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Sprio V, Mirra L, Madeddu F, Lopez-Castroman J, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Di Pierro R, Calati R. Can clinical and subclinical forms of narcissism be considered risk factors for suicide-related outcomes? A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:307-333. [PMID: 38437765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and subclinical forms of narcissism may increase suicide risk. However, little is known and there are controversies on this topic. This systematic review aims at providing an overview of studies investigating this association. METHODS We used PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases and followed PRISMA. We focused on cohort, case-control, cross-sectional and case series studies. We referred to both clinical (i.e., narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and/or NPD criteria) and subclinical forms (i.e., grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic traits) of narcissism. Moreover, we considered: Suicidal Ideation (SI), Non-Suicidal Self-Injury(s) (NSSI), Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH), Suicide Attempt(s) (SA), Suicide Risk (SR), and Capability for Suicide. RESULTS We included 47 studies. Lack of association between NPD diagnosis/criteria and suicide-related outcomes (SI) or mixed results (SA) were found. Higher homogeneity emerged when considering narcissistic traits. Vulnerable narcissism was associated with SI, less impulsive NSSI, and DSH. Grandiose narcissism was associated with severe NSSI and multiple SA with high intent to die, but it was protective against SI and SR. Vulnerable narcissism seemed to be associated with suicide-related outcomes characterized by low intent to die, while grandiose narcissism seemed to be a risk factor for outcomes with high planning and severity. LIMITATIONS Between-study heterogeneity and lack of longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS Assessing suicide risk in subjects with clinical or subclinical forms of narcissism may be useful. Moreover, considering the most vulnerable form of narcissism, and not just the grandiose one, may contribute to a more nuanced risk stratification and to the identification of distinct therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sprio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Mirra
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France; Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; PSNREC, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
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Rudan D, Marčinko D, Degmečić D, Jakšić N. Scarcity of research on psychological or psychiatric states using validated questionnaires in low- and middle-income countries: A ChatGPT-assisted bibliometric analysis and national case study on some psychometric properties. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04102. [PMID: 37781994 PMCID: PMC10543016 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is vital to assess whether research on psychological or psychiatric states using validated questionnaires is still lagging in low- and middle-income countries and to what degree, and to continue to assess the psychometric properties of the most informative questionnaires. Methods We performed a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science Core Collection for all years to determine the number of studies performed in each country that used an inventory or a questionnaire on aggression, anxiety, depression, borderline personality, narcissism, self-harm, shame, or childhood trauma. We conducted a simple observational analysis of distributions by countries to derive the main overall conclusions, assisted by ChatGPT to test its ability to summarise and interpret this type of information. We also carried out a study in Croatia to examine some psychometric properties of five commonly used questionnaires, using Cronbach's α coefficient and zero-order correlations. Results We observed a concentration of research activity in a few high-income countries, primarily the United States and several European nations, suggesting a robust research infrastructure and a strong emphasis on studying psychological and psychiatric states within their population. In contrast, low- and middle-income countries were notably under-represented in research on psychological and psychiatric states, although the gap seems to be closing in some countries. Turkey, Iran, Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, India, Malaysia and Pakistan have been consistently contributing an increasing number of studies and catching up with the most research-intensive high-income countries. The national case study in Croatia confirmed adequate psychometric properties of the most frequently used questionnaires. Conclusions Addressing research gaps in low- and middle-income countries is crucial, because relying solely on research from high-income countries may not fully capture the nuances of psychological and psychiatric states within diverse populations. To bridge this gap, it is essential to prioritise mental health research in low-resource settings, provide training and resources to local researchers, and establish international collaborations. Such efforts can lead to the development of culturally valid questionnaires, an improved understanding of psychological and psychiatric states in diverse contexts, and the creation of effective interventions to promote mental well-being on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duško Rudan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Marčinko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Degmečić
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Di Pierro R, Costantini G, Fanti E, Di Sarno M, Preti E, Madeddu F, Clarkin JF, Caligor E, De Panfilis C. Measurement Invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory and Multimethod Examination of Narcissistic Presentations in Community and Clinical Samples. Assessment 2023; 30:1391-1406. [PMID: 35699415 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) is extensively used in recent empirical literature on pathological narcissism. However, most studies using the PNI are community-based, and no studies have used the PNI to investigate narcissistic presentations in personality disordered patients. This study investigates measurement invariance of the PNI in community participants and patients with personality disorders, and examines differences of narcissistic presentations in these samples through a multimethod approach. Results show that the PNI can be used reliably to measure and compare traits of pathological narcissism in community participants and patients with personality disorders. Personality disordered patients show higher traits reflecting vulnerable narcissism and overt manifestations of grandiose narcissism, compared with controls. Finally, network analysis indicates that traits of grandiose fantasies and entitlement rage have a central role in defining manifestations of PNI pathological narcissism, regardless of the presence of an underlying personality disorder. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Pierro
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Preti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy
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Malaeb D, Asan AE, Fekih-Romdhane F, Azzi V, El Dine AS, Hallit S, Pincus AL. Validation of the pathological narcissistic inventory (PNI) and its brief form (B-PNI) in the Arabic language. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 36922814 PMCID: PMC10018913 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) is a multidimensional measure developed to assess narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability. We aimed to validate the Arabic version of the original Pathological Narcissistic Inventory (PNI) and its brief form (B-PNI) in a community sample of Lebanese adults. METHODS The English language PNI items were translated into Arabic following a rigorous translation, back-translation, and linguistic evaluation. A total of 401 participants were administered the translated PNI, as well as previously validated Arabic versions of the Big Five Inventory-2, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Impulsivity-8 Scale. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory analyses supported the existence of seven first-order and two second-order factors of the PNI and B-PNI. Except for exploitativeness where females scored lower than males, no other significant differences by gender were observed for the remaining PNI subscale scores. Additionally, scores on all the subscales exhibited good reliability, while the associations with external measures supported the concurrent validity of the translated instrument. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that scores on the PNI and B-PNI are highly reliable with satisfactory concurrent and factorial validity, providing an assessment of broadly defined pathological narcissism among the Lebanese young adult population. The availability of the Arabic PNI and its brief form should facilitate improved understanding of pathological narcissism in Arabic cultures and the different factors that govern narcissistic personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Malaeb
- grid.411884.00000 0004 1762 9788College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A. Esin Asan
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- grid.414302.00000 0004 0622 0397The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vanessa Azzi
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Abir Sarray El Dine
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- grid.512933.f0000 0004 0451 7867Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- grid.411423.10000 0004 0622 534XApplied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aaron L. Pincus
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Kealy D, Laverdière O, Cox DW, Hewitt PL. Childhood emotional neglect and depressive and anxiety symptoms among mental health outpatients: the mediating roles of narcissistic vulnerability and shame. J Ment Health 2023; 32:24-32. [PMID: 33084445 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1836557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theorized to stem from experiences of childhood emotional neglect, narcissistic vulnerability has been identified as contributing to expressions of psychiatric distress such as depressive and anxiety symptoms, particularly due to shame-proneness. AIMS To investigate narcissistic vulnerability and shame as mediators between perceived childhood emotional neglect and depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms among psychiatric outpatients. METHODS Adults (N = 137) attending community mental health services completed self-report measures at intake. Mediation analyses tested the indirect effect of perceived emotional neglect on depressive and generalized anxiety symptom severity through narcissistic vulnerability; shame was added to subsequent models to examine narcissistic vulnerability and shame as sequential mediators. RESULTS Perceived emotional neglect was significantly associated with narcissistic vulnerability, which in turn was linked with depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms as separate dependent variables. Indirect effects were significant in each model, indicating narcissistic vulnerability as a significant mediator. With the inclusion of shame, narcissistic vulnerability and shame were significant as sequential mediators. CONCLUSION Narcissistic vulnerability and shame may operate as mechanisms in conferring affective symptom severity from perceived childhood emotional neglect. Narcissistic vulnerability and susceptibility to shame may thus be important treatment targets when addressing psychological distress in the context of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivier Laverdière
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Daniel W Cox
- Counselling Psychology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul L Hewitt
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Jauk E, Ulbrich L, Jorschick P, Höfler M, Kaufman SB, Kanske P. The nonlinear association between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: An individual data meta-analysis. J Pers 2022; 90:703-726. [PMID: 34860434 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Narcissism can manifest in grandiose and vulnerable patterns of experience and behavior. While largely unrelated in the general population, individuals with clinically relevant narcissism are thought to display both. Our previous studies showed that trait measures of grandiosity and vulnerability were unrelated at low-to-moderate levels of grandiose narcissism, but related at high levels. METHOD We replicate and extend these findings in a preregistered individual data meta-analysis ("mega-analysis") using data from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)/Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS; N = 10,519, k = 28) and the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI; N = 7,738, k = 17). RESULTS There was strong evidence for the hypothesis in the FFNI (βGrandiose < 1 SD = .08, βGrandiose > 1 SD = .36, βGrandiose > 2 SD = .53), and weaker evidence in the NPI/HSNS (βGrandiose < 1 SD = .00, βGrandiose > 1 SD = .12, βGrandiose > 2 SD = .32). Nonlinearity increased with age but was invariant across other moderators. Higher vulnerability was predicted by elevated antagonistic and low agentic narcissism at subfactor level. CONCLUSION Narcissistic vulnerability increases at high levels of grandiosity. Interpreted along Whole Trait Theory, the effects are thought to reflect state changes echoing in trait measures and can help to link personality and clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Jauk
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Ulbrich
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Jorschick
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Höfler
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Jakšić N, Marčinko D, Bjedov S, Mustač F, Bilić V. Personality Organization and Depressive Symptoms Among Psychiatric Outpatients: The Mediating Role of Shame. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:590-595. [PMID: 35152243 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Previous research has demonstrated relations between lower level of personality organization (PO) and multiple indices of mental health disturbances. The goal of this research was to examine whether experience of shame would mediate the relationship between PO and depressive symptoms in a sample of 321 Croatian psychiatric outpatients (64% female; mean age, 38.67 years). The total PO level exhibited positive associations with depressive symptoms and with all three subscales of shame ( p < 0.01). Characterological, behavioral, and bodily shame showed significant mediating effects in the PO-depression relationship, while controlling for the influence of age and sex. PO level seems to be strongly related to depressive disturbances, with the experience of shame representing one of the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. Given that patients with personality disorders ( i.e. , low PO level) suffer from poorer treatment outcomes for major mental disorders, more emphasis should be placed on psychotherapeutic management of shame-proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb
| | | | - Sarah Bjedov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb
| | - Filip Mustač
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb
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Gonçalves AP, Machado GM, Pianowski G, Carvalho LDF. Using Pathological Traits for the Assessment of Suicide Risk: A Suicide Indicator Proposal for the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v31n1.85513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the discriminative capacity of IDCP-2 factors to identify people with suicide risk. Moreover, we are providing a suicide total score for IDCP-2. Participeted 346 people aged between 18 and 72 years who responded to ASIQ, IDCP-2, and PID-5. We divided participants into three groups: low-risk group moderate-risk and high-risk group. We conducted mean comparisons, linear regression analysis, and ROC curve verification. The IDCP-2 factors were able to discriminate between the groups, with the high-risk presenting the highest means. The regression indicated Self-devaluation and Hopelessness as variables with a significant single contribution in explaining suicidal behavior. Suicide risk indicators demonstrated adequate performance in identifying people according to the risk group. Our findings indicate that the IDCP-2 factors can discriminate groups of people according to suicidal behavior. Besides, the index developed showed sensitivity in the identification of people who reported attempted suicide.
How to cite this article: Gonçalves, A.P., Machado, G.M., Pianowski, G., Carvalho, L.F. Using pathological traits for the assessment of suicide risk: a suicide indicator proposal for the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 31 (1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v31n1.85513
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Marčinko D, Jakšić N, Šimunović Filipčić I, Mustač F. Contemporary psychological perspectives of personality disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:497-502. [PMID: 34292181 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to review the recent literature on contemporary psychological perspectives of personality disorders, including novel psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at these vulnerable individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Among the various psychological theories and models of personality disorders, still the most popular and researched are psychodynamic, cognitive and interpersonal perspectives. More specifically, object relations theory, cognitive schema conceptualization and interpersonal circumplex model have produced the most empirical investigations of personality disorders in recent years. Latest work has suggested that all three perspectives have contributed to and are compatible with the dimensional personality disorders framework in DSM-5-AMPD and ICD-11 (including level of personality functioning and personality traits). These models have yielded specific psychological treatments of personality disorders; although most psychotherapies have been constructed for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), there is an increasing number of treatment modalities aimed at individuals with other forms of personality disorder, such as those with narcissistic or antisocial traits/disorders. More research into their effectiveness and long-term benefits is necessary. SUMMARY Novel research keeps updating our knowledge on the cause, manifestations and psychological treatments of personality disorders, particularly from psychodynamic, cognitive and interpersonal perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Marčinko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb
| | | | - Filip Mustač
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb
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Underwood JJ, Barry CT, Charles NE. The interplay between vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, emotion dysregulation, and distress tolerance in adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ponzoni S, Beomonte Zobel S, Rogier G, Velotti P. Emotion dysregulation acts in the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:468-475. [PMID: 33956346 PMCID: PMC8360132 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Suicide behaviors are peculiar aspects of several cluster B disorders, including Narcissistic Personality Disorder. To date, it is still unclear which facet of narcissism is more related to the desire to die and which other factors are involved in this relationship. This study aims to offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, emotion dysregulation and suicide ideation. We administered the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), PID‐5‐BF (Personality Inventory for DSM‐5‐Short Form) and Beck Scale for Suicide ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with suicide ideation (n = 70) and a sample of community participants (n = 154). Controlling for age, gender and Negative Affectivity, we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism, but not with the grandiose one, and with all DERS dimension, apart from Awareness. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicide ideation. Suicide ideation seems to be deeply connected with the vulnerable dimension of pathological narcissism and the relationship between the constructs is totally mediated by emotion dysregulation. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ponzoni
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Beomonte Zobel
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Guyonne Rogier
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Velotti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Mantzoukas S, Kotrotsiou S, Mentis M, Paschou A, Diamantopoulos E, Kotrotsiou E, Gouva M. Exploring the Impact of Shame on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Individuals. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 53:439-448. [PMID: 33870602 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between shame, ageing, physical disease, and quality of life in Greek older people. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional design using a stratified random cluster sample of older adults from Open Care Centers for the Elderly in the region of Epirus, Greece. Data were collected using (a) the Short Form-36 Health Survey, (b) the Other As Shamer Scale, and (c) the Experience of Shame Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Internal shame was positively correlated with external shame (Pearson's r(177) =, p < .01), with negative effect on the mental component in both men and women (effect on women bW = -0.173, pW = .004, effect on men bM = -0.138, pM = .047), b = path analysis beta coefficient and with a significant negative effect on the physical health component for men. External shame was found to have a significant negative effect on women's mental health (b = -0.266, p = .002) and a nonsignificant effect on the physical health component. Age was negatively related with the physical health component in both groups (bW = -0.392, pW = .002 and bM = -0.384, pM = .003), while the presence of a bodily disease corresponded with a lower physical health component score for men (b = -4.267, p = .033). CONCLUSION Shame in older individuals is present in both sexes. Older males suffering from a physical disease displayed a greater decline of the health-related quality of life on physical health components, leading to greater internal shame. Older females suffering from a physical disease displayed a greater decline of health-related quality of life on mental health components, leading to greater external shame. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate the need for developing assessment and care plans for older individuals that incorporate in them the concept of shame as a factor in dealing with and adapting to physical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manolis Mentis
- Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Social Work, University of Patra, Greece
| | - Athina Paschou
- Teaching Fellow, Department of Nursing, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Mary Gouva
- Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Ioannina, Greece
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Clinical and personality profile of depressed suicide attempters: A preliminary study at the open-door policy Mood Disorder Unit of San Raffaele Hospital. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287:112575. [PMID: 31587915 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a complex phenomenon with high rates among psychiatric inpatients. Mood disorders and personality dysfunctions represent relevant risk factors for suicides attempts and suicidal ideation. Our study aims to investigate the role of the co-occurrence of clinical variables (duration of depressive state, previous suicide attempts), socio-demographic variables (gender, employment and civil status) and narcissistic personality features in the suicide risk of admitted psychiatric patients affected by a mood disorder. The sample was composed of 93 patients consecutively admitted in an open ward psychiatric Unit. Forty-eight participants had a positive history of previous suicide attempts: the suicide attempters (SA) were mostly female, unemployed and married. The SA group were observed to have suffered from a depressive episode with a longer duration; moreover in the SA group, the presence of active suicidal ideation was significantly related to a higher number of previous suicide attempts. In the whole sample, suicidal ideation was significantly related to narcissistic vulnerability personality features. Using a multidimensional approach, the present study allows a preliminary profiling of patients at risk for suicidal behavior during hospitalization.
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Zhao J, Chi Y, Ju Y, Liu X, Wang J, Liu X, Lew B, Siau CS, Jia C. Shame and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in China: The Mediating Effect of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072360. [PMID: 32244371 PMCID: PMC7178018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate students with shame are more likely to experience suicidal ideation, but there remains a lack of research investigating the factors underlying this relationship. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal ideation is influenced by the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. We examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students in China and examined the association between shame and suicidal ideation mediated by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. A survey was conducted in July 2018 involving 2320 undergraduate students, and the twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.95%. Shame played a crucial role in predicting suicidal ideation, and the mediating effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness between shame and suicidal ideation were significant. Suicidal ideation is common among undergraduate students in China and merits greater attention. Shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness may be important factors to assess among undergraduate students in suicide risk assessment and psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- School of Marxism, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanna Chi
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanli Ju
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiyao Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinglai Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Cunxian Jia
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-8838-2141-8803
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