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Kamiya Y, Aihara N, Shiga T, Horiuchi N, Kamiie J. Diversity of mutations in the dystrophin gene and details of muscular lesions in porcine dystrophinopathies. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:432-441. [PMID: 38006213 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231214028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
During meat inspections in pigs, dystrophinopathies are among the muscle lesions targeted for disposal. In this study, the authors examined the lesions and the distribution of dystrophin expression in 25 pigs with dystrophinopathy. In addition, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) sequencing and western blotting were performed in 6 of the 25 cases, all of which were characterized by degeneration, necrosis, and fat replacement of muscle fibers. Comparing the results of immunohistochemistry with anti-dystrophin antibodies that recognized at different sites in the protein, the authors noted that the loss of dystrophin expression was most pronounced in the C-terminus-recognizing antibody (19/25 cases). The authors detected 5 missense mutations and 3 types of shortened transcripts generated by the skipping of exons in the cDNA, which were associated with the pathogenesis. One missense mutation had been reported previously, whereas the remaining mutations identified had not been previously documented in pigs. In the cases with shortened transcripts, normal-sized transcripts were detected together with the defective transcripts, suggesting that these mutations were caused by splicing abnormalities. In addition, they were in-frame mutations, all of which have similar pathogeneses of Becker muscular dystrophy in humans. These cases were 6 months of age and exhibited macroscopic discoloration, fatty replacement, and muscle degeneration, suggesting that the effect of these mutations on skeletal muscle was significant.
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Tang F, Xiao Y, Zhou C, Zhang H, Wang J, Zeng Y. NGS-based targeted sequencing identified six novel variants in patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy from southwestern China. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:121. [PMID: 37254189 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and exome sequencing are common gene detection methods in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD), but they can not cover the whole-genome sequence of the DMD gene. In this study, the whole genome capture of the DMD gene and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology were used to detect the patients with DMD/BMD in Southwest China, to clarify the application value of this technology and further study the gene variant spectrum. METHODS From 2017 to 2020, 51 unrelated patients with DMD/BMD in southwestern China were clinically diagnosed at West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). The whole-genome of the DMD gene was captured from the peripheral blood of all patients, and next-generation sequencing was performed. Large copy number variants (CNVs) in the exon regions of the DMD gene were verified through MLPA, and small variations (such as single nucleotide variation and < 50 bp fragment insertions/deletions) were validated using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Among the 51 patients, 49 (96.1% [49/51]) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the DMD gene. Among the 49 positive samples, 17 patients (34.7% [17/49]) had CNVs in the exon regions and 32 patients (65.3% [32/49]) had small variations. A total of six novel variants were identified: c.10916_10917del, c.1790T>A, c.1842del, c.5015del, c.5791_5792insCA, and exons 38-50 duplication. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of the DMD gene were detected in 49 patients (96.1% [49/51]), of which 6 variants (12.2% [6/49]) had not been previously reported. This study confirmed the value of NGS-based targeted sequencing for the DMD gene expanding the spectrum of variants in DMD, which may provide effective genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Santin R, Vieira IA, Nunes JC, Benevides ML, Quadros F, Brusius-Facchin AC, Macedo G, Bertoni APS. A novel DMD intronic alteration: a potentially disease-causing variant of an intermediate muscular dystrophy phenotype. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2021; 40:93-100. [PMID: 34355126 PMCID: PMC8290513 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in DMD gene, which encodes the well-known cytoskeletal protein named dystrophin, are associated with a wide range of dystrophinopathies disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, severe form), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD, mild form) and intermediate muscular dystrophy (IMD). Muscle biopsy, immunohistochemistry, molecular (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)/next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger methods) and in silico analyses were performed in order to identify alterations in DMD gene and protein in a patient with a clinical manifestation and with high creatine kinase levels. Herein, we described a previously unreported intronic variant in DMD and reduced dystrophin staining in the muscle biopsy. This novel DMD variant allele, c.9649+4A>T that was located in a splice donor site within intron 66. Sanger sequencing analysis from maternal DNA showed the presence of both variant c.9649+4A>T and wild-type (WT) DMD alleles. Different computational tools suggested that this nucleotide change might affect splicing through a WT donor site disruption, occurring in an evolutionarily conserved region. Indeed, we observed that this novel variant, could explain the reduced dystrophin protein levels and discontinuous sarcolemmal staining in muscle biopsy, which suggests that c.9649+4A>T allele may be re-classified as pathogenic in the future. Our data show that the c.9649+4A>T intronic sequence variant in the DMD gene may be associated with an IMD phenotype and our findings reinforce the importance of a more precise diagnosis combining muscle biopsy, molecular techniques and comprehensive in silico approaches in the clinical cases with negative results for conventional genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santin
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Igor Araujo Vieira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jean Costa Nunes
- Neurodiagnostic Brazil - Floranópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
- Departmento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Benevides
- Departmento de Neurologia, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Quadros
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Brusius-Facchin
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Macedo
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Medicina Personalizada, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang SM, Liu X, Gu YN, Feng Z. Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy revealed a novel mosaic mutation in Dystrophin gene: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:222. [PMID: 33176713 PMCID: PMC7661169 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophies (DMDs) are X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders with malfunction or absence of the Dystrophin protein. Precise genetic diagnosis is critical for proper planning of patient care and treatment. In this study, we described a Chinese family with mosaic DMD mutations and discussed the best method for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of X-linked familial disorders. METHODS We investigated all variants of the whole dystrophin gene using multiple DNA samples isolated from the affected family and identified two variants of the DMD gene in a sick boy and two female carriers by targeted next generation sequencing (TNGS), Sanger sequencing, and haplotype analysis. RESULTS We identified the hemizygous mutation c.6794delG (p.G2265Efs*6) of DMD in the sick boy, which was inherited from his mother. Unexpectedly, a novel heterozygous mutation c.6796delA (p.I2266Ffs*5) of the same gene, which was considered to be a de novo variant, was detected from his younger sister instead of his mother by Sanger sequencing. However, further NGS analysis of the mother and her amniotic fluid samples revealed that the mother carried a low-level mosaic c.6796delA mutation. CONCLUSIONS We reported two different mutations of the DMD gene in two siblings, including the novel mutation c.6796delA (p.I2266Ffs*5) inherited from the asymptomatic mosaic-carrier mother. This finding has enriched the knowledge of the pathogenesis of DMD. If no mutation is detected in obligate carriers, the administration of intricate STR/NGS/Sanger analysis will provide new ideas on the prenatal diagnosis of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technology, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Clinical Biobank Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technology, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - San Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technology, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technology, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya Nan Gu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technology, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, BaYi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technology, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Wonkam‐Tingang E, Nguefack S, Esterhuizen AI, Chelo D, Wonkam A. DMD-related muscular dystrophy in Cameroon: Clinical and genetic profiles. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1362. [PMID: 32543101 PMCID: PMC7434738 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the previous studies on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) were conducted in Caucasian, Asian, and Arab populations. Therefore, little is known about the features of this disease in Africans. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of DMD, and the common mutations associated with this condition in a group of Cameroonian patients. METHODS We recruited DMD patients and performed a general physical examination on each of them. Multiplex ligand-dependant probe amplification was carried out to investigate exon deletions and duplications in the DMD gene (OMIM: 300377) of patients and their mothers. RESULTS A total of 17 male patients from 14 families were recruited, aged 14 ± 5.1 (8-23) years. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 4.6 ± 1.5 years, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12.1 ± 5.2 years. Proximal muscle weakness was noted in all patients and calf hypertrophy in the large majority of them (88.2%; 15/17). Flexion contractures were particularly frequent on the ankle (85.7%; 12/14). Wasting of shoulder girdle and thigh muscles was present in 50% (6/12) and 46.2% (6/13) of patients, respectively. No patient presented with hearing impairment. Deletions in DMD gene (OMIM: 300377) occurred in 45.5% of patients (5/11), while duplications were observed in 27.3% (3/11). Both mutation types were clustered between exons 45 and 50, and the proportion of de novo mutation was estimated at 18.2% (2/11). CONCLUSION Despite the first symptoms of DMD occurring in infancy, the diagnosis is frequently made later in adolescence, indicating an underestimation of the number of cases of DMD in Cameroon. Future screening of deletions and duplications in patients from Cameroon should focus on the distal part of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Wonkam‐Tingang
- Division of Human GeneticsDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Séraphin Nguefack
- Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
- Paediatrics UnitDivision of Paediatric NeurologyGynaeco‐Obstetric and Paediatric HospitalYaoundéCameroon
| | - Alina I. Esterhuizen
- Division of Human GeneticsDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- National Health Laboratory ServiceGroote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - David Chelo
- Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Mother and Child HospitalYaoundéCameroon
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human GeneticsDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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[A predictive analysis of the association between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with Becker muscular dystrophy/Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22. [PMID: 32571459 PMCID: PMC7390220 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.1912133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)/Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease management, gene therapy, and prenatal diagnosis. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and gene detection results of 52 children with BMD/DMD. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect the DMD gene. The children with negative results of MLPA were further screened by exon chip capture combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mothers of 20 probands were validated by sequencing. RESULTS The pathogenic genes for BMD/DMD were detected in 50 children by MLPA and NGS, with a detection rate of 96%. Among the 52 children, 36 (69%) had gene deletion, 7 (13%) had duplication, and 7 (13%) had micromutation. Among the 43 children with deletion/duplication, 32 had DMD and 11 had BMD; 37 children (86%) met the reading frame rule, among whom 27 (96%) had DMD and 10 (67%) had BMD. All 7 children with micromutation had DMD. CONCLUSIONS The reading frame rule has an extremely high predictive value for DMD but a limited predictive value for BMD.
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Xu Y, Song T, Li Y, Guo F, Jin X, Cheng L, Zheng J, Li C, Zhang Y, Chen B, Zhang J. Identification of two novel insertion abnormal transcripts in two Chinese families affected with Dystrophinopathy. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23142. [PMID: 31793735 PMCID: PMC7171295 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive inheritance muscle dystrophy disease, associated with pathogenic variants in the DMD gene. MLPA, DHPLC and DMD sequence studies fail to found the causative alteration in two cases. This study intends to evaluate the disease‐causing mutations and explains the correlation genotype‐phenotype. Methods The mRNA analysis and Long‐range PCR with sequencing were used for molecular diagnosis. Results In case one, an insertion of 78 nucleotides between exons 40 and 41 (r.5739_5740insMN602429:r415_492) was identified in case one. The insertion sequences were highly homologous to the intron 40 (NG_012232.1:g.1001760_g.1001837). Long‐range PCR with sequencing analysis showed that a novel deep intronic DMD mutation (NG_012232.1:g.1001838A>G) was identified, generating a premature stop codon and terminating protein translation. The likely pathogenic mutation was detected in fetal sample. In case two, an insertion of 74 nucleotides which located inside the consensus sequence AG/GT was detected between exons 2 and 3 (r.93_94insMN584887:r61_134), which resulted in a premature stop codon. The insertion sequences were traceable in the intron 2 of DMD gene (NG_012232.1:g.415926_g.415999). We did not perform prenatal DMD gene diagnosis for case two due to lack of sufficient genetic information. Conclusion These findings clarify importance of proceeding to the mRNA analysis when no causative mutations were found neither by MLPA/DHPLC nor gene sequencing so as to reach the molecular confirmation of DMD and carry out an accurate genetic assessment/ carrier status testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fenfen Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Biliang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Xu Y, Li Y, Song T, Guo F, Zheng J, Xu H, Yan F, Cheng L, Li C, Chen B, Zhang J. A retrospective analysis of 237 Chinese families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy history and strategies of prenatal diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22445. [PMID: 29604111 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To offer 4-year clinical prenatal diagnosis experience of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHODS Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and Sanger sequencing were used for molecular diagnosis of 237 DMD families. RESULTS In the study, deletions, duplications, complex rearrangement and small mutations accounted for 47.3%, 8.4%, 1.7% and 42.6% of 237 families, respectively. Sixty-six different deletion patterns were identified in 112 families. Fourteen different duplication patterns were identified in 20 families and 4 complex rearrangements were identified. About 87.1% different small mutation patterns were identified, including 37.6% different nonsense mutation patterns, 24.8% different frameshift mutation patterns, 7.9% different missense mutation patterns, and 16.8% different splice site mutation patterns. There was no significant difference in the age of onset and mutation patterns (P > .05). The follow-up examinations revealed that the pregnancies of 14 cases were interrupted. Two cases were preterm births, 151 cases were delivered at term, 63 cases continued to pregnancy, and 7 cases were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION DHPLC and Sanger sequencing technique are efficient, sensitive, and specific in screening for DMD gene mutations. And pre-pregnancy DMD gene examination is an important step to assess mutation type of family with suspected DMD and guides exactly prenatal diagnosis in high-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fenfen Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Biliang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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