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Wu Z, Wang B, Chen S, Zuo T, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Fu J, Gong J. Hsa_circ_0009096/miR-370-3p modulates hepatic stellate cell proliferation and fibrosis during biliary atresia pathogenesis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17356. [PMID: 38766485 PMCID: PMC11100479 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and hepatic fibrosis mediated biliary atresia (BA) development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the roles of circRNA hsa_circ_0009096 in the regulation of HSC proliferation and hepatic fibrosis. Methods A cellular hepatic fibrosis model was established by treating LX-2 cells with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1). RNaseR and actinomycin D assays were performed to detect hsa_circ_0009096 stability. Expression of hsa_circ_0009096, miR-370-3p, and target genes was detected using reverse transcription-qPCR. Direct binding of hsa_circ_0009096 to miR-370-3p was validated using dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis of LX-2 cells were assessed using flow cytometry. The alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1A1 (COL1A1), and TGF beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) protein levels in LX-2 cells were analyzed using immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Results Hsa_circ_0009096 exhibited more resistance to RNase R and actinomycinD digestion than UTRN mRNA. Hsa_circ_0009096 expression increased significantly in LX-2 cells treated with TGF-β1, accompanied by elevated α-SMA and COL1A1 expression. Hsa_circ_0009096 siRNAs effectively promoted miR-370-3p and suppressed TGFBR2 expression in LX-2 cells, mediated by direct association of hsa_circ_0009096 with miR-370-3p. Hsa_circ_0009096 siRNA interfered with the cell cycle progression, promoted apoptosis, and reduced α-SMA and COL1A1 expression in LX-2 cells treated with TGF-β1. MiR-370-3p inhibitors mitigated the alterations in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and α-SMA, COL1A1, and TGFBR2 expression in LX-2 cells caused by hsa_circ_0009096 siRNA. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0009096 promoted HSC proliferation and hepatic fibrosis during BA pathogenesis by accelerating TGFBR2 expression by sponging miR-370-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouguang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taoyan Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingru Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiafeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Chen C, Chen W, Ding H, Wu P, Zhang G, Xie K, Zhang T. High-fat diet-induced gut microbiota alteration promotes lipogenesis by butyric acid/miR-204/ACSS2 axis in chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102856. [PMID: 37390560 PMCID: PMC10331483 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is known to have significant involvement in the regulation of lipogenesis and adipogenesis, yet the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly understood. The current study aims to provide insight into the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota modulates lipogenesis in chickens. Using chickens fed with a normal-fat diet (NFD, n = 5) and high-fat diet (HFD, n = 5), we analyzed the correlation between gut microbiota, cecal metabolomics, and lipogenesis by 16s rRNA sequencing, miRNA and mRNA sequencing as well as targeted metabolomics analysis. The potential metabolite/miRNA/mRNA axis regulated by gut microbiota was identified using chickens treated with antibiotics (ABX, n = 5). The possible mechanism of gut microbiota regulating chicken lipogenesis was confirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from chickens fed with NFD to chickens fed with HFD (n = 5). The results showed that HFD significantly altered gut microbiota composition and enhanced chicken lipogenesis, with a significant correlation between 3. Furthermore, HFD significantly altered the hepatic miRNA expression profiles and reduced the abundance of hepatic butyric acid. Procrustes analysis indicated that the HFD-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota might affect the expression profiles of hepatic miRNA. Specifically, HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis may reduce the abundance of butyric acid and downregulate the expression of miR-204 in the liver. Multiomics analysis identified ACSS2 as a target gene of miR-204. Gut microbiota depletion by an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) showed a gut microbiota-dependent manner in the abundance of butyric acid and the expression of miR-204/ACSS2, which have been observed to be significantly correlated. Fecal microbiota transplantation from NFD chickens into HFD chickens effectively attenuated the HFD-induced excessive lipogenesis, elevated the abundance of butyric acid and the relative expression of miR-204, and reduced the expression of ACSS2 in the liver. Mechanistically, our results showed that the gut microbiota plays an antiobesity role by regulating the butyric acid/miR-204/ACSS2 axis in chickens. This work contributed to a better understanding of the functions of gut microbiota in regulating chicken lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Chen X, Raza SHA, Ma X, Wang J, Wang X, Liang C, Yang X, Mei C, Suhail SM, Zan L. Bovine Pre-adipocyte Adipogenesis Is Regulated by bta-miR-150 Through mTOR Signaling. Front Genet 2021; 12:636550. [PMID: 33633792 PMCID: PMC7901978 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.636550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro RNA (miR) are recognized for their important roles in biological processes, particularly in regulatory componentization. Among the miR, miR-150 has been the focus of intense scrutiny, mostly due to its role in malignant tumors. A comparison between steer and bull adipose tissues identified bta-miR-150 as one of the nine downregulated miRNAs, although its function remains unknown (GEO:GSE75063). The present study aimed to further characterize the role of bta-miR-150 in cattle. bta-miR-150 has a negative regulatory effect on the differentiation of bovine adipocytes and promotes proliferation. Overexpression of bta-miR-150 can promote mRNA and protein expression of the marker genes CDK1, CDK2, and PCNA, increase the number of EdU-stained cells, promote adipocyte proliferation, inhibit adipocyte differentiation, and reduce lipid droplet formation. Results of RNA-seq and WGCNA analyses showed that the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway, which plays a major regulatory role, is dysregulated by the overexpression and inhibition of miR-150. We found that the target gene of bta-miR-150 is AKT1 and that bta-miR-150 affects AKT1 phosphorylation levels. These results showed that bta-miR-150 plays a role in adipogenic differentiation and might therefore have applications in the beef industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Xinhao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiangfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xinran Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Suhail
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Zhang Q, Cai R, Tang G, Zhang W, Pang W. MiR-146a-5p targeting SMAD4 and TRAF6 inhibits adipogenensis through TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signal pathways in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 33531066 PMCID: PMC7856799 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a vital parameter for assessing pork quality. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating porcine IMF deposition. Here, a novel miRNA implicated in porcine IMF adipogenesis was found, and its effect and regulatory mechanism were further explored with respect to intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS By porcine adipose tissue miRNA sequencing analysis, we found that miR-146a-5p is a potential regulator of porcine IMF adipogenesis. Further studies showed that miR-146a-5p mimics inhibited porcine intramuscular preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, while the miR-146a-5p inhibitor promoted cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-146a-5p suppressed cell proliferation by directly targeting SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) to attenuate TGF-β signaling. Moreover, miR-146a-5p inhibited the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to weaken the AKT/mTORC1 signaling downstream of the TRAF6 pathway. CONCLUSIONS MiR-146a-5p targets SMAD4 and TRAF6 to inhibit porcine intramuscular adipogenesis by attenuating TGF-β and AKT/mTORC1 signaling, respectively. These findings provide a novel miRNA biomarker for regulating intramuscular adipogenesis to promote pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guorong Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanrong Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Cheng D, Xu Q, Liu Y, Li G, Sun W, Ma D, Ni C. Long noncoding RNA-SNHG20 promotes silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by miR-490-3p/TGFBR1 axis. Toxicology 2021; 451:152683. [PMID: 33482250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a universal occupational disease, which is caused by long-term crystalline silica exposure. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs participate in diverse pathological cellular pathways. However, the precise regulation mechanism remains limited in silicosis. Here, we established a silica-induced mouse fibrosis model (all mice received a one-time intratracheal instillation with 50 mg/kg of silica in 0.05 mL sterile saline). MiR-490-3p was significantly downregulated in silica-induced fibrotic mouse lung tissues and TGF-β1 treated fibroblasts. Moreover, overexpressed miR-490-3p could relieve silica-induced lung fibrosis in vivo, and prevent the process of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition(FMT)in vitro. Mechanistically, TGFBR1 was one of the major target genes of miR-490-3p, and tightly associated with the process of fibroblasts activation. SNHG20, as opposed to miR-490-3p expression, was elevated in TGF-β1-treated fibroblast cell lines and contributed to decreased levels of miR-490-3p. Taken together, these data indicated that miR-490-3p plays a key role in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our results suggested that SNHG20/miR-490-3p/TGFBR1 axis may provide a new treatment target of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Cheng
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Guanru Li
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Wenqing Sun
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Dongyu Ma
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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MiR-204-5p promotes lipid synthesis in mammary epithelial cells by targeting SIRT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1490-1496. [PMID: 33333715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the molecular mechanisms of lipid synthesis in the mammary gland is crucial for regulating the level and composition of lipids in milk. This study aimed to investigate the functional and molecular mechanisms of miR-204-5p in mammary epithelial cells to provide a theoretical basis for milk lipid synthesis. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the transcriptional levels of miR-204-5p and related mRNA abundance in mammary epithelial cells. Western blotting was conducted to determine protein expression. Cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-204-5p and SIRT1. siRNA and overexpression plasmids were transfected into mouse HC11 mammary epithelial cells. RESULTS The abundance of miR-204-5p was much higher in lactating mouse mammary glands than in other tissues, which indicated that miR-204-5p may be involved in regulating milk production. MiR-204-5p affected the expression of β-casein and milk lipid synthesis in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells but did not influence the proliferation of HC11 cells. Overexpression of miR-204-5p significantly increased the number of Oil Red O+ cells, triglyceride accumulation and the expression of markers associated with lipid synthesis, including FASN and PPARγ, whereas inhibition of miR-204-5p had the opposite effect. miR-204-5p promotes lipid synthesis by negatively regulating SIRT1. Overexpression of SIRT1 can repress the promotion of miR-204-5p on lipid synthesis. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that miR-204-5p can promote the synthesis of milk lipids in mammary epithelial cells by targeting SIRT1.
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Zhang Z, Meng Y, Gao F, Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Wang HQ, Gao Y, Jiang H, Yuan B, Zhang JB. TGF-β1-Mediated FDNCR1 Regulates Porcine Preadipocyte Differentiation via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081399. [PMID: 32796679 PMCID: PMC7459525 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fat differentiation affects lipid deposition and is a complex metabolic process. It has been previously reported that multiple transcription factors regulate adipocyte formation. With the in-depth study of epigenetics, in recent years it has been reported that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can effectively affect the formation of lipid droplets and thus regulate fat deposition. lncRNA can regulate cell function through a variety of mechanisms, the most studied is the mechanism of action of lncRNA as a miRNA molecular sponge. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) mediated lncRNA in the formation of porcine adipocytes, from the perspective of lncRNA to reveal the effect of TGF-β1 on the differentiation of porcine adipocytes, and provide a new way to improve the quality of pork. Abstract Adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism have important regulatory effects on the quality of meat from livestock. A variety of transcription factors regulate preadipocyte differentiation. Several studies have revealed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) may play a key role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, little is known about the effects of TGF-β1 treatment on porcine preadipocytes. To explore the role of TGF-β1 in porcine adipocyte differentiation, porcine preadipocytes were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, and two libraries were constructed for RNA-seq. We chose an abundant and differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which we named fat deposition-associated long noncoding RNA1 (FDNCR1), for further study. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of genes related to adipocyte differentiation. Triglyceride assay kits were used to detect lipid droplet deposition. TGF-β1 significantly suppressed porcine preadipocyte differentiation. We identified 8158 lncRNAs in total and 39 differentially expressed lncRNAs. After transfection with FDNCR1 siRNA, the mRNA expression of aP2, C/EBPα, and PPARγ and triglyceride levels significantly increased. Transfection with FDNCR1 siRNA significantly decreased protein levels of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3. These results demonstrate that FDNCR1 suppresses porcine preadipocyte differentiation via the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Hao-Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (J.-B.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.); +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.)
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (J.-B.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.); +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.)
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