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Petrisková L, Kodedová M, Balážová M, Sychrová H, Valachovič M. Lipid droplets control the negative effect of non-yeast sterols in membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under hypoxic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159523. [PMID: 38866087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The effectivity of utilization of exogenous sterols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to hypoxic stress is dependent on the sterol structure. The highly imported sterols include animal cholesterol or plant sitosterol, while ergosterol, typical of yeasts, is imported to a lesser extent. An elevated utilization of non-yeast sterols is associated with their high esterification and relocalization to lipid droplets (LDs). Here we present data showing that LDs and sterol esterification play a critical role in the regulation of the accumulation of non-yeast sterols in membranes. Failure to form LDs during anaerobic growth in media supplemented with cholesterol or sitosterol resulted in an extremely long lag phase, in contrast to normal growth in media with ergosterol or plant stigmasterol. Moreover, in hem1∆, which mimics anaerobiosis, neither cholesterol nor sitosterol supported the growth in an LD-less background. The incorporation of non-ergosterol sterols into the membranes affected fundamental membrane characteristics such as relative membrane potential, permeability, tolerance to osmotic stress and the formation of membrane domains. Our findings reveal that LDs assume an important role in scenarios wherein cells are dependent on the utilization of exogenous lipids, particularly under anoxia. Given the diverse lipid structures present in yeast niches, LDs fulfil a protective role, mitigating the risk of excessive accumulation of potentially toxic steroids and fatty acids in the membranes. Finally, we present a novel function for sterols in a model eukaryotic cell - alleviation of the lipotoxicity of unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Petrisková
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Balážová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valachovič
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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2
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Romanauska A, Köhler A. Lipid saturation controls nuclear envelope function. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1290-1302. [PMID: 37591950 PMCID: PMC10495262 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a spherical double membrane with elastic properties. How NE shape and elasticity are regulated by lipid chemistry is unknown. Here we discover lipid acyl chain unsaturation as essential for NE and nuclear pore complex (NPC) architecture and function. Increased lipid saturation rigidifies the NE and the endoplasmic reticulum into planar, polygonal membranes, which are fracture prone. These membranes exhibit a micron-scale segregation of lipids into ordered and disordered phases, excluding NPCs from the ordered phase. Balanced lipid saturation is required for NPC integrity, pore membrane curvature and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Oxygen deprivation amplifies the impact of saturated lipids, causing NE rigidification and rupture. Conversely, lipid droplets buffer saturated lipids to preserve NE architecture. Our study uncovers a fundamental link between lipid acyl chain structure and the integrity of the cell nucleus with implications for nuclear membrane malfunction in ischaemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Romanauska
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alwin Köhler
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Tan LR, Liu JJ, Deewan A, Lee JW, Xia PF, Rao CV, Jin YS, Wang SG. Genome-wide transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to carbon dioxide. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6595876. [PMID: 35640892 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar metabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ample amounts of CO2 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. High solubility of CO2 in fermentation media, contributing to enjoyable sensory properties of sparkling wine and beers by S. cerevisiae, might affect yeast metabolism. To elucidate the overlooked effects of CO2 on yeast metabolism, we examined glucose fermentation by S. cerevisiae under CO2 as compared to N2 and O2 limited conditions. While both CO2 and N2 conditions are considered anaerobic, less glycerol and acetate but more ethanol were produced under CO2 condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that significantly decreased mRNA levels of GPP1 coding for glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase in glycerol synthesis explained the reduced glycerol production under CO2 condition. Besides, transcriptional regulations in signal transduction, carbohydrate synthesis, heme synthesis, membrane and cell wall metabolism, and respiration were detected in response to CO2. Interestingly, signal transduction was uniquely regulated under CO2 condition, where up-regulated genes (STE3, MSB2, WSC3, STE12 and TEC1) in the signal sensors and transcriptional factors suggested that MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in CO2 sensing and CO2-induced metabolisms in yeast. Our study identifies CO2 as an external stimulus for modulating metabolic activities in yeast and a transcriptional effector for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Rui Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Anshu Deewan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China.,Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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4
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Dekker WJC, Jürgens H, Ortiz-Merino RA, Mooiman C, van den Berg R, Kaljouw A, Mans R, Pronk JT. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6523363. [PMID: 35137036 PMCID: PMC8862043 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While thermotolerance is an attractive trait for yeasts used in industrial ethanol production, oxygen requirements of known thermotolerant species are incompatible with process requirements. Analysis of oxygen-sufficient and oxygen-limited chemostat cultures of the facultatively fermentative, thermotolerant species Ogataea parapolymorpha showed its minimum oxygen requirements to be an order of magnitude larger than those reported for the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. High oxygen requirements of O. parapolymorpha coincided with a near absence of glycerol, a key NADH/NAD+ redox-cofactor-balancing product in many other yeasts, in oxygen-limited cultures. Genome analysis indicated absence of orthologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycerol-3-phosphate-phosphatase genes GPP1 and GPP2. Co-feeding of acetoin, whose conversion to 2,3-butanediol enables reoxidation of cytosolic NADH, supported a 2.5-fold increase of the biomass concentration in oxygen-limited cultures. An O. parapolymorpha strain in which key genes involved in mitochondrial reoxidation of NADH were inactivated did produce glycerol, but transcriptome analysis did not reveal a clear candidate for a responsible phosphatase. Expression of S. cerevisiae GPD2, which encodes NAD+-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and GPP1 supported increased glycerol production by oxygen-limited chemostat cultures of O. parapolymorpha. These results identify dependence on respiration for NADH reoxidation as a key contributor to unexpectedly high oxygen requirements of O. parapolymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijbrand J C Dekker
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Jürgens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl A Ortiz-Merino
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Mooiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remon van den Berg
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Kaljouw
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Corresponding author: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 15 2783214; E-mail:
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5
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A squalene-hopene cyclase in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus represents a eukaryotic adaptation to sterol-limited anaerobic environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105225118. [PMID: 34353908 PMCID: PMC8364164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105225118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of sterols requires oxygen. This study identifies a previously unknown evolutionary adaptation in a eukaryote, which enables anaerobic growth in absence of exogenous sterols. A squalene–hopene cyclase, proposed to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from an acetic acid bacterium, is implicated in a unique ability of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus to synthesize hopanoids and grow in anaerobic, sterol-free media. Expression of this cyclase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that at least one of its hopanoid products acts as sterol surrogate. These observations provide leads for research into the structure and function of eukaryotic membranes and into the development of sterol-independent yeast cell factories for application in anaerobic processes. Biosynthesis of sterols, which are key constituents of canonical eukaryotic membranes, requires molecular oxygen. Anaerobic protists and deep-branching anaerobic fungi are the only eukaryotes in which a mechanism for sterol-independent growth has been elucidated. In these organisms, tetrahymanol, formed through oxygen-independent cyclization of squalene by a squalene–tetrahymanol cyclase, acts as a sterol surrogate. This study confirms an early report [C. J. E. A. Bulder, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 37, 353–358 (1971)] that Schizosaccharomyces japonicus is exceptional among yeasts in growing anaerobically on synthetic media lacking sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Mass spectrometry of lipid fractions of anaerobically grown Sch. japonicus showed the presence of hopanoids, a class of cyclic triterpenoids not previously detected in yeasts, including hop-22(29)-ene, hop-17(21)-ene, hop-21(22)-ene, and hopan-22-ol. A putative gene in Sch. japonicus showed high similarity to bacterial squalene–hopene cyclase (SHC) genes and in particular to those of Acetobacter species. No orthologs of the putative Sch. japonicus SHC were found in other yeast species. Expression of the Sch. japonicus SHC gene (Sjshc1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enabled hopanoid synthesis and stimulated anaerobic growth in sterol-free media, thus indicating that one or more of the hopanoids produced by SjShc1 could at least partially replace sterols. Use of hopanoids as sterol surrogates represents a previously unknown adaptation of eukaryotic cells to anaerobic growth. The fast anaerobic growth of Sch. japonicus in sterol-free media is an interesting trait for developing robust fungal cell factories for application in anaerobic industrial processes.
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6
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Dekker WJC, Ortiz-Merino RA, Kaljouw A, Battjes J, Wiering FW, Mooiman C, Torre PDL, Pronk JT. Engineering the thermotolerant industrial yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus for anaerobic growth. Metab Eng 2021; 67:347-364. [PMID: 34303845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current large-scale, anaerobic industrial processes for ethanol production from renewable carbohydrates predominantly rely on the mesophilic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Use of thermotolerant, facultatively fermentative yeasts such as Kluyveromyces marxianus could confer significant economic benefits. However, in contrast to S. cerevisiae, these yeasts cannot grow in the absence of oxygen. Responses of K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae to different oxygen-limitation regimes were analyzed in chemostats. Genome and transcriptome analysis, physiological responses to sterol supplementation and sterol-uptake measurements identified absence of a functional sterol-uptake mechanism as a key factor underlying the oxygen requirement of K. marxianus. Heterologous expression of a squalene-tetrahymanol cyclase enabled oxygen-independent synthesis of the sterol surrogate tetrahymanol in K. marxianus. After a brief adaptation under oxygen-limited conditions, tetrahymanol-expressing K. marxianus strains grew anaerobically on glucose at temperatures of up to 45 °C. These results open up new directions in the development of thermotolerant yeast strains for anaerobic industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijbrand J C Dekker
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Raúl A Ortiz-Merino
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Kaljouw
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Julius Battjes
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Frank W Wiering
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Mooiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Pilar de la Torre
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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7
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Mooiman C, Bouwknegt J, Dekker WJC, Wiersma SJ, Ortiz-Merino RA, de Hulster E, Pronk JT. Critical parameters and procedures for anaerobic cultivation of yeasts in bioreactors and anaerobic chambers. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:foab035. [PMID: 34100921 PMCID: PMC8216787 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All known facultatively fermentative yeasts require molecular oxygen for growth. Only in a small number of yeast species, these requirements can be circumvented by supplementation of known anaerobic growth factors such as nicotinate, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Biosynthetic oxygen requirements of yeasts are typically small and, unless extensive precautions are taken to minimize inadvertent entry of trace amounts of oxygen, easily go unnoticed in small-scale laboratory cultivation systems. This paper discusses critical points in the design of anaerobic yeast cultivation experiments in anaerobic chambers and laboratory bioreactors. Serial transfer or continuous cultivation to dilute growth factors present in anaerobically pre-grown inocula, systematic inclusion of control strains and minimizing the impact of oxygen diffusion through tubing are identified as key elements in experimental design. Basic protocols are presented for anaerobic-chamber and bioreactor experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Mooiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jonna Bouwknegt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wijb J C Dekker
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne J Wiersma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl A Ortiz-Merino
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Hulster
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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8
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Moscoviz R, Kleerebezem R, Rombouts JL. Directing carbohydrates toward ethanol using mesophilic microbial communities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 67:175-183. [PMID: 33588238 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioethanol production is an established biotechnological process. Margins are low which prevent a larger scale production of bioethanol. As a large part of the production cost is due to the feedstock, the use of low value unsterile feedstocks fermented by microbial communities will enable a more cost-competitive bioethanol production. To select for high yield ethanol producing communities, three selective conditions are proposed: acid washing of the cells after fermentation, a low pH (<5) during the fermentation and microaerobiosis at the start of the fermentation. Ethanol producers, such as Zymomonas species and yeasts, compete for carbohydrates with volatile fatty acid and lactic acid producing bacteria. Creating effective consortia of lactic acid bacteria and homo-ethanol producers at low pH will lead to robust and competitive ethanol yields and titres. A conceptual design of an ecology-based bioethanol production process is proposed using food waste to produce bioethanol, electricity, digestate and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Moscoviz
- SUEZ, Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement (CIRSEE), 38 rue du Président Wilson, Le Pecq, France
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Prado CD, Mandrujano GPL, Souza JP, Sgobbi FB, Novaes HR, da Silva JPMO, Alves MHR, Eliodório KP, Cunha GCG, Giudici R, Procópio DP, Basso TO, Malavazi I, Cunha AF. Physiological characterization of a new thermotolerant yeast strain isolated during Brazilian ethanol production, and its application in high-temperature fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:178. [PMID: 33117432 PMCID: PMC7590731 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of thermotolerant yeast strains can improve the efficiency of ethanol fermentation, allowing fermentation to occur at temperatures higher than 40 °C. This characteristic could benefit traditional bio-ethanol production and allow simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of starch or lignocellulosic biomass. RESULTS We identified and characterized the physiology of a new thermotolerant strain (LBGA-01) able to ferment at 40 °C, which is more resistant to stressors as sucrose, furfural and ethanol than CAT-1 industrial strain. Furthermore, this strain showed similar CAT-1 resistance to acetic acid and lactic acid, and it was also able to change the pattern of genes involved in sucrose assimilation (SUC2 and AGT1). Genes related to the production of proteins involved in secondary products of fermentation were also differentially regulated at 40 °C, with reduced expression of genes involved in the formation of glycerol (GPD2), acetate (ALD6 and ALD4), and acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ACS2). Fermentation tests using chemostats showed that LBGA-01 had an excellent performance in ethanol production in high temperature. CONCLUSION The thermotolerant LBGA-01 strain modulates the production of key genes, changing metabolic pathways during high-temperature fermentation, and increasing its resistance to high concentration of ethanol, sugar, lactic acid, acetic acid, and furfural. Results indicate that this strain can be used to improve first- and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton D. Prado
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. L. Mandrujano
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Jonas. P. Souza
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Flávia B. Sgobbi
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Hosana R. Novaes
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - João P. M. O. da Silva
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Mateus H. R. Alves
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Kevy P. Eliodório
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-010 Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. G. Cunha
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-010 Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Giudici
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-010 Brazil
| | - Diele P. Procópio
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-010 Brazil
| | - Thiago O. Basso
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508-010 Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Anderson F. Cunha
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
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10
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Dekker WJC, Wiersma SJ, Bouwknegt J, Mooiman C, Pronk JT. Anaerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D does not depend on synthesis or supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 19:5551482. [PMID: 31425603 PMCID: PMC6750169 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acyl-coenzyme A desaturation by Ole1 requires molecular oxygen. Tween 80, a poly-ethoxylated sorbitan-oleate ester, is therefore routinely included in anaerobic growth media as a source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). During optimization of protocols for anaerobic bioreactor cultivation of this yeast, we consistently observed growth of the laboratory strain S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D in media that contained the anaerobic growth factor ergosterol, but lacked UFAs. To minimize oxygen contamination, additional experiments were performed in an anaerobic chamber. After anaerobic precultivation without ergosterol and Tween 80, strain CEN.PK113-7D and a congenic ole1Δ strain both grew during three consecutive batch-cultivation cycles on medium that contained ergosterol, but not Tween 80. During these three cycles, no UFAs were detected in biomass of cultures grown without Tween 80, while contents of C10 to C14 saturated fatty acids were higher than in biomass from Tween 80-supplemented cultures. In contrast to its UFA-independent anaerobic growth, aerobic growth of the ole1Δ strain strictly depended on Tween 80 supplementation. This study shows that the requirement of anaerobic cultures of S. cerevisiae for UFA supplementation is not absolute and provides a basis for further research on the effects of lipid composition on yeast viability and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijb J C Dekker
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne J Wiersma
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jonna Bouwknegt
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Mooiman
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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11
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Exploiting the Diversity of Saccharomycotina Yeasts To Engineer Biotin-Independent Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00270-20. [PMID: 32276977 PMCID: PMC7267198 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00270-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported metabolic engineering strategy to enable optimal growth in the absence of biotin is of direct relevance for large-scale industrial applications of S. cerevisiae. Important benefits of biotin prototrophy include cost reduction during the preparation of chemically defined industrial growth media as well as a lower susceptibility of biotin-prototrophic strains to contamination by auxotrophic microorganisms. The observed oxygen dependency of biotin synthesis by the engineered strains is relevant for further studies on the elucidation of fungal biotin biosynthesis pathways. Biotin, an important cofactor for carboxylases, is essential for all kingdoms of life. Since native biotin synthesis does not always suffice for fast growth and product formation, microbial cultivation in research and industry often requires supplementation of biotin. De novo biotin biosynthesis in yeasts is not fully understood, which hinders attempts to optimize the pathway in these industrially relevant microorganisms. Previous work based on laboratory evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biotin prototrophy identified Bio1, whose catalytic function remains unresolved, as a bottleneck in biotin synthesis. This study aimed at eliminating this bottleneck in the S. cerevisiae laboratory strain CEN.PK113-7D. A screening of 35 Saccharomycotina yeasts identified six species that grew fast without biotin supplementation. Overexpression of the S. cerevisiaeBIO1 (ScBIO1) ortholog isolated from one of these biotin prototrophs, Cyberlindnera fabianii, enabled fast growth of strain CEN.PK113-7D in biotin-free medium. Similar results were obtained by single overexpression of C. fabianii BIO1 (CfBIO1) in other laboratory and industrial S. cerevisiae strains. However, biotin prototrophy was restricted to aerobic conditions, probably reflecting the involvement of oxygen in the reaction catalyzed by the putative oxidoreductase CfBio1. In aerobic cultures on biotin-free medium, S. cerevisiae strains expressing CfBio1 showed a decreased susceptibility to contamination by biotin-auxotrophic S. cerevisiae. This study illustrates how the vast Saccharomycotina genomic resources may be used to improve physiological characteristics of industrially relevant S. cerevisiae. IMPORTANCE The reported metabolic engineering strategy to enable optimal growth in the absence of biotin is of direct relevance for large-scale industrial applications of S. cerevisiae. Important benefits of biotin prototrophy include cost reduction during the preparation of chemically defined industrial growth media as well as a lower susceptibility of biotin-prototrophic strains to contamination by auxotrophic microorganisms. The observed oxygen dependency of biotin synthesis by the engineered strains is relevant for further studies on the elucidation of fungal biotin biosynthesis pathways.
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Extended fed-batch fermentation of a C5/C6 optimised yeast strain on wheat straw hydrolysate using an online refractive index sensor to measure the relative fermentation rate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6705. [PMID: 32317712 PMCID: PMC7174321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the production of 2nd generation ethanol, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the highest productivity obtained using C5/C6 fermenting yeast is in the co-fermentation phase, in which xylose and glucose are fermented simultaneously. Extending this phase in a fed-batch process increases the yield, rate and additionally reduces needed yeast amount for pitching. Extending this phase, as long as possible, would further enhance yield and economy of the process. To realise the concept a fermentation monitoring technique was developed and applied. Based on online measured refractive index an optimal residual sugar concentration could be maintained in the primary fermentor during the feed phase, requiring little knowledge of the nature of the substrate. The system was able to run stably for at least five fermentor volumes giving an ethanol yield >90% throughout the run. This was achieved with addition of only urea to the wheat straw hydrolysate and with an initial yeast pitch of 0.2 g/L total of finished broth. It has the potential to improve the fermentation technology used in fuel ethanol plants, which could help to meet the growing demand for more sustainable fuels.
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Perli T, Wronska AK, Ortiz‐Merino RA, Pronk JT, Daran J. Vitamin requirements and biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2020; 37:283-304. [PMID: 31972058 PMCID: PMC7187267 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically defined media for yeast cultivation (CDMY) were developed to support fast growth, experimental reproducibility, and quantitative analysis of growth rates and biomass yields. In addition to mineral salts and a carbon substrate, popular CDMYs contain seven to nine B-group vitamins, which are either enzyme cofactors or precursors for their synthesis. Despite the widespread use of CDMY in fundamental and applied yeast research, the relation of their design and composition to the actual vitamin requirements of yeasts has not been subjected to critical review since their first development in the 1940s. Vitamins are formally defined as essential organic molecules that cannot be synthesized by an organism. In yeast physiology, use of the term "vitamin" is primarily based on essentiality for humans, but the genome of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference strain S288C harbours most of the structural genes required for synthesis of the vitamins included in popular CDMY. Here, we review the biochemistry and genetics of the biosynthesis of these compounds by S. cerevisiae and, based on a comparative genomics analysis, assess the diversity within the Saccharomyces genus with respect to vitamin prototrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perli
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Anna K. Wronska
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jack T. Pronk
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Marc Daran
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
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Picariello L, Slaghenaufi D, Ugliano M. Fermentative and post-fermentative oxygenation of Corvina red wine: influence on phenolic and volatile composition, colour and wine oxidative response. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2522-2533. [PMID: 31960975 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the production of red wine, moderate uptake of oxygen in the post-fermentative phase helps the stabilization of colour and the decrease of astringent tannins. However, the influence of oxygen uptake during the fermentative phase in must has not been completely investigated. In this study we evaluated the effect of controlled oxygen supply during fermentation-maceration of Corvina grapes on colour characteristics, tannins, volatile compounds, acetaldehyde production and oxidative stability of the finished wine. RESULTS Oxygen supply during fermentation improved the formations of stable pigments of Corvina wines due to the higher production of acetaldehyde. However, in wines treated with oxygen a lower production of fruity esters by yeasts was observed. Wines obtained from higher oxygen exposure during fermentation-maceration showed reduced ability to react with oxygen during storage. CONCLUSIONS Fermentative and post-fermentative oxygenation should be considered as a technological approach for modifying colour composition and stability, as well as oxidative behaviour of wine during aging. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Picariello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Grape and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, S. Pietro in Cariano, Italy
| | - Davide Slaghenaufi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, S. Pietro in Cariano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ugliano
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, S. Pietro in Cariano, Italy
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Seguinot P, Ortiz-Julien A, Camarasa C. Impact of Nutrient Availability on the Fermentation and Production of Aroma Compounds Under Sequential Inoculation With M. pulcherrima and S. cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:305. [PMID: 32184771 PMCID: PMC7058555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are currently widely used in winemaking to enhance aroma profile diversity among wines. The use of Metschnikowia pulcherrima in sequential inoculation with S. cerevisiae was compared to the inoculation of a pure culture of S. cerevisiae. Moreover, various concentrations of sugar, nitrogen and lipids were tested in synthetic must to assess their impact on fermentation and its outcomes using a Box-Behnken design. Due to its phenotypic specificities, early inoculation with M. pulcherrima led to important modifications, first altering the fermentation kinetics. This may relate, at least in part, to the depletion of some nitrogen sources by M. pulcherrima during the first part of fermentation. Beyond these negative interactions on fermentation performance, comparisons between pure cultures and sequentially inoculated cultures revealed changes in the distribution of carbon fluxes during fermentation in presence of M. pulcherrima, resulting in a positive impact on the production of central carbon metabolites and aromas. Furthermore, the expression of varietal thiols was strongly increased as a consequence of positive interactions between the two species. The mechanism of this release still needs to be investigated. Significant differences in the final concentrations of fermentative and varietal aromas depending on the initial must composition were obtained under both inoculation strategies. Interestingly, the response to changes in nutrient availability varied according to the inoculation modality. In particular, a greater incidence of lipids on the production of fatty acids and their ethyl esters derivatives was found during sequential fermentation compared with pure culture, to be viewed in combination with the metabolic characteristics of M. pulcherrima regarding the production of volatile compounds from acetyl-CoA. Overall, the importance of managing nutrient availability under M. pulcherrima/S. cerevisiae sequential inoculation in order to derive the maximum benefit from the potentialities of the non-Saccharomyces species while carrying out fermentation to dryness was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Seguinot
- SPO, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Lallemand S.A.S, Blagnac, France
| | | | - Carole Camarasa
- SPO, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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16
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Wang J, Chae M, Bressler DC, Sauvageau D. Improved bioethanol productivity through gas flow rate-driven self-cycling fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 31998407 PMCID: PMC6979077 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of the cellulosic ethanol industry is currently impeded by high production costs. One possible solution is to improve the performance of fermentation itself, which has great potential to improve the economics of the entire production process. Here, we demonstrated significantly improved productivity through application of an advanced fermentation approach, named self-cycling fermentation (SCF), for cellulosic ethanol production. RESULTS The flow rate of outlet gas from the fermenter was used as a real-time monitoring parameter to drive the cycling of the ethanol fermentation process. Then, long-term operation of SCF under anaerobic conditions was improved by the addition of ergosterol and fatty acids, which stabilized operation and reduced fermentation time. Finally, an automated SCF system was successfully operated for 21 cycles, with robust behavior and stable ethanol production. SCF maintained similar ethanol titers to batch operation while significantly reducing fermentation and down times. This led to significant improvements in ethanol volumetric productivity (the amount of ethanol produced by a cycle per working volume per cycle time)-ranging from 37.5 to 75.3%, depending on the cycle number, and in annual ethanol productivity (the amount of ethanol that can be produced each year at large scale)-reaching 75.8 ± 2.9%. Improved flocculation, with potential advantages for biomass removal and reduction in downstream costs, was also observed. CONCLUSION Our successful demonstration of SCF could help reduce production costs for the cellulosic ethanol industry through improved productivity and automated operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - David C. Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9 Canada
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da Costa BLV, Raghavendran V, Franco LFM, Chaves Filho ADB, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S, Basso TO, Gombert AK. Forever panting and forever growing: physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at extremely low oxygen availability in the absence of ergosterol and unsaturated fatty acids. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5551481. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We sought to investigate how far the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under full anaerobiosis is dependent on the widely used anaerobic growth factors (AGF) ergosterol and oleic acid. A continuous cultivation setup was employed and, even forcing ultrapure N2 gas through an O2 trap upstream of the bioreactor, neither cells from S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113–7D (a lab strain) nor from PE-2 (an industrial strain) washed out after an aerobic-to-anaerobic switch in the absence of AGF. S. cerevisiae PE-2 seemed to cope better than the laboratory strain with this extremely low O2 availability, since it presented higher biomass yield, lower specific rates of glucose consumption and CO2 formation, and higher survival at low pH. Lipid (fatty acid and sterol) composition dramatically altered when cells were grown anaerobically without AGF: saturated fatty acid, squalene and lanosterol contents increased, when compared to either cells grown aerobically or anaerobically with AGF. We concluded that these lipid alterations negatively affect cell viability during exposure to low pH or high ethanol titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Labate Vale da Costa
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05424-970 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Vijayendran Raghavendran
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Mercier Franco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05424-970 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Olitta Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05424-970 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Andreas Karoly Gombert
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil
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18
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Lee SH, Youn H, Kang SG, Lee HS. Oxygen-mediated growth enhancement of an obligate anaerobic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. J Microbiol 2019; 57:138-142. [PMID: 30706342 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, an obligate anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, showed variable oxygen (O2) sensitivity depending on the types of substrate employed as an energy source. Unexpectedly, the culture with yeast extract as a sole energy source showed enhanced growth by 2-fold in the presence of O2. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of several antioxidant-related genes encoding thioredoxin peroxidase (TON_0862), rubrerythrin (TON_0864), rubrerythrin-related protein (TON_0873), NAD(P)H rubredoxin oxidoreductase (TON_0865), or thioredoxin reductase (TON_1603), which can couple the detoxification of reactive oxygen species with the regeneration of NAD(P)+ from NAD(P)H. We present a plausible mechanism by which O2 serves to maintain the intracellular redox balance. This study demonstrates an unusual strategy of an obligate anaerobe underlying O2-mediated growth enhancement despite not having heme-based or cytochrome-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyuk Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Youn
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740-8034, USA
| | - Sung Gyun Kang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Prusova B, Baron M. Effect of controlled micro-oxygenation on white wine. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20183301078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of controlled micro-oxygenation on the fermentation process of two types of white wine (ʻPinot Blancʼ and ʻPinot Grisʼ). The wine was micro-oxygenated during fermentation and maturation. During fermentation, the antioxidant activity was monitored by the DPPH method and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen content of the amino acids and the number of cells in 1 mL of fermenting must were also monitored. In micro-oxygenated wine, the growth of cell mass in the first third of the fermentation was recorded and showed an increase in ammonia nitrogen consumption compared to the control experiment. During fermentation, a slight increase in antioxidant activity was observed in the micro-oxygenated wine. For the aromatic profile measured by GC analysis, a higher content of aromatics, mainly esters, was observed in the micro-oxygenated wine. This was also present in the sensory evaluation.
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20
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O'Connor-Cox ESC, Lodolo EJ, Axcell BC. Role of Oxygen in High-Gravity Fermentations in the Absence of Unsaturated Lipid Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-51-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. S. C. O'Connor-Cox
- South African Breweries, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 782178, Sandton 2146, RSA
| | - E. J. Lodolo
- South African Breweries, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 782178, Sandton 2146, RSA
| | - B. C. Axcell
- South African Breweries, Research and Development Department, P.O. Box 782178, Sandton 2146, RSA
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21
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Casey GP, Chen ECH, Ingledew WM. High-Gravity Brewing: Production of High Levels of Ethanol without Excessive Concentrations of Esters and Fusel Alcohols. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-43-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Casey
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
| | - E. C.-H. Chen
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
| | - W. M. Ingledew
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
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22
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Casey GP, Ingledew WM. Reevaluation of Alcohol Synthesis and Tolerance in Brewer's Yeast. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-43-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Casey
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
| | - W. M. Ingledew
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0
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23
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O'Connor-Cox ESC, Ingledew WM. Effect of the Timing of Oxygenation on Very High Gravity Brewing Fermentations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-48-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S. C. O'Connor-Cox
- Applied Microbiology and Food Science Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0 WO Canada
| | - W. M. Ingledew
- Applied Microbiology and Food Science Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0 WO Canada
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Miller KJ, Box WG, Boulton CA, Smart KA. Cell Cycle Synchrony of Propagated and Recycled Lager Yeast and its Impact on Lag Phase in Fermenter. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-1216-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Miller
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Wendy G. Box
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Christopher A. Boulton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Katherine A. Smart
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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25
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James M. Direct Supplementation of Yeast with Lipids as a Means to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Formation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0322-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael James
- MillerCoors—Brewing and Research, 3939 W. Highland Blvd., Milwaukee, WI 53208
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Anaerobiosis revisited: growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under extremely low oxygen availability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2101-2116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Moonjai N, Verstrepen KJ, Shen HY, Derdelinckx G, Verachtert H, Delvaux FR. Uptake of Linoleic Acid by Cropped Brewer's Yeast and its Incorporation in Cellular Lipid Fractions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-61-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Moonjai
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - K. J. Verstrepen
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - H.-Y. Shen
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - G. Derdelinckx
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - H. Verachtert
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - F. R. Delvaux
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Ochando T, Mouret JR, Humbert-Goffard A, Sablayrolles JM, Farines V. Impact of initial lipid content and oxygen supply on alcoholic fermentation in champagne-like musts. Food Res Int 2017; 98:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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29
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Lipid engineering reveals regulatory roles for membrane fluidity in yeast flocculation and oxygen-limited growth. Metab Eng 2017; 41:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Patil Y, Junghare M, Müller N. Fermentation of glycerol by Anaerobium acetethylicum and its potential use in biofuel production. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:203-217. [PMID: 28004884 PMCID: PMC5270724 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of biodiesel industries resulted in increased coproduction of crude glycerol which is therefore becoming a waste product instead of a valuable 'coproduct'. Glycerol can be used for the production of valuable chemicals, e.g. biofuels, to reduce glycerol waste disposal. In this study, a novel bacterial strain is described which converts glycerol mainly to ethanol and hydrogen with very little amounts of acetate, formate and 1,2-propanediol as coproducts. The bacterium offers certain advantages over previously studied glycerol-fermenting microorganisms. Anaerobium acetethylicum during growth with glycerol produces very little side products and grows in the presence of maximum glycerol concentrations up to 1500 mM and in the complete absence of complex organic supplements such as yeast extract or tryptone. The highest observed growth rate of 0.116 h-1 is similar to that of other glycerol degraders, and the maximum concentration of ethanol that can be tolerated was found to be about 60 mM (2.8 g l-1 ) and further growth was likely inhibited due to ethanol toxicity. Proteome analysis as well as enzyme assays performed in cell-free extracts demonstrated that glycerol is degraded via glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is further metabolized through the lower part of glycolysis leading to formation of mainly ethanol and hydrogen. In conclusion, fermentation of glycerol to ethanol and hydrogen by this bacterium represents a remarkable option to add value to the biodiesel industries by utilization of surplus glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Patil
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Madan Junghare
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Nicolai Müller
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
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Borrull A, López-Martínez G, Miró-Abella E, Salvadó Z, Poblet M, Cordero-Otero R, Rozès N. New insights into the physiological state of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during ethanol acclimation for producing sparkling wines. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Blomqvist J, Passoth V. Dekkera bruxellensis--spoilage yeast with biotechnological potential, and a model for yeast evolution, physiology and competitiveness. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov021. [PMID: 25956542 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dekkera bruxellensis is a non-conventional yeast normally considered a spoilage organism in wine (off-flavours) and in the bioethanol industry. But it also has potential as production yeast. The species diverged from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 200 mya, before the whole genome duplication. However, it displays similar characteristics such as being Crabtree- and petite positive, and the ability to grow anaerobically. Partial increases in ploidy and promoter rewiring may have enabled evolution of the fermentative lifestyle in D. bruxellensis. On the other hand, it has genes typical for respiratory yeasts, such as for complex I or the alternative oxidase AOX1. Dekkera bruxellensis grows more slowly than S. cerevisiae, but produces similar or greater amounts of ethanol, and very low amounts of glycerol. Glycerol production represents a loss of energy but also functions as a redox sink for NADH formed during synthesis of amino acids and other compounds. Accordingly, anaerobic growth required addition of certain amino acids. In spite of its slow growth, D. bruxellensis outcompeted S. cerevisiae in glucose-limited cultures, indicating a more efficient energy metabolism and/or higher affinity for glucose. This review tries to summarize the latest discoveries about evolution, physiology and metabolism, and biotechnological potential of D. bruxellensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Blomqvist
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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New insights into the capacity of commercial wine yeasts to grow on sparkling wine media. Factor screening for improving wine yeast selection. Food Microbiol 2014; 48:41-8. [PMID: 25790990 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the production of sparkling wine, wine yeasts are subjected to many stress factors apart from ethanol, which lead to the need to achieve their acclimation in line with various industrial protocols. In the present work, 44 commercial wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and one laboratory strain (BY4742) were firstly subjected to the influence of increasing concentrations of ethanol to cluster the yeasts using discriminant function analysis. Afterwards, non-inhibitory concentration (NIC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were estimated, revealing some differences between 24 of these strains. Meanwhile, this study confirms the negative synergistic effect of low pH with ethanol on the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and lag phase time. Moreover, a negative effect of increasing levels of glycerol in the growth medium was observed. Interestingly enough, an interactive positive effect was found between cysteine and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). While cysteine did not have a really significant effect in comparison to the control, it was able to restore the damage caused by MCFA, making the growth rate of cells recover and even reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species. Adequate culture aeration is also crucial for the composition of the cell fatty acid. The final results showed that few differences were observed between NIC and MIC estimations with respect to cells pre-cultured in the presence or absence of oxygen.
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Wasylenko TM, Stephanopoulos G. Metabolomic and (13)C-metabolic flux analysis of a xylose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing xylose isomerase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 112:470-83. [PMID: 25311863 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the engineering of xylose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for production of lignocellulosic biofuels. However, the ethanol productivities achieved on xylose are still significantly lower than those observed on glucose for reasons that are not well understood. We have undertaken an analysis of central carbon metabolite pool sizes and metabolic fluxes on glucose and on xylose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in a strain capable of rapid xylose assimilation via xylose isomerase in order to investigate factors that may limit the rate of xylose fermentation. We find that during xylose utilization the flux through the non-oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is high but the flux through the oxidative PPP is low, highlighting an advantage of the strain employed in this study. Furthermore, xylose fails to elicit the full carbon catabolite repression response that is characteristic of glucose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. We present indirect evidence that the incomplete activation of the fermentation program on xylose results in a bottleneck in lower glycolysis, leading to inefficient re-oxidation of NADH produced in glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Wasylenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachussetts
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Inukai T, Nagi M, Morita A, Tanabe K, Aoyama T, Miyazaki Y, Bard M, Nakayama H. The mannoprotein TIR3 (CAGL0C03872g) is required for sterol uptake in Candida glabrata. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:141-51. [PMID: 25463012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sterol uptake in the pathogenic fungus, Candida glabrata, occurs via the sterol transporter, CgAus1p. Azole inhibition of sterol biosynthesis can under certain circumstances be reversed by adding exogenously sterol. Here we demonstrate that the CgTIR3 (CAGL0C03872g) gene product is also required for sterol uptake, since Cgtir3Δ strains fail to take up sterol both aerobically and under hypoxic conditions. Western analysis using an HA-tagged TIR3 strain showed that CgTir3p localizes to the cell wall, and its expression is induced by serum. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR also showed that two transcription regulatory genes, CgUPC2A and CgUPC2B, control CgTIR3 as well as CgAUS1 gene expression. Interestingly, complementation studies using Cgtir3Δ showed that ScDAN1, a mannoprotein required for sterol uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, could not complement the C. glabrata TIR3 function. Furthermore, sterol analyses, in which both the CgAUS1 and CgTIR3 genes were constitutively expressed, resulted in aerobic sterol uptake although the amount of uptake was considerably less than that of cells cultured aerobically with serum. These results suggest that additional factors other than CgAUS1 and CgTIR3 are required for sterol uptake in C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Inukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan; Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan; Division of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Nagi
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanabe
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aoyama
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzuka National College of Technology, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Martin Bard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, USA
| | - Hironobu Nakayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan.
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Knudsen JD, Carlquist M, Gorwa-Grauslund M. NADH-dependent biosensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: principle and validation at the single cell level. AMB Express 2014; 4:81. [PMID: 25401080 PMCID: PMC4230897 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A reporter system was constructed to measure perturbations in the NADH/NAD+ co-factor balance in yeast, by using the green fluorescent protein gene under the control of the GPD2 promoter that is induced under conditions of excess of NADH. High fluorescence levels were obtained in a glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase double deletion strain (gpd1Δgpd2Δ), which is deficient in the ability to regenerate NAD+ via glycerol formation. The responsiveness of the reporter system to externally induced perturbations in NADH oxidation was also evaluated in the gpd1Δgpd2Δ strain background by addition of acetoin, as well as by introduction of a set of heterologous xylose reductases (XRs) having different selectivities for NADH. Addition of acetoin during cell proliferation under oxygen-limited conditions resulted in a more than 2-fold decrease in mean fluorescence intensity as compared to the control experiment. Strains carrying XRs with different selectivities for NADH could be distinguished at the single cell level, so that the XR with the highest selectivity for NADH displayed the lowest fluorescence. In conclusion, the designed system successfully allowed for monitoring perturbations in the cellular redox metabolism caused by environmental changes, or by heterologous gene expression. The reporter system displayed high resolution in distinguishing cytosolic NADH oxidation capacity and hence has potential to be used for high-throughput screening based on the fluorescence of single cells.
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Tiukova I, Eberhard T, Passoth V. Interaction of Lactobacillus vini with the ethanol-producing yeasts Dekkera bruxellensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:40-4. [PMID: 23772864 PMCID: PMC4033568 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus vini was recently described as a contaminant in industrial ethanol fermentations and its co-occurrence with Dekkera bruxellensis was noted. We investigated the growth characteristics of L. vini in cocultivation together with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or D. bruxellensis. Lower cell numbers of both the yeasts and L. vini as well as a decrease in ethanol and lactate formation in mixed batch cultures compared with pure cultures were noted. L. vini formed cell aggregates (flocs) in all cultivation media with different shapes in Man–Rogosa–Sharpe and yeast extract–peptone–dextrose media. Flocs’ size and proportion of cells bound to flocs increased with increasing ethanol concentration. In coculture, formation of lactic acid bacteria–yeast cell aggregates consisting of a bacterial core with an outer layer of yeast cells was observed. L. vini–D. bruxellensis flocs had a bigger surface, due to cells protruding from the pseudomycelium. The involvement of mannose residues in the flocculation between L. vini and yeasts was tested. The presence of mannose induced deflocculation in a concentration-dependent manner. Less mannose was required for the deflocculation of D. bruxellensis as compared with S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia Tiukova
- Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Moenne MI, Mouret JR, Sablayrolles JM, Agosin E, Farines V. Control of bubble-free oxygenation with silicone tubing during alcoholic fermentation. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Satomura A, Katsuyama Y, Miura N, Kuroda K, Tomio A, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Ueda M. Acquisition of thermotolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by breeding via stepwise adaptation. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1116-23. [PMID: 24115578 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain, YK60-1, was bred from a parental strain, MT8-1, via stepwise adaptation. YK60-1 grew at 40°C, a temperature at which MT8-1 could not grow at all. YK60-1 exhibited faster growth than MT8-1 at 30°C. To investigate the mechanisms how MT8-1 acquired thermotolerance, DNA microarray analysis was performed. The analysis revealed the induction of stress-responsive genes such as those encoding heat shock proteins and trehalose biosynthetic enzymes in YK60-1. Furthermore, nontargeting metabolome analysis showed that YK60-1 accumulated more trehalose, a metabolite that contributes to stress tolerance in yeast, than MT8-1. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae MT8-1 acquired thermotolerance by induction of specific stress-responsive genes and enhanced intracellular trehalose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Satomura
- Div. of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Battley EH. A theoretical study of the thermodynamics of microbial growth using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a different free energy equation. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2013; 88:69-96. [PMID: 23909225 DOI: 10.1086/670529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microbial growth is a biological process that has been previously treated as a chemical reaction operating in accord with the Gibbs free energy equation, Delta G = Delta H-T Delta S. The heat of yeast growth was the first to be measured, in 1856, by direct calorimetry of a large wine vat. Until then there was a tendency for biologists to continue with the old notion that the energy change accompanying the growth of microorganisms was reflected in the amount of heat that was produced during this process. The application of chemical thermodynamics to systems involving microbial growth did not occur until much later. The full application of the Gibbs equation to microbial growth did not take place until the experimental measurement of yeast cell entropy was made in 1997 Further investigations then showed that the quantity of thermal energy for solid substances represented by TS was twice that of the quantity of thermal energy represented by Qab that is experimentally necessary to raise T of a substance from 0/K to T/K. Since there can only be one value for this, the use of the equation Delta X = Delta H-Delta Qab was investigated with respect to microbial growth, and is described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin H Battley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA.
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41
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Heavner BD, Smallbone K, Price ND, Walker LP. Version 6 of the consensus yeast metabolic network refines biochemical coverage and improves model performance. Database (Oxford) 2013; 2013:bat059. [PMID: 23935056 PMCID: PMC3739857 DOI: 10.1093/database/bat059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Updates to maintain a state-of-the art reconstruction of the yeast metabolic network are essential to reflect our understanding of yeast metabolism and functional organization, to eliminate any inaccuracies identified in earlier iterations, to improve predictive accuracy and to continue to expand into novel subsystems to extend the comprehensiveness of the model. Here, we present version 6 of the consensus yeast metabolic network (Yeast 6) as an update to the community effort to computationally reconstruct the genome-scale metabolic network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c. Yeast 6 comprises 1458 metabolites participating in 1888 reactions, which are annotated with 900 yeast genes encoding the catalyzing enzymes. Compared with Yeast 5, Yeast 6 demonstrates improved sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for predicting gene essentiality in glucose-limited aerobic conditions when analyzed with flux balance analysis. Additionally, Yeast 6 improves the accuracy of predicting the likelihood that a mutation will cause auxotrophy. The network reconstruction is available as a Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) file enriched with Minimium Information Requested in the Annotation of Biochemical Models (MIRIAM)-compliant annotations. Small- and macromolecules in the network are referenced to authoritative databases such as Uniprot or ChEBI. Molecules and reactions are also annotated with appropriate publications that contain supporting evidence. Yeast 6 is freely available at http://yeast.sf.net/ as three separate SBML files: a model using the SBML level 3 Flux Balance Constraint package, a model compatible with the MATLAB® COBRA Toolbox for backward compatibility and a reconstruction containing only reactions for which there is experimental evidence (without the non-biological reactions necessary for simulating growth). Database URL: http://yeast.sf.net/
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Heavner
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK and Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kieran Smallbone
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK and Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathan D. Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK and Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Larry P. Walker
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK and Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Transcriptome-based characterization of interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in lactose-grown chemostat cocultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5949-61. [PMID: 23872557 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01115-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and lactic acid bacteria occur in many dairy, food, and beverage fermentations, but knowledge about their interactions is incomplete. In the present study, interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, two microorganisms that co-occur in kefir fermentations, were studied during anaerobic growth on lactose. By combining physiological and transcriptome analysis of the two strains in the cocultures, five mechanisms of interaction were identified. (i) Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus hydrolyzes lactose, which cannot be metabolized by S. cerevisiae, to galactose and glucose. Subsequently, galactose, which cannot be metabolized by Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, is excreted and provides a carbon source for yeast. (ii) In pure cultures, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus grows only in the presence of increased CO2 concentrations. In anaerobic mixed cultures, the yeast provides this CO2 via alcoholic fermentation. (iii) Analysis of amino acid consumption from the defined medium indicated that S. cerevisiae supplied alanine to the bacterium. (iv) A mild but significant low-iron response in the yeast transcriptome, identified by DNA microarray analysis, was consistent with the chelation of iron by the lactate produced by Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. (v) Transcriptome analysis of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in mixed cultures showed an overrepresentation of transcripts involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting either a competition of the two microorganisms for fatty acids or a response to the ethanol produced by S. cerevisiae. This study demonstrates that chemostat-based transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to investigate microbial interactions in mixed populations.
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David MH, Kirsop BH. YEAST GROWTH IN RELATION TO THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND STEROL CONTENT OF WORT. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1973.tb03491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Quain DE. CAMBRIDGE PRIZE LECTURE: STUDIES ON YEAST PHYSIOLOGY-IMPACT ON FERMENTATION PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY*. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1988.tb04589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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David MH. ABSENCE OF NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS BY BREWER'S YEAST IN MALT WORT. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1974.tb03586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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SELECTIVESACCHAROMYCESMEDIA CONTAINING ERGOSTEROL AND TWEEN 80. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1978.tb03904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Konttinen K, Suomalainen H. EFFECT OF INCORPORATING ADDITIONAL OLEIC ACID INTO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF BAKER'S YEAST ON THE PERMEATION OF PYRUVIC ACID. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1977.tb03804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Hennessy JP. CYTOCHROME PIGMENTS OF BAKER'S AND BREWER'S YEASTS. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1962.tb01874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Taylor GT, Thurston PA, Kirsop BH. THE INFLUENCE OF LIPIDS DERIVED FROM MALT SPENT GRAINS ON YEAST METABOLISM AND FERMENTATION. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1979.tb03911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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