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Conner LR, Adatorwovor R, Robbins SJK, Machinga-Asaolu RO, Showalter K, Oser C. Geographic Patterns of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Risk Behaviors Among Older Adults: A Strategy for Identifying Space as a Risk Exposure. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241273351. [PMID: 39189501 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241273351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined geographical patterns of HIV risk among adults aged 60 and older. METHODS The 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) weighted data was used to analyze self-reported participation in HIV risk behaviors among older adults (n = 62,852). Logistic regression models were used on a dichotomous HIV risk variable to map the distribution of HIV risk behaviors across both census regions and divisions. RESULTS The weighted model revealed significance across regions. Across all regions, identifying as female, identifying as Hispanic, and reporting not having depression were protective from participating in HIV risk behaviors. DISCUSSION The geographic heterogeneity in patterns of high-risk behaviors among older adults are discussed, along with the implications of partner access (marital status) and emotional health (depression) that need further examination. Recommendations for additional geographic analysis are made.
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Nowotny KM, Omori M, McKenna M, Kleinman J. Incarceration Rates and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in US Counties, 2011-2016. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:S130-S136. [PMID: 31967898 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine rates of sexually transmitted infections as a function of jail and prison incarceration rates across US counties for the years 2011 to 2016.Methods. We used data from several national databases. The outcomes were county-level chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012-2016). The exposures were lagged specifications of county-level jail and prison incarceration rates as reported by the Vera Institute of Justice (2011-2015). We estimated mixed models to account for the 3 sources of response variable variation occurring across repeated measures collected from counties nested within states.Results. In the final model, jail and prison incarceration rates were associated with a rate increase of 10.13 per 100 000 and 8.22 per 100 000, respectively, of chlamydia incidence. The corresponding rate increases for gonorrhea incidence were 2.47 per 100 000 and 4.40 per 100 000.Conclusions. These findings provide some evidence that the documented differences in chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence between counties may be partially attributable to differences in jail and prison incarceration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Nowotny
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Marisa Omori
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Melanie McKenna
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
| | - Joshua Kleinman
- Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Marisa Omori is with the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis
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Brown DL, Blackmon S, Shiflett A. Safer sexual practices among African American women: intersectional socialisation and sexual assertiveness. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2018; 20:673-689. [PMID: 28922093 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2017.1370132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have posited that childhood socialisation experiences may play a key role in influencing behaviours and attitudes that contribute to the acquisition of HIV. This study examined the links between past ethnic-racial and gender socialisation, sexual assertiveness and the safe sexual practices of African American college women utilising a cluster analytic approach. After identifying separate racial-gender and ethnic-gender socialisation profiles, results indicated that ethnic-gender socialisation cluster profiles were directly associated with sexual assertiveness and safer sex behaviour. Greater levels of ethnic socialisation and low traditional gender role socialisation were found to be associated with greater sexual assertiveness and safer sex behaviour. Further analysis showed that sexual assertiveness mediated the links between the identified ethnic-gender socialisation profiles and safer sex behaviour. Implications for policy and programme development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danice L Brown
- a Department of Psychology , Towson University , Towson , USA
| | - Sha'Kema Blackmon
- b Counseling and Counselor Education , Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis , USA
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Oser CB, Pullen E, Stevens-Watkins D, Perry BL, Havens JR, Staton-Tindall M, Leukefeld CG. African American women and sexually transmitted infections: The contextual influence of unbalanced sex ratios and individual risk behaviors. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016; 47:543-561. [PMID: 28983125 DOI: 10.1177/0022042616678610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study uses data from 564 African American women to examine the correlates of lifetime prevalence of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Specifically, we test the effects of perceptions about the availability of African American males, five partner characteristics, and drug history. At the bivariate-level, women with an STI diagnosis were significantly more likely to have dated a man who was married, older, had sex with another man, involved in concurrent partnerships, and had been incarcerated. About half of the participants stated it was difficult to find an eligible African American male and attributed the limited pool of same-race partners to drug trafficking, a lack of monogamy, and high rates of incarceration. Multivariate analyses revealed having dated a man who had concurrent sexual partnerships or had been incarcerated, as well as drug use during sex were positively associated with ever having an STI. Individual and contextual implications are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B Oser
- Department of Sociology, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erin Pullen
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, Counseling, and School Psychology, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brea L Perry
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer R Havens
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michele Staton-Tindall
- College of Social Work, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Carl G Leukefeld
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Harp KLH, Oser CB. Factors associated with two types of child custody loss among a sample of African American mothers: A novel approach. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2016; 60:283-296. [PMID: 27712685 PMCID: PMC5119635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
African American families are overrepresented in the Child Welfare System; however, extant research on this phenomenon has (1) focused mostly on Caucasian or mixed-race samples and (2) has not examined informal custody arrangements alongside official child custody loss. This research addresses these gaps in the literature by examining factors associated with both official and informal child custody loss among a sample of African American mothers. Multinomial regression results show that having ever been incarcerated following a conviction increases the odds of experiencing both types of custody loss relative to no loss. Additionally, mother's experiences of childhood victimization increase the likelihood of informal custody loss relative to no loss, while being older, past year homelessness, number of minor children, being lesbian or bisexual, crack/cocaine use, and more family social support increase the odds of official loss versus no loss. Finally, increases in social support from friends decrease the odds of official loss. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi L H Harp
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Department of Health Management & Policy, USA.
| | - Carrie B Oser
- University of Kentucky, Department of Sociology, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, USA
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Longmire-Avital B, Reavis BM. “Deep Like the Sea and Strong Like the Earth”. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798415621437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that 52% of Black American women will marry by age 30, compared with 81% of White American women. Black women prefer a partner of the same race and one who has the means to provide financial support. However, due to factors that disproportionately affect Black American men, such as incarceration, early death rates, unemployment rates, and lower educational attainment, finding an available Black male partner is challenging. Black women may have a smaller marriage market. To explore how this limited market may be influencing partner selections for Black women, the current study looked at which characteristics heterosexual Black American women seek in an ideal partner, as well as what traits are considered nonnegotiable. Qualitative responses gathered from 128 nonmarried Black American women (ages 18-29, M = 23) who completed an anonymous online survey were analyzed using content analysis. Overall findings indicated that compatibility was the most frequently listed characteristic, not race or financial status. This and other findings are discussed in regard to an expanding perception of heterosexual Black female partner selection habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda M. Reavis
- Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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