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Yu Z, Shi M, Wei Y. Mechanistic Studies on Rhodium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Cycloaddition of Ene-Vinylidenecyclopropanes: Water-Assisted Proton Transfer. Molecules 2024; 29:1085. [PMID: 38474597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions are a powerful tool for the construction of polycyclic compounds. Combined experimental and DFT studies were used to investigate the temperature-controlled chemoselectivity of cationic rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of ene-vinylidenecyclopropanes. After a series of mechanistic studies, it was found that trace amounts of water in the reaction system play an important role in generating the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring and revealed that trace amounts of water in the reaction system, including the rhodium catalyst, substrate and solvent, were sufficient to promote the formation of the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring, and additional water could not further accelerate the reaction. DFT calculation results show that the addition of water indeed significantly lowers the energy barrier of the proton transfer step, making the formation of the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring more likely to occur and confirming the rationality of water-assisted proton transfer occurring in the selective access to the product with endo double bond located on a five-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Dong X, Liu G, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Liu Z. Activated carbon supported nitrogen-containing diheterocycle mercury-free catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Patil S, Yoo J, Won YY. Investigation of the Mechanisms and Kinetics of DBU-Catalyzed PLGA Copolymerization via a Full-Scale Population Balance Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samruddhi Patil
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jin Yoo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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4
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Xu S, Deng Y, He J, Zeng Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Cao S. Synthesis of CF 3-Containing Linear Nitriles from α-(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5853-5858. [PMID: 34296878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four unprecedented base-catalyzed/mediated nucleophilic additions of TMSCN to α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes and 2-trifluoromethyl enynes were developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly at room temperature under mild and transition-metal-free conditions without affecting the trifluoromethyl group and afforded the corresponding CF3-containing alkyl, alkynyl, and butadienyl nitriles in moderate to excellent yields in a highly regioselective manner, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yupian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qianding Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Cao S, Yuan H, Zhang J. A mechanistic investigation into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed umpolung of ketones and benzonitriles: is the cyano group better than the classical carbonyl group for the addition of NHC? Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cooperative participation of NHC-H2O-activated cyano carbon is more preferred than the classical NHC-activated carbonyl carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
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Zhu L, Yuan HY, Zhang J. Mechanistic investigation-inspired activation mode of DBU and the function of the α-diazo group in the reaction of the α-amino ketone compound and EDA: [DBU-H]+-DMF-H2O and α-diazo as strong N-terminal nucleophiles. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00602h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations disclosed a dramatic electronic turnover of the α-diazo group based on an unexpected DBU activation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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7
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Qian M, Qin B, Yuan H, Li W, Zhang J. Mechanistic insights into N-Bromosuccinimide-promoted synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine in water: Reactivity mediated by substrates and solvent. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2324-2332. [PMID: 30238601 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) promoted synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine in water as well as the effective activation modes of NBS was investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Two main mechanisms that differ in the reaction sequence of substrate were explored: styrene with NBS then followed by 2-aminopyridine (M1) or simultaneously with NBS and 2-aminopyridine (M2), and water-assisted M2 is the more favored one. We found that the adding sequence of 2-aminopyridine affects profoundly on the title reaction. Moreover, upon the assistance of water and NBS, the preferential mechanistic scenario involves three major processes: nucleophilic addition, stepwise H-shift and intramolecular cyclization, three-step deprotonation, rather than a classical bromonium ion species. Specifically, the cooperative interaction of NBS and water plays a critical role in the title reaction. Water acts as solvent, reactant, anchoring, stabilizer, and catalyst. NBS promotes the above three processes by the effective forms of Br+ /Br- , succinimide, and its ethanol isomer. Furthermore, noncovalent interactions between catalysts and substrates are responsible for the different reactive activities of M1 and M2. Our results indicate that simultaneous adding of all reactants is recommended toward economical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bowen Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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8
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Yuan H, Zhu L, Li W, Zhang J. Mechanistic insight on water and substrate catalyzed the synthesis of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)isoindolin-1-one: Driving by noncovalent interactions. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2316-2323. [PMID: 30284296 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the synthesis of 2-substituted-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-isoindolin-1-one derivatives have been investigated theoretically under unassisted, self-assisted, and water-assisted conditions. Being different from previously proposed catalyst-free by Hu et al., our results show that the title mechanism can be altered and accelerated by solvent and substrate 2. Two types of mechanisms have been developed by DFT calculations differ in the reaction sequence of substrates 1 with 3 (M1) or 2 (M2) followed by 2 (M1) or 3 (M2), and water-assisted M1 is the most favored one. It was found that the nucleophilicity of substrate 3 is stronger than that of 2. Our calculations suggest that the water-assisted pathway in M1 is the most favorable case, which undergoes nucleophilic addition and H-shift, C-N bond formation and water elimination, and intramolecular cyclization and water elimination. The rate-determining step is the nucleophilic attack process. Moreover, we also explored the effect of nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen of (4-methoxyphenyl)methanamine on hydroxyl or carbonyl group carbon of phthalaldehydic acid on the activation energy. More importantly, we found that water molecules play a critical role in the whole reaction, not only act as solvent but also as an efficient catalyst, proton shuttle, and stabilizer to stabilize the structures of transition states and intermediates via π···H-O, O···H-N, O···H-C, and O···H-O interactions. The origin of the different reactivity of M1 and M2 is ascribed to the pivotal noncovalent interactions exist between catalyst (water and substrate 2) and reactants. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lihan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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9
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Effects of base strength on the copper-catalyzed cycloisomerization of propargylic acetates to form indolizines: A DFT study. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Yuan B, He R, Shen W, Li M. Influence of Base Strength on the Proton-Transfer Reaction by Density Functional Theory. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binfang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; No. 2 Tiansheng Road 400715 Chongqing BeiBei District P. R.China
| | - Rongxing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; No. 2 Tiansheng Road 400715 Chongqing BeiBei District P. R.China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; No. 2 Tiansheng Road 400715 Chongqing BeiBei District P. R.China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; No. 2 Tiansheng Road 400715 Chongqing BeiBei District P. R.China
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Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic insights on DBU catalyzedβ-amination of nbs to chalcone driving by water: Multiple roles of water. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:438-445. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
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12
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Liu J, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic insight on (E)-methyl 3-(2-aminophenyl)acrylate cyclization reaction by multicatalysis of solvent and substrate. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2386-94. [PMID: 27487815 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of (E)-methyl 3-(2-aminophenyl)acrylate (A) with phenylisothiocyanate (B) as well as the vital roles of substrate A and solvent water were investigated under unassisted, water-assisted, substrate A-assisted, and water-A-assisted conditions. The reaction proceeds with four processes via nucleophilic addition, deprotonation and protonation, intramolecular cyclization with hydrogen transfer, and keto-enol tautomerization. According to the different H-shift mode, two possible types of H-shift P1 and P2 are carefully investigated to identify the most preferred pathway, differing in the NH2 group deprotonation and CH group of A protonation processes. It is found that substrate A and water not only act as reactant and solvent, but also as catalyst, proton shuttle, and stabilizer in effectively lowering the energy barrier. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the strong donating and accepting ability of NH2 group on A and the presence of bulk water are the keys to the title reaction proceed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 5268#, Changchun, 130024, China.
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