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Branson Dame K, Jazz Harvey M, Aichele S, Kralewski Van Denburg A, Hoyer L, Joslin S, McKenna A, Lincoln M, Closson L, Flykt M, Salo S, Harvey A, Biringen Z. Movement through motherhood: Exploring mood, wellbeing, and prenatal emotional availability (EA) through EA-based dance intervention. Infant Ment Health J 2024; 45:22-39. [PMID: 38081788 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Emotional availability (EA) is a construct that describes the observed emotional connection in parent-child relationships. During pregnancy, EA is assessed only using caregiver sensitivity and nonhostility. We used the nonverbal aspects of these qualities to create a new dance/movement intervention ("EA-Based Dance Intervention"). Given the scarcity of pregnancy interventions, we provided training to participants on how to be emotionally engaged with their unborn babies through dance/movement. The EA-Based Dance Intervention alone comprised the first intervention arm (n = 12). A second intervention arm involved the combination of EA-Based Dance Intervention with brief psychoeducation (n = 10). The third arm was a control group, which received only the assessments (n = 7). Measures of self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional expressivity, flourishing, and the (newly developed) self-reported prenatal EA were used at pre- and posttest. The measure of observed prenatal EA was used to compare intervention versus control at posttest only. In this pilot study, we found that participants receiving the EA-Based Dance Intervention alone or combined with psychoeducation, self-reported improved anxiety symptoms and self-reported higher prenatal EA. When compared with the control group, those experiencing EA-Based Dance Intervention reported fewer depressive symptoms from pre- to posttest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Branson Dame
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Madeline Jazz Harvey
- School of Music, Theatre, and Dance, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Aichele
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann Kralewski Van Denburg
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lillian Hoyer
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steffany Joslin
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexandria McKenna
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Lincoln
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lia Closson
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marjo Flykt
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - Saara Salo
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashley Harvey
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Zeynep Biringen
- Human Development and Family Studies and the Prevention Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Phua DY, Chew CSM, Tan YL, Ng BJK, Lee FKL, Tham MMY. Differential effects of prenatal psychological distress and positive mental health on offspring socioemotional development from infancy to adolescence: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1221232. [PMID: 37780045 PMCID: PMC10536167 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1221232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of prenatal maternal mental health on offspring socioemotional development is substantial and enduring. Existing literature primarily focuses on the effects of psychological distress during pregnancy, emphasizing adverse child outcomes. Recent studies, however, highlight the unique impact of positive maternal mental health on child outcomes. To elucidate the differential associations of maternal psychological distress and positive mental health during pregnancy with child outcomes, we conducted a systematic literature search and random-effects meta-analyses on studies investigating the associations of prenatal maternal mental health with child socioemotional development. Our analyses, comprising 74 studies with 321,966 mother-child dyads across 21 countries, revealed significant associations of prenatal psychological distress with both adverse and positive child socioemotional outcomes. Notably, the effect sizes for the association of psychological distress with positive child outcomes were smaller compared to adverse outcomes. Positive prenatal mental health, on the other hand, was significantly associated with positive socioemotional outcomes but not adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis highlights the independence of negative and positive prenatal mental health constructs and their distinct relationships with child socioemotional development. The findings underscore the importance of considering the positive spectrum of maternal mental health and developmental outcomes to enhance our understanding of prenatal influences on child development. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=335227, identifier CRD42022335227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Y. Phua
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chermaine S. M. Chew
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Lik Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Management and Communication, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin J. K. Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Management and Communication, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florence K. L. Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Management and Communication, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan M. Y. Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Management and Communication, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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Cascading effects of partner relationship satisfaction on complete perinatal mental health: An exploratory serial mediation analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Carona C, Xavier S, Araújo-Pedrosa A, Canavarro MC, Fonseca A. Mental health profiles of women at high-risk for postpartum depression: a latent profile analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2022.2163352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carona
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Xavier
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Araújo-Pedrosa
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Psychology Service, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology (Maternity Daniel de Matos), Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Rua Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Monteiro F, Fernandes DV, Pires R, Moreira H, Melo C, Araújo-Pedrosa A. Exploring factors associated with complete mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Midwifery 2023; 116:103521. [PMID: 36288676 PMCID: PMC9578971 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore a wide range of factors associated with complete mental health (i.e., positive mental health - the presence of flourishing, and the absence of mental illness - depressive and anxious symptoms) among Portuguese pregnant women, during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Quantitative cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected through an online survey placed on social media websites targeting pregnant Portuguese adult women between October 2020 and April 2021. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 207 pregnant women. RESULTS A multivariate logistic regression model showed that higher levels of self-compassion and higher engagement in mindful self-care practices increased the likelihood of reporting complete mental health during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Promoting self-compassion and mindful self-care may be particularly important in pregnant women, as these psychological factors appear to contribute to complete mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The COVID-19 pandemic represented a demanding period for pregnant women. Our findings highlight that targeting the promotion of self-compassion and mindful self-care practices during stressful periods could significantly contribute to their overall mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Monteiro
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra 3000-115, Portugal,Corresponding author
| | - Daniela V. Fernandes
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra 3000-115, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pires
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra 3000-115, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra 3000-115, Portugal
| | - Claúdia Melo
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra 3000-115, Portugal
| | - Anabela Araújo-Pedrosa
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra 3000-115, Portugal,Clinical Psychology Service and Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
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Chasson M, Taubman – Ben-Ari O. The contribution of childhood experiences, maternal disintegrative responses, and self-compassion to maternal self-efficacy and role satisfaction: a prospective study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Bag SD, Kilby CJ, Kent JN, Brooker J, Sherman KA. Resilience, self-compassion, and indices of psychological wellbeing: a not so simple set of relationships. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2089543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhna D. Bag
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Kilby
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica N. Kent
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Brooker
- School of Psychology, Counselling, and Psychotherapy, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerry A. Sherman
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Carona C, Xavier S, Canavarro MC, Fonseca A. Self-compassion and complete perinatal mental health in women at high risk for postpartum depression: The mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:561-574. [PMID: 35146891 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is evidence suggesting that self-compassion is linked to key mechanisms in emotion regulation models of depression and anxiety. However, the majority of prior research has targeted community samples and overlooked the analysis of such mechanisms in relation to positive mental health. This study sought to examine the direct and indirect effects, via emotion regulation difficulties, of self-compassion on the complete mental health outcomes of women at high risk for postpartum depression (PPD). DESIGN Cross-sectional, correlational study. METHODS The sample for this study comprised 1053 postpartum women presenting high risk for PPD, as determined by the clinical cut-off score obtained through the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised. The assessment protocol further included self-report measures of self-compassion, depression and anxiety symptoms, flourishing and emotion regulation difficulties. Correlation analyses were conducted to ascertain associations between variables, and path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Difficulties in emotion regulation mediated the links between self-compassion and negative (distress) and positive (flourishing) mental health outcomes. The overall mediation model explained 48% and 39% of variance for psychological distress and flourishing/positive mental health respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the applicability of an emotion regulation model of self-compassion to women identified as being at high risk of developing PPD. Self-compassion interventions directed at these women are likely to decrease their levels of emotion dysregulation and to improve their complete mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carona
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Xavier
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Hannon SE, Daly D, Higgins A. Resilience in the Perinatal Period and Early Motherhood: A Principle-Based Concept Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084754. [PMID: 35457631 PMCID: PMC9032587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A context-specific delineation of research approaches to resilience in the perinatal and early motherhood literature is currently lacking. A principle-based concept analysis was used to establish a description of how women's resilience is currently conceptualised and operationalised within empirical research in the perinatal period and early motherhood (defined as up to five-years postpartum). CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, EMBASE, ASSIA, Web of Science, Scielo, Maternity and Infant Care, the Cochrane Library, and the World Health Organization were systematically searched (January/February 2020 and March 2022). Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Analysis demonstrated interchangeable use of associated concepts such as 'coping', 'coping strategies', and 'adaptation'. Resilience was frequently operationalised as the absence of illness symptomatology, rather than the presence of mental well-being. Investigations of positive areas of functioning were predominately related to the mother's family role. There was limited qualitative exploration of women's perspectives. Recommendations for the pragmatic application of resilience research were not well developed. The narrow operationalisation of resilience by mental ill-health and parental role, and the distinct absence of women's perspectives, restricts the logical maturity and pragmatic application of the concept. Future research may benefit from exploration of women's insights on indicators that might best reflect positive functioning and resilience in this period.
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Xavier S, Monteiro F, Canavarro MC, Fonseca A. Be a Mom: Patterns of Program Usage and Acceptability Among Women With Low-Risk and High-Risk for Postpartum Depression. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:841427. [PMID: 35368996 PMCID: PMC8969511 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.841427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Be a Mom is a self-guided web-based intervention developed to prevent postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms and to promote maternal wellbeing, respectively among high and low-risk new mothers. This study aims to examine and compare (1) Be a Mom's patterns of usage and (2) Be a Mom's acceptability among women presenting high and low risk for PPD. Methods The sample was composed by 800 women who were randomized to Be a Mom [542 presenting high-risk (Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised ≥ 5.5) and 258 presenting low-risk for PPD]. Data regarding patterns of usage were collected through the Be a Mom website. Acceptability data were collected through a brief questionnaire. Results 27.9% of high-risk and 36.3% of low-risk women completed the program. A higher proportion of participants in the low-risk group completed Be a Mom [X(1)2 = 5.29, p = 0.021] and completed more modules [t(723) = −3.01, p = 0.003]. No significant differences were found between the groups in number of logins, minutes spent on the program, exercises completed and number of times audios were played. a higher proportion of women in the high-risk group considered that participating in Be a Mom was too demanding [X(1)2 = 8.21, p = 0.004]. Conclusions Despite the low rates of completion, Be a Mom appears to be an acceptable option for both women with high-risk and low-risk for PPD. Lack of time seems to be the main reason for non-completion, so it is important to develop briefer versions of the program and introduce engagement strategies that may increase completion rate.
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Fernandes DV, Canavarro MC, Moreira H. The role of mothers' self-compassion on mother-infant bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study exploring the mediating role of mindful parenting and parenting stress in the postpartum period. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 42:621-635. [PMID: 34407224 PMCID: PMC8426800 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID‐19 pandemic is a challenging time for postpartum mothers, and associated challenges may have a negative impact on their parenting and, consequently, on mother–infant bonding. This study aimed to longitudinally explore whether mothers’ self‐compassion was associated with mother–infant bonding and whether this relationship was mediated by mindful parenting and parenting stress. A total of 125 Portuguese mothers of infants aged between 0 and 12 months completed an online survey at two assessment points during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic (T1: April–May 2020; T2: June–July 2020). The survey included several questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, clinical, and COVID‐19 information; self‐compassion; mindful parenting; parenting stress; and mother–infant bonding. Mothers presented significantly higher levels of self‐compassion, less impaired mother–infant bonding, and lower levels of depressive symptoms at T2 than T1. Higher levels of self‐compassion at T1 predicted less impaired mother–infant bonding at T2, and this relationship was mediated by higher levels of mindful parenting and lower levels of parenting stress (both assessed at T1). These results highlight the relevance of mothers’ self‐compassion to establishing mother–infant bonding in the postpartum period, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the important role of mindful parenting and parenting stress in determining this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Fernandes
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Canavarro
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Monteiro F, Pereira M, Canavarro MC, Fonseca A. Be a Mom, a Web-Based Intervention to Promote Positive Mental Health Among Postpartum Women With Low Risk for Postpartum Depression: Exploring Psychological Mechanisms of Change. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:701107. [PMID: 34335336 PMCID: PMC8316830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study explored whether Be a Mom, a brief and unguided cognitive behavioral web-based intervention, was effective in promoting psychological processes (self-compassion, psychological flexibility, emotion regulation) among low-risk postpartum women. Effects of Be a Mom in psychological processes compared with a control group were examined at post-intervention and at 4-months follow-up. Additionally, this work explored whether changes in psychological processes mediated improvements in positive mental health at postintervention. Methods: In total, 367 postpartum women presenting low risk for postpartum depression were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 191) or to a waiting-list control group (n = 176). Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported significantly greater baseline to postintervention increases in self-compassion. No significant effects were found at the 4-month follow-up. Multilevel mediation showed that self-compassion improvements significantly mediated improvements in positive mental health among the intervention group. No significant results were found for psychological flexibility or emotion regulation. Conclusions: This study suggests that Be a Mom has the potential to cultivate self-compassion among low-risk postpartum women and that this may be a key mechanism for promoting positive mental health in this context. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT04055974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Monteiro
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
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