RB-associated G (1) arrest via suppression of cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway. LY2157299 enhances anti-tumor effect by disrupting TGF-β-dependent HIF-1α signaling and by activating both Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways towards transcription of S/G2 checkpoints. CONCLUSION This study establishes the groundwork for the development of a combinatorial pharmacologic approach by using either LY2385219 or LY2157299 inhibitor plus O6-Benzylguanine to augment temozolomide response in temozolomide-resistant GB cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - F C Henderson
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - M Alshareef
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - G B F Porto
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - I Kanginakudru
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - L K Infinger
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - W A Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - S M Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - A K Varma
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - S J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - D Cachia
- Department of Neurosurgery (Divisions of Neuro-Oncology) and MUSC Brain and Spine Tumor Program CSB 310, Medical University of South Carolina at Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|