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Jacobs KA. Changes of intuition in paranoid personality disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1307629. [PMID: 38268566 PMCID: PMC10807694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1307629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wherever psychopathology operates with the concept of (disorders of) the self and personality, it can address the role of the intuitive access we have toward ourselves, others, and the world. This study discusses the concept of oikeiôsis. It examines its role in explaining paranoia as a change in intuitive self-and-world relatedness. In the first step, symptomatic features of paranoid personality disorder are sketched, with a focus on the explanatory role of attentional and interpretative biases, which correlate with significant changes in intuitive processing. In the second step, the prototypical phenomenality of feelings of unfamiliarity and mistrust are discussed against the backdrop of changes of oikeiôsis in paranoid personality disorder. In the third step, the main therapeutic challenge in treating paranoid personality disorder-building a trustful relationship-is explored. It is concluded that the notion of oikeiôsis resonates particularly with introspection-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrin Artemis Jacobs
- Department of Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience (CHAIN), University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
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Cheli S, Goldzweig G, Chiarello F, Cavalletti V. Evolutionary systems therapy for paranoid personality disorder: A seven cases series. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:61-80. [PMID: 38527104 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about effective psychosocial treatments for paranoid personality disorder. This study explores the feasibility of a novel treatment, namely Evolutionary Systems Therapy, in supporting individuals diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder. Seven patients attended 10 months of individual therapy without receiving any psychopharmacological treatment. The primary outcome was the feasibility of the intervention, while the secondary outcomes were remission from the diagnosis and reliable changes in personality pathology and paranoid ideation. All recruited patients completed the intervention and did not report any adverse events. Six out of seven patients experienced remission from the diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. All participants showed reliable changes in personality pathology and paranoid ideation, which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up. Further research is needed to confirm these encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cheli
- PhD, is affiliated with the Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Rome, Italy, and the Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy
| | - Gil Goldzweig
- Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
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O'Higgins M, Benito A, Real-López M, Gil-Miravet I, Ochoa E, Haro G. Relationship of DRD5 and MAO-B VNTR polymorphisms with paranoid and antisocial personality disorders in polydrug users. Personal Ment Health 2023; 17:77-86. [PMID: 35961947 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple studies have shown the role genetics plays in personality disorders and in addictions, few have studied the genetic aspects of their comorbidity. Here, we carried out a cross-sectional study in a sample comprising 303 Caucasian polydrug-consuming patients. The presence of personality disorders was evaluated using the International Personality Disorder Examination, and genes related to dopamine, serotonin and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were genotyped. A significant relationship was observed between the bp 279 DRD5 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and paranoid personality disorder OR 95 % CI = 2.186 1.074 ; 4.449 ; p = 0.006 . The bp 182 OR 95 % CI = 0.407 0.178 ; 0.931 ; p = 0.033 and bp 184 OR 95 % CI = 0.391 0.188 ; 0.813 ; p = 0.012 alleles of the MAOB VNTR were also associated with antisocial personality disorder. Among patients with addictions, paranoid personality disorder should also be considered in addition to the importance of antisocial and borderline personality disorders. The higher frequency of the bp 279 DRD5 VNTR allele found in patients with paranoid personality disorder, as well as the associations between alleles of the MAOB VNTR and antisocial personality disorder, support the monoaminergic bases of these personality disorders, especially when dealing with patients with addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O'Higgins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Mental Health Unit of Torrent, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matías Real-López
- Pre-department Medicine Unit, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.,Severe Mental Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence Program, Mental Health Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
| | - Isis Gil-Miravet
- TXP Research Group, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Pre-department Medicine Unit, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Enrique Ochoa
- Molecular Biopathology Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- TXP Research Group, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castelló, Spain.,Severe Dual Pathology Program, Mental Health Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castelló, Castelló, Spain
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Zhang D, Yu L, Chen Y, Shen J, Du L, Lin L, Wu J. Connectome-based predictive modeling predicts paranoid ideation in young men with paranoid personality disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cereb Cortex 2023:6992943. [PMID: 36657794 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD), a mental disorder that affects interpersonal relationships and work, is frequently neglected during diagnosis and evaluation at the individual-level. This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) can predict paranoia scores of young men with PPD using whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). College students with paranoid tendencies were screened using paranoia scores ≥60 derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; 18 participants were ultimately diagnosed with PPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and subsequently underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain rs-FC was constructed, and the ability of this rs-FC to predict paranoia scores was evaluated using CPM. The significance of the models was assessed using permutation tests. The model constructed based on the negative prediction network involving the limbic system-temporal lobe was observed to have significant predictive ability for paranoia scores, whereas the model constructed using the positive and combined prediction network had no significant predictive ability. In conclusion, using CPM, whole-brain rs-FC predicted the paranoia score of patients with PPD. The limbic system-temporal lobe FC pattern is expected to become an important neurological marker for evaluating paranoid ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian 116001, China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 211166,China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian 116001, China
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Xie Y, Lei Q, Xie R, Yang Y. The role of family functioning: How the Big Five affect metacognitions about smartphone use. Front Psychol 2022; 13:991315. [PMID: 36275300 PMCID: PMC9583014 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.991315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the Big Five and metacognitions about smartphone use and the mediating role of family functioning. A cohort of 470 Chinese college students was selected as subjects based on the second edition of the Big Five Inventory-2, the Chinese version of the Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire, and the general functioning subscale of Family Assessment Device. The results showed that only neuroticism was significantly and positively correlated with positive metacognition, while the correlation between other personality traits and positive metacognition was not statistically significant. Except for openness, the correlation between other personality traits and negative metacognition was statistically significant. In addition, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism were found to directly affect negative metacognitions about smartphone use and indirectly affect the negative metacognitions about smartphone use through family functioning. Findings provide insights into the design of interventions aimed at improving metacognitions about smartphone use and preventing smartphone addiction among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Xie
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, China
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Lysaker PH. Schizophrenia, the self and psychotherapy: Is there really anything new under the sun? J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1865-1870. [PMID: 34460959 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This issue of In Session in The Journal of Clinical Psychology offers in depth case studies of psychotherapy for persons with differing types of schizophrenia spectrum disorders across international settings. METHOD To understand the context and import of this work, this commentary explores commonalities of this work with past work including respect for patients' autonomy, compassion, and attention to the therapeutic relationship. The commentary then discusses themes which harken to the past including framing psychosis as something than can be understood jointly by therapist and patient rather than being unilaterally imposed. RESULTS It is suggested that this work is emblematic of new movements in the literature which focus on the person who is experiencing schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS This focus extends to understanding the purposes, place of the person in the world and their possibilities, which enables them to make sense of what they need and how want to manage their own recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Hasson-Ohayon I, Cheli S, Lysaker PH. Emerging psychotherapeutic approaches to addressing self-experience in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1781-1785. [PMID: 34460960 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Growing awareness that many who are diagnosed with schizophrenia recover has spurred the development of new psychosocial approaches to treatment. These new approaches include forms of individual and group psychotherapy whose focus extends beyond reducing symptoms and improving skills to subjective outcomes related to sense of self. This paper introduces an issue of In Session which presents six case reports which illustrating these approaches in differing international contexts. First, we explore the larger issues of subjective outcomes from schizophrenia. We then discuss each of the papers separately along with implications of these papers as a group for how treatment might promote the recapturing of a sense of self or place in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Cheli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Heriot-Maitland C, Levey V. A case report of compassion-focused therapy for distressing voice-hearing experiences. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1821-1835. [PMID: 34252979 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a 6-month period of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) for a client who has a 35-year history of hearing voices that are threatening, derogatory, and abusive. In this intervention, the client is encouraged to develop compassionate motives toward herself and to her voices, recognizing that her voices may have been functional in the context of difficult early experiences. The client develops a compassionate self-identity, which becomes the vehicle through which she approaches therapeutic tasks, such as listening and talking to voices, engaging with traumatic childhood pain, and resolving emotional conflicts. The client is an author on this study, so is able to provide valuable first-hand insights into the experience of working compassionately with her voices, and of experiencing CFT techniques for the first time.
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