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Lu H, Hou L, Zhang Y, Guo T, Wang Y, Xing M. Polystyrene microplastics mediate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in the G2/M phase through ROS in grass carp kidney cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1923-1935. [PMID: 38064284 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted widespread worldwide attention as a new pollutant. However, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle in nephrotoxicity induced by different concentrations of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) is unknown. This study used grass carp kidney cells (CIK) treated with different concentrations of PS-MPs (0, 0.012, 0.0625, and 0.5 mg L-1 ) as subjects. With the increase of PS-MPs concentration, the levels of ROS and malonaldehyde increased, while the level of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) activity decreased. The expression of BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1), CDK2, CyclinB1, cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20), and B-cell lymphoma-2, sequestosome 1 decreased significantly. Nevertheless, the expression of Caspase 3, Cleave-Caspase 3, cytochrome c (Cytc), BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), Cleave-PARP, Caspase 9, autophagy immunoblot kit (LC3), and Beclin1 increased. Our research shows that PS-MPs can trigger oxidative stress and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in CIK cells by regulating ROS. This work provides a theoretical basis for cellular biology and toxicology mechanisms and new insights into the potential risks to animals from MPs exposure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Stern AD, Smith GR, Santos LC, Sarmah D, Zhang X, Lu X, Iuricich F, Pandey G, Iyengar R, Birtwistle MR. Relating individual cell division events to single-cell ERK and Akt activity time courses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18077. [PMID: 36302844 PMCID: PMC9613772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical correlates of stochastic single-cell fates have been elusive, even for the well-studied mammalian cell cycle. We monitored single-cell dynamics of the ERK and Akt pathways, critical cell cycle progression hubs and anti-cancer drug targets, and paired them to division events in the same single cells using the non-transformed MCF10A epithelial line. Following growth factor treatment, in cells that divide both ERK and Akt activities are significantly higher within the S-G2 time window (~ 8.5-40 h). Such differences were much smaller in the pre-S-phase, restriction point window which is traditionally associated with ERK and Akt activity dependence, suggesting unappreciated roles for ERK and Akt in S through G2. Simple metrics of central tendency in this time window are associated with subsequent cell division fates. ERK activity was more strongly associated with division fates than Akt activity, suggesting Akt activity dynamics may contribute less to the decision driving cell division in this context. We also find that ERK and Akt activities are less correlated with each other in cells that divide. Network reconstruction experiments demonstrated that this correlation behavior was likely not due to crosstalk, as ERK and Akt do not interact in this context, in contrast to other transformed cell types. Overall, our findings support roles for ERK and Akt activity throughout the cell cycle as opposed to just before the restriction point, and suggest ERK activity dynamics may be more important than Akt activity dynamics for driving cell division in this non-transformed context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Stern
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis C Santos
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepraj Sarmah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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Yan C, Niu Y, Li F, Zhao W, Ma L. System analysis based on the pyroptosis-related genes identifies GSDMC as a novel therapy target for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:455. [PMID: 36199146 PMCID: PMC9533512 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death that highly correlated with the prognosis of tumors. However, the prognostic value of pyroptosis in PAAD remains unclear. Methods A total of 178 pancreatic cancer PAAD samples and 167 normal samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The “DESeq2” R package was used to identify differntially expressed pyroptosis-related genes between normal pancreatic samples and PAAD samples. The prognostic model was established in TCGA cohort based on univariate Cox and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, which was validated in test set from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. Univariate independent prognostic analysis and multivariate independent prognostic analysis were used to determine whether the risk score can be used as an independent prognostic factor to predict the clinicopathological features of PAAD patients. A nomogram was used to predict the survival probability of PAAD patients, which could help in clinical decision-making. The R package "pRRophetic" was applied to calculate the drug sensitivity of each samples from high- and low-risk group. Tumor immune infiltration was investigated using an ESTIMATE algorithm. Finally, the pro‐tumor phenotype of GSDMC was explored in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells. Result On the basis of univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses, we constructed a risk model with identified five pyroptosis-related genes (IL18, CASP4, NLRP1, GSDMC, and NLRP2), which was validated in the test set. The PAAD samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups on the basis of the risk score's median. According to Kaplan Meier curve analysis, samples from high-risk groups had worse outcomes than those from low-risk groups. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that the risk model could predict the prognosis of PAAD accurately. A nomogram accompanied by calibration curves was presented for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival in PAAD patients. More importantly, 4 small molecular compounds (A.443654, PD.173074, Epothilone. B, Lapatinib) were identified, which might be potential drugs for the treatment of PAAD patients. Finally, the depletion of GSDMC inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Conclusion In this study, we developed a pyroptosis-related prognostic model based on IL18, CASP4, NLRP1, NLRP2, and GSDMC , which may be helpful for clinicians to make clinical decisions for PAAD patients and provide valuable insights for individualized treatment. Our result suggest that GSDMC may promote the proliferation and migration of PAAD cell lines. These findings may provide new insights into the roles of pyroptosis-related genes in PAAD, and offer new therapeutic targets for the treatment of PAAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03632-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Yandie Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Liukai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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Zeng X, Xu W, Tong J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Liu M, Wu C, Yu Q, Ye C, Wu C, Wu Y, Yan H. SPAG5 as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target via regulating AKT pathway in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:2565-2572. [PMID: 35730922 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2086247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SPAG5, as a spindle-associated protein in mitosis, has been observed to have oncogenic activities in solid tumors. Here, we identified that SPAG5 expression was correlated with the deterioration of plasma cell malignancy and SPAG5 overexpression (OE) predicted unfavorable outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM). SPAG5 knockdown led to anti-MM effects in MM cell lines and animal xenograft models by regulating cell growth and apoptosis. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was enriched in MM samples with highly expressed SPAG5 from GSE datasets. There was a concurrent downregulation of phosphorylation levels in the AKT/mTOR pathway. Yet OE of SPAG5 could restore the cell growth and p-AKT levels in MM cells after treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK2206. Taken together, SPAG5 could serve as a novel biomarker, and targeting the SPAG5 might have therapeutic potential in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjing Tong
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of General Practice, Xinrui Hospital of Xinwu District, Wuxi (Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenjing Ye
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Research Units of Stress and Tumor (2019RU043), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Augusto TV, Amaral C, Wang Y, Chen S, Almeida CF, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G. Effects of PI3K inhibition in AI-resistant breast cancer cell lines: autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:227-240. [PMID: 34498152 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The aromatase inhibitors (AIs), Anastrozole (Ana), Letrozole (Let), and Exemestane (Exe) are a first-line treatment option for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors, in postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, the development of acquired resistance to this therapy is a major drawback. The involvement of PI3K in resistance, through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival pathway or through a cytoprotective autophagic process, is widely described. MATERIALS AND METHODS The involvement of autophagy in response to Ana and Let treatments and the effects of the combination of BYL-719, a PI3K inhibitor, with AIs were explored in AI-resistant breast cancer cell lines (LTEDaro, AnaR, LetR, and ExeR). RESULTS We demonstrate that Ana and Let treatments do not promote autophagy in resistant breast cancer cells, contrary to Exe. Moreover, the combinations of BYL-719 with AIs decrease cell viability by different mechanisms by nonsteroidal vs. steroidal AIs. The combination of BYL-719 with Ana or Let induced cell cycle arrest while the combination with Exe promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, BYL-719 decreased AnaR, LetR, and ExeR cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, being more effective in the ExeR cell line. This decrease was further exacerbated by ICI 182,780. CONCLUSION These results corroborate the lack of cross-resistance between AIs verified in the clinic, excluding autophagy as a mechanism of resistance to Ana or Let and supporting the ongoing clinical trials combining BYL-719 with AIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago V Augusto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Cristina F Almeida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Induction of G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest via p38/p21 Waf1/Cip1-Dependent Signaling Pathway Activation by Bavachinin in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26175161. [PMID: 34500594 PMCID: PMC8434044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant cancer in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major category of lung cancer. Although effective therapies have been administered, for improving the NSCLC patient’s survival, the incident rate is still high. Therefore, searching for a good strategy for preventing NSCLC is urgent. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are brilliant materials for cancer chemoprevention, because of their high biological safety and low cost. Bavachinin, which is an active flavanone of Proralea corylifolia L., possesses anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-cancer activities. The present study’s aim was to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of bavachinin on NSCLC, and its regulating molecular mechanisms. The results exhibited that a dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability and colony formation capacity of three NSCLC cell lines, by bavachinin, were through G2/M cell cycle arrest induction. Meanwhile, the expression of the G2/M cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin B, p-cdc2Y15, p-cdc2T161, and p-wee1, was suppressed. With the dramatic up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21Waf1/Cip1, the expression and association of p21Waf1/Cip1 with the cyclin B/cdc2 complex was observed. Silencing the p21Waf1/Cip1 expression significantly rescued bavachinin-induced G2/M cell accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA was up-regulated in bavachinin-treated NSCLC cells. In addition, MAPK and AKT signaling were activated in bavachinin-added NSCLC cells. Interestingly, bavachinin-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 expression was repressed after restraint p38 MAPK activation. The inhibition of p38 MAPK activation reversed bavachinin-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA expression and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Collectively, bavachinin-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest was through the p38 MAPK-mediated p21Waf1/Cip1-dependent signaling pathway in the NSCLC cells.
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Liu X, Toyo-Oka K. High-throughput kinase inhibitor screening reveals roles for Aurora and Nuak kinases in neurite initiation and dendritic branching. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8156. [PMID: 33854138 PMCID: PMC8047044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are essential regulators of a variety of cellular signaling processes, including neurite formation—a foundational step in neurodevelopment. Aberrant axonal sprouting and failed regeneration of injured axons are associated with conditions like traumatic injury, neurodegenerative disease, and seizures. Investigating the mechanisms underlying neurite formation will allow for identification of potential therapeutics. We used a kinase inhibitor library to screen 493 kinase inhibitors and observed that 45% impacted neuritogenesis in Neuro2a (N-2a) cells. Based on the screening, we further investigated the roles of Aurora kinases A, B, and C and Nuak kinases 1 and 2. The roles of Aurora and Nuak kinases have not been thoroughly studied in the nervous system. Inhibition or overexpression of Aurora and Nuak kinases in primary cortical neurons resulted in various neuromorphological defects, with Aurora A regulating neurite initiation, Aurora B and C regulating neurite initiation and elongation, all Aurora kinases regulating arborization, and all Nuak kinases regulating neurite initiation and elongation and arborization. Our high-throughput screening and analysis of Aurora and Nuak kinases revealed their functions and may contribute to the identification of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
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Xie X, Zu X, Laster K, Dong Z, Kim DJ. 2,6-DMBQ suppresses cell proliferation and migration via inhibiting mTOR/AKT and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in NSCLC cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 145:279-288. [PMID: 33602509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) is the major bioactive compound found in fermented wheat germ extract. Although fermented wheat germ extract has been reported to show anti-proliferative and anti-metabolic effects in various cancers, the anticancer potential and molecular mechanisms exerted by 2,6-DMBQ have not been investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Here, we report that 2,6-DMBQ suppresses NSCLC cell growth and migration through inhibiting activation of AKT and p38 MAPK. 2,6-DMBQ significantly suppressed anchorage-dependent and independent cell growth. Additionally, 2,6-DMBQ induced G2 phase cell cycle arrest through inhibiting the expression and phosphorylation of cyclin B1 and CDC2, respectively. Furthermore, 2,6-DMBQ strongly suppressed NSCLC cell migration through induction of E-cadherin expression. To determine the molecular mechanism(s) exerted by 2,6-DMBQ upon NSCLC cell lines, various signaling kinases were screened; the results indicate that 2,6-DMBQ strongly inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT and p38 MAPK. Additionally, the growth kinetics of cells treated with an AKT or p38 MAPK inhibitor in combination with 2,6-DMBQ indicate that 2,6-DMBQ suppresses NSCLC cell growth and migration through inhibition of AKT and p38 MAPK. Taken together, our results suggest that 2,6-DMBQ is a potential anticancer reagent against NSCLC cells and could be useful for treating lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Xueyin Zu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.
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Bennison SA, Blazejewski SM, Smith TH, Toyo-Oka K. Protein kinases: master regulators of neuritogenesis and therapeutic targets for axon regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1511-1530. [PMID: 31659414 PMCID: PMC7166181 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proper neurite formation is essential for appropriate neuronal morphology to develop and defects at this early foundational stage have serious implications for overall neuronal function. Neuritogenesis is tightly regulated by various signaling mechanisms that control the timing and placement of neurite initiation, as well as the various processes necessary for neurite elongation to occur. Kinases are integral components of these regulatory pathways that control the activation and inactivation of their targets. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the kinases that are notably involved in regulating neurite formation, which is a complex process that involves cytoskeletal rearrangements, addition of plasma membrane to increase neuronal surface area, coupling of cytoskeleton/plasma membrane, metabolic regulation, and regulation of neuronal differentiation. Since kinases are key regulators of these functions during neuromorphogenesis, they have high potential for use as therapeutic targets for axon regeneration after injury or disease where neurite formation is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
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Si W, Lyu J, Liu Z, Wang C, Huang J, Jiang L, Ma T. Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and enhances the chemo-response in gastric cancer by suppressing AKt activation. J Cancer 2019; 10:5843-5851. [PMID: 31737120 PMCID: PMC6843881 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence and mortality rate of gastric cancer has markedly declined over the past few decades, due to the progress and advances in the development of diagnostic and treatment regimens. However, there is still a large portion of patients who are first diagnosed during the advanced stage of gastric cancer when chemotherapy is needed. Unfortunately, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is the most frequent occurrence during treatment, which indicates a need for the discovery of novel therapeutic anticancer drugs. Methods: The tumor-suppression effect of eight different cucurbitacins was evaluated in gastric cancer cell lines, and the Cucurbitacin E (CuE) showing the greatest effect was used in further studies to explore the mechanism and potential synergistic effect of Dox both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Compared with other cucurbitacins, CuE showed the greatest antiproliferative activity against the gastric cancer cell lines. Further investigations revealed that CuE suppressed the growth of gastric cancer cell lines through the induction of G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis by impairing AKt activation and reducing its expression in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, our results indicate that CuE can significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Dox) both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, we present the first evidence of the efficacy of CuE for the inhibition of gastric cancer growth and the synergistic antitumorigenic effect of CuE and Dox, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Si
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital), Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia Lyu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhengchuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310014, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Genetron Health (Hangzhou) Medical Laboratory Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Genetron Health (Hangzhou) Medical Laboratory Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310014, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310014, China
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11
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Liu F, Zu X, Xie X, Zhang Y, Liu K, Chen H, Wang T, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Scutellarin Suppresses Patient-Derived Xenograft Tumor Growth by Directly Targeting AKT in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:849-860. [PMID: 31554627 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scutellarin is a flavonoid compound that is found in Scutellaria barbata It has been reported to exhibit anticancer and anti-inflammation activities. However, the anticancer properties of scutellarin and its molecular targets have not been investigated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the current study, we report that scutellarin is a potential AKT inhibitor that suppresses patient-derived xenograft ESCC tumor growth. To identify possible molecular targets of scutellarin, potential candidate proteins were screened by an in vitro kinase assay and Western blotting. We found that scutellarin directly binds to the AKT1/2 proteins and inhibits activities of AKT1/2 in vitro The AKT protein is activated in ESCC tissues and knockdown of AKT significantly suppresses growth of ESCC cells. Scutellarin significantly inhibits anchorage-dependent and independent cell growth and induces G2 phase cell-cycle arrest in ESCC cells. The inhibition of cell growth by scutellarin is dependent on the expression of the AKT protein. Notably, scutellarin strongly suppresses patient-derived xenograft ESCC tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. Taken together, our data suggest that scutellarin is a novel AKT inhibitor that may prevent progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China
| | - Xueyin Zu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ting Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Henan, China. .,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Lewis CS, Thomas HE, Orr-Asman M, Green LC, Boody RE, Matiash K, Karve A, Hisada YM, Davis HW, Qi X, Mercer C, Lucas FV, Aronow BJ, Mackman N, Versteeg HH, Bogdanov VY. mTOR kinase inhibition reduces tissue factor expression and growth of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:169-182. [PMID: 30472780 PMCID: PMC6345540 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Tissue factor (TF) isoforms are expressed in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). TF knockdown inhibits proliferation of human pNET cells in vitro. mTOR kinase inhibitor sapanisertib/MLN0128 suppresses TF expression in human pNET cells. Sapanisertib suppresses TF expression and activity and reduces the growth of pNET tumors in vivo. SUMMARY: Background Full-length tissue factor (flTF) and alternatively spliced TF (asTF) contribute to growth and spread of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. It is unknown, however, if flTF and/or asTF contribute to the pathobiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Objective To assess TF expression in pNETs and the effects of mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) inhibition on pNET growth. Methods Human pNET specimens were immunostained for TF. Human pNET cell lines QGP1 and BON were evaluated for TF expression and responsiveness to mTOR inhibition. shRNA were used to knock down TF in BON. TF cofactor activity was assessed using a two-step FXa generation assay. TF promoter activity was assessed using transient transfection of human TF promoter-driven reporter constructs into cells. Mice bearing orthotopic BON tumors were treated with the mTORC1/2 ATP site competitive inhibitor sapanisertib/MLN0128 (3 mg kg-1 , oral gavage) for 34 days. Results Immunostaining of pNET tissue revealed flTF and asTF expression. BON and QGP1 expressed both TF isoforms, with BON exhibiting higher levels. shRNA directed against TF suppressed BON proliferation in vitro. Treatment of BON with sapanisertib inhibited mTOR signaling and suppressed TF levels. BON tumors grown in mice treated with sapanisertib had significantly less TF protein and cofactor activity, and were smaller compared with tumors grown in control mice. Conclusions TF isoforms are expressed in pNETs. Sapanisertib suppresses TF mRNA and protein expression as well as TF cofactor activity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical utility of TF-suppressing mTORC1/2 inhibitor sapanisertib in pNET management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Lewis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Hala Elnakat Thomas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Melissa Orr-Asman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Lisa C Green
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Rachel E Boody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Kateryna Matiash
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Yohei M. Hisada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Carol Mercer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Fred V Lucas
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Computational Medicine and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Vladimir Y Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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13
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Activation of S6 signaling is associated with cell survival and multinucleation in hyperplastic skin after epidermal loss of AURORA-A Kinase. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:548-564. [PMID: 30050055 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitosis in the progression of precancerous skin remains poorly understood. To address this question, we deleted the mitotic Kinase Aurora-A (Aur-A) in hyperplastic mutant p53 mouse skin as an experimental tool to study the G2/M transition in precancerous keratinocytes and AUR-A's role in this process. Epidermal Aur-A deletion (Aur-AepiΔ) led to marked keratinocyte enlargement, pleomorphism, multinucleation, and attenuated induction of cell death. This phenotype was characteristic of slippage after a stalled mitosis. We also observed altered or impaired epidermal differentiation, indicative of a partial skin barrier defect. The upregulation of mTOR/PI3K signaling was implicated as a mechanism by which keratinocytes may evade cell death after AUR-A deficiency. This was evidenced by the ectopic expression of the pathway readout, p-S6, in the basal layer of Aur-AepiΔ skin and its mitotic upregulation in isolated keratinocytes. We further tested whether our findings were extended to skin carcinoma cells. The chemical inhibition of AUR-A led to a similar mitotic delay, polyploidy/multinucleation, and attenuated cell death in skin cancer cell lines. Moreover, inhibition of mTOR/PI3K signaling ameliorated the effects caused by the deficiency of AUR-A activity but was also associated with the persistence of mitotic p-S6 detection in surviving cancer cells. These results show the induction of multinucleation/polyploidy may be a compensatory state in keratinocytes that allows for cellular survival and maintenance of partial barrier function in face of aberrant cell division or differentiation. Moreover, mTOR/PI3K signaling is active in the mitosis of hyperplastic keratinocytes expressing mutant p53 and is further enhanced by stalled mitosis, indicating a potential resistance mechanism to the use of anti-mitotic drugs in the treatment of skin cancers.
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14
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Arora N, Gavya S L, Ghosh SS. Multi-facet implications of PEGylated lysozyme stabilized-silver nanoclusters loaded recombinant PTEN cargo in cancer theranostics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1116-1127. [PMID: 29384195 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amalgamation of delivery and tracking of therapeutically relevant moieties on a single platform is made possible by the application of metal nanoclusters, an innovative class of luminescent nanomaterials. Metal nanoclusters, possessing molecule-like attributes, display extraordinary size and shape tunable properties befitting theranostic applications. Herein, we report successful assembly of therapeutically significant phosphatase protein PTEN and fluorescent lysozyme-stabilized silver nanoclusters to accomplish delivery and tracking of the protein. Down-regulation of PTEN perturbs the cellular networking leading to copious pathological conditions. The integration of purified recombinant PTEN with silver nanoclusters was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy study. A key feature of this study is the use of polyethylene glycol coating that allows fabrication of the assembly into spherical nanocomposites as characterized by transmission electron microscope along with retention of both optical functionality of the cluster and biological activity of the protein. Prior to cellular application, the functional integrity of PTEN in the composite was determined in vitro, by enzymatic assay employing para-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. Cellular internalization of the cargo was studied by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The efficacy of the payload on modulation of cellular signaling was assessed on cell lines that expressed PTEN differentially. PTEN null U-87 MG and PTEN expressing MCF7 cell lines displayed successful alteration of AKT and FAK signaling proteins culminating in cell cycle arrest and reduced wound healing capacity. A dose dependent reduction in cell proliferation of MCF7 cells was achieved. For U-87 MG, treatment with the payload resulted in chemosensitization toward anti-cancer drug erlotinib. Thus, PEG coated GST-PTEN loaded silver nanoclusters serves as a comprehensive system encompassing cellular imaging and protein delivery with potential biomedical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Lalitha Gavya S
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Siddhartha S Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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15
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Fischer M, Müller GA. Cell cycle transcription control: DREAM/MuvB and RB-E2F complexes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:638-662. [PMID: 28799433 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1360836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The precise timing of cell cycle gene expression is critical for the control of cell proliferation; de-regulation of this timing promotes the formation of cancer and leads to defects during differentiation and development. Entry into and progression through S phase requires expression of genes coding for proteins that function in DNA replication. Expression of a distinct set of genes is essential to pass through mitosis and cytokinesis. Expression of these groups of cell cycle-dependent genes is regulated by the RB pocket protein family, the E2F transcription factor family, and MuvB complexes together with B-MYB and FOXM1. Distinct combinations of these transcription factors promote the transcription of the two major groups of cell cycle genes that are maximally expressed either in S phase (G1/S) or in mitosis (G2/M). In this review, we discuss recent work that has started to uncover the molecular mechanisms controlling the precisely timed expression of these genes at specific cell cycle phases, as well as the repression of the genes when a cell exits the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Gerd A Müller
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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16
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Shirakawa J, Fernandez M, Takatani T, El Ouaamari A, Jungtrakoon P, Okawa ER, Zhang W, Yi P, Doria A, Kulkarni RN. Insulin Signaling Regulates the FoxM1/PLK1/CENP-A Pathway to Promote Adaptive Pancreatic β Cell Proliferation. Cell Metab 2017; 25:868-882.e5. [PMID: 28286049 PMCID: PMC5382039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-cycle kinetics in mammalian pancreatic β cells has mostly focused on transition from the quiescent (G0) to G1 phase. Here, we report that centromere protein A (CENP-A), which is required for chromosome segregation during the M-phase, is necessary for adaptive β cell proliferation. Receptor-mediated insulin signaling promotes DNA-binding activity of FoxM1 to regulate expression of CENP-A and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) by modulating cyclin-dependent kinase-1/2. CENP-A deposition at the centromere is augmented by PLK1 to promote mitosis, while knocking down CENP-A limits β cell proliferation and survival. CENP-A deficiency in β cells leads to impaired adaptive proliferation in response to pregnancy, acute and chronic insulin resistance, and aging in mice. Insulin-stimulated CENP-A/PLK1 protein expression is blunted in islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. These data implicate the insulin-FoxM1/PLK1/CENP-A pathway-regulated mitotic cell-cycle progression as an essential component in the β cell adaptation to delay and/or prevent progression to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Prapaporn Jungtrakoon
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erin R Okawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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17
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Zhao G, Han X, Cheng W, Ni J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Song Z. Apigenin inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human melanoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2277-2285. [PMID: 28260058 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most invasive and fatal form of cutaneous cancer. Moreover it is extremely resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Apigenin, a non-mutagenic flavonoid, has been found to exhibit chemopreventive and/or anticancerogenic properties in many different types of human cancer cells. Therefore, apigenin may have particular relevance for development as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of apigenin on the viability, migration and invasion potential, dendrite morphology, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in human melanoma A375 and C8161 cell lines in vitro. Apigenin effectively suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro. Moreover, it inhibited cell migration and invasion, lengthened the dendrites, and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, apigenin promoted the activation of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP proteins and decreased the expression of phosphorylated (p)‑ERK1/2 proteins, p-AKT and p-mTOR. Consequently, apigenin is a novel therapeutic candidate for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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18
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Jain MV, Shareef A, Likus W, Cieślar-Pobuda A, Ghavami S, Łos MJ. Inhibition of miR301 enhances Akt-mediated cell proliferation by accumulation of PTEN in nucleus and its effects on cell-cycle regulatory proteins. Oncotarget 2016; 7:20953-65. [PMID: 26967567 PMCID: PMC4991504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRs) represent an innovative class of genes that act as regulators of gene expression. Recently, the aberrant expression of several miRs has been associated with different types of cancers. In this study, we show that miR301 inhibition influences PI3K-Akt pathway activity. Akt overexpression in MCF7 and MDAMB468 cells caused downregulation of miR301 expression. This effect was confirmed by co-transfection of miR301-modulators in the presence of Akt. Cells overexpressing miR301-inhibitor and Akt, exhibited increased migration and proliferation. Experimental results also confirmed PI3K, PTEN and FoxF2 as regulatory targets for miR301. Furthermore, Akt expression in conjunction with miR301-inhibitor increased nuclear accumulation of PTEN, thus preventing it from downregulating the PI3K-signalling. In summary, our data emphasize the importance of miR301 inhibition on PI3K-Akt pathway-mediated cellular functions. Hence, it opens new avenues for the development of new anti-cancer agents preferentially targeting PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur V. Jain
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ahmad Shareef
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wirginia Likus
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Cieślar-Pobuda
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linköping, Sweden
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19
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Chen J, Li L, Su J, Li B, Chen T, Ling F, Zhang X. Enhancing effect of natural borneol on the cellular uptake of demethoxycurcumin and their combined induction of G2/M arrest in HepG2 cells via ROS generation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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20
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Gupte TM. Mitochondrial Fragmentation Due to Inhibition of Fusion Increases Cyclin B through Mitochondrial Superoxide Radicals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126829. [PMID: 26000631 PMCID: PMC4441460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the cell cycle, mitochondria undergo regulated changes in morphology. Two particularly interesting events are first, mitochondrial hyperfusion during the G1-S transition and second, fragmentation during entry into mitosis. The mitochondria remain fragmented between late G2- and mitotic exit. This mitotic mitochondrial fragmentation constitutes a checkpoint in some cell types, of which little is known. We bypass the ‘mitotic mitochondrial fragmentation’ checkpoint by inducing fragmented mitochondrial morphology and then measure the effect on cell cycle progression. Using Drosophila larval hemocytes, Drosophila S2R+ cell and cells in the pouch region of wing imaginal disc of Drosophila larvae we show that inhibiting mitochondrial fusion, thereby increasing fragmentation, causes cellular hyperproliferation and an increase in mitotic index. However, mitochondrial fragmentation due to over-expression of the mitochondrial fission machinery does not cause these changes. Our experiments suggest that the inhibition of mitochondrial fusion increases superoxide radical content and leads to the upregulation of cyclin B that culminates in the observed changes in the cell cycle. We provide evidence for the importance of mitochondrial superoxide in this process. Our results provide an insight into the need for mitofusin-degradation during mitosis and also help in understanding the mechanism by which mitofusins may function as tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M. Gupte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), UAS-GKVK campus, Bellary road, Bangalore, 560 065, Karnataka, India
- inStem, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK post, Bellary road, Bangalore, 560 065, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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21
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Jeffery J, Neyt C, Moore W, Paterson S, Bower NI, Chenevix‐Trench G, Verkade H, Hogan BM, Khanna KK. Cep55 regulates embryonic growth and development by promoting Akt stability in zebrafish. FASEB J 2015; 29:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Jeffery
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Christine Neyt
- Vascular Biology and Development Laboratory, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Wade Moore
- Zebrafish Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Vascular Biology and Development Laboratory, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Neil I. Bower
- Vascular Biology and Development Laboratory, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Georgia Chenevix‐Trench
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Heather Verkade
- Zebrafish Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Vascular Biology and Development Laboratory, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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22
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Rasul A, Zhao BJ, Liu J, Liu B, Sun JX, Li J, Li XM. Molecular Mechanisms of Casticin Action: an Update on its Antitumor Functions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9049-58. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Shi H, Wu W, Luo J. Investigation of the effect of nocodazole on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in COS7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3233-40. [PMID: 25323455 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that nocodazole suppresses Akt phosphorylation; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, the mechanism of nocodazole‑induced suppression of Akt phosphorylation was investigated. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry and EGF receptor dimerization was evaluated through a cross-linking assay. Immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to investigate the interaction between P85 and EGFR and cell migration was evaluated through a wound healing assay. COS7 cells were observed to be rounded following a 24‑h treatment with nocodazole, and the results revealed that ~45% of COS7 cells were arrested at the G2/M phase and that the cyclin B1 expression level was greatly increased. EGF‑mediated Akt phosphorylation was markedly inhibited in nocodazole‑treated cells. In addition, the levels of internalized EGF‑EGFR complexes in nocodazole‑treated cells were reduced, and EGF‑EGFR dimerization was found to be affected by nocodazole. Akt phosphorylation in COS7 cells was demonstrated to be overridden by AG1478 and wortmannin. The results also showed that p85 did not bind to activated EGFR in nocodazole‑treated cells, and that nocodazole and protein inhibitors reduced cell migration. In summary, these results indicate that nocodazole inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway by interfering with the binding of p85 binding to activated EGFR and further affects the growth of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Wujun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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Zhang HT, Zhang D, Zha ZG, Hu CD. Transcriptional activation of PRMT5 by NF-Y is required for cell growth and negatively regulated by the PKC/c-Fos signaling in prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:1330-40. [PMID: 25281873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) symmetrically methylates arginine residues of histones and non-histone protein substrates and regulates a variety of cellular processes through epigenetic control of target gene expression or post-translational modification of signaling molecules. Recent evidence suggests that PRMT5 may function as an oncogene and its overexpression contributes to the development and progression of several human cancers. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of PRMT5 expression in cancer cells remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have mapped the proximal promoter of PRMT5 to the -240bp region and identified nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) as a critical transcription factor that binds to the two inverted CCAAT boxes and regulates PRMT5 expression in multiple cancer cell lines. Further, we present evidence that loss of PRMT5 is responsible for cell growth inhibition induced by knockdown of NF-YA, a subunit of NF-Y that forms a heterotrimeric complex with NF-YB and NF-YC for function. Significantly, we have found that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in LNCaP prostate cancer cells down-regulates the expression of NF-YA and PRMT5 at the transcription level in a c-Fos-dependent manner. Given that down-regulation of several PKC isozymes is implicated in the development and progression of several human cancers, our findings suggest that the PKC-c-Fos-NF-Y signaling pathway may be responsible for PRMT5 overexpression in a subset of human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabao Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Ellipticine derivative induces potent cytostatic effect in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:1113-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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ZHAO BING, LI XIAOMENG. Altholactone induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction, MAPK-p38 activation and Akt suppression. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2769-75. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Russo MA, Kang KS, Di Cristofano A. The PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364A is effective in poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells, independent of the nature of their driver mutations. Thyroid 2013; 23:1284-93. [PMID: 23509868 PMCID: PMC3783934 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are the most aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. Despite their low incidence, they account for a disproportionate number of thyroid cancer-related deaths because of their resistance to most therapeutic approaches. We have generated mouse models that develop ATC ([Pten, p53](thyr-/-) mice) and follicular thyroid cancer with areas of poor differentiation (Pten(thyr-/-),Kras(G12D) mice). Comparative gene expression profiling of human and mouse ATCs reveals a common "mitotic signature" in which mitotic kinases, including Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1), are found deregulated in both species. Most genes from this signature are also upregulated in poorly differentiated tumors developing in Pten(thyr-/-),Kras(G12D) mice. PLK1 is a crucial driving force for normal mitotic spindle formation, centrosome maturation, and separation, and its overexpression has been demonstrated in a wide range of tumors. METHODS Human and mouse ATC and PDTC cell lines were treated with the PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364A, and proliferation, apoptosis, and mitotic spindle alterations were analyzed. Furthermore, immunocompetent mice were injected in the flank with mouse ATC cells, and treated with placebo or GSK461364A. RESULTS We show that the PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364A inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death in both mouse ATC- and PDTC-derived cell lines and in several human ATC cell lines carrying different driver mutations. Dose-dependent changes in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly during mitosis are observed after treatment, together with changes in the mitotic index. FACS analysis reveals a G2/M phase arrest, followed by apoptosis, and mitotic slippage in cells with PI3K activation. GSK461364A is also effective in vivo, in an allograft model of ATC. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that PLK1 targeting is a promising and effective therapeutic approach against PDTC cells and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika A Russo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Price Center for Genetic and Translational Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
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Undecylprodigiosin induced apoptosis in P388 cancer cells is associated with its binding to ribosome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65381. [PMID: 23799011 PMCID: PMC3682955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosins (PGs) are a family of natural red pigments with anticancer activity, and one member of the family has entered clinical phase II trials. However, the anticancer mechanisms of PGs remain largely unclear. This study was designed to investigate the molecular basis of anticancer activity of UP, a derivative of PGs, in P388 cells. By introducing pharmacological inhibitors and utilizing a variety of analytical approaches including western blotting, flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy, we found that UP inhibited proliferation of P388 via arresting cells at G2/M phase and inducing cells apoptosis, which was related to the activation of P38, JNK rather than ERK1/2 signaling. ROS regeneration and acidification in cells appear not involved in UP induced apoptosis. Furthermore, utilizing mass spectrometry, sucrose density gradient fractionation and immunofluorescence staining, we discovered that UP was apparently located at ribosome. These results together indicate that ribosome may be the potential target of UP in cancer cells, which opened a new avenue in delineating the anticancer mechanism of PGs.
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Zhu Y, Mao Y, Chen H, Lin Y, Hu Z, Wu J, Xu X, Xu X, Qin J, Xie L. Apigenin promotes apoptosis, inhibits invasion and induces cell cycle arrest of T24 human bladder cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:54. [PMID: 23724790 PMCID: PMC3674905 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin (4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) was recently shown effective in inhibiting several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of apigenin in the human bladder cancer cell line T24 for the first time. Methods T24 cells were treated with varying concentrations and time of apigenin. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell motility and invasiveness were assayed by Matrigel migration and invasion assay. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to detect cell apoptosis, cell cycle and signaling pathway. Results The results demonstrated that apigenin suppressed proliferation and inhibited the migration and invasion potential of T24 bladder cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was associated with induced G2/M Phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanism of action is like to involve PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins. Apigenin increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage, indicating that apigenin induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent way. Conclusions These findings suggest that apigenin may be an effective way for treating human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
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30
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Millet P, Granotier C, Etienne O, Boussin FD. Radiation-induced upregulation of telomerase activity escapes PI3-kinase inhibition in two malignant glioma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:375-82. [PMID: 23727752 PMCID: PMC3775596 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse after radiotherapy is a great concern in the treatment of high-grade gliomas. Inhibition of the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway is known to radiosensitize cancer cells and to delay their DNA repair after irradiation. In this study, we show that the radiosensitization of CB193 and T98G, two high-grade glioma cell lines, by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, correlates with the induction of G1 and G2/M arrest, but is inconsistently linked to a delayed DNA double-strand break (DSBs) repair. The PI3K/AKT pathway has been shown to activate radioprotective factors such as telomerase, whose inhibition may contribute to the radiosensitization of cancer cells. However, we show that radiation upregulates telomerase activity in LY-294002-treated glioma cells as well as untreated controls, demonstrating a PI3K/AKT-independent pathway of telomerase activation. Our study suggests that radiosensitizing strategies based on PI3-kinase inhibition in high-grade gliomas may be optimized by additional treatments targeting either telomerase activity or telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Millet
- CEA, DSV-IRCM-SCSR, Laboratory of Radiopathology, UMR 967, F-92260 Fontenay‑aux‑Roses, France.
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Arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine oscillates during the cell cycle and counteracts proliferation by suppressing Akt membrane binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2546-51. [PMID: 23359699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216182110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of protein kinase B (Akt)--a major kinase promoting cell proliferation and survival--oscillates during the cell cycle. To investigate whether membrane phospholipids may regulate Akt phosphorylation and thus activity, we monitored the lipid profile of nocodazole-synchronized mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts during the cell cycle by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proportion of sn-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine (20:4-PC) inversely correlated with Akt activity. Increasing the cellular ratio of 20:4-PC by supplementation of 20:4-PC to the cell culture medium diminished Akt [serine (Ser)473] phosphorylation. Saturated and monounsaturated phosphatidylcholines, used as control had no effect; 20:4-PC reduced cell proliferation relative to controls, interfered with S-phase transition, and suppressed Akt downstream signaling and cyclin expression like LY294002, which is a specific inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway. Additive effects of 20:4-PC and LY294002 were not observed, underlining the critical role of Akt for 20:4-PC signaling; 20:4-PC suppressed Akt membrane translocation as shown by immunofluorescence microscopy but left the concentration of the anchor lipid phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate unchanged. An in vitro binding assay suggests that 20:4-PC attenuates the interaction of Akt with its membrane binding site. We conclude that 20:4-PC oscillates during the cell cycle and delays cell cycle progression by inhibiting Akt membrane binding.
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32
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Chen Q, Li W, Wan Y, Xia X, Wu Q, Chen Y, Lai Z, Yu C, Li W. Amplified in breast cancer 1 enhances human cholangiocarcinoma growth and chemoresistance by simultaneous activation of Akt and Nrf2 pathways. Hepatology 2012; 55:1820-9. [PMID: 22213475 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transcriptional coactivator amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) plays important roles in the progression of several cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a chemoresistant bile duct carcinoma with a poor prognosis, remains unclear. In this study we found that AIB1 protein was frequently overexpressed in human CCA specimens and CCA cell lines. Down-regulation of AIB1 induced the G2/M arrest and decreased the expression of mitosis-promoting factors including Cyclin A, Cyclin B, and Cdk1 through suppressing the Akt pathway, which resulted in inhibiting CCA cell proliferation. In addition, AIB1 enhanced the chemoresistance of CCA cells at least in part through up-regulating the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. AIB1 regulated the expression of Bcl-2 in CCA cells through activating the Akt pathway as well as suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). AIB1 suppressed ROS by up-regulating antioxidants such as glutathione synthetase and glutathione peroxidase, which are targets of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical transcription factor that regulates antioxidants, detoxification enzymes, and drug efflux proteins. AIB1 also increased the expression of another two Nrf2 targets, ABCC2 and ABCG2, to enhance drug efflux. AIB1 served as an essential coactivator for Nrf2 activation by physically interacting with Nrf2 to enhance its transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION AIB1 plays an important role in proliferation and chemoresistance of CCA through simultaneous activation of Akt and Nrf2 pathways, suggesting that AIB1 is a potential molecular target for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreas and Vessel Surgery, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Li Y, Zhang P, Qiu F, Chen L, Miao C, Li J, Xiao W, Ma E. Inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling mediates proliferation inhibition and G2/M phase arrest induced by andrographolide in human glioblastoma cells. Life Sci 2012; 90:962-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Shohat M, Ben-Meir D, Lavi S. Protein phosphatase magnesium dependent 1A (PPM1A) plays a role in the differentiation and survival processes of nerve cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32438. [PMID: 22384250 PMCID: PMC3288098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine phosphatase type 2C (PPM1A) has a broad range of substrates, and its role in regulating stress response is well established. We have investigated the involvement of PPM1A in the survival and differentiation processes of PC6-3 cells, a subclone of the PC12 cell line. This cell line can differentiate into neuron like cells upon exposure to nerve growth factor (NGF). Overexpression of PPM1A in naive PC6-3 cells caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase followed by apoptosis. Interestingly, PPM1A overexpression did not affect fully differentiated cells. Using PPM1A overexpressing cells and PPM1A knockdown cells, we show that this phosphatase affects NGF signaling in PC6-3 cells and is engaged in neurite outgrowth. In addition, the ablation of PPM1A interferes with NGF-induced growth arrest during differentiation of PC6-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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35
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Inhibition of protein kinase B activity induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis during early G1phase in CHO cells. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:357-65. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Bae JH, Kim SJ, Kim MJ, Oh SO, Chung JS, Kim SH, Kang CD. Susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated lysis of colon cancer cells is enhanced by treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors through UL16-binding protein-1 induction. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:7-16. [PMID: 21951556 PMCID: PMC11164140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways by treatment with quercetin induced the expression of natural killer cell group 2D (NKG2D) ligands on cancer cells and made the cells sensitive to natural killer (NK)-cell mediated cytotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors could induce the expression of NKG2D ligands in colon cancer cells. Treatment with EGFR inhibitors predominantly increased the levels of mRNA transcripts and surface protein of UL16-binding protein-1 (ULBP1) in various colon cancer cells, including KM12, Caco-2, HCT-15, and HT-29, which express EGFR, and increased susceptibility of these colon cancer cells to NK-92 cells. The expression of ULBP1 was not induced by inhibitors of nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and MAPK, but was induced by inhibitors of PKC, and the induction of ULBP1 expression with EGFR inhibitors was prevented by treatment with PMA in colon cancer cells. A transcription factor, activator protein-2 alpha (AP-2α), which has a suppressive effect on ULBP1 transcription, was prevented from binding to the ULBP1 promoter by treatment with EGFR inhibitors. The present study suggests that EGFR inhibitors can enhance the susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis of colon cancer cells by induction of ULBP1 via inhibition of the PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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37
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Changes in the topology of gene expression networks by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration in macrophages. Virus Res 2012; 163:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The cdk1-cyclin B complex is involved in everolimus triggered resistance in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line. Cancer Lett 2011; 313:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Dolfini D, Gatta R, Mantovani R. NF-Y and the transcriptional activation of CCAAT promoters. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 47:29-49. [PMID: 22050321 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.628970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT box promoter element and NF-Y, the transcription factor (TF) that binds to it, were among the first cis-elements and trans-acting factors identified; their interplay is required for transcriptional activation of a sizeable number of eukaryotic genes. NF-Y consists of three evolutionarily conserved subunits: a dimer of NF-YB and NF-YC which closely resembles a histone, and the "innovative" NF-YA. In this review, we will provide an update on the functional and biological features that make NF-Y a fundamental link between chromatin and transcription. The last 25 years have witnessed a spectacular increase in our knowledge of how genes are regulated: from the identification of cis-acting sequences in promoters and enhancers, and the biochemical characterization of the corresponding TFs, to the merging of chromatin studies with the investigation of enzymatic machines that regulate epigenetic states. Originally identified and studied in yeast and mammals, NF-Y - also termed CBF and CP1 - is composed of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. The complex recognizes the CCAAT pentanucleotide and specific flanking nucleotides with high specificity (Dorn et al., 1997; Hatamochi et al., 1988; Hooft van Huijsduijnen et al, 1987; Kim & Sheffery, 1990). A compelling set of bioinformatics studies clarified that the NF-Y preferred binding site is one of the most frequent promoter elements (Suzuki et al., 2001, 2004; Elkon et al., 2003; Mariño-Ramírez et al., 2004; FitzGerald et al., 2004; Linhart et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2007; Abnizova et al., 2007; Grskovic et al., 2007; Halperin et al., 2009; Häkkinen et al., 2011). The same consensus, as determined by mutagenesis and SELEX studies (Bi et al., 1997), was also retrieved in ChIP-on-chip analysis (Testa et al., 2005; Ceribelli et al., 2006; Ceribelli et al., 2008; Reed et al., 2008). Additional structural features of the CCAAT box - position, orientation, presence of multiple Transcriptional Start Sites - were previously reviewed (Dolfini et al., 2009) and will not be considered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Viral induction and targeted inhibition of galectin-1 in EBV+ posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 2011; 117:4315-22. [PMID: 21300977 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-320481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are potentially fatal, EBV-driven B-cell malignancies that develop in immunocompromised solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell recipients. In PTLD, the expression of EBV proteins, including latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A, viral immune evasion strategies, and impaired host immune surveillance foster the proliferation of EBV-transformed B cells. Current PTLD treatment strategies include reduction of immunosuppression, which increases the risk of graft rejection, anti-CD20 treatment, combination chemotherapy, and administration of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells. In the present study, we report that EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines (LCLs) and primary PTLDs overexpress galectin-1 (Gal1), a carbohydrate-binding lectin that induces tolerogenic dendritic cells and triggers the selective apoptosis of CD4(+) Th1 and Th17 cells and cytotoxic T cells. In transcriptional reporter assays, LMP2A and LMP1 each increased Gal1-driven luciferase expression, and the combination of LMP2A and LMP1 was additive. In addition, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of LMP2A decreased Gal1 protein abundance in EBV-transformed LCLs. Gal1 expression in LCLs was dependent on both activating protein 1 (AP-1) and PI3K. A newly developed neutralizing Gal1 mAb selectively inhibited Gal1-mediated apoptosis of EBV-specific CD8(+) T cells. Given the tolerogenic and immunosuppressive function of Gal1, antibody-mediated Gal1 neutralization may represent a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for PTLD and other Gal1-expressing tumors.
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Walker MP, Diaugustine RP, Zeringue E, Bunger MK, Schmitt M, Archer TK, Richards RG. An IGF1/insulin receptor substrate-1 pathway stimulates a mitotic kinase (cdk1) in the uterine epithelium during the proliferative response to estradiol. J Endocrinol 2010; 207:225-35. [PMID: 20798132 PMCID: PMC4766979 DOI: 10.1677/joe-10-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are potent mitogens for some target organs, such as the uterus, and cancers that develop in this organ might be linked to the proliferative action of these hormones. However, the mechanism by which estrogens influence the cell cycle machinery is not known. We found that a null mutation for the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, a docking protein that is important for IGF1 signaling, compromised hormone-induced mitosis in the uterine epithelium; BrdU incorporation was not affected. This selective effect on mitosis was associated with a reduction in uterine cyclin B-associated kinase activity; cyclin A-associated kinase activity was not changed. The null mutation also reduced the extent of hormone-induced phosphorylation of endogenous uterine histone H1, as determined with phospho-specific antiserum. Uterine epithelial cyclin dependent kinase (cdk)1 was induced in response to hormone, but the level of the kinase protein, as determined by immunoblotting, was noticeably less in the irs1 null mutant than that in the wild-type (WT) mouse, especially around the time of peak mitosis (24 h). Since IRS-1 binds/activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the absence of this docking protein could impair signaling of a known pathway downstream of AKT that stimulates translation of cell cycle components. Indeed, we found that phosphorylation of uterine AKT (Ser473) in irs1 null mutants was less than that in WTs following treatment. Based on earlier studies, it is also possible that an IGF1/IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway regulates posttranslational changes in cdk1. This model may provide insights as to how a growth factor pathway can mediate hormone action on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Walker
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Mail Drop D4-01, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Hennessy BT, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Stemke-Hale K, Gilcrease MZ, Krishnamurthy S, Lee JS, Fridlyand J, Sahin A, Agarwal R, Joy C, Liu W, Stivers D, Baggerly K, Carey M, Lluch A, Monteagudo C, He X, Weigman V, Fan C, Palazzo J, Hortobagyi GN, Nolden LK, Wang NJ, Valero V, Gray JW, Perou CM, Mills GB. Characterization of a naturally occurring breast cancer subset enriched in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cell characteristics. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4116-24. [PMID: 19435916 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metaplastic breast cancers (MBC) are aggressive, chemoresistant tumors characterized by lineage plasticity. To advance understanding of their pathogenesis and relatedness to other breast cancer subtypes, 28 MBCs were compared with common breast cancers using comparative genomic hybridization, transcriptional profiling, and reverse-phase protein arrays and by sequencing for common breast cancer mutations. MBCs showed unique DNA copy number aberrations compared with common breast cancers. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 9 of 19 MBCs (47.4%) versus 80 of 232 hormone receptor-positive cancers (34.5%; P = 0.32), 17 of 75 HER-2-positive samples (22.7%; P = 0.04), 20 of 240 basal-like cancers (8.3%; P < 0.0001), and 0 of 14 claudin-low tumors (P = 0.004). Of 7 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway phosphorylation sites, 6 were more highly phosphorylated in MBCs than in other breast tumor subtypes. The majority of MBCs displayed mRNA profiles different from those of the most common, including basal-like cancers. By transcriptional profiling, MBCs and the recently identified claudin-low breast cancer subset constitute related receptor-negative subgroups characterized by low expression of GATA3-regulated genes and of genes responsible for cell-cell adhesion with enrichment for markers linked to stem cell function and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast to other breast cancers, claudin-low tumors and most MBCs showed a significant similarity to a "tumorigenic" signature defined using CD44(+)/CD24(-) breast tumor-initiating stem cell-like cells. MBCs and claudin-low tumors are thus enriched in EMT and stem cell-like features, and may arise from an earlier, more chemoresistant breast epithelial precursor than basal-like or luminal cancers. PIK3CA mutations, EMT, and stem cell-like characteristics likely contribute to the poor outcomes of MBC and suggest novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Hennessy
- Department of Gynecologic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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The activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase is required during G2/M phase before metaphase–anaphase transition in synchronized leukemia cell lines. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:159-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Shen JK, Du HP, Yang M, Wang YG, Jin J. Casticin induces leukemic cell death through apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. Ann Hematol 2009; 88:743-52. [PMID: 19139893 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Casticin, a component from Vitex rotundifolia, widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Chinese traditional medicine, was reported to have anti-tumor activities. This study aims to examine the anti-leukemic activity of casticin on leukemia cells and its molecular mechanism. Cell viability was measured by MTT method; apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry, AV-PI assay, and DNA fragmentation assay. Western blot were performed to measure the protein expression level. The cell morphology alteration was detected with immunofluorescent analysis and DAPI nuclear staining. Our results showed that the proliferation of leukemia cells, including K562, Kasumi-1, and HL-60, were inhibited by casticin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50, determined after 48 h incubation, was 5.95 microM, 4.82 microM, and 15.56 microM for K562, HL-60, and Kasumi-1, respectively. The cell cycle analysis demonstrated casticin treatment resulted in a significant G2/M accumulation, concomitant with upregulation of P21waf1 and P27kip1. The percentage of cells in G2/M increased with time of exposure and reached to its climax (75.3%) at 12 h after casticin treatment, and subsequently declined to 27% at 48 h. We found that casticin treatment induced remarkable apoptosis, evidenced by increased percentage of AV-positive PI-negative cells as well as the cleavage of PARP and caspase 3. In addition, DNA fragmentation assay showed the typical apoptotic DNA ladder in casticin-treated K562 cells. Mitotic catastrophe and decreased polymeric tubulin can also be observed in casticin-treated K562 cells. In addition, we found that PI3K/AKT pathway was activated; Ly294002, a PI3K/AKT specific inhibitor, can enhance the anti-leukemic effect of casticin. Taken together, these results demonstrated that casticin induced leukemic cell death via apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, and could synergize with PI3K/AKT inhibitor, suggesting that casticin could be a promising therapeutic agent against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kun Shen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Enhanced clonogenic survival induced by protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibition after Cr(VI) exposure is mediated by c-Raf and Ras activity. Cell Signal 2009; 21:727-36. [PMID: 19167484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies showed that maintenance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by PTP inhibition enhanced cell growth, clonogenic survival, and mutagenesis after a single low-level Cr(VI) exposure, thereby suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling may govern inappropriate survival in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Our goal is to identify specific phospho-tyrosine regulator(s)/ downstream effectors involved in enhanced survival after Cr(VI) exposure and PTP inhibition. Phosphotyrosine profiling array showed that PTP inhibition following Cr(VI) exposure increased tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins, such as FGR and ABL, which are upstream regulators of both Erk and Akt pathways. To explore the roles of these pathways in the PTP-induced increase in clonogenic survival after Cr(VI) exposure, we examined the effect of combined Akt1 and Erk1/2 knockdown via siRNA technology. Akt1 and/or Erk1/2 silencing had no effect on the PTP inhibitor-induced increase in survival following Cr(VI) exposure, suggesting the presence of non-Akt/non-Erk-mediated survival signaling. Interestingly, geldanamycin, an HSP90 inhibitor and non-specific Raf inhibitor, abrogated the PTP inhibitor-mediated increase in survival following Cr(VI) exposure and abolished the expression/activity of c-Raf and activity of Mek. These findings prompted us to explore upstream regulators of Erk, i.e., Ras, c-Raf and Mek for their potential roles in clonogenic survival. GW5074, a specific c-Raf kinase inhibitor did not alter the effect of the PTP inhibitor but decreased Cr(VI)-mediated clonogenic lethality, potentially though Mek hyperactivation. A genetic approach with a c/a Mek1 mutant also showed that Mek activity was not directly associated with the PTP inhibitor effect. Finally, a genetic approach with d/n or c/a Ras and c-Raf mutants, showed that Ras and c-Raf activities play a substantive role in enhancing clonogenic survival by PTP inhibition following Cr(VI) insult. In conclusion, these studies highlight a novel pro-survival mechanism for clonogenic survival in the face of genotoxic stress in the presence of PTP inhibition via an Erk/Mek-independent and Ras/c-Raf-dependent regulation in normal human lung fibroblasts.
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Madziar B, Shah S, Brock M, Burke R, Lopez-Coviella I, Nickel AC, Cakal EB, Blusztajn JK, Berse B. Nerve growth factor regulates the expression of the cholinergic locus and the high-affinity choline transporter via the Akt/PKB signaling pathway. J Neurochem 2008; 107:1284-93. [PMID: 18793330 PMCID: PMC5912896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a trophic and survival factor for cholinergic neurons, and it induces the expression of several genes that are essential for synthesis and storage of acetylcholine (ACh), specifically choline acetyltransferase, vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter. We have found previously that the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway, but not the MEK/MAPK pathway, is the mediator of NGF-induced cholinergic differentiation. Here we demonstrate, in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 and in primary mouse neuronal cultures, that NGF-evoked up-regulation of these three cholinergic-specific genes is mediated by the anti-apoptotic signaling molecule Akt/protein kinase B. Inhibition of Akt activation by the pharmacological inhibitor 1L-6-hydroxymethyl-chiro-inositol 2(R)-2-O-methyl-3-O-octadecylcarbonate (HIMO), or by a peptide fragment derived from the proto-oncogene TLC1, eliminated NGF-stimulated increases in cholinergic gene expression, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and reporter gene assays. Moreover, treatment with HIMO reversed NGF-evoked increases in choline acetyltransferase activity and ACh production. In co-transfection assays with the reporter construct, a dominant-negative Akt plasmid and Akt1-specific small interfering RNA also attenuated NGF-induced cholinergic promoter activity. Our data indicate that, in addition to its well-described role in promoting neuronal survival, Akt can also mediate signals necessary for neurochemical differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Madziar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Akt inhibitor a-443654 interferes with mitotic progression by regulating aurora a kinase expression. Neoplasia 2008; 10:828-37. [PMID: 18670641 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Akt and Aurora A kinase have been shown to be important targets for intervention for cancer therapy. We report here that Compound A (A-443654), a specific Akt inhibitor, interferes with mitotic progression and bipolar spindle formation. Compound A induces G(2)/M accumulation, defects in centrosome separation, and formation of either monopolar arrays or disorganized spindles. On the basis of gene expression array studies, we identified Aurora A as one of the genes regulated transcriptionally by Akt inhibitors including Compound A. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, either by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or by Compound A, dramatically inhibits the promoter activity of Aurora A, whereas the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor has little effect, suggesting that Akt might be responsible for up-regulating Aurora A for mitotic progression. Further analysis of the Aurora A promoter region indicates that the Ets element but not the Sp1 element is required for Compound A-sensitive transcriptional control of Aurora A. Overexpression of Aurora A in cells treated with Compound A attenuates the mitotic arrest and the defects in bipolar spindle formation induced by Akt inhibition. Our studies suggest that that Akt may promote mitotic progression through the transcriptional regulation of Aurora A.
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Park JK, Jung HY, Park SH, Kang SY, Yi MR, Um HD, Hong SH. Combination of PTEN and gamma-ionizing radiation enhances cell death and G(2)/M arrest through regulation of AKT activity and p21 induction in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:1552-60. [PMID: 18374229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) during gamma-ionizing radiation (gamma-IR) treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS Wild-type PTEN or mutant forms of PTEN plasmids were transfected to construct stable transfectants of the NCI-H1299 non-small-cell lung cancer cell line. Combined effects of PTEN expression and IR treatment were tested using immunoblot, clonogenic, and cell-counting assays. Related signaling pathways were studied with immunoblot and kinase assays. RESULTS At steady state, stable transfectants showed almost the same proliferation rate but had different AKT phosphorylation patterns. When treated with gamma-IR, wild-type PTEN transfectants showed higher levels of cell death compared with mock vector or mutant transfectants, and showed increased G(2)/M cell-cycle arrest accompanied by p21 induction and CDK1 inactivation. NCI-H1299 cells were treated with phosphosinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway inhibitor (LY29002), resulting in reduced AKT phosphorylation levels. Treatment of NCI-H1299 cells with LY29002 and gamma-IR resulted in increased cell-cycle arrest and p21 induction. Endogenous wild-type PTEN-containing NCI-H460 cells were treated with PTEN-specific siRNA and then irradiated with gamma-IR: however reduced PTEN levels did not induce cell-cycle arrest or p21 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that PTEN may modulate cell death or the cell cycle via AKT inactivation by PTEN and gamma-IR treatment. We also propose that a PTEN-PI3K/AKT-p21-CDK1 pathway could regulate cell death and the cell cycle by gamma-IR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kuk Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Tumor Physiology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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ROS-independent preconditioning in neurons via activation of mitoK(ATP) channels by BMS-191095. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008; 28:1090-103. [PMID: 18212794 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that the selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) channel opener BMS-191095 (BMS) induces neuronal preconditioning (PC); however, the exact mechanism of BMS-induced neuroprotection remains unclear. In this study, we have identified key components of the cascade resulting in delayed neuronal PC with BMS using isolated rat brain mitochondria and primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. BMS depolarized isolated mitochondria without an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induced rapid phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Long-term (3 days) treatment of neurons with BMS resulted in sustained mitochondrial depolarization, decreased basal ROS generation, and elevated ATP levels. This treatment also elicited almost complete protection against glutamate excitotoxicity, which could be abolished using the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin, but not with the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic M40401. Long-term BMS treatment induced a PI3K-dependent increase in the expression and activity of catalase without affecting manganese SOD and copper/zinc-dependent SOD. Finally, the catalase inhibitor 3-aminotriazole dose-dependently antagonized the neuroprotective effect of BMS-induced PC. In summary, BMS depolarizes mitochondria without ROS generation, activates the PI3K-Akt pathway, improves ATP content, and increases catalase expression. These mechanisms appear to play important roles in the neuroprotective effect of BMS.
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Culjkovic B, Tan K, Orolicki S, Amri A, Meloche S, Borden KLB. The eIF4E RNA regulon promotes the Akt signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 181:51-63. [PMID: 18391071 PMCID: PMC2287285 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200707018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) promotes cellular proliferation and can rescue cells from apoptotic stimuli such as serum starvation. However, the mechanisms underlying apoptotic rescue are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that eIF4E overexpression leads to enhanced survival signaling through Akt and that eIF4E requires Akt1 to rescue serum-deprived fibroblasts. Furthermore, a mutant form of eIF4E (W73A), which is messenger RNA (mRNA) export competent but does not promote translation, rescues cells as readily as wild-type eIF4E. We show that eIF4E mediates Akt activation via up-regulation of Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), a phosphoinositide-3 kinase–Akt pathway upstream activator. Additionally, eIF4E coordinately up-regulates the expression of downstream effectors of the Akt pathway, thereby amplifying Akt signaling effects. A negative regulator of eIF4E, the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), suppresses Akt activation and apoptotic rescue. These PML activities likely arise, at least in part, through its inhibition of eIF4E-mediated NBS1 mRNA export. In summary, eIF4E coordinately regulates gene expression to potentiate Akt activation, an activity required for apoptotic rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Culjkovic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H4M 1J6, Canada
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