1
|
Ganguly HK, Ludwig BA, Tressler CM, Bhatt MR, Pandey AK, Quinn CM, Bai S, Yap GPA, Zondlo NJ. 4,4-Difluoroproline as a Unique 19F NMR Probe of Proline Conformation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1131-1146. [PMID: 38598681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of proline conformational equilibria (trans versus cis amide and exo versus endo ring pucker) on protein structure and function, there is a lack of convenient ways to probe proline conformation. 4,4-Difluoroproline (Dfp) was identified to be a sensitive 19F NMR-based probe of proline conformational biases and cis-trans isomerism. Within model compounds and disordered peptides, the diastereotopic fluorines of Dfp exhibit similar chemical shifts (ΔδFF = 0-3 ppm) when a trans X-Dfp amide bond is present. In contrast, the diastereotopic fluorines exhibit a large (ΔδFF = 5-12 ppm) difference in chemical shift in a cis X-Dfp prolyl amide bond. DFT calculations, X-ray crystallography, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy indicated that ΔδFF directly reports on the relative preference of one proline ring pucker over the other: a fluorine which is pseudo-axial (i.e., the pro-4R-F in an exo ring pucker, or the pro-4S-F in an endo ring pucker) is downfield, while a fluorine which is pseudo-equatorial (i.e., pro-4S-F when exo, or pro-4R-F when endo) is upfield. Thus, when a proline is disordered (a mixture of exo and endo ring puckers, as at trans-Pro in peptides in water), it exhibits a small Δδ. In contrast, when the Pro is ordered (i.e., when one ring pucker is strongly preferred, as in cis-Pro amide bonds, where the endo ring pucker is strongly favored), a large Δδ is observed. Dfp can be used to identify inherent induced order in peptides and to quantify proline cis-trans isomerism. Using Dfp, we discovered that the stable polyproline II helix (PPII) formed in the denatured state (8 M urea) exhibits essentially equal populations of the exo and endo proline ring puckers. In addition, the data with Dfp suggested the specific stabilization of PPII by water over other polar solvents. These data strongly support the importance of carbonyl solvation and n → π* interactions for the stabilization of PPII. Dfp was also employed to quantify proline cis-trans isomerism as a function of phosphorylation and the R406W mutation in peptides derived from the intrinsically disordered protein tau. Dfp is minimally sterically disruptive and can be incorporated in expressed proteins, suggesting its broad application in understanding proline cis-trans isomerization, protein folding, and local order in intrinsically disordered proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himal K Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Brice A Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Tressler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Megh R Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Anil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petri L, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Csorba N, Keeley A, Simon J, Ranđelović I, Tóvári J, Schlosser G, Szabó D, Drahos L, Keserű GM. Activation-Free Sulfonyl Fluoride Probes for Fragment Screening. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073042. [PMID: 37049805 PMCID: PMC10096327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SuFEx chemistry is based on the unique reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride group with a range of nucleophiles. Accordingly, sulfonyl fluorides label multiple nucleophilic amino acid residues, making these reagents popular in both chemical biology and medicinal chemistry applications. The reactivity of sulfonyl fluorides nominates this warhead chemotype as a candidate for an external, activation-free general labelling tag. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a small sulfonyl fluoride library that yielded the 3-carboxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride warhead for tagging tractable targets at nucleophilic residues. Based on these results, we propose that coupling diverse fragments to this warhead would result in a library of sulfonyl fluoride bits (SuFBits), available for screening against protein targets. SuFBits will label the target if it binds to the core fragment, which facilitates the identification of weak fragments by mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Petri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Csorba
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aaron Keeley
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Simon
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MS Metabolomics Research Group, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and National Tumor Biology Laboratory POB 21, National Institute of Oncology, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szabó
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Imamura K, Higashi M, Kobayashi Y, Kageyama H, Sato H. Chemical Shift of Solvated Hydride Ion: Comparative Study with Solvated Fluoride Ion. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3090-3098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Imamura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Yoji Kobayashi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy & Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Steinert RM, Kasireddy C, Heikes ME, Mitchell-Koch KR. Newly identified C–H⋯O hydrogen bond in histidine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19233-19251. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Histidine C–H bonds observed in protein structures include (clockwise from top left): myoglobin, β-lactamase, and photoactive yellow protein; calculations indicate that tautomeric/protonation state influences H-bonding ability (bottom left).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Steinert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS 67260-0051, USA
| | - Chandana Kasireddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS 67260-0051, USA
| | - Micah E. Heikes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS 67260-0051, USA
| | - Katie R. Mitchell-Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS 67260-0051, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schattenberg CJ, Kaupp M. Extended Benchmark Set of Main-Group Nuclear Shielding Constants and NMR Chemical Shifts and Its Use to Evaluate Modern DFT Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7602-7621. [PMID: 34797677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An extended theoretical benchmark set, NS372, for light main-group nuclear shieldings and NMR shifts has been constructed based on high-level GIAO-CCSD(T)/pcSseg-3//CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ reference data. After removal of the large static-correlation cases O3, F3-, and BH from the statistical evaluations for the 17O, 19F, and 11B subsets, the benchmark comprises overall 372 shielding values in 117 molecules with a wide range of electronic-structure situations, containing 124 1H, 14 11B, 93 13C, 43 15N, 31 17O, 47 19F, 14 31P, and 6 33S shielding constants. The CCSD(T)/pcSseg-3 data are shown to be close to the basis-set and method limit and thus provide an excellent benchmark to evaluate more approximate methods, such as density functional approaches. This dataset has been used to evaluate Hartree-Fock (HF) and MP2, and a wide range of exchange-correlation functionals from local density approximation (LDA) to generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) and meta-GGAs (focusing on their current-density functional implementations), as well as global hybrid, range-separated hybrid, local hybrid, and double-hybrid functionals. Starting with absolute shielding constants, the DSD-PBEP86 double hybrid is confirmed to provide the highest accuracy, with an aggregate relative mean absolute error (rel. MAE) of only 0.9%, followed by MP2 (1.1%). MP2 and double hybrids only show larger errors for a few systems with the largest static-correlation effects. The double-hybrid B2GP-PLYP, the two local hybrids cLH12ct-SsirPW92 and cLH12ct-SsifPW92, and the current-density functional meta-GGA cB97M-V follow closely behind (all 1.5%), as do some further functionals, cLH20t and cMN15-L (both 1.6%), as well as B2PLYP and KT3 (both 2.0%). Functionals on the lower rungs of the usual ladder offer the advantage of lower computational cost and access to larger molecules. Closer examination also reveals the best-performing methods for individual nuclei in the test set. Different ways of treating τ-dependent functionals are evaluated. When moving from absolute shielding constants to chemical shifts, some of the methods can benefit from systematic error compensation, and the overall error range somewhat narrows. Further methods now achieve the 2% threshold of relative MAEs, including functionals based on TPSS (TPSSh, cmPSTS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Jonas Schattenberg
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang C, Arthur CJ, Gates PJ. A computational and experimental study of the fragmentation of l-leucine, l-isoleucine and l-allo-isoleucine under collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:6632-6638. [PMID: 32797137 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The isomeric amino acids l-leucine, l-isoleucine and l-allo-isoleucine, are essential to many vital biological processes and are therefore of interest to the fields of metabolomics and proteomics. Their discrimination can be problematic however due to their isomeric natue. This study demonstrates a systematic investigation of the fragmentations of l-leucine, l-isoleucine and l-allo-isoleucine in combination with a thorough theoretical rationalisation. Collision induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) of all three amino acids were collected under a range of different collision energies to identify spontaneous and sequential fragmentation processes. We demonstrate that the three structural isomers can be distinguished by their CID MS/MS spectra, and additional computational modelling is used to rationalise these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candy Jiang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dietschreit JCB, Wagner A, Le TA, Klein P, Schindelin H, Opatz T, Engels B, Hellmich UA, Ochsenfeld C. Predicting
19
F NMR Chemical Shifts: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study of a Trypanosomal Oxidoreductase–Inhibitor Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. B. Dietschreit
- Theoretical Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 7 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Annika Wagner
- Dept. Chemistry Section Biochemistry Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) Goethe-University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - T. Anh Le
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University of Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Philipp Klein
- Dept. Chemistry Section Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Institute of Structural Biology Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine University of Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Dept. Chemistry Section Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry University of Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Dept. Chemistry Section Biochemistry Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) Goethe-University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Theoretical Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 7 81377 Munich Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dietschreit JCB, Wagner A, Le TA, Klein P, Schindelin H, Opatz T, Engels B, Hellmich UA, Ochsenfeld C. Predicting 19 F NMR Chemical Shifts: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study of a Trypanosomal Oxidoreductase-Inhibitor Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12669-12673. [PMID: 32239740 PMCID: PMC7496126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The absence of fluorine from most biomolecules renders it an excellent probe for NMR spectroscopy to monitor inhibitor-protein interactions. However, predicting the binding mode of a fluorinated ligand from a chemical shift (or vice versa) has been challenging due to the high electron density of the fluorine atom. Nonetheless, reliable 19 F chemical-shift predictions to deduce ligand-binding modes hold great potential for in silico drug design. Herein, we present a systematic QM/MM study to predict the 19 F NMR chemical shifts of a covalently bound fluorinated inhibitor to the essential oxidoreductase tryparedoxin (Tpx) from African trypanosomes, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. We include many protein-inhibitor conformations as well as monomeric and dimeric inhibitor-protein complexes, thus rendering it the largest computational study on chemical shifts of 19 F nuclei in a biological context to date. Our predicted shifts agree well with those obtained experimentally and pave the way for future work in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Wagner
- Dept. ChemistrySection BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ)Goethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - T. Anh Le
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Philipp Klein
- Dept. ChemistrySection Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Institute of Structural BiologyRudolf Virchow Center for Experimental BiomedicineUniversity of Würzburg97080WürzburgGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Dept. ChemistrySection Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Dept. ChemistrySection BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ)Goethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Theoretical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Munich (LMU)Butenandtstr. 781377MunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research70569StuttgartGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Howe PWA. Recent developments in the use of fluorine NMR in synthesis and characterisation. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 118-119:1-9. [PMID: 32883447 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A review of developments in fluorine NMR of relevance to synthesis, characterisation and industrial applications of small organic molecules. Developments considered include those in spectrometer technology, computational methods and pulse sequences. The review of 80 references outlines applications in areas of identification, quantitation, mixture analysis, reaction monitoring, environmental studies and fragment-based drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W A Howe
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rose-Sperling D, Tran MA, Lauth LM, Goretzki B, Hellmich UA. 19F NMR as a versatile tool to study membrane protein structure and dynamics. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1277-1288. [PMID: 31004560 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the structures and dynamics of membrane proteins, highly advanced biophysical methods have been developed that often require significant resources, both for sample preparation and experimental analyses. For very complex systems, such as membrane transporters, ion channels or G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the incorporation of a single reporter at a select site can significantly simplify the observables and the measurement/analysis requirements. Here we present examples using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a powerful, yet relatively straightforward tool to study (membrane) protein structure, dynamics and ligand interactions. We summarize methods to incorporate 19F labels into proteins and discuss the type of information that can be readily obtained for membrane proteins already from relatively simple NMR spectra with a focus on GPCRs as the membrane protein family most extensively studied by this technique. In the future, these approaches may be of particular interest also for many proteins that undergo complex functional dynamics and/or contain unstructured regions and thus are not amenable to X-ray crystallography or cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Rose-Sperling
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 30, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mai Anh Tran
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 30, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luca M Lauth
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 30, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Goretzki
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 30, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 30, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Pietrantonio C, Pandey A, Gould J, Hasabnis A, Prosser RS. Understanding Protein Function Through an Ensemble Description: Characterization of Functional States by 19F NMR. Methods Enzymol 2019; 615:103-130. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|