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Chen Z, Liang W, Liang J, Dou J, Guo F, Zhang D, Xu Z, Wang T. Probiotics: functional food ingredients with the potential to reduce hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1220877. [PMID: 37465757 PMCID: PMC10351019 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1220877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an increasingly pressing public health concern across the globe. It can be triggered by a variety of factors such as age and diet, as well as the stress of modern life. The traditional treatment of hypertension includes calcium ion blockers, angiotensin II receptor inhibitors and β-receptor blockers, but these drugs have at least some side effects. Recent studies have revealed that intestinal flora plays a vital role in maintaining and promoting human health. This is due to the type and amount of probiotics present in the flora. Probiotics can reduce hypertension symptoms through four mechanisms: regulating vascular oxidative stress, producing short-chain fatty acids, restoring endothelial cell function, and reducing inflammation. It has been reported that certain functional foods, using probiotics as their raw material, can modify the composition of intestinal flora, thus regulating hypertension symptoms. Consequently, utilizing the probiotic function of probiotics in conjunction with the properties of functional foods to treat hypertension is a novel, side-effect-free treatment method. This study seeks to summarize the various factors that contribute to hypertension, the mechanism of probiotics in mitigating hypertension, and the fermented functional foods with probiotic strains, in order to provide a basis for the development of functional foods which utilize probiotics as their raw material and may have the potential to reduce hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Wanjie Liang
- Research and Development Department(R&D), Shandong Ande Healthcare Apparatus Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Fangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Daolei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elewa YHA, Zahran MH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Parkinson's Disease Risk and Hyperhomocysteinemia: The Possible Link. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01350-8. [PMID: 37074484 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative brain disorders caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Lewy bodies and -synuclein accumulation in the SN are hallmarks of the neuropathology of PD. Due to lifestyle changes and prolonged L-dopa administration, patients with PD frequently have vitamin deficiencies, especially folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. These disorders augment circulating levels of Homocysteine with the development of hyperhomocysteinemia, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, this review aimed to ascertain if hyperhomocysteinemia may play a part in oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways that contribute to PD development. Hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Hyperhomocysteinemia triggers the development and progression of PD by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, the progression of PD is linked with high inflammatory changes and systemic inflammatory disorders. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces immune activation and oxidative stress. In turn, activated immune response promotes the development and progression of hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, hyperhomocysteinemia-induced immunoinflammatory disorders and abnormal immune response may aggravate abnormal immunoinflammatory in PD, leading to more progression of PD severity. Also, inflammatory signaling pathways like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and other signaling pathways are intricate in the pathogenesis of PD. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia is involved in the development and progression of PD neuropathology either directly via induction degeneration of dopaminergic neurons or indirectly via activation of inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine , Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mahmoud Hosny Zahran
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt.
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Wu Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Liu M. Higher serum homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:103. [PMID: 36906541 PMCID: PMC10007840 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and may develop into parenchyma hemorrhage (PH). We aimed to investigate the association between serum homocysteine levels and HT as well as PH in all AIS patients, and in those with and without thrombolysis by subgroup analysis. METHODS AIS patients who were admitted within 24 h after onset were enrolled and categorized into the higher homocysteine level group (≥ 15.5 µmol/L) and the lower homocysteine level group (< 15.5 µmol/L). HT was determined by a second round of brain imaging within 7 days during hospitalization, and PH was defined as hematoma in the ischemic parenchyma. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between serum homocysteine levels and HT and PH, respectively. RESULTS Of the 427 included patients (mean age 67.35 years, 60.0% males), 56 (13.11%) developed HT and 28 (6.56%) had PH. Serum homocysteine levels were significantly associated with HT (adjusted OR 1.029, 95%CI 1.003-1.055) and PH (adjusted OR 1.041, 95%CI 1.013-1.070). The higher homocysteine group was more likely to have HT (adjusted OR 1.902, 95% CI 1.022-3.539) and PH (adjusted OR 3.073, 95% CI 1.327-7.120) than the lower homocysteine group. Subgroup analysis of patients without thrombolysis also showed the significant differences in HT (adjusted OR 2.064, 95% CI 1.043-4.082) and PH (adjusted OR 2.926, 95% CI 1.196-7.156) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Higher serum homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of HT and PH in AIS patients, especially in those without thrombolysis. Monitoring the serum homocysteine may be conducive to determining individuals at a high risk of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Takemori K, Matsuo T, Watanabe T, Ebara S, Chikugo T, Kometani T. Effects of Inadequate Folate Intake on the Onset and Progression of Hypertensive Vascular Injury. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:310-316. [PMID: 34719616 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of inadequate folate intake on the onset and progression of hypertensive organ injury. In the present study, 5-wk-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were fed with a normal-folate (control; 160-170 μg of folate/100 g diet) or low-folate (8-10 μg of folate/100 g diet) diet until they reached 25 wk of age. After the animals reached 10 wk of age, the bodyweight of the rats in the low-folate group was lower than that of the rats in the control group. Regarding blood pressure, both groups had severe hypertension of ≥230 mmHg at 12 wk of age that was not significantly different between the groups. At 16 wk of age, the low-folate group had a low number of blood cell types. The folate levels in the serum, liver, and kidneys of these rats were significantly lower (p<0.01) and the serum homocysteine level in the low-folate group was significantly higher than in the controls. The low-folate group had a significantly lower testicular weight than the control group (p<0.05) and arterial hypertrophy, spermatogenesis arrest, and interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia were observed. However, there was no clear difference in lesions in other organs. These results indicated that under low folate status, SHRSP causes hematopoietic disorders and exacerbates hypertensive vascular injury at various degrees by organ type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takemori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Takuya Matsuo
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Osaka Aoyama University
| | - Shuhei Ebara
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Osaka Aoyama University
| | - Takaaki Chikugo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | - Takashi Kometani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University
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Shcherbitskaia AD, Vasilev DS, Milyutina YP, Tumanova NL, Mikhel AV, Zalozniaia IV, Arutjunyan AV. Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces Glial Activation and Alters Neuroinflammatory Marker Expression in Infant Rat Hippocampus. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061536. [PMID: 34207057 PMCID: PMC8234222 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the common complications of pregnancy that causes offspring cognitive deficits during postnatal development. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) on inflammatory, glial activation, and neuronal cell death markers in the hippocampus of infant rats. Female Wistar rats received L-methionine (0.6 g/kg b.w.) by oral administration during pregnancy. On postnatal days 5 and 20, the offspring’s hippocampus was removed to perform histological and biochemical studies. After PHHC, the offspring exhibited increased brain interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels and glial activation, as well as reduced anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 level in the hippocampus. Additionally, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was increased in the hippocampus of the pups. Exposure to PHHC also resulted in the reduced number of neurons and disrupted neuronal ultrastructure. At the same time, no changes in the content and activity of caspase-3 were found in the hippocampus of the pups. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation and glial activation could be involved in altering the hippocampus cellular composition following PHHC, and these alterations could be associated with cognitive disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Shcherbitskaia
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.V.); (N.L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitrii S. Vasilev
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.V.); (N.L.T.)
| | - Yulia P. Milyutina
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Natalia L. Tumanova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.V.); (N.L.T.)
| | - Anastasiia V. Mikhel
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Irina V. Zalozniaia
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Alexander V. Arutjunyan
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.P.M.); (A.V.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.A.)
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Dos Santos TM, Ramires Júnior OV, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Hyperhomocysteinemia alters cytokine gene expression, cytochrome c oxidase activity and oxidative stress in striatum and cerebellum of rodents. Life Sci 2021; 277:119386. [PMID: 33774024 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Homocysteine has been linked to neurodegeneration and motor function impairments. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia on the motor behavior (motor coordination, functional performance, and muscular force) and biochemical parameters (oxidative stress, energy metabolism, gene expression and/or protein abundance of cytokine related to the inflammatory pathways and acetylcholinesterase) in the striatum and cerebellum of Wistar male rats. MAIN METHODS Rodents were submitted to one injection of homocysteine (0.03 μmol Hcy/g of body weight) between 30th and 60th postnatal days twice a day. After hyperhomocysteinemia induction, rats were submitted to horizontal ladder walking, beam balance, suspension, and vertical pole tests and/or euthanized to brain dissection for biochemical and molecular assays. KEY FINDINGS Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia did not alter motor function, but induced oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial complex IV activity in both structures. In the striatum, hyperhomocysteinemia decreased TNF-α gene expression and increased IL-1β gene expression and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the cerebellum, hyperhomocysteinemia increased gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β, while the acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased. In both structures, hyperhomocysteinemia decreased acetylcholinesterase protein abundance without altering total p-NF-κB, NF-κB, Nrf-2, and cleaved caspase-3. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia compromises several biochemical/molecular parameters, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in the striatum and cerebellum of rats without impairing motor function. These alterations may be related to the mechanisms in which hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to movement disorders later in life and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Wyse's Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Wyse's Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Wyse's Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Preliminary analysis of immunoregulatory mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced brain injury in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:483. [PMID: 33790992 PMCID: PMC8005698 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) can be used as an independent risk factor for predicting cardiovascular disease, stroke and vitamin B12 deficiency. Patients with HHcy have elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. Enhancing cerebrovascular permeability of substances such as Hcy and brain damage will synergistically increase the symptoms of hypertension, but the specific immune regulation mechanism is still not clear. The purpose of the present study was to preliminarily explore the immunomodulatory mechanism of brain damage caused by HHcy in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. A total of 60 WKYs were randomly divided into three groups: WKY control group (WKY-C group), WKY methionine group (WKY-M group) and WKY treatment group (WKY-T group; vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid were used as treatment), with 20 rats in each group. Physical examination of body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and plasma Hcy content was performed routinely. The concentration of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and TGF-β, associated with T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and key regulator genes, including retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), were detected by ELISA, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Th17/Treg lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. MRI scan was preliminarily used to detect the changes characteristic of the ischemic stroke. The results revealed that high methionine diets might have a significant effect on the body weight and SBP. The inflammatory response effect of Treg cells was significantly inhibited in the WKY-M group, and that of Th17 cells was upregulated when compared to the WKY-T group. Compared with the WKY-T group, the expression levels of IL-17A and RORγt in the WKY-M group were significantly upregulated, while the mRNA levels of FoxP3 in the WKY-M group were significantly downregulated. The diet intervention (including vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid) could reduce the level of Hcy in the blood, but also reduce the inflammatory response and rectify the Treg/Th17 immune imbalance to ameliorate the brain tissue damage. In conclusion, the present study indicated that HHcy can promote inflammation by triggering Treg/Th17 immune imbalance to ameliorate the brain tissue damage.
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