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Zheng Y, Gao Y, Zhu W, Bai XG, Qi J. Advances in molecular agents targeting toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways for potential treatment of sepsis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116300. [PMID: 38452729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by an infection. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by endogenous molecules released by injured or necrotic tissues. Additionally, TLR4 is remarkably sensitive to infection of various bacteria and can rapidly stimulate host defense responses. The TLR4 signaling pathway plays an important role in sepsis by activating the inflammatory response. Accordingly, as part of efforts to improve the inflammatory response and survival rate of patients with sepsis, several drugs have been developed to regulate the inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by TLR4. Inhibition of TLR4 signal transduction can be directed toward either TLR4 directly or other proteins in the TLR4 signaling pathway. Here, we review the advances in the development of small-molecule agents and peptides targeting regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway, which are characterized according to their structural characteristics as polyphenols, terpenoids, steroids, antibiotics, anthraquinones, inorganic compounds, and others. Therefore, regulating the expression of the TLR4 signaling pathway and modulating its effects has broad prospects as a target for the treatment of lung, liver, kidneys, and other important organs injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zheng
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Weiru Zhu
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Xian-Guang Bai
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
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Song Y, Ding Q, Hao Y, Cui B, Ding C, Gao F. Pharmacological Effects of Shikonin and Its Potential in Skin Repair: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7950. [PMID: 38138440 PMCID: PMC10745356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, skin injuries have a serious impact on people's lives and socio-economic stress. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone compound derived from the root of the traditional Chinese medicine Shikonin, has favorable biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and wound-healing-promoting pharmacological activities. It has been reported that Shikonin can be used for repairing skin diseases due to its wide range of pharmacological effects. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Shikonin can play a great role in food and can also reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in food. This paper summarizes the research on the pharmacological effects of Shikonin in recent years, as well as research on the mechanism of action of Shikonin in the treatment of certain skin diseases, to provide certain theoretical references for the clinical application of Shikonin, and also to provides research ideas for the investigation of the mechanism of action of Shikonin in other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
| | - Qiteng Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yuewen Hao
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Bing Cui
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dunhua 133700, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China;
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3
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Sun Z, Song Y, Li J, Li Y, Yu Y, Wang X. Potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapy of sepsis: Lactylation. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1042. [PMID: 37904710 PMCID: PMC10571012 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a disease that has plagued human health for decades, sepsis has so far had no specific diagnostic or therapeutic indicators. The discovery of lactylation modifications not only uncovered the deep-rooted causes of changing between lactate level and pathophysiology and immunology of sepsis, but also reaffirmed the inevitable link between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic reprogramming in sepsis. Lactylation modification became a potential marker for diagnosis and guiding the treatment of sepsis. AIM In this paper, we will summarize the discovery and regulation of lactylation modifications, discuss the study of lactylation modifications in sepsis, and evaluate their possibility and potential as diagnostic and therapeutic indicators of sepsis. CONCLUSION Lactylation modification is directly regulated by glycolysis and lactate, and inhibition of glycolytic pathway-related enzymes can regulate the level of lactylation modification, and more importantly, lactylation modification can act on these enzymes to regulate their functions and feedback regulate the level of glycolysis, this finding provides more ideas for clinical treatment of sepsis. We use "epigenetic modification", "glycolysis", "lactate", "lactylaiton" and "sepsis" as keywords and search the relevant literature through Pubmed and Web of science up to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeXian Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Anaesthesiology, The Graduate SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yu Song
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Anaesthesiology, The Graduate SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Anaesthesiology, The Graduate SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yize Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - YongHao Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Zhu F, Song Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhu D. The Renoprotective Effect of Shikonin in a Rat Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1731-1738. [PMID: 37391330 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a typical complication and pivotal cause of chronic kidney disease. The DN disease burden is among the highest in the world and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disease burden. Safe and effective medications are urgently needed for the treatment of DN. Interest has been increasing in Shikonin, extracted from the naphthoquinone plant, particularly in determining its renal protective effect. METHODS In this study, we explored Shikonin's effects and potential mechanisms on a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN experimental model. An STZ-induced rat diabetic model was established, and the rats were treated with different doses of Shikonin (10/50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Blood, urine, and renal tissue samples were collected after the last administration. Renal tissues were examined to detect each group's physiologic, biochemical, histopathologic, and molecular changes. RESULTS The results showed that Shikonin administration could significantly alleviate the STZ-induced elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary protein content, and renal pathologic injury. Furthermore, Shikonin significantly decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-κB expression levels in DN kidney tissues. Shikonin showed a dose-dependent effect, with the best outcome at 50 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Shikonin could effectively alleviate DN-related nephropathy damage and reveal the underlying pharmacologic mechanism. Based on the results, a Shikonin combination can be used in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an City, China
| | - Zhengyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China.
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Yuan L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Li S, Liu X. Shikonin inhibits immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression on macrophage in sepsis by modulating PKM2. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110401. [PMID: 37302371 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening condition whereby immune dysregulation develops, is one of the major causes of death worldwide. To date, there is still no clinically effective therapeutic method for sepsis. As a natural product from traditional Chinese medicine, Shikonin has been demonstrated to have pleiotropic medical effects, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and relieving sepsis. PD-L1, as the receptor of PD-1, was also involved in exacerbating sepsis by inducing immunosuppression, but the relationship between them is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Shikonin on modulating PD-L1 expression and its contact with PKM2. The results showed that Shikonin significantly decreased the levels of sepsis mice serum inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and maintain the percentage of T cells from the spleen and significantly reduce the apoptosis of splenocytes in LPS-induced sepsis mice. Our data also demonstrated that Shikonin significantly decreased PD-L1 expression on macrophages, not PD-1 expression on T cells in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we revealed that Shikonin attenuated PD-L1 expression on macrophages and was associated with downregulating phosphorylation and nuclear import of PKM2, which could bind to the HRE-1 and HRE-4 sites of the PD-L1 promoter. As the present research was conducted in sepsis mice model and macrophage cell line, further study is required to evaluate Shikonin to regulate PD-L1 by targeting PKM2 in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Majory Biotechnology Company Limited, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Youlian Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shun Li
- Majory Biotechnology Company Limited, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.
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Wang X, Zhou L, Ye S, Liu S, Chen L, Cheng Z, Huang Y, Wang B, Pan M, Wang D, Wang L, Lei Z, Im YJ, Li X. rFGF4 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109923. [PMID: 36842235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious and common clinical disease. Despite significant progress in ALI treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates remain high. However, no effective drug has been discovered for ALI. FGF4, a member of the FGF family, plays an important role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to study the protective effects of FGF4 against LPS-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro. We found that rFGF4 treatment improved the lung W/D weight ratio, the survival rate, immune cell infiltration and protein concentrations in mice with LPS-induced ALI. Histological analysis revealed that rFGF4 significantly attenuated lung tissue injury and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, rFGF4 inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-injured lung tissues, murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S) and murine pulmonary epithelial (MLE-12) cells. The results of cell experiments further verified that rFGF4 inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators in MH-S cells and MLE-12 cells by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results revealed that rFGF4 protected lung tissues and inhibited inflammatory mediators in mice with LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in MH-S and MLE-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sidan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Zizhao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Minling Pan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Dezhong Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Luhai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhenli Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Young Jun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Wu Y, Li M, Bai J, Ma X. Silencing long non-coding RNA SNHG3 repairs the dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier by regulating miR-186-5p/Wnt axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:36-45. [PMID: 36463759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Barrier permeability changes of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) are important in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) pathogenesis. Long non-coding small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) mediates the cell-biological phenotype of lung cancer cells and affects the progression of lung cancer, but its role in regulating functions of lung non-malignant cells is still rarely reported. Therefore, we evaluated the regulatory effect of SNHG3 on the function of PMVECs in sepsis-related ALI. Small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated deletion of SNHG3 promoted the proliferation of PMVECs, reduced apoptosis and barrier permeability, and increased the expression of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and ZO-1. Knockdown of SNHG3 increased the miR-186-5p expression, while overexpression of SNHG3 upregulated the level of wnt5a. Through a dual luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed the binding between SNHG3 and miR-186-5p, miR-186-5p and wnt5a. We further found that knockout of miR-186-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, increase apoptosis and barrier permeability, and down-regulate claudin-5 and ZO-1. Importantly, silencing miR-186-5p and activating Wnt signal pathway could eliminate the barrier repair effect caused by down-regulation of SNHG3. To sum up, our results suggested that knockdown of long non-coding RNA SNHG3 repaired the dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier through the miR-186-5p/Wnt axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Jijia Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Xigang Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, PR China.
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Xie Q, Wang Y, Zou GL. Protective effects of lavender oil on sepsis-induced acute lung injury via regulation of the NF-κB pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:968-978. [PMID: 35588105 PMCID: PMC9122384 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2067570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lavender oil (Lav) from Lavandula angustifolia L. (Lamiacease) exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties against various diseases. OBJECTIVE The study explores the effect of Lav pre-treatment on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into Sham, caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP + Lav (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) groups. Lav was administered by gavage, once a day, for 7 days. Histological analysis was performed using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Cytokine and nitrite levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and Griess reagent. Gene and protein expression were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (BALF: 64%, serum: 59%), interleukin (IL)-1β (BALF: 63%, serum: 66%) and IL-6 (BALF: 54%, serum: 59%), and nitrite (40%) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (51%), and the level of myeloperoxidase (66%) and malondialdehyde (59%), and cleaved-caspase 3 (84%) and Bax expression (74%) induced by CLP were decreased when given Lav. Additionally, the level of superoxide dismutase (211%) and glutathione (139%), and the expression of Bcl-2 (980%) induced by CLP were increased when given Lav. The increased p-nuclear factor (NF)-κB/NF-κB (72%) and p-inhibitor of κBα (IκBα)/IκBα (77%) induced by CLP could be reversed by Lav. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Lav pre-treatment might protect rats from sepsis-induced ALI via deactivation of the NF-κB pathway. Our research demonstrated the regulatory mechanisms of Lav in sepsis-induced ALI and can provide a theoretical basis for the use of Lav in the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Pediatrics Department, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pediatrics Department, The Sanya Hongsen Hospital of Harbin Medical Universit, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Guo-Liang Zou
- No.1 Cardiovascular Disease Department, Heilongjiang Chinese Medical University No.1 Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Han L, Zhang W, Wang J, Jing J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Gao A. Shikonin targets to m6A-modified oxidative damage pathway to alleviate benzene-induced testicular injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yadav S, Sharma A, Nayik GA, Cooper R, Bhardwaj G, Sohal HS, Mutreja V, Kaur R, Areche FO, AlOudat M, Shaikh AM, Kovács B, Mohamed Ahmed AE. Review of Shikonin and Derivatives: Isolation, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Pharmacology and Toxicology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905755. [PMID: 35847041 PMCID: PMC9283906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives, isolated from traditional medicinal plant species of the genus Lithospermum, Alkanna, Arnebia, Anchusa, Onosma, and Echium belonging to the Boraginaceae family, have numerous applications in foods, cosmetics, and textiles. Shikonin, a potent bioactive red pigment, has been used in traditional medicinal systems to cure various ailments and is well known for its diverse pharmacological potential such as anticancer, antithrombotic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-gonadotropic, antioxidants, antimicrobial and insecticidal. Herein, updated research on the natural sources, pharmacology, toxicity studies, and various patents filed worldwide related to shikonin and approaches to shikonin’s biogenic and chemical synthesis are reviewed. Furthermore, recent studies to establish reliable production systems to meet market demand, functional identification, and future clinical development of shikonin and its derivatives against various diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehlata Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh- Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, India
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Govt. Degree College Shopian, Srinagar, India
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Garima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, India
| | | | - Vishal Mutreja
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Franklin Ore Areche
- Professional School of Agroindustrial Engineering, National University of Huancavelica, Huancavelica, Peru
| | - Mohannad AlOudat
- Doctoral School of Food Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapset, Hungary
| | | | - Béla Kovács
- Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed
- Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
- *Correspondence: Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed,
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11
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Feng Y, Wang C, Shi T, Liu W, Liu H, Zhu B, Gao F. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 exerts functions in gastric cancer development via modulating microRNA-222-3p methylation and WEE1 expression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:320-333. [PMID: 35765903 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been studied in gastric cancer (GC), while the role of EZH2 in GC via binding to microRNA (miR)-222-3p remains obscure. This research aims to unravel the regulatory mechanism of EZH2 in GC progression via the modulation of miR-222-3p/WEE1 axis. METHODS Initially, EZH2, miR-222-3p and WEE1 levels in GC cells and tissues were examined. Thereafter, vectors altering EZH2, miR-222-3p or WEE1 expression were transfected into GC cells to determine the malignant behaviors involved in tumorigenesis of GC cells. Finally, the targeting relations among EZH2, miR-222-3p and WEE1 were validated. RESULTS EZH2 and WEE1 were up-regulated while miR-222-3p was down-regulated in GC tissues and cells. The decreased EZH2, silenced WEE1, or restored miR-222-3p constrained the malignant behaviors involved in tumorigenesis of GC cells. Deletion of miR-222-3p could reverse the effect of silenced EZH2 on suppressing the biological functions of GC cells. EZH2 could bind to the promoter of miR-222-3p, and there was a targeting relationship between miR-222-3p and WEE1. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that EZH2 promotes GC development via the modulation of miR-222-3p/WEE1 axis, thus providing promising therapeutic targets for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
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Peng Y, Li Y, Li H, Yu J. Shikonin attenuates kidney tubular epithelial cells apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4/PTEN pathway in acute kidney injury of sepsis model. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1111-1124. [PMID: 35417044 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds were used in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by sepsis. This study investigated the function of shikonin from the roots of Arnebia purpurea in sepsis-induced AKI model. The target genes of shikonin were predicted by traditional Chinese medicine integrative database (TCMID). The markers of kidney injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of kidney tubules were assessed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Apoptosis of kidney tubular epithelial cells (KTECs) was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Protein expression was measured by western blot. Shikonin significantly improved kidney injury induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Besides, shikonin reduced KTECs apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, while augmented SOD and IL-10 levels. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase4 (NOX4) was predicted a target gene of shikonin. The expression of NOX4 was significantly inhibited in shikonin-treated group and the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphate and dual specificity protein phosphate (PTEN) and p-p65 were decreased, while level of p-Akt was elevated. In vitro experiments, shikonin inhibited cell apoptosis, inflammatory, and ROS in human HK-2 cells and rat TECs. Shikonin downregulated expression of NOX4, PTEN and p-p65, and upregulated p-AKT and Bcl-2 expression in HK2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, overexpression of NOX4 enhanced the effect of LPS on the expression level of PTEN, p-p65, p-AKT, and Bcl-2, which was reversed by the addition of shikonin. Taken together, shikonin could improve sepsis-induced AKI in rats, and attenuate the LPS induced KTECs apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction via modulating NOX4/PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junhua Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Zhang X, Tang X, Pan L, Li Y, Li J, Li C. Elevated lncRNA-UCA1 upregulates EZH2 to promote inflammatory response in sepsis-induced pneumonia via inhibiting HOXA1. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:371-381. [PMID: 35018436 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response. We aimed to explore the role of the long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (lncRNA UCA1)/enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)/homeobox A1 (HOXA1) axis in sepsis-induced pneumonia. The sepsis rat models and RLE-6TN cellular sepsis-induced pneumonia models were established using ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of UCA1, EZH2 and HOXA1 in rat lung tissues and RLE-6TN cells was detected. Then, the CLP rats were respectively treated with UCA1 up-regulation or UCA1 silencing, EZH2 overexpression to measure their roles in the pathology, apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB mRNA and phosphorylated NF-κB p-65 levels in CLP rat lung tissues. The cells were subjected to same treatment to examine the effects of UCA1, EZH2 and HOXA1 on viability, apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB mRNA and phosphorylated NF-κB p-65 levels in LPS-induced RLE-6TN cells. The interactions among UCA1, EZH2 and HOXA1 were identified. UCA1 and EZH2 were upregulated while HOXA1 was downregulated in CLP rat lung tissues and LPS-induced RLE-6TN cells. Elevated UCA1 or increased EZH2 aggravated pathology and promoted apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB mRNA and phosphorylated NF-κB p-65 levels in CLP rat lung tissues, and inhibited viability while facilitated apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB mRNA and phosphorylated NF-κB p-65 levels in LPS-induced RLE-6TN cells. UCA1 inhibition exerted contrary effects. Silenced EZH2 reversed the effects of UCA1 elevation on sepsis-induced pneumonia. UCA1 targeted EZH2 that interacted with HOXA1. UCA1 overexpression upregulates EZH2 to repress HOXA1 expression, thus aggravating the progression of sepsis-induced pneumonia, which could be alleviated by EZH2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lingai Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yongheng Li
- Department of neurosurgery, Medical Center Hospital of QiongLai City, Chengdu 611530, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Sun Q, Gong T, Liu M, Ren S, Yang H, Zeng S, Zhao H, Chen L, Ming T, Meng X, Xu H. Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153805. [PMID: 34749177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. It is well established that shikonin possesses remarkable therapeutic actions on various diseases, with the underlying mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects elusive. Also, the clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE The present review aimed to systematically summarize the updated knowledge regarding the therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicological effects, clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin. METHODS The information contained in this review article were retrieved from some authoritative databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and so on, till August 2021. RESULTS Shikonin exerts multiple therapeutic efficacies, such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, anti-microbiomes, analgesia, anti-obesity, brain protection, and so on, mainly by regulating the NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPKs, Akt/mTOR, TGF-β, GSK3β, TLR4/Akt signaling pathways, NLRP3 inflammasome, reactive oxygen stress, Bax/Bcl-2, etc. In terms of pharmacokinetics, shikonin has an unfavorable oral bioavailability, 64.6% of the binding rate of plasma protein, and enhances some metabolic enzymes, particularly including cytochrome P450. In regard to the toxicological effects, shikonin may potentially cause nephrotoxicity and skin allergy. The above pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of shikonin have been validated by few clinical trials. In addition, pharmaceutical innovation of shikonin with novel drug delivery system such as nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, nanogel, cyclodextrin complexes, micelles and polymers are beneficial to the development of shikonin-based drugs. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin is a promising phytochemical for drug candidates. Extensive and intensive explorations on shikonin are warranted to expedite the utilization of shikonin-based drugs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Arefian N. Regulatory Role of Non-Coding RNAs on Immune Responses During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798713. [PMID: 34956235 PMCID: PMC8695688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is resulted from a systemic inflammatory response to bacterial, viral, or fungal agents. The induced inflammatory response by these microorganisms can lead to multiple organ system failure with devastating consequences. Recent studies have shown altered expressions of several non-coding RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) during sepsis. These transcripts have also been found to participate in the pathogenesis of multiple organ system failure through different mechanisms. NEAT1, MALAT1, THRIL, XIST, MIAT and TUG1 are among lncRNAs that participate in the pathoetiology of sepsis-related complications. miR-21, miR-155, miR-15a-5p, miR-494-3p, miR-218, miR-122, miR-208a-5p, miR-328 and miR-218 are examples of miRNAs participating in these complications. Finally, tens of circRNAs such as circC3P1, hsa_circRNA_104484, hsa_circRNA_104670 and circVMA21 and circ-PRKCI have been found to affect pathogenesis of sepsis. In the current review, we describe the role of these three classes of noncoding RNAs in the pathoetiology of sepsis-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Normohammad Arefian
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu Z, Le Y, Chen H, Zhu J, Lu D. Role of PKM2-Mediated Immunometabolic Reprogramming on Development of Cytokine Storm. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748573. [PMID: 34759927 PMCID: PMC8572858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine storm is a marker of severity of various diseases and increased mortality. The altered metabolic profile and energy generation of immune cells affects their activation, exacerbating the cytokine storm. Currently, the emerging field of immunometabolism has highlighted the importance of specific metabolic pathways in immune regulation. The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key regulator of immunometabolism and bridges metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction. This enzyme changes its conformation thus walks in different fields including metabolism and inflammation and associates with various transcription factors. This review summarizes the vital role of PKM2 in mediating immunometabolic reprogramming and its role in inducing cytokine storm, with a focus on providing references for further understanding of its pathological functions and for proposing new targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Liu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Le
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Exosomes Derived from ADSCs Attenuate Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Delivery of Circ-Fryl and Regulation of the miR-490-3p/SIRT3 Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 45:331-342. [PMID: 34478012 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced lung injury is a clinical syndrome characterized by injury of alveolar epithelium cells (AECs). Previous investigations illustrate that exosomes secreted from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have therapeutic effects in a variety of disease treatments, but roles and mechanisms regarding ADSC-derived exosomes in sepsis-induced lung injury are unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to explore the molecular delivery of ADSC exosomes. A sepsis-induced lung injury mouse model and a lipopolysaccharide-induced AEC damage model were used for mechanistic analysis. The results showed that ADSC exosomes have high levels of the circular RNA (circ)-Fryl. Downregulation of circ-Fryl suppressed ADSC protective effects exosomes against sepsis-induced lung injury by decreasing apoptosis and inflammatory factor expression. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporting experiments showed that miR-490-3p and SIRT3 are downstream targets of circ-Fryl. miR-490-3p overexpression or SIRT3 silencing reversed ADSC exosome protective effects. Studying the mechanism showed that overexpression of circ-Fryl promoted autophagy activation by inducing SIRT3/AMPK signaling. Autophagy activation can suppress sepsis-induced lung injury by decreasing apoptosis and inflammatory factor expression. Taken together, our results suggest that exosomes derived from ADSCs attenuate sepsis-induced lung injury by delivery of circ-Fryl and regulation of the miR-490-3p/SIRT3 pathway.
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Tian L, Fu P, Zhou M, Qi J. Dandelion sterol improves diabetes mellitus-induced renal injury in in vitro and in vivo study. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5183-5197. [PMID: 34532027 PMCID: PMC8441455 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our research was to evaluate Dandelion sterol's treatment effects on diabetes mellitus-induced renal injury in in vitro and in vivo study. The rats were divided into five groups as normal control (Ctrl), diabetic nephropathy model (Model), Dandelion sterol low-dose treated (Dan-Low), Dandelion sterol middle-dose treated (Dan-Middle), and Dandelion sterol high-dose treated (Dan-High). Measuring serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations by Elisa assay, evaluate kidney pathology by HE staining, kidney cell apoptosis of TUNEL, TLR4, and NF-κB(p65) proteins expression by IHC assay, and relative gene expressions by RT-qPCR assay. In the following step, using HK-2 treated with high glucose to model DN cell model to discuss the relative mechanisms, evaluate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations by Elisa assay, evaluate cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, evaluate TLR4 and NF-κB(p65) proteins expression by WB assay, relative gene expression by RT-qPCR assay, and NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume by cellular immunofluorescence. Compared with Ctrl group, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations and apoptosis cell number were significantly increased, TLR4/NF-κB(p65) pathway was significantly stimulated in Model rats and cell groups. With Dan supplement, the diabetic-induced renal injury was significantly improved (p < .05, respectively). By cell experiment, Dan improved cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors via miR-140-5p. Dan improved diabetes mellitus-induced renal injury via regulation of miR-140-5p/TLR4 axis in in vitro and in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Wang J, Chen Z, Feng X, Yin L. Shikonin ameliorates injury and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated WI-38 cells via modulating the miR-489-3p/MAP2K1 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1775-1784. [PMID: 34089293 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an inflammatory disease induced by infection with different pathogens. Currently, multiple preclinical studies have revealed that shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, but its underlying mechanism in pneumonia remains unknown. This research was designed to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of shikonin in LPS-induced cell injury and inflammation in WI-38 cells. In-vitro model of pneumonia was constructed by treating WI-38 cells with LPS. Expression of miR-489-3p and MAP2K1 was tested by RT-qPCR and (or) Western blot analysis. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay. The productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. In the current study, LPS induced WI-38 cell damage by inhibiting cell viability and promoting cell apoptosis and inflammation. Shikonin ameliorated LPS-induced cell injury and elevated miR-489-3p expression. LPS-induced inflammatory injury was further mitigated by upregulation of miR-489-3p. In addition, MAP2K1, the target of miR-489-3p, was upregulated by LPS. Furthermore, upregulation of MAP2K1 reversed the influence of shikonin and miR-489-3p mimics on LPS-induced cell injury and inflammation. This study revealed that shikonin protected WI-38 cells against LPS-induced cell injury and inflammatory response by regulating the miR-489-3p/MAP2K1 axis, thus affecting the progression of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health vocational college, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhujing Chen
- Department of Outpatient, Jurong People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Department of Comprehensive ICU, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang 471009, Henan, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Comprehensive ICU, Luoyang Central Hospital, Luoyang 471009, Henan, China
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Targeting miRNA by Natural Products: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6641031. [PMID: 34426744 PMCID: PMC8380168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as multifactorial chronic liver disease and the lack of a specific treatment have begun a new era in its treatment using gene expression changes and microRNAs. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds in NAFLD by regulating miRNA expression. MicroRNAs play essential roles in regulating the cell's biological processes, such as apoptosis, migration, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and adipocyte differentiation, by controlling the posttranscriptional gene expression level. The impact of current NAFLD pharmacological management, including drug and biological therapies, is uncertain. In this context, various dietary fruits or medicinal herbal sources have received worldwide attention versus NAFLD development. Natural ingredients such as berberine, lychee pulp, grape seed, and rosemary possess protective and therapeutic effects against NAFLD by modifying the gene's expression and noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs.
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21
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Herbal Active Ingredients: Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5543185. [PMID: 34258266 PMCID: PMC8245226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids, aspirin, and other anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat ALI. Respiratory supports, such as a ventilator, are used to alleviate hypoxemia. Many treatment methods are available, but they cannot significantly ameliorate the quality of life of patients with ALI and reduce mortality rates. Herbal active ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and quinonoids, exhibit advantages for ALI prevention and treatment, but the underlying mechanism needs further study. This paper summarizes the role of herbal active ingredients in anti-ALI therapy and progresses in the understanding of their mechanisms. The work also provides some references and insights for the discovery and development of novel drugs for ALI prevention and treatment.
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22
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Wang Y, Xue L, Wu Y, Zhang J, Dai Y, Li F, Kou J, Zhang Y. Ruscogenin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction via TLR4/Src/p120-catenin/VE-cadherin signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:893-900. [PMID: 33769524 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) occurs with the highest morbidity and carries the highest mortality rates among the pathogenies of ALI. Ruscogenin (RUS) has been found to exhibit anti-inflammation property and rescue lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI, but little is known about its role in sepsis-triggered ALI. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of RUS in sepsis-induced ALI and the probable mechanism. METHODS Mice model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was replicated, and three doses of RUS (0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) were administrated 1 h before CLP surgeries. KEY FINDINGS RUS significantly extended the survival time and attenuated the lung pathological injury, oedema and vascular leakage in sepsis-induced ALI mice. RUS efficiently decreased the level of MPO in lung tissue and the WBC, NEU counts in BALF. In addition, RUS rescued the expression of VE-cadherin and p120-catenin and suppressed the TLR4/Src signalling in lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS RUS attenuated sepsis-induced ALI via protecting pulmonary endothelial barrier and regulating TLR4/Src/p120-catenin/VE-cadherin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lixuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiazhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yujie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Shikonin Attenuates Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Apoptosis via PTEN/Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5564246. [PMID: 34211568 PMCID: PMC8205575 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5564246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin (SK) exerts neuroprotective effects; however, to date, its protective effect against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion- (CCH-) induced vascular dementia (VaD) has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study investigated whether SK could mitigate the cognitive deficits caused by CCH. The effects of SK treatment on the PTEN/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons were examined in a rat model of VaD established via bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Fifty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, vehicle, SK-L (10 mg/kg SK per day), and SK-H (25 mg/kg SK per day). SK was regularly administered by gavage for 2 weeks. The results of the water maze test revealed that the escape latency in the vehicle group was significantly longer than that in the sham group, and rats in the vehicle group spent a smaller proportion of time in the target quadrant than those in the sham group. SK treatment reduced the escape latencies and increased the proportion of time spent in the target quadrant. Nissl staining showed morphological damage in the CA1 areas of the hippocampus in the vehicle group. SK treatment alleviated the injuries to hippocampal neurons. Western blot analysis showed higher p-PTEN and lower p-Akt, p-CREB, and BDNF expression in the vehicle group than in the sham group. SK administration reversed the upregulation of p-PTEN and the downregulation of p-Akt, p-CREB, and BDNF. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling- (TUNEL-) positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of the vehicle group was significantly increased. Treatment with SK decreased the number of positive cells. Furthermore, as marker proteins of apoptosis, bcl-2 expression was decreased and bax expression was increased; thus, the ratio of bcl-2/bax was decreased in the vehicle group. SK treatment upregulated the expression of bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of bax, thereby elevating the bcl-2/bax ratio. Moreover, the aforementioned effects of SK were dose-dependent. The effect of 25 mg/kg per day was more obvious than that of 10 mg/kg per day. In conclusion, SK inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis to protect against CCH-induced injury by regulating the PTEN/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, consequently improving cognitive impairment.
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Cianferoni A. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome epidemiology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:469-477. [PMID: 33607250 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a condition with heterogeneous features (ie, age at presentation, severity, food triggers, comorbidities) and is not as rare as initially believed. In the last few years, the first population-based epidemiologic study, few prospective birth cohort evaluating FPIES prevalence, and several larger (>100 patients) studies have been published, making epidemiologic estimation more reliable. In this review, we report on the available data on the epidemiology of FPIES. DATA SOURCES PubMed review using the following words: FPIES, epidemiology, and prevalence. STUDY SELECTIONS The review focused on the population-based epidemiologic study, few prospective birth cohort evaluating FPIES prevalence, and several larger (>100 patients) studies. RESULTS We identified 8 population or cohort studies. CONCLUSION FPIES is not rare in both children and adults and may affect as many as 900,000 people in the United States alone. Most children and adult with FPIES seem to react to 1 to 2 foods; however, they may need further diet restriction owing to high level of comorbidity with immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis. Globally, cow's milk, rice/oat, and seafood seem to be the most common triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cianferoni
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Li X, Yao L, Zeng X, Hu B, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhu R, Yu Q. miR-30c-5p Alleviated Pyroptosis During Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Targeting TXNIP. Inflammation 2020; 44:217-228. [PMID: 32892306 PMCID: PMC7796869 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) is a common complication of hospitalized patients, often leading to unacceptable mortality. Limited effective treatment or diagnosis biomarkers are available and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The miR-30c-5p is considered as a critical mediator of kidney diseases and aberrantly decreased in patients with SAKI, while the mechanism is still unclear. For this purpose, the role of miR-30c-5p in SAKI has been investigated in this study. Here, we first confirmed that miR-30c-5p expression decreased in our septic models and was associated with the activation of NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. Overexpression of miR-30c-5p alleviated the kidney injury via suppressing HK-2 cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, we identified that TXNIP was a direct target of miR-30c-5p. Upregulation of miR-30c-5p repressed the expression of TXNIP, which inhibited NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 expression, as well as secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our data suggested that miR-30c-5p negatively controlled the NLRP3 signal pathway-related pyroptosis and sepsis-induced injury via TXNIP, indicating that this axis might be a positive therapeutic target for the patient with SAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Linya Yao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueming Zeng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runyu Zhu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Yu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
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Overexpression of CXCL14 Alleviates Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury through the Downregulation of PKM2-Mediated Cytokine Production. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7650978. [PMID: 32774150 PMCID: PMC7396076 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7650978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is one of the most common complications of mechanical ventilation (MV), which strongly impacts the outcome of ventilated patients. Current evidences indicated that inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of VILI. Our results showed that MV induced excessive proinflammatory cytokine productions together with decreased CXCL14 and increased PKM2 expressions in injured lungs. In addition, CXCL14 overexpression downregulated PKM2 expression and attenuated VILI with reduced inflammation. Moreover, the overexpression of PKM2 markedly diminished the protective effects of CXCL14 against VILI as reflected by worsened morphology and increased cytokine production, whereas PKM2 knockdown decreased cytokine production and attenuated VILI. Collectively, these results suggested that CXCL14 overexpression attenuates VILI through the downregulation of PKM2-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Rana T, Ahmad A, Zafar I, Mariappan N, Chandrashekar DS, Hamid T, Husain M, Varambally S, Ahmad S, Ahmad A. MicroRNA-mediated inflammation and coagulation effects in rats exposed to an inhaled analog of sulfur mustard. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1479:148-158. [PMID: 32602122 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of rats to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), an analog of sulfur mustard, can cause acute lung injury (ALI), resulting in increased inflammation and coagulation and altered levels of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs). Rats were exposed to aerosolized CEES and euthanized 12 h later for collection of tissue and plasma. Profiling of miRNAs in plasma, using a TaqMan-based RT-PCR array, revealed 14 differentially expressed miRNAs. Target gene prediction and pathway analysis revealed miRNA-mediated regulation of organismal injury, inflammation, and respiratory diseases. miR-140-5p, a marker of ALI, was downregulated in the plasma, lung, liver, and kidney of CEES-exposed rats, with a concomitant increase in the expression of the inflammation markers IL-6 and IL-1α and the coagulation marker tissue factor (F3). Exposure of rat airway epithelial cells (RL-65) to CEES (0.5 mM) caused cell death and a decrease in miR-140-5p both in cells and media supernatant. This was accompanied by an increase in cellular mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1α, and F3, as well as FGF9 and EGR2, putative targets of miR-140. Knockdown of miR-140 by specific oligos in RL-65 cells mimicked the in vivo CEES-mediated effects, leading to significantly increased mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1α, F3, FGF9, and EGR2. Our study identifies miR-140-5p as a mediator of CEES-induced ALI, which could potentially be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Iram Zafar
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Tariq Hamid
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maroof Husain
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Shama Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Jiang Q, Chen Z, Jiang H. Flufenamic acid alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury by up-regulating CBR1. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:885-892. [PMID: 32542754 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigate the effect of flufenamic acid (FFA) on lung injury of sepsis rats. Rat sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The pathomorphology of lung tissue was detected by Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) in serum and TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissues. The viability of RLE-6TN cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The expression of carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) in RLE-6TN cells was analyzed by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The inflammatory response was obviously enhanced in CLP-constructed sepsis rats and alleviated by FFA treatment. Sepsis induced the increase of W/D ratio, promoted the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGBR1, and MDA and inhibited the levels of SOD and GSH. FFA could effectively alleviate the sepsis-induced lung injury. The viability of RLE-6TN cells induced by LPS was improved with the treatment of FFA. CBR1 expression in LPS-induced RLE-6TN cells was decreased and FFA could up-regulate the CBR1 expression. In addition, LPS-induced lung injury promoted the inflammatory response in lung tissues, increased the W/D ratio and levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGBR1, and MDA while inhibited the levels of SOD and GSH. FFA could effectively improve the LPS-induced lung injury while the effect of FFA on LPS-induced lung injury was alleviated by CBR1 interference. FFA may alleviate sepsis-induced lung injury by up-regulating CBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Jiang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Huang X, Zhang F, Tang L, Xu S, Liu Y, Tong N, Min W. Systemic Delivery of siRNA Specific for Silencing TLR4 Gene Expression Reduces Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Mouse Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:1161-1173. [PMID: 32285313 PMCID: PMC7193037 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a cardiac dysfunction in patients with diabetes which may lead to overt heart failure and death. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling triggers diabetic cardiomyopathy through various mechanisms, one of which is the upregulation of TLR4 expression. The aim of this study was to delineate the role of TLR4 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The experimental and control groups were treated with 5 μg of TLR4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or scrambled siRNA. Cardiac histopathology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, Sirius red, and immunofluorescence staining after treatment with TLR4 siRNA. The myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory factors were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after treatment with TLR4 siRNA. The myocardial function was evaluated by echocardiography after treatment with TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS Compared with non-diabetic mouse hearts, hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial dysfunction were significantly increased in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Knockdown of TLR4 decreased hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial dysfunction (p < 0.05). Cardiomyocytic cross-sectional areas in hearts of TLR4 siRNA-treated diabetic mice were similar to those of the sham-treated mice (p > 0.05). The induction of expression of cardiac fetal genes, beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which are two markers of cardiac hypertrophy, was significantly reduced in TLR4 siRNA-treated hearts compared with controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, siRNA-mediated silencing of TLR4 reduced diabetes-induced collagen deposition (p < 0.05). Paralleled with changes in collagen deposition and the expression of collagen I and collagen III, knockdown of TLR4 also reduced the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) mRNA (p < 0.05). The increased expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was significantly attenuated by TLR4 siRNA treatment in the hearts of diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) values were preserved in TLR4 siRNA-treated diabetic mice compared with control siRNA-treated mice (31.80% ± 2.82% vs. 28.50% ± 5.83% for FS, p < 0.05) (57.95% ± 6.48% vs. 45.34% ± 4.25% for EF, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study used siRNA to specifically silence TLR4 gene expression in the diabetic mouse heart in vivo and to investigate the role that TLR4 plays in diabetic cardiomyopathy. It is likely that silencing of the TLR4 gene through siRNA could prevent the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuefang Huang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Center, People's Hospital of Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizhi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Shishi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiping Min
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, Medicine, Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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