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Yin B, Wu P, Zhu Y, Zhou S, Bai Y, Ding L, Chen Y, Zhu B. Is SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing the Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus? Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:e427-e429. [PMID: 37523587 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Briciu V, Ionică AM, Flonta M, Almaș A, Muntean M, Topan A, Horvat M, Ungureanu L, Lupșe M. Toxoplasmosis Screening during Pregnancy in a Romanian Infectious Diseases Tertiary Center: Results of a 15 Years Follow-Up Program. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2189. [PMID: 37764033 PMCID: PMC10537741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy may have serious consequences for the fetus. In Romania, screening for toxoplasmosis is included in the first antenatal visit. A retrospective study was performed on all toxoplasmosis antenatal screening patients between May 2008 and February 2023. Twenty-seven thousand one hundred sixty-nine (27,169) pregnant women presented for prenatal screening once (22,858) or several times: during the same pregnancy (209) or during multiple pregnancies (4102). Thirty-one thousand six hundred fifty-eight (31,658) tests for IgM and IgG antibodies were performed. Nine thousand eighty-three (9083) tests (28.69%), corresponding to 7911 women (29.12%), were positive for IgG antibodies. The seroprevalence increased with patients' age, decreased in time intervals, and was more frequently associated with rural residence. At risk for acquiring the infection during the pregnancy were women with negative anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies (70.88%), but only 0.9% of them presented for rescreening during the same pregnancy. Acute Toxoplasma infection (ATI) was suspected in 44 patients (0.16%) due to IgG seroconversion and/or low or borderline IgG avidity. A questionnaire follow-up interview was performed, and no congenital toxoplasmosis was identified in children born from mothers with probable ATI. Our study demonstrates poor compliance with the screening program in the Romanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Briciu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Monica Ionică
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Flonta
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ariana Almaș
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Muntean
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Topan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Horvat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Ungureanu
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Lupșe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Chen Y, Zheng X, Huang X, Huang X, Zhang J. A retrospective study of air quality associated with teratogenic pathogen screening in women of reproductive age in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83615-83627. [PMID: 37347331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with a poor ambient atmospheric environment. Infections by teratogenic pathogens such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are the main cause of the worse pregnant outcomes. However, environmental factors governing these infections are uncertain and epidemiological studies are limited. An epidemiological study on relationships between air pollutants and antibodies against teratogenic pathogens will be explored. In total, 5475 women of childbearing age were enrolled in the study between January 2018 and December 2019 in a hospital in Shantou, China. Antibodies against pathogens were measured by electrochemical luminescence. Everyday air quality data, concerning particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other parameters, were acquired from a government web site, and the relationships between them were evaluated with nonparametric and multivariate linear regression analyses. Not only titers of herpes simplex virus HSV(I+II) IgGs in spring, but also titers of cytomegalovirus IgG (CMV IgG) and HSV I IgG in autumn, both had positive associations with concentrations of SO2. When PM2.5 or PM10 exposure is elevated, HSV(I+II) IgGs, TOX IgM should be paid more attention in spring or summer. Air pollution may be crucial for teratogenic pathogen infections. This study highlights air pollution could increase the risk of teratogenic pathogen infection, implying stronger measures should be taken to protect air environment and screenings of associated antibody should be strengthened in different season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Reyes-Ruiz JM, Manrique-Calvillo C, Martínez-Mier G, Servin-Monroy AO, Mota-García G, DE Maria Lugo-Miranda F, Villegas-Del Angel E, Zarate-Segura P, Bastida-Gonzalez F, Del Angel RM. Encephalitis Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Child With Chiari Malformation Type I. In Vivo 2023; 37:933-939. [PMID: 36881093 PMCID: PMC10026637 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM There is increasing evidence that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop neurological manifestations such as encephalitis. The purpose of this article was to present a case of viral encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 in a 14-year-old child with Chiari malformation type I. CASE REPORT The patient manifested frontal headache, nausea, vomiting, skin pallor, right side Babinski sign and was diagnosed with Chiari malformation type I. He was admitted with generalized seizures and suspected encephalitis. Brain inflammation and viral RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid suggested SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis. These findings indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 test in CSF of patients with neurological manifestations, confusion, and fever during the COVID-19 pandemic should be carried out even when there is no evidence of respiratory infection. To our knowledge, this presentation of encephalitis associated with COVID-19 has not yet been reported in a patient with a congenital syndrome such as Chiari malformation type I. CONCLUSION Further clinical data are needed to determine the complications of encephalitis due to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with Chiari malformation type I to standardize diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Región Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Claudia Manrique-Calvillo
- Departamento de Pediatria, Centro Médico Ecatepec del Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM), Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Mier
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arturo Osvaldo Servin-Monroy
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM), Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico
| | - Gilraed Mota-García
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Flor DE Maria Lugo-Miranda
- Unidad de Medicina Preventiva y Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Centro Médico Ecatepec del Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM), Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Paola Zarate-Segura
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Bastida-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Maria Del Angel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Assessment of seasonal pattern of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Laryngol Otol 2022; 137:515-519. [PMID: 35855639 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A seasonal trend of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss may direct research into possible aetiology. METHODS This study reviewed data from the medical records of patients who presented from 2004 to 2019 and who were diagnosed with new-onset idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Seasonal pattern was assessed using chi-square and Rayleigh tests, and further confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS The study included 740 patients with a mean age of 48.3 years and a median age of 49 years. There was no statistical evidence for a difference in the distribution of sensorineural hearing loss cases for the four seasons of each year or with the cumulative data. New-onset idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss cases averaged around 11 per month; there was no statistical evidence for a seasonal difference, as determined either by the Rayleigh test or with Monte Carlo simulation. CONCLUSION There was no evidence to support the claim that idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence displays a seasonal pattern. More research is necessary to explore potential external factors such as climate or infection.
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Deka S, Kalita D, Paul M, Badoni G, Mathuria YP. Seroprevalence and Determinants of ToRCH Pathogens in Pregnant Women in the Sub-Himalayan Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e21946. [PMID: 35273887 PMCID: PMC8902136 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toxoplasma gondii (TG), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and 2) cause mild maternal morbidity but have serious fetal consequences. The prevalence of these infections varies widely by country and population subgroup, and the paucity of data from the hilly state of Uttarakhand prompted us to undertake this study on their seroprevalence and association with potential risk factors. Methods Serum samples received from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, between January 2016 to December 2019 were tested for TG-, RV-, CMV, and HSV-specific IgM and IgG by capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The data were then analyzed to determine the seroprevalence of the major ToRCH infections (toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes), and Fisher’s exact test was applied to check association with potential risk factors. Results Out of 165 pregnant women who were screened for the four major ToRCH pathogens, overall seroprevalence was 41.2% for TG (IgM=13.3%; IgG=38.2%), 80.0% for RV (IgM=3.0%; IgG=80.0%), 61.8% for CMV (IgM=1.8%; IgG=61.8%), and 42.4% for HSV (IgM=4.3%; IgG=40.6). TG was significantly associated with increasing maternal age (p-value=0.007). The seropositivity of RV was maximum in the drier and windy months of January-March (p-value=0.004), while that of TG in the warmer months of April-June (p-value=0.03). HSV prevalence was comparatively more common in Muslim women (p-value=0.05). Women presenting with bad obstetric history (BOH) and multiparous women were at higher risk for TG-RV-HSV and TG-RV-CMV, respectively. Conclusion Considering the high prevalence and risk of ToRCH infections in this region, we suggest disease-specific screening based on maternal history. Recognition of the burden of ToRCH infections in pregnant women is vital in clinicians’ decisions and implementing control measures.
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Liu L, Wang P, Jiang SQ, Zhong ZR, Zhan TZ, Yang ZY, Zhang YN, Li C, Xu J, Xia CM. Seasonal variations and public search interests in Toxoplasma: a 16-year retrospective analysis of big data on Google Trends. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:878-885. [PMID: 33241272 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to understand whether there is a seasonal change in the internet search interest for Toxoplasma by using the data derived from Google Trends (GT). METHODS The present study searched for the relative search volume (RSV) for the search term 'Toxoplasma' in GT within six major English-speaking countries (Australia, New Zealand [Southern Hemisphere] and Canada, Ireland, the UK and the USA [Northern Hemisphere] from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2019, utilizing the category of 'health'. Data regarding the RSV of Toxoplasma was obtained and further statistical analysis was performed in R software using the 'season' package. RESULTS There were significantly seasonal patterns for the RSV of the search term 'Toxoplasma' in five countries (all p<0.05), except for the UK. A peak in December-March and a trough in July-September (Canada, Ireland, the UK and the USA) were observed, while a peak in June/August and a trough in December/February (Australia, New Zealand) were also found. Moreover, the presence of seasonal patterns regarding RSV for 'Toxoplasma' between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres was also found (both p<0.05), with a reversed meteorological month. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study revealed the seasonal variation for Toxoplasma in using internet search data from GT, providing additional evidence on seasonal patterns in Toxoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Qin Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Rong Zhong
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Zheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Yin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao-Ming Xia
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Wang J, Hu H, Liu X, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Jia Z, Chen L, Zhang C, Xie X, Zhong J, Dong Y, Liu J, Lu Y, Zhao Z, Zhai Y, Zhao J, Cao Z. Predictive values of various serum biomarkers in women with suspected preeclampsia: A prospective study. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23740. [PMID: 33616216 PMCID: PMC8128315 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) prediction has been shown to improve the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the PE prediction values of a series of serum biomarkers. METHODS The singleton pregnant women (20-36 gestational weeks) with PE-related clinical and/or laboratory presentations were recruited and had the blood drawn at their first visits. The following markers were tested with the collected serum samples: soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), thrombomodulin (TM), tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (tPAI-C), complement factors C1q, B, H, glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), uric acid (UA), and cystatin C (Cysc). RESULTS Of the 196 recruited subjects, 25% (n = 49) developed preeclampsia before delivery, and 75% remained preeclampsia negative (n = 147). The serum levels of sFlt-1, BUN, Cre, UA, Cysc, and PAPP-A2 were significantly elevated, and the PlGF level was significantly decreased in the preeclampsia-positive patients. In the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses, the area under the curves were listed in the order of decreasing values: 0.73 (UA), 0.67 (sFlt-1/PlGF), 0.66 (Cysc), 0.65 (GlyFn/PlGF), 0.64 (PAPP-A2/PlGF), 0.63 (BUN), 0.63 (Cre), and 0.60 (PAPP-A2). The positive predictive values of these serum markers were between 33.1% and 58.5%, and the negative predictive values were between 80.9% and 89.5%. CONCLUSIONS The serum markers investigated in current study showed better performance in ruling out than ruling in PE. Absence of pre-defined latency period between blood draw and the onset of PE limits the clinical utility of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honghai Hu
- Guangzhou Kangrun Biotech Co. Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Jia
- Department of Information and Statistics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhong
- Scientific & Application Division, Sysmex Shanghai Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Hospital Administration Office, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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The role of serum specific- SARS-CoV-2 antibody in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107325. [PMID: 33401205 PMCID: PMC7759121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread, resulting in considerable casualties and serious economic loss worldwide. Disease severity and related symptoms markedly vary among individuals. A large number of patients present atypical symptoms, which represent a big challenge for early diagnosis and prompt infection source isolation. Currently, COVID-19 diagnosis predominantly depends on nucleic acid tests (NAT) for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens, but this method presents a high rate of false negative results. Therefore, serum antibody measurement has been rapidly developed as a supplementary method with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy. Further, serum antibody levels might help to identify the infection stage, asymptomatic carriers, and patients with diverging severities and to monitor convalescent plasma therapy. In the current review, we aim to present comprehensive evidence to clarify the utility of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a reference for use in the clinic.
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Warnecke JM, Pollmann M, Borchardt-Lohölter V, Moreira-Soto A, Kaya S, Sener AG, Gómez-Guzmán E, Figueroa-Hernández L, Li W, Li F, Buska K, Zakaszewska K, Ziolkowska K, Janz J, Ott A, Scheper T, Meyer W. Seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious pathogens in women of childbearing age residing in Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Poland, Turkey and China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e271. [PMID: 33124529 PMCID: PMC7689786 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of antibodies against ToRCH antigens at the beginning of pregnancy allows assessment of both the maternal immune status and the risks to an adverse pregnancy outcome. Age-standardised seroprevalences were determined in sera from 1009 women of childbearing age residing in Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Poland, Turkey or China using a multiparametric immunoblot containing antigen substrates for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis, parvovirus B19, Treponema pallidum and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Seroprevalences for antibodies against HSV-1 were >90% in samples from Brazil and Turkey, whereas the other four countries showed lower mean age-adjusted seroprevalences (range: 62.5-87.9%). Samples from Brazilian women showed elevated seroprevalences of antibodies against HSV-2 (40.1%), C. trachomatis (46.8%) and B. pertussis (56.6%) compared to the other five countries. Seroprevalences of anti-T. gondii antibodies (0.5%) and anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies (7.5%) were low in samples from Chinese women, compared to the other five countries. Samples from German women revealed a low age-standardised seroprevalence of anti-CMV antibodies (28.8%) compared to the other five countries. These global differences in immune status of women in childbearing age advocate country-specific prophylaxis strategies to avoid infection with ToRCH pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Warnecke
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M. Pollmann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - V. Borchardt-Lohölter
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A. Moreira-Soto
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Kaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A. G. Sener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - E. Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Science and Biotechnology, INOCHEM S.A. DE C.V., Col. San Miguel Ajusco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L. Figueroa-Hernández
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Immunology and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - W. Li
- EUROIMMUN Medical Diagnostics China Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - F. Li
- EUROIMMUN Medical Diagnostics China Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - K. Buska
- EUROIMMUN Polska Sp. z.o.o., Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - K. Ziolkowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, K. Marcinkowski Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J. Janz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A. Ott
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T. Scheper
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - W. Meyer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
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Qi Y, Zhu S, Li C, Wu H, Yue H, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Ma J, Feng Z, Kong H, Cai X, Ruan Q. Seroepidemiology of TORCH antibodies in the reproductive-aged women in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:114-118. [PMID: 32957008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TORCH, the acronym of Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), others, rubella virus (RUV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a major contributor to congenital infection. National population-based study on the seroepidemiology of TORCH in women is yet lacking, and it is still obscure whether TORCH infection in the women was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A total of 48,406 asymptomatic women from eight hospitals in China which covered the most areas of mainland China were enrolled in this study, and 26,400 were simultaneously subjected to 7 detection tests for TORCH specific antibodies. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was performed to detect TORCH Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and/or Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, and IgG avidities of TOX and CMV IgM and IgG positive serum samples. The overall IgG prevalence of TOX, RUV, CMV and HSV-(1 + 2) in the reproductive-aged women was 1.71 %, 81.97 %, 95.09 % and 90.15 % respectively. The corresponding IgM prevalence of TOX, RUV and CMV was 0.30 %, 0.89 % and 0.52 %. Moreover, the rates of primary TOX and CMV infections were at least 0.08 % (21/26,400) and 0.03 % (7/26,400) in the studied population. The distributions of TORCH positive women in various age, season and region groups were different (P < 0.05). The CMV IgM-positive rate was higher in the pregnant women than those in non-pregnant women (P < 0.05). The higher past infection rates of RUV, CMV and HSV in women with bad obstetric history (BOH) imply that TORCH infections are associated with BOH. These data suggest that TORCH infections in the prenatal women, especially with BOH, are worthwhile to be screened by detections of specific IgG and IgM antibodies, and even IgG avidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- Virology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Medicial Genetics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Women and Children Health, Chengdu, 610061, PR China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, PR China
| | - Huakui Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- Department of Medicial Genetics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Women and Children Health, Chengdu, 610061, PR China
| | - Zhenru Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Hui Kong
- Central Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Xushan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, 201899, PR China
| | - Qiang Ruan
- Virology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
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Hou J, Liu J, Fan Y, Zheng H, Zhao H, Yang J, Yan J, Ma Y, Liu X, Li J, Jia X, Chen P. High prevalence of breastmilk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection in jaundiced infants. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23199. [PMID: 31997475 PMCID: PMC7031563 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and different diagnostic methods of breastmilk (BM)‐acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a pathologically jaundiced cohort. Methods A total of 400 infants confirmed with pathological jaundice at The People's Hospital of Qingyang City were screened for BM‐acquired CMV infection between February 2018 and February 2019. A total of 300 infants were finally enrolled in our study. CMV infection was confirmed by detecting both CMV‐DNA in various samples using FQ‐PCR and CMV‐IgM with chemiluminescence. Clinical and other laboratory data were collected from these infants during their hospitalization or regular visits. Results Ninety‐eight (32.67%) subjects were confirmed to be BM CMV‐DNA–positive, and 18 (18.37%) were diagnosed with a BM‐acquired CMV infection. All 18 (100%) infants with a BM‐acquired CMV infection were CMV‐DNA–positive in urine, while 5 (27.78%) cases and 11 (61.11%) cases were confirmed in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), respectively. Only 6 (33.33%) infants were CMV‐IgM–positive. Birthweight, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and the viral load in BM of the BM‐acquired CMV group were higher than those in the non‐infected group (P < .05). Low birthweight and viral load in BM were risk factors for BM‐acquired CMV infection. Detecting CMV‐DNA in urine samples exhibited better performance than the other methods for screening BM‐acquired CMV infections. Conclusions Our study found a high prevalence of BM‐acquired CMV infection in jaundiced infants, and detecting CMV‐DNA in a urine sample was the most sensitive method for disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Yingfang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Xiaoni Jia
- Department of Neonatology, The People Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen L, Liu J, Shi L, Song Y, Song Y, Gao Y, Dong Y, Li L, Shen M, Zhai Y, Cao Z. Seasonal influence on TORCH infection and analysis of multi-positive samples with indirect immunofluorescence assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22828. [PMID: 30666721 PMCID: PMC6528586 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TORCH including the pathogens of Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes intrauterine infections and poses a worldwide threat to women especially in pregnancy. In this study, we described the seasonal difference in TORCH infection and analyzed the anti‐TORCH IgM multipositive serum samples by the indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). Methods To observe the seasonal influence of the anti‐TORCH IgG and IgM antibodies, a retrospective study was conducted with 10 669 women (20–40 y old) before pregnancy from August 2016 to July 2017. Totally 199 ELISA anti‐TORCH IgM multipositive serum samples were further tested by IFAs for false‐positive analysis. Results The prevalence of positive HSV1‐IgM, RV‐IgM, HSV2‐IgM, CMV‐IgM, and TOX‐IgM in the present population was 6.30%, 2.55%, 1.94%, 1.24%, and 0.67%, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of positive RV‐IgM, CMV‐IgM, and HSV1‐IgM was statistically different among four seasons, with the highest positive rates of RV‐IgM (4.12%) in autumn, CMV‐IgM (1.75%) in summer, and HSV1‐IgM (7.53%) in winter. The confirmatory IFAs showed that the positive rates of RUV‐IgM, CMV‐IgM, and HSV2‐IgM were significantly different from those in ELISA screening experiments. Interestingly, only 32.7% (65/199) of the TORCH IgM multipositive results were consistent with those by the IFA, indicating that cross‐reaction caused false positives were common in ELISA IgM antibody screening. Conclusion The TORCH infection displayed different prevalence among four seasons in our 12‐month retrospective study. The IgM multipositives by ELISA screening may need further confirmation analysis due to its relatively high cross‐reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Reference Laboratory, Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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