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Salari N, Bokaee S, Farshchian N, Mohammadi M, Kazeminia M. The role of polymorphisms rs2070744 and rs1799983 eNOS gene in patients with POAG: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2747-2763. [PMID: 33837898 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a progressive disease of the optic nerve that has several underlying causes, but in most cases, the cause is unknown. Given the importance of the role of nitric oxide in the occurrence of ocular nerve damage and the effect of eNOS gene polymorphic sites on protein function, to better understand the mechanism of formation of POAG, the relationship between polymorphisms rs2070744 and rs1799983 eNOS gene with POAG risk was investigated in this study using meta-analysis. METHODS In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis of study data related to the study of polymorphisms rs2070744 and rs1799983 eNOS gene in patients with POAG using the keywords eNOS, NOS3, Gluuc8898, POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma. It was extracted from SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engines without a time limit until May 2020. To perform the analysis of qualified studies, the model of random effects was used and the inconsistency of studies with the I2 index was investigated. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2). RESULTS In a review of 16 studies (9 studies on polymorphism rs2070744 and seven studies on polymorphism rs1799983) with a sample size of 1631 subjects and a control group of 2405 subjects related to polymorphism rs2070744 and a group of 1456 subjects and a control group of 2240 subjects related to polymorphism 9997 rs1, the odds ratio of TT, CT, and CC genotypes was reported to be 0.95, 1.01, and 1.14, respectively, and the odds ratio of GG, GT and TT genotypes to be 0.88, 0.97, and 1.31, respectively, was reported in patients with POAG. CONCLUSION The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis study show that the eNOS gene polymorphisms rs2070744 and rs1799983 may increase the risk of POAG among individuals. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shadi Bokaee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Nushin Farshchian
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Kazeminia
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Wang J, Zhang D, Cao C, Yao J. Betalain exerts a protective effect against glaucoma is majorly through the association of inflammatory cytokines. AMB Express 2020; 10:125. [PMID: 32666339 PMCID: PMC7360000 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed at evaluating the protective role of betalain on the in vitro glaucoma model using PC12 neuronal cells. The cultured neuronal cells in a customized pressurized chamber were analyzed for the onset of glutathione, myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin, expression of inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX-1), lipoxygenase (5- LOX), sPLA2 caveolin-1, glaucoma markers and other inflammatory cytokines in the presence and absence of betalain. The results have shown that a significant increase in the expression of oxidative stress with increased activity of cathepsin B and D. On the other hand, the activity of inflammatory enzymes such as COX-1, 5- LOX, sPLA2 were significantly increased in pressure exposed cells. In addition, glaucoma simulated cells demonstrated a significant increase in the VEGF, TGF-β, BDGF, and neuroserpin compared to control. Moreover, cells predisposed to hydrostatic pressure demonstrated an increase in (p < 0.01) inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, CXCR4, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. However, cells pre-treated with betalain improved the glutathione levels with attenuated MPO activity. Simultaneously, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and other glaucoma marker genes found restored in drug pre-treated cells. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the use of betalain on ocular cells can prevent the progression of the disease that can be a suggestive therapeutic for controlling glaucoma like conditions.
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Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Sultan T, Osman EA, Almobarak FA, Al-Obeidan SA. Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227417. [PMID: 31914149 PMCID: PMC6948740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) of Saudi origin. Methods This case-control study included 173 patients with POAG (94 men and 79 women) and 171 controls (98 men and 73 women). Genotyping of rs2070744 (T-786C) and rs1799983 (G894T) variants of the NOS3 gene was performed using TaqMan® assay. Results Rs1799983 genotypes showed a significant association with POAG but did not survive Bonferroni correction (pcorrection = 0.01). The minor ‘T’ allele was significantly associated with the risk of POAG among men (p = 0.025, odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–2.94). Likewise, the genotypes were significantly associated with POAG among men in dominant (p = 0.030, OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.06–3.48) and log-additive models (p = 0.022, OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.08–3.07), and after adjustment for age and smoking. Genotype and allele frequencies of rs2070744 were not significantly different between POAG cases and controls, and after sex stratification. CG haplotype was significantly protective (p = 0.011, OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32–0.87) and CT haplotype conferred significantly increased risk of POAG (p = 0.016, OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.16–5.82) among men. Rs1799983 showed trend (p = 0.054) towards risk of POAG independent of age, gender, smoking, and rs2070744 polymorphism in logistic regression analysis. Both the polymorphisms showed no association with POAG phenotypes such as intraocular pressure and cup/disc ratio. Conclusion Our results suggest that the polymorphism rs1799983 and the haplotypes of rs20707440 and rs1799983 in the NOS3 gene may significantly modulate the risk of POAG in Saudi’s, particularly among men. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Taif A. Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Osman
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A. Almobarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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The Relation Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Normal Tension Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:1030-1035. [PMID: 28777225 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether polymorphisms of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). We also investigated whether the eNOS polymorphisms are associated with NTG subgroups [NTG with and without optic disc hemorrhage (DH)]. METHODS A total of 251 patients with NTG and 245 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was extracted, and the genotypes of 4 polymorphisms (rs2070744, rs1549758, rs1799983, and rs2566514) in the eNOS gene were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism and the SNaPshot method. The primary outcome was to investigate the relation between eNOS polymorphisms and NTG. The secondary outcome was to compare the frequencies of the polymorphic genotypes among the NTG subgroups. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for type I error. RESULTS In all subjects, the genotype distribution was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. None of the 4 polymorphisms showed any significant difference in the frequencies of alleles or genotypes between the NTG patients and controls. In the further analysis comparing the genotypic frequencies between NTG with DH and normal controls, the CC/CT genotype of rs2070744 was significantly associated with DH in NTG patients (genotypic association test, P-value=0.0041). On the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates such as sex and age, the NTG with DH was associated with polymorphic genotypes of rs2070744 with a borderline significance (additive genetic model, P=0.0070). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicates that eNOS rs2070744 can be associated with NTG patients with DH. This finding suggests that the eNOS polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor in the development of DH in NTG patients.
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Association of Common Variants in eNOS Gene with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:1348347. [PMID: 27242919 PMCID: PMC4875980 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1348347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To clarify the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods. After a systematic literature search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases, all relevant studies evaluating the association between the polymorphisms (rs2070744 and rs1799983) of eNOS gene and POAG were screened and included. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in five genetic models were estimated using fixed-effect model if I (2) < 50% in the test for heterogeneity; otherwise the random-effects model was used. Results. Thirty-one records were obtained, with five being suitable for meta-analysis. The overall results showed that both TT genotype in rs2070744 and GG genotype in rs1799983 are associated with decreased risk of POAG susceptibility. Stratified analysis based on ethnicity showed that the association of rs2070744 with POAG remained only in Caucasians. Results of subgroup analysis by sex indicated association between both polymorphisms and POAG in female group, but not in male group. Conclusions. TT genotype and/or T-allele in rs2070744, as well as GG genotype and/or G-allele in rs1799983, was associated with decreased risk for POAG overall and in female group.
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Kosior-Jarecka E, Łukasik U, Wróbel-Dudzińska D, Kocki J, Bartosińska J, Witczak A, Chodorowska G, Mosiewicz J, Żarnowski T. Risk Factors for Normal and High-Tension Glaucoma in Poland in Connection with Polymorphisms of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147540. [PMID: 26807726 PMCID: PMC4726562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms of the eNOS gene on the clinical status of patients with normal and high tension glaucoma. Methods 266 Polish Caucasian patients with primary open angle glaucoma were studied. Of the 266, 156 had normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and 110 high tension glaucoma (HTG). DNA material was isolated from peripheral venous blood using commercial kits. Real-time PCR reaction was used to amplify the promoter site of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, including the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site T-786C and part of the 7th exon of eNOS, including G894T SNP. Genotypes were determined with TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Results There were no significant differences in frequencies of the allelic variants of both polymorphisms. In G894T SNP, however, the wild GG form was more common in the HTG group. The SNP of the eNOS gene did not significantly influence the progression rate in either of the groups studied. There were no differences in variants of the eNOS gene regarding the necessity for and success of surgery and the progression of the disease. In the NTG group, no statistical correlation was observed between G894T, T786C polymorphism variants, and risk factors such as optic disc haemorrhages, optic disc notches, and peripapillary atrophy. Mean diastolic and systolic pressure during the day and night were lowest in NTG patients with the CC variant of the T786C polymorphism. No statistical correlation was observed between the G894T and T786C polymorphisms and capillaroscopic examination results. Conclusions Genotype frequencies are similar for both the eNOS G894T and T-786C polymorphisms in NTG and HTG patients. These polymorphisms do not correlate with risk factors and do not influence the state of the capillary system in NTG patients. Systolic blood pressure is lower in NTG patients with mutated alleles of both polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kosior-Jarecka
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Urszula Łukasik
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartosińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Chodorowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Żarnowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and susceptibility to high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma in an Egyptian cohort. Mol Vis 2014; 20:804-11. [PMID: 24940036 PMCID: PMC4057245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the association of polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene and nitric oxide (NO) levels with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in an Egyptian population. METHODS This case-control study included 160 patients who had high-tension POAG (76 men and 84 women; age range 41-75 years) and 110 controls (56 men and 54 women; age range 55-78 years). Genotyping of T-786C (rs2070744), Glu298Asp (rs1799983), and the 27-bp insertional variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 4 of the NOS3 gene was performed with an amplification refractory mutation system PCR assay. The NO level was determined by measuring the total nitrate/nitrite (NOX) plasma level. RESULTS The CC genotype of the T-786C polymorphism was significantly associated with POAG (odds ratio [OR] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-5.13, p = 0.007). The C allele was significantly associated with POAG (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.29-2.69, p<0.001). After stratification by sex, the CC genotype and the C allele were significantly associated with POAG in women only (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.07-8.74, p = 0.03 for the CC genotype, and OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.24-3.53, p = 0.005 for the C allele). The genotype and allele frequencies of Glu298Asp and intron 4 were not significant between the patients with POAG and the controls, and after stratification by sex. The mean NOX plasma level was significantly lower in patients with POAG than in the controls (p = 0.01) and low in the (TC+CC) genotype compared to the TT genotype of T-786C in the patients and controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the CC genotype of T-786C NOS3 may be associated with an increased risk of developing high-tension POAG in Egyptians, particularly women. In addition, decreased NO levels may play a role in the development of POAG.
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Weiss J, Fränkl SA, Flammer J, Grieshaber MC, Hollo G, Teuchner B, Haefeli WE. No difference in genotype frequencies of polymorphisms of the nitric oxide pathway between Caucasian normal and high tension glaucoma patients. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2174-81. [PMID: 22919264 PMCID: PMC3425578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Substantial evidence suggests that ocular perfusion is regulated by nitric oxide (NO), and polymorphisms in genes encoding for enzymes involved in NO formation and degradation (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [NOS3] and cytochrome b-235 alpha polypeptide gene [CYBA]) might contribute to vascular dysregulation observed in glaucoma. We therefore assessed the association of glaucoma with polymorphisms of NOS3 and CYBA previously associated with cardiovascular disease. We also compared the distribution of these polymorphisms in patients with high tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and evaluated its association with vascular dysregulation in a subset of glaucoma patients. METHODS Three hundred Caucasian patients with HTG and 127 with NTG were enrolled in the study and genotyped for G894T (rs1799983) and T-786C (rs2070744) in NOS3 and C242T (rs4673) in CYBA. RESULTS None of these polymorphisms had a different allele or genotype distribution between HTG and NTG patients nor had the presence of vasospasms any impact. CONCLUSIONS We studied the frequencies of a set of relevant polymorphisms of the NO system in a large cohort of glaucoma patients and found no association. These results therefore suggest the absence of a relevant relationship with different glaucoma forms in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Josef Flammer
- Eye Clinic of the University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabor Hollo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Teuchner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walter Emil Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Association of polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with the risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Brazilian population. Gene 2012; 502:142-6. [PMID: 22561696 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). We conducted a case-control study that included 90 patients with POAG and 127 healthy controls whose blood samples were genotyped for the functional polymorphisms T-786C and Glu298Asp of the eNOS gene by Taqman fluorescent allelic discrimination assay. The T-786C polymorphism was significantly associated as a risk factor for POAG among women (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.11 to 4.70, p=0.024) and marginally associated to the risk of POAG in the patients ≥52 years of age at diagnosis (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 0.98 to 4.55, p=0,055). However, these results was not confirmed after adjustments for gender, age, self-declared skin color, tobacco smoking and eNOS genotypes by multivariate logistic regression model (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 0.87 to 5.01, p=0.101 and OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 0.95 to 5.12, p=0.067, respectively). The haplotype CG of T-786C and Glu298Asp showed a borderline association with risk of POAG in the overall analysis (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 0.98 to 3.14, p=0.055) and among women (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.98 to 4.16, p=0.052). Furthermore, the CG haplotype was significantly associated with the development of POAG for the age at diagnosis group ≥52 years (OR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.54 to 7.84, p=0.002).We suggested that haplotypes of the polymorphisms T-786C and Glu298Asp of eNOS may interact with gender and age in modulating the risk of POAG.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma: Understanding genetic influences. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:202-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liao Q, Wang DH, Sun HJ. Association of genetic polymorphisms of eNOS with glaucoma. Mol Vis 2011; 17:153-8. [PMID: 21245953 PMCID: PMC3021569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies suggest that vascular dysregulation play a role in the etiology of glaucoma. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary closed angle glaucoma (PCAG). METHODS There were 102 POAG and 88 PCAG patients, diagnosed on the basis of clinical history, raised intraocular pressure (IOP), cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and visual field defects, and 120 age- and sex-matched control subjects genotyped for 5 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs743507, rs3793342, rs11771443, rs7830, and rs3918188) of the human eNOS gene. RESULTS rs3793342, rs743507, rs11771443, rs7830, and rs3918188 were not found to be associated with POAG or with PCAG. In the haplotype-based case-control analysis, the frequency of the C-T haplotype established by rs3793342 and rs11771443 was significantly higher for POAG patients than for control subjects (p<0.001, OR=5.111, 95%CI=1.766~14.788). CONCLUSIONS The C-T haplotype established by rs3793342 and rs11771443 may be genetic marks of POAG in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of the 3rd Military Medical College, Chongqi, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Hong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of the 3rd Military Medical College, Chongqi, P.R. China
| | - Han-Jun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of the 3rd Military Medical College, Chongqi, P.R. China
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Ayub H, Khan MI, Micheal S, Akhtar F, Ajmal M, Shafique S, Ali SHB, den Hollander AI, Ahmed A, Qamar R. Association of eNOS and HSP70 gene polymorphisms with glaucoma in Pakistani cohorts. Mol Vis 2010; 16:18-25. [PMID: 20069064 PMCID: PMC2805420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the involvement of stress-regulating genes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary closed angle glaucoma (PCAG). METHODS POAG and PCAG patients recruited from different areas of Pakistan were diagnosed on the basis of clinical history, raised intraocular pressure (IOP), cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and visual field defects. Their blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from it, followed by PCR amplification and VNTR typing of the eNOS gene, while the HSP70 SNP was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. For both of the polymorphisms, the genotype distribution of the POAG and PCAG patients was compared with unaffected controls. RESULTS HSP70 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with PCAG (chi(2)=15.29 [p<0.001], OR=2.63 [95% CI=1.55-4.48]), with p<0.001 for the dominant model and OR=2.09 (95% CI=1.10-3.96) , with p<0.01 for the recessive model, but not with POAG (chi(2)=2.96 [p>0.05]). As opposed to this significant eNOS association, was seen with PCAG (chi(2)=6.33 [p<0.05], OR=2.09 [95% CI=1.12-3.89]), with p<0.01 for the dominant model, as well as with POAG (chi(2)=8.89 [p<0.05], OR=2.23 [95% CI=1.26-3.39]), with p<0.01 for dominant model. For the eNOS case, we found a significant association with the risk allele "a" for POAG patients (chi(2)=9.29 [p<0.01], OR=2.02 [95% CI=1.25-3.28, p=0.001]) and PCAG patients (chi(2)=7.59 [p<0.01], OR=1.99 [95% CI=1.18-3.37, p<0.01]). Similarly, in the HSP70 case, there was a significant association with the risk allele "C" for POAG patients (chi(2)=3.57 [p=0.05], OR=1.38 [95% CI=0.97-1.94, p<0.05]) and PCAG patients (chi(2)=18.32 (p<0.001), OR=2.16 [95% CI=1.49-3.13, p<0.001]). CONCLUSIONS The intron 4 polymorphism of eNOS is associated with POAG, as well as PCAG, while the G+190C polymorphism in HSP70 is associated with PCAG, but not with POAG in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Ayub
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shazia Micheal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farah Akhtar
- Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Shafique
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Asifa Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mossböck G, Faschinger C, Weger M, Renner W. Die Rolle genetischer Faktoren bei den Glaukomen. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-008-0269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hewitt AW, Craig JE, Mackey DA. Complex genetics of complex traits: the case of primary open-angle glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 34:472-84. [PMID: 16872346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, which is a complex heterogeneous disease, presents an ideal case for genetic investigation. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the commonest subtype and will be the focus of this review. When detected early, POAG is amenable to therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, current population-based clinical screening lacks efficacy. If individuals with a genetic predisposition for developing POAG can be identified, then efficient and cost-effective population-based screening programs could be designed. Although considerable inroads have been made in understanding the natural history of POAG caused by mutations in the myocilin and optineurin genes, other POAG genes accounting for most cases remain to be identified. This review explores the genetic mechanisms that have been unequivocally linked to the glaucomatous process and then discusses potential avenues for future breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Hewitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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