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Smith OE, Mills JS, Samson L. Out of the loop: Taking a one-week break from social media leads to better self-esteem and body image among young women. Body Image 2024; 49:101715. [PMID: 38692094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study experimentally tested the effects of taking a one-week break from social media (SM) on body image and self-esteem among young women. Female undergraduate students (N = 66) were randomly assigned to either take a one-week break from SM or continue their normal use (control condition). State self-esteem and body satisfaction were measured at baseline (Time 1) and one week later (Time 2). As predicted, participants in the break condition reported higher body satisfaction and higher state self-esteem (total, performance, social, and appearance domains) at Time 2 than did those in the control condition, controlling for Time 1 scores. The benefits of taking a break from SM on body satisfaction were especially pronounced for women with higher baseline levels of thin-ideal internalization. The findings demonstrate the short-term benefits of taking a break from SM for one week on self-esteem and body image among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Smith
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Mills
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Samson
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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2
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Lewis-Smith H, Garbett K, Chaudhry A, Uglik-Marucha N, Vitoratou S, Dhillon M, Shroff H, Diedrichs PC. Adaptation and validation of the Internalisation-General subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) in English among urban Indian adolescents. Body Image 2021; 36:254-262. [PMID: 33401203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have validated body image related measures in Asian countries, including in India, thus stunting research progress. To provide a robust method of assessing internalisation of cultural appearance ideals, the purpose of this study was to validate a culturally appropriate English version of the Internalisation-General subscale from the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Attitudes Questionnaire-3 among a school sample of 1,432 urban Indian adolescents (Mage = 12.9 years; 44 % girls). Exploratory factor analyses revealed a one-factor solution for both girls and boys. Analyses indicated a six-item scale for girls and a four-item scale for boys; both of which were verified by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was high for both female (.88) and male scales (.87), and convergent validity was confirmed via significant correlations with measures of body esteem and disordered eating. Using the items which were common in both the male and female versions of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis supported a psychometrically sound model that was gender invariant, and thus can be used to assess and compare both genders. Overall, results support the reliability and validity of the Internalisation-General subscale among English-speaking urban Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lewis-Smith
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Kirsty Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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3
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Barra JV, Silva WRD, Marôco J, Campos JADB. [Cross-cultural adaptation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-4 (SATAQ-4) applied to university students]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 35:e00170218. [PMID: 31116253 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-4 (SATAQ-4) to the Portuguese language and assess its validity and reliability when applied to Brazilian students. Face, content, and pretest validity were assessed. In order to assess the levels of misunderstanding, a pretest was performed with 91 students from three Portuguese-speaking countries (25 Brazilians, 37 Portuguese, and 29 Mozambicans). Construct validity was estimated using a confirmatory strategy with chi-square by degrees of freedom ratio (χ²/df), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The reliability was estimated. Invariance was estimated for independent samples, for sex and presence/absence of overweight/obesity. Students participating in the pretest understood all the items in SATAQ-4. Participation in the main study included 1,051 Brazilian university students (age = 20.9 years (SD = 2.4), 66.4% women). SATAQ-4 presented adequate validity (χ²/df = 8.39; CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.08) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84-0.95) in the sample. The model showed invariance between independent samples and was not invariant according to sex or presence/absence of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, SATAQ-4 is a valid and reliable instrument for a sample of Brazilian university students, as an alternative for assessing sociocultural attitudes towards appearance in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Valério Barra
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - João Marôco
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa, Portugal
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Góngora VC, Cruz Licea V, Mebarak Chams MR, Thornborrow T. Assessing the measurement invariance of a Latin-American Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in Mexican, Argentinean, and Colombian adolescents. Body Image 2020; 32:180-189. [PMID: 31982840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to advance in the study of positive body image among different cultures, it is important to create culturally appropriate measures. We examined the psychometric properties of a Latin-American Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a), specifically assessing measurement invariance using a large sample of 3845 male and female adolescents from Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia. Participants completed the BAS-2, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Male Body Attitude Scale and the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3. The BAS-2 had a unidimensional factor structure in each of the three samples. We confirmed the structural, metric, and scalar invariance of the scale regardless of gender or country. Adolescents in Argentina had lower body appreciation compared with those in Mexico and Colombia. Overall, females had lower body appreciation than males, with the greatest gender difference found in the Argentinean sample. Our findings strongly support the validity and reliability of this Latin-American translation of the BAS-2 in measuring positive body image in adolescents in Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa C Góngora
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Psychology, Social Science Faculty, Universidad de Palermo, Mario Bravo 1259, Buenos Aires, C1175ABW, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Cruz Licea
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad universitaria 3000, Col. Copilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, City of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Moises R Mebarak Chams
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Km 5, Antigua vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Tracey Thornborrow
- Person Perception Lab, School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, 8 Brayford Wharf E, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, United Kingdom.
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Mebarak Chams M, Tinoco L, Mejia-Rodriguez D, Martinez-Banfi ML, Preuss H, Hammerle F, Vélez JI, Kolar DR. The Spanish Body Image State Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity in a Colombian Population. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2553. [PMID: 31824372 PMCID: PMC6883919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body image is a construct highly dependent on culture and ethnicity. Furthermore, recent studies reveal that body image is not only a trait, but also a momentary state subject to change in diverse situational contexts. However, cultural influences on momentary body image have not been sufficiently investigated. To assess the influence of Latin American culture on momentary body image and to enable its comparison to Western countries, the Spanish translation of an existing state body image scale such as the Body Image States Scale (BISS) is needed. In addition, the factor structure, reliability and general validity of the Spanish BISS (S-BISS) should be evaluated prior to its application in diverse situational contexts. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating 1137 individuals between the ages of 18 and 28 years from Barranquilla, Colombia, South America. The original BISS, which assesses body satisfaction, was translated from English to Spanish. Factorial structure, scale score reliability and convergent/divergent validity were assessed. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a one-factor model with correlated items best described the factorial structure present in the BISS questionnaire. The coefficient of scale score reliability was α = 0.92 (McDonalds ω = 0.93), with similar results for men and women. Significant differences between males and females were found with lesser body satisfaction in females (W = 163260, p = 0.016). Lower S-BISS scores indicating less body satisfaction were associated with higher BMI (r = -0.287, p < 0.001) and obtained in participants who were currently on a diet (t 1135 = -3.98, p < 0.001). The S-BISS was negatively correlated with a trait body image measurement assessing body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire, r = -0.577, p < 0.001) and a psychopathology questionnaire (Brief Symptom Inventory 53, r = -0.331, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The S-BISS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess body image in the Colombian population, and exhibits similar psychometric properties to those of the original version. Future studies should examine whether the S-BISS captures change in state body image when applied in diverse situational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dania Mejia-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha L. Martinez-Banfi
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Hanna Preuss
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Hammerle
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - David R. Kolar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Efficacy of a prevention program for eating disorders in schools: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:293. [PMID: 28800753 PMCID: PMC5553667 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous prevention programs in the school context have not addressed both genders, have been time-consuming, or have had deficits in the evaluation method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a universal prevention program for female and male adolescents on eating disorder pathology and related risk factors. METHODS Between February 2012 and July 2014, 2515 students in 23 schools from 8th or 11th grade were assessed for eligibility in this longitudinal cluster-randomized controlled trial with a six months follow-up. Of those students, 2342 were cluster-randomized to the intervention condition which received a six school hours universal prevention program or to the no treatment control condition. RESULTS The complete case population comprised 724 students in the intervention (54.3% female, M = 14.3 years, SD = 1.61) and 728 in the control condition (57.0% female, M = 14.7 years, SD = 1.63). Random-effects analysis of covariance on the primary outcome showed no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in their eating disorder pathology change scores six months after the intervention. Regarding secondary outcomes, participants in the intervention group showed a greater increase in knowledge about eating disorders both after the intervention (p < .001, ES = 1.06) and six months later (p = .01, ES = 0.40). Greater reductions in anxiety severity were observed in the intervention group post-intervention (p = .02, ES = 0.22) which was not maintained at the six months follow-up. Results differed between participants from grade 8 and 11. CONCLUSION The present universal prevention program can be particularly recommended for adolescents from grade 11. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 97989348.
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Perera MJ, Brintz CE, Birnbaum-Weitzman O, Penedo FJ, Gallo LC, Gonzalez P, Gouskova N, Isasi CR, Navas-Nacher EL, Perreira KM, Roesch SC, Schneiderman N, Llabre MM. Factor structure of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS) across English and Spanish language responders in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Psychol Assess 2017; 29:320-328. [PMID: 27280744 PMCID: PMC5148735 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread use, psychometric investigation of the original English and translated Spanish versions of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) has been limited among the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population. The present study examined the factor structure, factorial invariance, and reliability and validity of PSS scores from English and Spanish versions using data from 5,176 Hispanics/Latinos who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. The total sample and language multigroup confirmatory factor analyses supported a bifactor model with all 10 PSS items loading on a general perceived stress factor, and the 4 reverse-worded items also loading on a reverse-worded factor. Internal consistency ranged from .68 to .78, and it was indicated that reliable variance exists beyond the general perceived stress factor. The model displayed configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance across language groups. Convergent validity analyses indicated that both the general perceived stress factor and the reverse-worded factor were related to scores of depression, anxiety, and anger in the expected directions. The reverse-worded factor added to the validity of the PSS beyond the general perceived stress factor. The total computed score of the PSS can be recommended for use with Hispanics/Latinos in the United States that complete the measure in English or Spanish and the reverse-worded factor can enhance prediction. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank J. Penedo
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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8
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Yamamiya Y, Shimai S, Schaefer LM, Thompson JK, Shroff H, Sharma R, Ordaz DL. Psychometric properties and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) with a sample of Japanese adolescent girls. Body Image 2016; 19:89-97. [PMID: 27636160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) is a 22-item five-factor measure that assesses thin- and muscular-ideal internalization as well as appearance-related pressures from peers, family, and media. The scale has been validated in Western cultures, but has not yet been examined in Eastern samples. Two studies were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the SATAQ-4 among 946 Japanese adolescent girls. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis of the SATAQ-4 indicated that the five-factor structure was largely replicated with the exception of two cross-loading items. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit for the full 22-item and reduced 20-item versions of the measure. SATAQ-4 subscales exhibited good internal consistency and were correlated in the expected direction with experiences of appearance teasing, strategies to lose and/or gain weight, and drive for muscularity. Overall, results support the reliability and validity of the SATAQ-4 among Japanese adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamamiya
- Temple University Japan Campus, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - S Shimai
- Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - L M Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J K Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H Shroff
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - R Sharma
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - D L Ordaz
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Llorente E, Gleaves DH, Warren CS, Pérez-de-Eulate L, Rakhkovskaya L. Translation and validation of a Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:170-5. [PMID: 24616068 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to create a Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) and examine its factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity in a sample of women from Spain. METHOD Two hundred and sixty female college students from Spain completed the Spanish version of the SATAQ-4 and measures for eating pathology. RESULTS Internal consistency was high; data from EFA and CFA supported the original five-factor structure; and results showed good convergent validity with measures of body-image and eating problems. DISCUSSION Results strongly support the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of SATAQ-4 and its use to examine perceived pressure for thinness from parents, peers and the media; and thin- and muscular/athletic-ideal internalization in Spanish-speaking adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Llorente
- Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, C/Juan Ibáñez de Santo Domingo, 1, 01006 Vitoria, Álava, Guipúzcoa, Spain
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10
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Villarreal A, Markman J. Spanish Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R). PAIN MEDICINE 2014; 15:876-7. [DOI: 10.1111/pme.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Self-concept clarity, thin-ideal internalization, and appearance-related social comparison as predictors of body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2013; 10:495-500. [PMID: 23809858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations among self-concept clarity, thin-ideal internalization, appearance-related social comparison tendencies, and body dissatisfaction. Female university students (N=278) completed self-report measures of these constructs. Structural equation modeling revealed several key findings: (a) thin-ideal internalization mediated the link between appearance-related social comparison tendencies and body dissatisfaction; (b) self-concept clarity was negatively associated with both thin-ideal internalization and appearance-related social comparison tendencies; and (c) thin-ideal internalization mediated the link between self-concept clarity and body dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that low self-concept clarity might contribute to body image problems because it increases women's vulnerability to thin-ideal internalization and appearance-related social comparison tendencies.
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Warren CS, Gleaves DH, Rakhkovskaya LM. Score reliability and factor similarity of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) among four ethnic groups. J Eat Disord 2013; 1:14. [PMID: 24999395 PMCID: PMC4081787 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the score reliability and equivalence of factor structure of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) [1] in a sample of female college students from the four largest ethnic groups in the USA. METHODS Participants were 1245 women who self-identified as European American/White (n = 543), African American/Black (n = 137), Asian American (n = 317), or Latina/Hispanic (n = 248). All completed the SATAQ-3 and a demographic questionnaire. To test the factor similarity and score reliability across groups, we used exploratory factor analysis and calculated Cronbach's alphas (respectively). RESULTS Score reliability was high for all groups. Tests of factor equivalence suggested that the four pre-established factors of the SATAQ-3 (i.e., knowledge, perceived pressure, thin-ideal internalization, athletic-ideal internalization) were similar for women of all ethnic groups. Only two items (20 and 27) did not consistently load on the previously identified scale across all four groups. When scored, African Americans reported significantly less perceived pressure and internalization than all other groups. CONCLUSIONS Results support the use of the SATAQ-3 in female college students of these four ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney S Warren
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - David H Gleaves
- University of South Australia, Fenn Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Liya M Rakhkovskaya
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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