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Laskar S, Kundu S, Das R, Choudhury Y, Ghosh SK. Clinically significant variants associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Findings of a meta-analysis study. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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2
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Yuan C, Xu XH, Xu L, Liu Y, Sun M, Ni LH, Wang XL, Chen Z, Zhang K, Zeng G. No association of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphisms with head and neck cancer risk: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7298. [PMID: 28640146 PMCID: PMC5484254 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies had reported the association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk. However, the results remained controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise evaluation of the association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and overall HNC risk and evaluated influence of cancer types and ethnicities. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science. In total, we identified 15 studies including 2005 cancer cases and 2876 controls to evaluate the association of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism with risk for HNC. RESULTS Overall, there was no significant association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and the risk of HNC. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed according to the types of tumor and the ethnicities, we also found there was no significant association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and the risk of NPC and OC, and European and Asian populations had no statistically significant difference in the relationship of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and HNC susceptibility. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that the TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism is not associated with HNC risk. In the future, large and well-designed case-control studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University
| | - Xin-Hua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang
| | - Lu Xu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan
| | - Li-Hua Ni
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang
| | - Kun Zhang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University
| | - Guang Zeng
- Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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3
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Luo M, Yang Y, Luo D, Liu L, Zhang Y, Xiao F, Yang J, Zhang C, Fu S, Luo Z. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism 308 G/A is not significantly associated with esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:79901-79913. [PMID: 27821804 PMCID: PMC5346759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the association between Tumor necrosis factor-α-308 G>A (rs1800629) and the risk of esophageal cancer. However, their results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of available data to investigate any possible association between this polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the CNKI database for articles published up to 2016. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using fixed or random effects models. We used a dominant model (GA+AA vs GG), a recessive model (AA vs GG+GA), an over-dominant model (GG+AA vs GA), and allele frequency (G vs A) to identify any association. Eleven studies with 5617 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Our results suggest that TNF-α-308 G>A (rs1800629) is not significantly associated with a risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. For genetic association studies, negative results of meta-analysis have a high level of evidence, and these results are important in this era of high-throughput sequencing-based precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of technology, Maanshan, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuening Zhang
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feifan Xiao
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingcheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Lung ML, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Dai W. The interplay of host genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 33:556-68. [PMID: 25367335 PMCID: PMC4244319 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between host cell genetics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Understanding the host genetic and epigenetic alterations and the influence of EBV on cell signaling and host gene regulation will aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NPC and provide useful biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with NPC, as well as genes associated with NPC risk including those involved in carcinogen detoxification and DNA repair. We also describe the importance of host genetics that govern the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and immune responses, and we describe the impact of EBV infection on host cell signaling changes and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. High-power genomic sequencing approaches are needed to elucidate the genetic basis for inherited susceptibility to NPC and to identify the genes and pathways driving its molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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5
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Jaiswal PK, Singh V, Mittal RD. Polymorphism at P21 codon 31 and dinucleotide polymorphism of P73 gene and susceptibility to bladder cancer in individuals from North India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:293-300. [PMID: 24339541 PMCID: PMC3841553 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.120815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: p73, a novel P53 homolog and plays an important role in modulating cell cycle control, apoptosis and cell growth while P21, functions to negatively control the cell cycle. P53 up regulates p21 expression in response to deoxyribonucleic acid damage leading to cell cycle arrest at G1 checkpoint. In the present study, we are targeting p21 codon 31 and p73 gene variants of G4C14-to-A4T14 (Exon 2) polymorphism for bladder cancer (BC) risk in North Indians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The above gene variants of P21 and P73 were assessed in the case-control study comprising of 200 BC cases and 200 healthy controls of the same age, gender and similar ethnicity. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism method and PCR-based confronting two-pair primers (PCR with CTPP). RESULTS: The variant genotype of p73Exon 2 polymorphism showed significant risk for BC (p = 0.014). While combining with heterozygous genotype, variant genotype of p73Exon2 showed a significant association with BC risk (p = 0.010). While in case of p21 codon31 showed no significant association for BC risk at genotypic level. Significant association between p73Exon2 polymorphism and smoking was observed for BC risk. Furthermore, gene combination analysis revealed that AT/AT-Ser/Ser is associated with risk for BC. Variant genotype of P73Exon2 was associated with reduced risk of recurrence (p = 0.039) in superficial BC patients receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment thus showing least survival (log rank = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Our study provided evidence that the p73 G4C14 > A4T14 (Exon2) polymorphisms were associated with higher risk of BC in North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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XIE XIAOXUE, JIN HEKUN, HU JUN, ZENG YONG, ZHOU JUMEI, OUYANG SHUYU, YANG WENJUAN, HU BINGQIANG, WANG HUI. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the p53 pathway and response to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:223-31. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xie L, Liang XN, Deng Y, Qin X, Li S. TNF-α-308G/A polymorphisms and nasopharyngeal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012. [PMID: 23183825 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence has indicated that the polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a risk factor for various cancers, however, the association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains controversial and ambiguous. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between TNF-α polymorphism and NPC using meta-analysis. A meta-analysis based on five eligible case-control studies involving 499 cases and 1,470 controls was carried out to summarize the data on the association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and NPC risk. Odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were used to assess the strength of this association in the fixed-effect model. The pooled analyses showed no significant association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and NPC (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.38, P = 0.193; GA vs. GG: OR = 0.92, P = 0.585; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.00, P = 0.972; AA vs. GA + GG: OR = 1.44, P = 0.138). We also categorized by geographic location (non-Asian or Asian) for subgroup analysis; the results also showed no significant association between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and NPC risk in all of the comparisons. No publication bias was observed in this study (t = -0.11, P = 0.918, 95 % CI = -4.893-4.559). No significant association was found between TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and the risk for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ma H, Zhou Z, Wei S, Wei Q. Association between p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:254-63. [PMID: 21439247 PMCID: PMC4013352 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P21 (CDKN1A), a key cell cycle regulatory protein that governs cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, can regulate cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The Ser31Arg polymorphism is located in the highly conserved region of p21 and may encode functionally distinct proteins. Although many epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between the p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism and cancer risk, the findings remain conflicting. This meta-analysis with 33 077 cases and 45 013 controls from 44 published case-control studies showed that the variant homozygous 31Arg/Arg genotype was associated with an increased risk of numerous types of cancers in a random-effect model (homozygote comparison: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.37, P = 0.0002 for the heterogeneity test; recessive model comparison: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.33, P = 0.0001 for the heterogeneity test). Stratified analysis revealed that increased cancer risk associated with the 31Arg/Arg genotype remained significant in subgroups of colorectal cancer, estrogen-related cancer, Caucasians, population-based studies, studies with matching information or a larger sample size. Heterogeneity analysis showed that tumor type contributed to substantial between-study heterogeneity (recessive model comparison: Χ(2) = 21.83, df = 7, P = 0.003). The results from this large-sample sized meta-analysis suggest that the p21 31Arg/Arg genotype may serve as a potential marker for increased cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Bei JX, Jia WH, Zeng YX. Familial and large-scale case-control studies identify genes associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:96-106. [PMID: 22313875 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy and has a remarkable geographic distribution, which is highly prevalent in southern China, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. Although most of the NPC are sporadic cases, the familial clustering of NPC has been demonstrated worldwide. Accumulating studies have proposed that the etiology of NPC is multi-stage and multi-factorial, involving genetic lesions, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and environmental exposure. Genetic variations result in differences in gene function, which in turn lead to different susceptibility to disease. Many studies have been carried out to dissect the genetic variants that contribute to NPC susceptibility. This article reviews the current progress of genetic studies to identify genes associated with NPC, focusing on the familial linkage and large-scale case-control study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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10
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Liu F, Li B, Wei Y, Chen X, Ma Y, Yan L, Wen T. P21 codon 31 polymorphism associated with cancer among white people: evidence from a meta-analysis involving 78 074 subjects. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:513-21. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Genetic Risk Markers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Portugal: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha −308G >A Polymorphism. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:99-103. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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12
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Yang W, Qi Q, Zhang H, Xu W, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Dong X, Jiao H, Huo Z. p21 Waf1/Cip1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:1453-8. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Gao LB, Liang WB, Xue H, Rao L, Pan XM, Lv ML, Bai P, Fang WL, Liu J, Liao M, Zhang L. Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-16 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 409:132-5. [PMID: 19758567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants in inflammatory cytokine genes can affect the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Interleukin-16 (IL-16), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases as well as in the pathogenesis of tumors. METHODS We analyzed rs4778889 T/C, rs11556218 T/G, and rs4072111 C/T polymorphisms of IL-16 in 206 patients with NPC and 373 healthy controls in a Chinese population, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy and DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS The rs11556218 T/G polymorphism of IL-16 gene was significantly associated with the susceptibility to NPC. The TG genotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of NPC as compared with the TT genotype (OR=1.67; 95% CI, 1.18-2.36). Patients carrying the G allele had a significantly higher risk for developing NPC compared to individuals carrying the T allele (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 1.03-1.78). CONCLUSIONS This study shows an association between IL-16 gene polymorphisms and the risk of NPC, and our data suggests that IL-16 gene polymorphisms may be useful as genetic susceptibility markers for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Gao
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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14
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Tahara H, Sato M, Thurin M, Wang E, Butterfield LH, Disis ML, Fox BA, Lee PP, Khleif SN, Wigginton JM, Ambs S, Akutsu Y, Chaussabel D, Doki Y, Eremin O, Fridman WH, Hirohashi Y, Imai K, Jacobson J, Jinushi M, Kanamoto A, Kashani-Sabet M, Kato K, Kawakami Y, Kirkwood JM, Kleen TO, Lehmann PV, Liotta L, Lotze MT, Maio M, Malyguine A, Masucci G, Matsubara H, Mayrand-Chung S, Nakamura K, Nishikawa H, Palucka AK, Petricoin EF, Pos Z, Ribas A, Rivoltini L, Sato N, Shiku H, Slingluff CL, Streicher H, Stroncek DF, Takeuchi H, Toyota M, Wada H, Wu X, Wulfkuhle J, Yaguchi T, Zeskind B, Zhao Y, Zocca MB, Marincola FM. Emerging concepts in biomarker discovery; the US-Japan Workshop on Immunological Molecular Markers in Oncology. J Transl Med 2009; 7:45. [PMID: 19534815 PMCID: PMC2724494 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported by the Office of International Affairs, National Cancer Institute (NCI), the "US-Japan Workshop on Immunological Biomarkers in Oncology" was held in March 2009. The workshop was related to a task force launched by the International Society for the Biological Therapy of Cancer (iSBTc) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify strategies for biomarker discovery and validation in the field of biotherapy. The effort will culminate on October 28th 2009 in the "iSBTc-FDA-NCI Workshop on Prognostic and Predictive Immunologic Biomarkers in Cancer", which will be held in Washington DC in association with the Annual Meeting. The purposes of the US-Japan workshop were a) to discuss novel approaches to enhance the discovery of predictive and/or prognostic markers in cancer immunotherapy; b) to define the state of the science in biomarker discovery and validation. The participation of Japanese and US scientists provided the opportunity to identify shared or discordant themes across the distinct immune genetic background and the diverse prevalence of disease between the two Nations. Converging concepts were identified: enhanced knowledge of interferon-related pathways was found to be central to the understanding of immune-mediated tissue-specific destruction (TSD) of which tumor rejection is a representative facet. Although the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) likely mediates the inflammatory process leading to tumor rejection, it is insufficient by itself and the associated mechanisms need to be identified. It is likely that adaptive immune responses play a broader role in tumor rejection than those strictly related to their antigen-specificity; likely, their primary role is to trigger an acute and tissue-specific inflammatory response at the tumor site that leads to rejection upon recruitment of additional innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Other candidate systemic and/or tissue-specific biomarkers were recognized that might be added to the list of known entities applicable in immunotherapy trials. The need for a systematic approach to biomarker discovery that takes advantage of powerful high-throughput technologies was recognized; it was clear from the current state of the science that immunotherapy is still in a discovery phase and only a few of the current biomarkers warrant extensive validation. It was, finally, clear that, while current technologies have almost limitless potential, inadequate study design, limited standardization and cross-validation among laboratories and suboptimal comparability of data remain major road blocks. The institution of an interactive consortium for high throughput molecular monitoring of clinical trials with voluntary participation might provide cost-effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marimo Sato
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Magdalena Thurin
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Mary L Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Robert W Franz Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97213, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- Cancer Vaccine Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Jon M Wigginton
- Discovery Medicine-Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Yasunori Akutsu
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, 75204, USA
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oleg Eremin
- Section of Surgery, Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- Centre de la Reserche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Paris Descarte University, 75270 Paris, France
| | | | - Kohzoh Imai
- Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - James Jacobson
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Masahisa Jinushi
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kanamoto
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Kato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Thomas O Kleen
- Cellular Technology Ltd, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 44122, USA
| | - Paul V Lehmann
- Cellular Technology Ltd, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 44122, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 10900, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Illman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Michele Maio
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department. of Oncology, University, Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, 53100, Italy
| | - Anatoli Malyguine
- Laboratory of Cell Mediated Immunity, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Giuseppe Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shawmarie Mayrand-Chung
- The Biomarkers Consortium (BC), Public-Private Partnership Program, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Department of Immuno-gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - A Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, 75204, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 10900, USA
| | - Zoltan Pos
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Foundation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Department of Immuno-gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Howard Streicher
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCTD, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Cell Therapy Section (CTS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 10900, USA
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yingdong Zhao
- Biometric Research Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | | | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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15
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Hsieh YY, Chang CC, Bau DT, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Chen CP. The p21 codon 31∗C- and DRD2 codon 313∗T-related genotypes/alleles, but not XRCC1 codon 399, hOGG1 codon 326, and DRD1-48 polymorphisms, are correlated with the presence of leiomyoma. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:869-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Chung CJ, Huang CJ, Pu YS, Su CT, Huang YK, Chen YT, Hsueh YM. Polymorphisms in cell cycle regulatory genes, urinary arsenic profile and urothelial carcinoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 232:203-9. [PMID: 18640142 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms in p53, p21 and CCND1 could regulate the progression of the cell cycle and might increase the susceptibility to inorganic arsenic-related cancer risk. The goal of our study was to evaluate the roles of cell cycle regulatory gene polymorphisms in the carcinogenesis of arsenic-related urothelial carcinoma (UC). METHODS A hospital-based case-controlled study was conducted to explore the relationships among the urinary arsenic profile, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, p53 codon 72, p21 codon 31 and CCND1 G870A polymorphisms and UC risk. The urinary arsenic profile was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hydride generator-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). 8-OHdG levels were measured by high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Genotyping was conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymerase (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Subjects carrying the p21 Arg/Arg genotype had an increased UC risk (age and gender adjusted OR=1.53; 95% CI, 1.02-2.29). However, there was no association of p53 or CCND1 polymorphisms with UC risk. Significant effects were observed in terms of a combination of the three gene polymorphisms and a cumulative exposure of cigarette smoking, along with the urinary arsenic profile on the UC risk. The higher total arsenic concentration, monomethylarsonic acid percentage (MMA%) and lower dimethylarsinic acid percentage (DMA%), possessed greater gene variant numbers, had a higher UC risk and revealed significant dose-response relationships. However, effects of urinary 8-OHdG levels combined with three gene polymorphisms did not seem to be important for UC risk. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the variant genotype of p21 might be a predictor of inorganic arsenic-related UC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chung
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Knappskog S, Chrisanthar R, Staalesen V, Børresen-Dale AL, Gram IT, Lillehaug JR, Lønning PE. Mutations and polymorphisms of thep21B transcript in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:908-10. [PMID: 17443496 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
p21(WAF1/CIP1), transcribed from the CDKN1A locus, plays a key role executing p53-induced growth arrest. The recent discovery that an alternative transcript, p21B, induces apoptosis, suggests an additional important function of this gene. Here, we report p21 and p21B mutation status in large cohorts of breast cancers and compare distributions of p21B polymorphisms in cancer patients to healthy controls. In 521 breast tumor samples analyzed, only one point mutation affecting the p21B protein was observed. No mutations were found when screening a panel of 20 established cell lines. A novel polymorphism, p21B(G128T) was identified. Haplotype analysis revealed no association between this variant and the previously identified p21B polymorphism p21B(T35C) or any of the known p21(WAF1/CIP1) polymorphisms. As previously reported for p21B(T35C), distribution of p21B(G128T) was similar among breast cancer patients and healthy controls (n = 691 and 1,015; incidence 6.1 vs. 4.8%; p = 0.273, respectively). No association between p21B(G128T) or p21B(T35C) and response to chemotherapy with an anthracycline-containing regimen or paclitaxel was recorded. Our findings do not suggest mutations or polymorphisms of p21B to play a major role with respect to either breast cancer risk or sensitivity towards chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Knappskog
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Staalesen V, Knappskog S, Chrisanthar R, Nordgard SH, Løkkevik E, Anker G, Ostenstad B, Lundgren S, Risberg T, Mjaaland I, Gram IT, Kristensen VN, Børresen-Dale AL, Lillehaug JR, Lønning PE. The novel p21 polymorphism p21G251A is associated with locally advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6000-4. [PMID: 17062672 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE p21 is a main effector of growth arrest induced by p53. In addition, a second transcript from the same gene (p21B) has been linked to apoptosis. We previously analyzed p21 status in breast cancer and reported two novel polymorphisms of the p21 gene. In the present study, we present a larger study designed to explore a possible association between these novel polymorphisms and breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The p21/p21B polymorphisms were analyzed in 507 breast cancer patients and 1,017 healthy individuals using cDNA or genomic DNA from tumor and/or blood samples. RESULTS We detected five polymorphisms of the p21 gene. Three of these polymorphisms are earlier reported by others, whereas two were reported for the first time in a recent study by us. The presence of the A allele of the p21G251A polymorphism was observed more frequently among patients with primary stage III breast cancer (4.5%) compared with stage I and II tumors (1.5%) and healthy female controls (1.4%; P = 0.007, comparing the three groups; P = 0.0049 and P = 0.0057, comparing locally advanced to stage I/II and healthy controls, or to healthy controls alone, respectively). The allele frequencies of the remaining four polymorphisms were evenly distributed among patients and healthy individuals. DISCUSSION The finding of an association between locally advanced breast cancer and one particular polymorphism of the p21 gene suggests this polymorphism to be related to tumor behavior, including enhanced growth rate. If confirmed in other studies, this may add significant information to our understanding of the biology as well as of the clinical behaviour of locally advanced breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar Staalesen
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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19
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Ho SY, Wang YJ, Huang PC, Tsai ST, Chen CH, Chen HHW, Chang CJ, Guo HR. Evaluation of the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc 2006; 69:351-7. [PMID: 16970270 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(09)70272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and may act as an endogenous tumor promoter. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNF-alpha gene promoter region have been found to be associated with certain cancers. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between these SNPs and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS We used polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to determine the -308 TNF-alpha promoter genotypes of 89 NPC patients and 360 healthy controls. In 23 NPC patients and 50 controls, we determined the sequence from -1065 to -101 nucleotides of the TNF-alpha gene promoter region to detect SNPs. RESULTS In comparison with the controls, the NPC patients had higher proportions of men and carriage of IgA antibodies against the capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus, but had a similar carrier rate of the -308A allele (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-2.0). The carriage of the -308A allele was not associated with the occurrence of NPC in comparison with -308G homozygosity. We also found no significant differences in the distributions of allelic variants of the -1031, -863, -857, and -806 loci of the TNF-alpha promoter region, but observed a lower carrier rate of the novel -806T allele in the NPC patients (OR, 0.3; 95% Cl, 0.0-2.9). CONCLUSION Allelic variants of the TNF-alpha promoter gene may not be used as biomarkers of susceptibility to NPC. The role of the -806T allele needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yow Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sin-Lau Christian Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene continues to be distinguished as the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer; this gene can be found mutated in up to 50% of human tumors of diverse histological type. It is generally accepted that the ability of p53 to induce either growth arrest or programmed cell death in response to diverse stimuli underlies the powerful selection against this protein in the development of cancer. It is somewhat surprising, then, to find p53 and several target genes in this pathway containing polymorphisms that impair their function. The nature of these polymorphic variants, and the mechanism whereby they impair the function of the p53 pathway, are reviewed here-in. The impact of these polymorphisms on cancer risk and the efficacy of therapy are only now becoming unraveled. Of particular relevance in these efforts will be the generation of mouse models of polymorphic variants in p53 and its target genes. Equally important will be better-controlled human studies, where-in haplotypes for p53 (that is, combinations of different polymorphisms in the p53 gene) and for p53-target genes are taken into account, instead of analyses of single gene variants, which have largely predominated to date. Studies in both regards should shed light on an emerging area in cancer biology, the significance of inter-individual differences in genotype on cancer risk, prognosis, and the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Pietsch
- Division of Medical Sciences, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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21
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Li G, Liu Z, Sturgis EM, Shi Q, Chamberlain RM, Spitz MR, Wei Q. Genetic polymorphisms of p21 are associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:1596-602. [PMID: 15878916 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p21 (Waf1/Cip1/CDKN1A) protein regulates the transition from the G1 to the S phase and has an important role in modulating cell-cycle control, apoptosis and cell growth. Two polymorphisms of the p21 gene at codon 31 (p21 C98A, dbSNP rs1801270) and at the 3' untranslated region (p21 T70C, dbSNP rs1059234) may have an effect on the protein function and may thus play a role in the development of cancer. We hypothesized that these two p21 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We tested this hypothesis in a hospital-based case-control study of 712 patients newly diagnosed with SCCHN and 1222 cancer-free controls who were frequency-matched by age, sex and ethnicity. All subjects were non-Hispanic whites. Our results showed that the variant alleles and genotypes were more common among cases than among controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013 for p21C70T, and P < 0.001 and P = 0.035 for p21C98A, respectively). Compared with the p21 70CC genotype, there was a significantly greater risk of SCCHN associated with the variant p21 70TC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-1.93] and combined p21 70TC/TT (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.14-1.95) genotypes. Similarly, compared with the p21 98CC genotype, there was also a significantly greater SCCHN risk associated with the variant p21 98AC (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.00-1.73) and combined p21 98AC/AA (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05-1.79) genotypes. When these two polymorphisms were evaluated together by the number of risk alleles, there was a significant increase in SCCHN risk that was dependent on the number of risk alleles (P(trend) = 0.001). Our results suggest that the presence of these two p21 polymorphisms may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Staalesen V, Leirvaag B, Lillehaug JR, Lønning PE. Genetic and epigenetic changes in p21 and p21B do not correlate with resistance to doxorubicin or mitomycin and 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:3438-43. [PMID: 15161699 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 acts as a main executor of p53-induced growth arrest. Recently, a second transcript, p21B, was found to code for a protein expressing proapoptotic activity. We investigated p21 and p21B for mutations and epigenetic silencing in locally advanced breast cancers treated with doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin and correlated our findings with treatment response and TP53 status. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used reverse transcription-PCR to analyze p21/p21B mutation status in 73 breast cancer samples. The p21 promoter region was sequenced and analyzed for hypermethylations by methylation-specific PCR. In addition, a selection of patients were analyzed for mutations in the p21B promoter. RESULTS The p21 gene was neither mutated nor silenced by promoter hypermethylation in any of the tumors examined. One patient harbored a novel p21 splice variant in addition to the wild-type transcript. We observed two base substitutions in the p21 transcript, C93A and G251A, each affecting six patients (8.2%). The G251A variant had not been reported previously. In 12 patients (16.4%), we observed a novel base substitution, T35C, in p21B. All three base substitutions were observed in lymphocyte DNA and therefore considered polymorphisms. The polymorphisms did not correlate with p21 staining index, treatment response to doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin, or TP53 status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not suggest that genetic or epigenetic disturbances in p21 or p21B cause resistance to doxorubicin or mitomycin/5-fluorouracil in breast cancer. Future studies should assess potential associations between these novel polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mitomycin/pharmacology
- Models, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- rap GTP-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar Staalesen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Huang SP, Wu WJ, Chang WSW, Wu MT, Chen YY, Chen YJ, Yu CC, Wu TT, Lee YH, Huang JK, Huang CH. p53 Codon 72 and p21 Codon 31 Polymorphisms in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.2217.13.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 and its downstream effector p21 are thought to play major roles in the development of human malignancy. Polymorphic variants of p53 at codon 72, and p21 at codon 31, have been found to be associated with cancer susceptibility, but few studies have investigated their effect on prostate cancer risk. In this case-control study, we investigated the association of p53 codon 72 and p21 codon 31 polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk in a Taiwanese population. In total, 200 patients with prostate cancer, 247 age-matched male controls, and 181 non–age-matched symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; American Urological Association symptom score ≥ 8 and prostate volume > 20 gm) recruited from two medical centers in southern Taiwan were genotyped. Overall, we found no significant association between p53 polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer. However, for p21 polymorphism, the frequencies of p21 Ser/Ser, Ser/Arg and Arg/Arg were 52 (26.0%), 85 (42.5%), 63 (31.5%) in case patients, 48 (26.5%), 82 (45.3%), 51 (28.2%) in BPH patients, and 76 (30.8%), 119 (48.2%), 52 (21.1%) in controls, respectively. Among the prostate cancer cases and controls, subjects with Arg/Arg genotype were found to have a 1.78-fold increased risk [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-3.01] of developing prostate cancer compared with those having the Ser/Ser genotype, after adjusting for other potential covariates. This significant association was slightly stronger [odds ratio (OR), 2.13; 95% CI, 1.16-3.92] in younger men (≤ 72 years; n = 99 and 126 for cases and controls, respectively) and correlated with localized disease stage (OR, 1.96; 95 % CI, 1.15-3.35) and moderately differentiated prostate cancer (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.17-3.53). In addition, the Arg/Arg genotype was associated with BPH risk in those with large prostate volumes (> 50 mL) compared with those having the Ser/Ser genotype [OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.07-4.98]. Our findings suggest that the p21 codon 31 polymorphism may be associated with the development of prostate enlargement and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wun-Shaing Wayne Chang
- 4President's Laboratory National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- 2Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Departments of
- 3Occupational Medicine and Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Chen
- 2Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Departments of
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- 2Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Departments of
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- 5Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; and
| | - Tony T. Wu
- 5Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; and
| | - Ying-Huei Lee
- 6Department of Urology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jong-Khing Huang
- 5Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China; and
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24
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Wu MT, Wu DC, Hsu HK, Kao EL, Yang CH, Lee JM. Association between p21 codon 31 polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk in a Taiwanese population. Cancer Lett 2004; 201:175-80. [PMID: 14607331 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
P21, which regulates the cell growth cycle, is crucial for normal growth and differentiation. One polymorphism in the p21 codon 31 produces variant proteins with an amino acid change (serine (ser) or arginine (arg)). Although several epidemiologic studies have examined the effect of this polymorphism on cancer risk, the findings remain inconclusive, which has motivated us to evaluate the relationship between p21 codon 31 polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk. In this study, 128 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 178 control cases from two hospitals in southern Taiwan were genotyped. Frequencies of arg/arg, arg/ser and ser/ser were 23 (18.0%), 62 (48.4%) and 43 (33.6%) in carcinoma cases and 51 (28.6%), 84 (47.2%) and 43 (24.2%) in control cases, respectively. After factoring out other potential contributing factors, patients with ser/ser or arg/ser were 2.17 times more at risk (95% CI=1.03-4.56) for developing esophageal cancer than those with arg/arg. Males (n=274) were found to have a slightly stronger association (adjusted OR=2.45; 95% CI=1.03-5.80). Although the sample size is relatively small, these findings suggest that a codon 31 polymorphism in p21 may be associated with the development of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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