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Xu J, Zuo C. The Fate Status of Stem Cells in Diabetes and its Role in the Occurrence of Diabetic Complications. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:745035. [PMID: 34796200 PMCID: PMC8592901 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.745035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a growing risk factor for public health worldwide. It is a very common disease and is widely known for its susceptibility to multiple complications which do great harm to the life and health of patients, some even lead to death. To date, there are many mechanisms for the complications of diabetes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the abnormal changes of gas transmitters, which ultimately lead to injuries of cells, tissues and organs. Normally, even if injured, the body can quickly repair and maintain its homeostasis. This is closely associated with the repair and regeneration ability of stem cells. However, many studies have demonstrated that stem cells happen to be damaged under DM, which may be a nonnegligible factor in the occurrence and progression of diabetic complications. Therefore, this review summarizes how diabetes causes the corresponding complications by affecting stem cells from two aspects: stem cells dysfunctions and stem cells quantity alteration. In addition, since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), especially bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), have the advantages of strong differentiation ability, large quantity and wide application, we mainly focus on the impact of diabetes on them. The review also puts forward the basis of using exogenous stem cells to treat diabetic complications. It is hoped that through this review, researchers can have a clearer understanding of the roles of stem cells in diabetic complications, thus promoting the process of using stem cells to treat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengguo Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Calderone A. The Biological Role of Nestin (+)-Cells in Physiological and Pathological Cardiovascular Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:15. [PMID: 29492403 PMCID: PMC5817075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein nestin was identified in diverse populations of cells implicated in cardiovascular remodeling. Cardiac resident neural progenitor/stem cells constitutively express nestin and following an ischemic insult migrate to the infarct region and participate in angiogenesis and neurogenesis. A modest number of normal adult ventricular fibroblasts express nestin and the intermediate filament protein is upregulated during the progression of reparative and reactive fibrosis. Nestin depletion attenuates cell cycle re-entry suggesting that increased expression of the intermediate filament protein in ventricular fibroblasts may represent an activated phenotype accelerating the biological impact during fibrosis. Nestin immunoreactivity is absent in normal adult rodent ventricular cardiomyocytes. Following ischemic damage, the intermediate filament protein is induced in a modest population of pre-existing adult ventricular cardiomyocytes bordering the peri-infarct/infarct region and nestin(+)-ventricular cardiomyocytes were identified in the infarcted human heart. The appearance of nestin(+)-ventricular cardiomyocytes post-myocardial infarction (MI) recapitulates an embryonic phenotype and depletion of the intermediate filament protein inhibits cell cycle re-entry. Recruitment of the serine/threonine kinase p38 MAPK secondary to an overt inflammatory response after an ischemic insult may represent a seminal event limiting the appearance of nestin(+)-ventricular cardiomyocytes and concomitantly suppressing cell cycle re-entry. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) express nestin and upregulation of the intermediate filament protein may directly contribute to vascular remodeling. This review will highlight the biological role of nestin(+)-cells during physiological and pathological remodeling of the heart and vasculature and discuss the phenotypic advantage attributed to the intermediate filament protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelino Calderone
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wongchitrat P, Lansubsakul N, Kamsrijai U, Sae-Ung K, Mukda S, Govitrapong P. Melatonin attenuates the high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced reduction in rat hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:97-109. [PMID: 27620814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A deviant level of melatonin in blood circulation has been associated with the development of diabetes and with learning and memory deficiencies. Melatonin might have an important function in diabetes control; however, the mechanism of melatonin in diabetes remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the hyperglycemic condition induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection and to examine the effect of melatonin on adult hippocampal functions. HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats significantly increased blood glucose level. The present study showed that HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats significantly impaired memory in the Morris Water Maze task, reduced neurogenesis in the hippocampus shown by a reduction in nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and β-III tubulin immunoreactivities, reduced axon terminal markers, synaptophysin, reduced dendritic marker including postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) and the glutamate receptor subunit NR2A. Moreover, a significant downregulation of melatonin receptor, insulin receptor-β (IR-β) and both p-IR-β and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) occurred in HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats, while the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) increased. Treatment of melatonin, rats had shorter escape latencies and remained in the target quadrant longer compared to the HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats. Melatonin attenuated the reduction of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and the induction of astrogliosis. Moreover, melatonin countered the reduction of melatonin receptor, insulin receptor and downstream signaling pathway for insulin. Our data suggested that the dysfunction of insulin signaling pathway occurred in the diabetes may provide a convergent mechanism of hippocampal impaired neurogenesis and synaptogenesis lead to impair memory while melatonin reverses these effects, suggesting that melatonin may reduce the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Niyada Lansubsakul
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Utcharaporn Kamsrijai
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kwankanit Sae-Ung
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Chabot A, Meus MA, Naud P, Hertig V, Dupuis J, Villeneuve L, El Khoury N, Fiset C, Nattel S, Jasmin JF, Calderone A. Nestin is a Marker of Lung Remodeling Secondary to Myocardial Infarction and Type I Diabetes in the Rat. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:170-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Chabot
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Marc-Andre Meus
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Patrice Naud
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Vanessa Hertig
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Nabel El Khoury
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Celine Fiset
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Jasmin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Montreal Heart Institute; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Département de Physiologie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
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Tardif K, Hertig V, Dumais C, Villeneuve L, Perrault L, Tanguay JF, Calderone A. Nestin downregulation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells represents an early marker of vascular disease in experimental type I diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:119. [PMID: 25139503 PMCID: PMC4143548 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nestin was reported to directly contribute to cell proliferation and the intermediate filament protein was detected in vascular smooth muscle cells. In experimental type I diabetes, nestin downregulation in the heart was identified as an incipient pathophysiological event. The following study tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of nestin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells represented an early event of vascular disease in experimental type I diabetes. Methods/Results In the carotid artery and aorta of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, a subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells co-expressed nestin and was actively involved in the cell cycle as reflected by the co-staining of nuclear phosphohistone-3. The infection of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with a lentivirus containing a shRNAmir directed against nestin significantly reduced protein expression and concomitantly attenuated basal DNA synthesis. Two weeks following injection of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin, the endothelial response of aortic rings to acetylcholine, vascular morphology and the total density of vascular smooth muscle cells in the vasculature of type I diabetic rats were similar to normal rats. By contrast, nestin protein levels and the density of nestin(+)/phosphohistone-3(+)-vascular smooth muscle cells were significantly reduced in type I diabetic rats. The in vivo observations were recapitulated in vitro as exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells to 30 mM D-glucose inhibited DNA synthesis and concomitantly reduced nestin protein expression. Conclusions Hyperglycaemia-mediated nestin downregulation and the concomitant reduction of cycling vascular smooth muscle cells represent early markers of vascular disease in experimental type I diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-014-0119-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Vecellio M, Spallotta F, Nanni S, Colussi C, Cencioni C, Derlet A, Bassetti B, Tilenni M, Carena MC, Farsetti A, Sbardella G, Castellano S, Mai A, Martelli F, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Rossini A, Dimmeler S, Zeiher A, Gaetano C. The histone acetylase activator pentadecylidenemalonate 1b rescues proliferation and differentiation in the human cardiac mesenchymal cells of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2014; 63:2132-47. [PMID: 24458358 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the diabetes-associated alterations present in cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMSC) obtained from normoglycemic (ND-CMSC) and type 2 diabetic patients (D-CMSC), identifying the histone acetylase (HAT) activator pentadecylidenemalonate 1b (SPV106) as a potential pharmacological intervention to restore cellular function. D-CMSC were characterized by a reduced proliferation rate, diminished phosphorylation at histone H3 serine 10 (H3S10P), decreased differentiation potential, and premature cellular senescence. A global histone code profiling of D-CMSC revealed that acetylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9Ac) and lysine 14 (H3K14Ac) was decreased, whereas the trimethylation of H3K9Ac and lysine 27 significantly increased. These observations were paralleled by a downregulation of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) p300/CBP-associated factor and its isoform 5-α general control of amino acid synthesis (GCN5a), determining a relative decrease in total HAT activity. DNA CpG island hypermethylation was detected at promoters of genes involved in cell growth control and genomic stability. Remarkably, treatment with the GNAT proactivator SPV106 restored normal levels of H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac, reduced DNA CpG hypermethylation, and recovered D-CMSC proliferation and differentiation. These results suggest that epigenetic interventions may reverse alterations in human CMSC obtained from diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vecellio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, ItalyDivision of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, ItalyDivision of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Derlet
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Tilenni
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Carena
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, ItalyDivision of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Donato, Laboratorio di Cardiologia Molecolare, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Zeiher
- Internal Medicine Clinic III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Chabot A, Meus MA, Hertig V, Duquette N, Calderone A. The neurogenic response of cardiac resident nestin(+) cells was associated with GAP43 upregulation and abrogated in a setting of type I diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:114. [PMID: 23938193 PMCID: PMC3751664 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac nestin(+) cells exhibit properties of a neural progenitor/stem cell population characterized by the de novo synthesis of neurofilament-M in response to ischemic injury and 6-hydroxydopamine administration. The induction of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) was identified as an early event of neurogenesis. The present study tested the hypothesis that the de novo synthesis of neurofilament-M by nestin(+) cells was preceded by the transient upregulation of GAP43 during the acute phase of reparative fibrosis in the infarcted male rat heart. Secondly, a seminal feature of diabetes is impaired wound healing secondary to an inadequate neurogenic response. In this regard, an additional series of experiments tested the hypothesis that the neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells was attenuated in a setting of type I diabetes. Methods The neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells was examined during the early phase of reparative fibrosis following permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the adult male rat heart. The experimental model of type I diabetes was created following a single injection of streptozotocin in adult male rats. The impact of a type I diabetic environment on the neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells was examined during myocardial infarction and following the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. Results During the early phase of scar formation/healing, the density of GAP43/nestin(+) fibres innervating the peri-infarct/infarct region was significantly increased, whereas neurofilament-M/nestin(+) fibres were absent. With ongoing scar formation/healing, a temporal decrease of GAP43/nestin(+) fibre density and a concomitant increase in the density of innervating neurofilament-M/nestin(+) fibres were observed. The neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells during scar formation/healing was inhibited following the superimposition of type I diabetes. The de novo synthesis of neurofilament-M by nestin(+) cells after 6-hydroxydopamine administration was likewise attenuated in the heart of type I diabetic rats whereas the density of GAP43/nestin(+) fibres remained elevated. Conclusion The transient upregulation of GAP43 apparently represents a transition event during the acquisition of a neuronal-like phenotype and a type I diabetic environment attenuated the neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells to ischemia and 6-hydroxydopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreanne Chabot
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street East, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
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Abstract
The heart is electrically and mechanically controlled as a syncytium by the autonomic nervous system. The cardiac nervous system comprises the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nervous systems that together regulate heart function on demand. Sympathetic electric activation was initially considered the main regulator of cardiac function; however, modern molecular biotechnological approaches have provided a new dimension to our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the cardiac nervous system. The heart is extensively innervated, although the innervation density is not uniform within the heart, being high in the subepicardium and the special conduction system. We and others showed previously that the balance between neural chemoattractants and chemorepellents determine cardiac nervous development, with both factors expressed in heart. Nerve growth factor is a potent chemoattractant synthesized by cardiomyocytes, whereas Sema3a is a neural chemorepellent expressed specifically in the subendocardium. Disruption of this well-organized molecular balance and innervation density can induce sudden cardiac death due to lethal arrhythmias. In diseased hearts, various causes and mechanisms underlie cardiac sympathetic abnormalities, although their detailed pathology and significance remain contentious. We reported that cardiac sympathetic rejuvenation occurs in cardiac hypertrophy and, moreover, interleukin-6 cytokines secreted from the failing myocardium induce cholinergic transdifferentiation of the cardiac sympathetic system via a gp130 signaling pathway, affecting cardiac performance and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in sympathetic development, maturation, and transdifferentiation, and propose their investigation as new therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Abstract
Scar formation following an ischemic insult to the heart is referred to as reparative fibrosis and represents an essential physiological response to heal the damaged myocardium. The biological events of reparative fibrosis include inflammation, the deposition of collagen by myofibroblasts, sympathetic innervation, and angiogenesis. Several studies have further reported that scar formation was associated with the recruitment of neural crest-derived cardiac resident nestin(+) cells that display characteristics consistent with a neural progenitor/stem cell phenotype. During the reparative fibrotic response, these nestin(+) cells participate in neural remodeling and represent a novel cellular substrate of angiogenesis. In addition, a subpopulation of nestin(+) cells identified in the normal heart expressed cardiac progenitor transcriptional factors and may directly contribute to myocardial regeneration following ischemic damage. Nestin protein was also detected in endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels in the scar and may represent a marker of revascularization. Lastly, nestin was induced in a subpopulation of smooth muscle α-actin(+) scar-derived myofibroblasts, and the expression of the intermediate filament protein may provide a proliferative advantage. Collectively, these data demonstrate that diverse populations of nestin(+) cells participate in cardiac wound healing.
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