1
|
Ovarian Cancer and Glutamine Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055041. [PMID: 36902470 PMCID: PMC10003179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to have a distinct metabolic profile and to exhibit significant changes in a variety of metabolic mechanisms compared to normal cells, particularly glycolysis and glutaminolysis, in order to cover their increased energy requirements. There is mounting evidence that there is a link between glutamine metabolism and the proliferation of cancer cells, demonstrating that glutamine metabolism is a vital mechanism for all cellular processes, including the development of cancer. Detailed knowledge regarding its degree of engagement in numerous biological processes across distinct cancer types is still lacking, despite the fact that such knowledge is necessary for comprehending the differentiating characteristics of many forms of cancer. This review aims to examine data on glutamine metabolism and ovarian cancer and identify possible therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi SYC, Ribeiro CF, Wang Y, Loda M, Plymate SR, Uo T. Druggable Metabolic Vulnerabilities Are Exposed and Masked during Progression to Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1590. [PMID: 36358940 PMCID: PMC9687810 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for exploring new actionable targets other than androgen receptor to improve outcome from lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer. Tumor metabolism has reemerged as a hallmark of cancer that drives and supports oncogenesis. In this regard, it is important to understand the relationship between distinctive metabolic features, androgen receptor signaling, genetic drivers in prostate cancer, and the tumor microenvironment (symbiotic and competitive metabolic interactions) to identify metabolic vulnerabilities. We explore the links between metabolism and gene regulation, and thus the unique metabolic signatures that define the malignant phenotypes at given stages of prostate tumor progression. We also provide an overview of current metabolism-based pharmacological strategies to be developed or repurposed for metabolism-based therapeutics for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y. C. Choi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Caroline Fidalgo Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Takuma Uo
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gardner G, Moradi F, Moffatt C, Cliche M, Garlisi B, Gratton J, Mehmood F, Stuart JA. Rapid nutrient depletion to below the physiological range by cancer cells cultured in Plasmax. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C823-C834. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00403.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture is a fundamental tool used to study living cells. Presently, the standard protocol for performing cell culture involves the use of commercial media that contain an excess of nutrients. While this reduces the likelihood of cell starvation, it creates non-physiologic culture conditions that have been shown to 're-wire' cellular metabolism. Recently, researchers have developed new media like Plasmax, formulated to approximate the nutrient composition of human blood plasma. Although this represents an improvement in cell culture practice, physiologic media may be vulnerable to nutrient depletion. In this study we directly addressed this concern by measuring the rates of glucose and amino acid depletion from Plasmax in several cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, MCF-7, SH-SY5Y) over 48 hours. In all cell lines, depletion of glucose from Plasmax was rapid such that, by 48h, cells were hypoglycemic (<2mM glucose). Most amino acids were similarly rapidly depleted to sub-physiological levels by 48h. In contrast, glucose and most amino acids remained within the physiological range at 24h. When the experiment was done at physiological oxygen (5%) versus standard (18%) with LNCaP cells, no effect on glucose or amino acid consumption was observed. Using RNA sequencing, we show that this nutrient depletion is associated with enrichment of starvation responses, apoptotic signalling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. A shift from glycolytic metabolism to mitochondrial respiration at 5% O2 was also measured using Seahorse analysis. Taken together, these results exemplify the metabolic considerations for Plasmax, highlighting that cell culture in Plasmax requires daily media exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feresteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Moffatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Cliche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bianca Garlisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Gratton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatima Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ju Z, Shao J, Zhou M, Jin J, Pan H, Ding P, Huang R. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveal the p53-dependent benzeneacetic acid attenuation of silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 33546743 PMCID: PMC7866764 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica exposure underlies the development of silicosis, one of the most serious occupational hazards worldwide. We aimed to explore the interaction of the silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcripts with the cellular metabolism regulated by p53. METHODS We knocked out p53 using CRISPR/Cas9 in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and integrative omics were conducted using microarrays, GC-MS, and MetaboAnalyst, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-two mRNAs showed significantly altered expression in the HBE p53-KO cells post-silica exposure. A total of 42 metabolites were putatively involved in p53-dependent silica-mediated HBE cell dysfunction. Through integrated data analysis, we obtained five significant p53-dependent metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and linoleic acid metabolism, and the citrate cycle. Through metabolite screening, we further identified that benzeneacetic acid, a key regulation metabolite in the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, attenuated the silica-induced EMT in HBE cells in a p53-dependent manner. Interestingly, despite the extensive p53-related published literature, the clinical translation of these studies remains unsubstantial. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which epithelial cells respond to silica exposure and provide fresh perspective and direction for future clinical biomarker research and potential clinically sustainable and translatable role of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huiji Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bueno De Paiva L, Aline Bernusso V, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F, Ridley AJ, Olalla-Saad ST, Lazarini M. Effects of RhoA and RhoC upon the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to glutamine deprivation. Small GTPases 2021; 12:20-26. [PMID: 30449238 PMCID: PMC7781845 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1546098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA and RhoC contribute to the regulation of glutamine metabolism, which is a crucial determinant of cell growth in some types of cancer. Here we investigated the participation of RhoA and RhoC in the response of prostate cancer cells to glutamine deprivation. We found that RhoA and RhoC activities were up- or downregulated by glutamine reduction in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, which was concomitant to a reduction in cell number and proliferation. Stable overexpression of wild type RhoA or RhoC did not alter the sensitivity to glutamine deprivation. However, PC3 cells expressing dominant negative RhoAN19 or RhoCN19 mutants were more resistant to glutamine deprivation. Our results indicate that RhoA and RhoC activities could affect cancer treatments targeting the glutamine pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bueno De Paiva
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Aline Bernusso
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King´s College London, London, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardoso HJ, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca LRS, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1499-1538. [PMID: 33274768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lara R S Fonseca
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan J, Wang HL, Yang J, Liu QQ, Li CM, Wang YQ, Fu LN, Gao QY, Chen YX, Fang JY. JMJD2B-induced amino acid alterations enhance the survival of colorectal cancer cells under glucose-deprivation via autophagy. Theranostics 2020; 10:5763-5777. [PMID: 32483417 PMCID: PMC7254993 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Post-translational modifications have emerged as vital players in alterations to tumor metabolism, including amino acid metabolic reprogramming. Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) enhances colorectal cancer (CRC) cell survival upon glucose deficiency. In the present study, we hypothesized that JMJD2B affects tumor cell amino acid metabolism in CRC and consequently promotes survival of CRC cells upon glucose deprivation. Methods: Non-target metabolic profiling was used to evaluate the roles of JMJD2B in CRC cell metabolism under glucose starvation. The roles of amino acid alterations induced by JMJD2B on CRC cell survival were determined by cell viability, immunoblotting, and clonogenic assays, and flow cytometry. The underlying mechanisms by which JMJD2B affected CRC cell metabolism were assessed using immunofluorescence staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, electron microscopy in CRC cell lines, and using xenograft models. The correlation between JMJD2B and LC3B expression in human CRC specimens was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: Profound metabolic reprogramming was detected in JMJD2B knockdown CRC cells under glucose deficiency, especially those involving amino acid metabolites. Silencing of JMJD2B reduced the levels of certain amino acids that were induced by glucose deficiency. Among these amino acids, asparagine (Asn), phenylalanine (Phe), and histidine (His) promoted CRC cell survival under glucose starvation when JMJD2B was knocked down. Mechanistically, downregulation of JMJD2B inhibited autophagy in CRC cells through epigenetic regulation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), and subsequently decreased intracellular amino acid (Asn, Phe, His) levels under glucose deprivation, thus suppressing the survival of CRC cells. Using a nude mouse xenograft model, we verified that inhibiting JMJD2B could decrease the levels of amino acids (Asn, Phe, His). In addition, the inhibitory effects of JMJD2B-knockdown on tumor growth and amino acids level were rescued by overexpression of LC3B. Furthermore, we observed that the high expression of LC3B was more likely detected in tissuses with high expression of JMJD2B (P < 0.001) in 60 human CRC tissues. Conclusion: These results indicated that JMJD2B sustained the intracellular amino acids derived from autophagy in CRC cells upon glucose deficiency, partly through epigenetic regulation of LC3B, thus driving the malignancy of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hao-Lian Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. 280 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian-Qian Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chun-Min Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yun-Qian Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lin-Na Fu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qin-Yan Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zang X, Monge ME, Gaul DA, Fernández FM. Flow Injection–Traveling-Wave Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry for Prostate-Cancer Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13767-13774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thomas M, Davis T, Loos B, Sishi B, Huisamen B, Strijdom H, Engelbrecht AM. Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of amino acids and ATP levels during acute amino acid starvation in MDAMB231 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:65-79. [PMID: 29399832 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a major role in the adaptive metabolic response of cancer cells during adverse conditions such as nutrient deprivation. However, specific data that assess metabolite profiles in context with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability and cell death susceptibility remain limited. Human breast cancer cells, MDAMB231, and normal breast epithelial cells, MCF12A, were subjected to short-term amino acid starvation and the cellular apoptotic and autophagic responses assessed. The role of autophagy in the control of cellular amino acid, ATP, free fatty acid, and glucose levels during amino acid starvation were compared. We demonstrate that breast cancer cells have an increased metabolic demand contributing to significant amino acid and ATP depletion in a nutrient-poor environment. Upregulation of autophagy was important for the generation of amino acids and free fatty acids and maintenance of cellular ATP levels. In contrast to normal cells, breast cancer cells were unable to maintain the response after 12 hours of amino acid starvation. Regulation of autophagic activity in these environments had indirect consequences on cell death susceptibility. Overall, our data provide support for autophagy as an important survival mechanism capable of providing metabolic substrates when cancer cells are faced with nutrient-deprived environments. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The results obtained in this study helps to expand our current knowledge on how cells respond to environmental changes; the biochemical and metabolic consequences and the physiological processes activated in response. The environmental stress applied in this study is relevant to tumour physiology, and results can be translated to cancer therapeutic and clinical research areas, ultimately assisting in the specific targeting of cancer cells while avoiding harm to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tanja Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Balindiwe Sishi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Diabetes Discovery Platform, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mello-Andrade F, da Costa WL, Pires WC, Pereira FDC, Cardoso CG, Lino-Junior RDS, Irusta VRC, Carneiro CC, de Melo-Reis PR, Castro CH, Almeida MAP, Batista AA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Antitumor effectiveness and mechanism of action of Ru(II)/amino acid/diphosphine complexes in the peritoneal carcinomatosis progression. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695933. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Lucas da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Castro Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ruy de Souza Lino-Junior
- Laboratório de Patologia Geral, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia de Microrganismos e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto de Melo-Reis
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais em Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biomedicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Autonômica e Cardíaca, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heger Z, Gumulec J, Cernei N, Polanska H, Raudenska M, Masarik M, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Adam V, Kizek R. Relation of exposure to amino acids involved in sarcosine metabolic pathway on behavior of non-tumor and malignant prostatic cell lines. Prostate 2016; 76:679-90. [PMID: 26847870 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcosine (N-methylglycine) was previously delineated as a substantial oncometabolite of prostate cancer (PCa) and its metabolism seems to be significantly involved in PCa development and behavior. METHODS We focused on investigation whether the exposure of prostate cells (PNT1A, 22Rv1, and PC-3) to sarcosine-related amino acids (glycine, dimethylglycine, and sarcosine) affects their aggressiveness (cell mobility and division rates, using real-time cell based assay). The effect of supplementation on expression of glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) mRNA was examined using qRT-PCR. Finally, post-treatment amino acids patterns were determined with consequent statistical processing using the Ward's method, factorial ANOVA and principal component analysis (P < 0.05). RESULTS The highest migration induced sarcosine and glycine in metastatic PC-3 cells (a decrease in relative free area about 53% and 73%). The highest cell division was achieved after treatment of 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells with sarcosine (time required for division decreased by 65% or 45%, when compared to untreated cells). qRT-PCR revealed also significant effects on expression of GNMT. Finally, amino acid profiling shown specific amino acid patterns for each cell line. In both, treated and untreated PC-3 cells significantly higher levels of serine, glutamic acid, and aspartate, linked with prostate cancer progression were found. CONCLUSIONS Sarcosine-related amino acids can exceptionally affect the behavior of benign and malignant prostate cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Hana Polanska
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Michal Masarik
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuan L, Sheng X, Willson AK, Roque DR, Stine JE, Guo H, Jones HM, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Glutamine promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation through the mTOR/S6 pathway. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:577-91. [PMID: 26045471 PMCID: PMC4500469 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is one of the main nutrients used by tumor cells for biosynthesis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of glutamine metabolism may have anti-tumorigenic implications. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine on ovarian cancer cell growth. Three ovarian cancer cell lines, HEY, SKOV3, and IGROV-1, were assayed for glutamine dependence by analyzing cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell stress, and glucose/glutamine metabolism. Our results revealed that administration of glutamine increased cell proliferation in all three ovarian cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Depletion of glutamine induced reactive oxygen species and expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins. In addition, glutamine increased the activity of glutaminase (GLS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) by modulating the mTOR/S6 and MAPK pathways. Inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin or blocking S6 expression by siRNA inhibited GDH and GLS activity, leading to a decrease in glutamine-induced cell proliferation. These studies suggest that targeting glutamine metabolism may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqin Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam K Willson
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dario R Roque
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica E Stine
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah M Jones
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Gynecologic OncologyShanDong Tumor Hospital and Cancer Institute, Jinan University, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of ChinaDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7572, Physicians Office Building Rm #B105, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USALineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shang D, Li C, Yao Q, Yang H, Xu Y, Han J, Li J, Su F, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li D, Li X. Prioritizing candidate disease metabolites based on global functional relationships between metabolites in the context of metabolic pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104934. [PMID: 25153931 PMCID: PMC4143229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of key metabolites for complex diseases is a challenging task in today's medicine and biology. A special disease is usually caused by the alteration of a series of functional related metabolites having a global influence on the metabolic network. Moreover, the metabolites in the same metabolic pathway are often associated with the same or similar disease. Based on these functional relationships between metabolites in the context of metabolic pathways, we here presented a pathway-based random walk method called PROFANCY for prioritization of candidate disease metabolites. Our strategy not only takes advantage of the global functional relationships between metabolites but also sufficiently exploits the functionally modular nature of metabolic networks. Our approach proved successful in prioritizing known metabolites for 71 diseases with an AUC value of 0.895. We also assessed the performance of PROFANCY on 16 disease classes and found that 4 classes achieved an AUC value over 0.95. To investigate the robustness of the PROFANCY, we repeated all the analyses in two metabolic networks and obtained similar results. Then we applied our approach to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and found that a top ranked candidate was potentially related to AD but had not been reported previously. Furthermore, our method was applicable to prioritize the metabolites from metabolomic profiles of prostate cancer. The PROFANCY could identify prostate cancer related-metabolites that are supported by literatures but not considered to be significantly differential by traditional differential analysis. We also developed a freely accessible web-based and R-based tool at http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/PROFANCY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Haixiu Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fei Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Dongguo Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XL)
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XL)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zang X, Jones CM, Long TQ, Monge ME, Zhou M, Walker LD, Mezencev R, Gray A, McDonald JF, Fernández FM. Feasibility of detecting prostate cancer by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry serum metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3444-54. [PMID: 24922590 DOI: 10.1021/pr500409q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. The prevalent diagnosis method is based on the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test, which suffers from low specificity, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment. In this work, untargeted metabolomic profiling of age-matched serum samples from prostate cancer patients and healthy individuals was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and machine learning methods. A metabolite-based in vitro diagnostic multivariate index assay (IVDMIA) was developed to predict the presence of PCa in serum samples with high classification sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. A panel of 40 metabolic spectral features was found to be differential with 92.1% sensitivity, 94.3% specificity, and 93.0% accuracy. The performance of the IVDMIA was higher than the prevalent PSA test. Within the discriminant panel, 31 metabolites were identified by MS and MS/MS, with 10 further confirmed chromatographically by standards. Numerous discriminant metabolites were mapped in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. The identification of fatty acids, amino acids, lysophospholipids, and bile acids provided further insights into the metabolic alterations associated with the disease. With additional work, the results presented here show great potential toward implementation in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡College of Computing, §School of Biology, Integrated Cancer Research Center, and ∥Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Foster R, Griffin S, Grooby S, Feltell R, Christopherson C, Chang M, Sninsky J, Kwok S, Torrance C. Multiple metabolic alterations exist in mutant PI3K cancers, but only glucose is essential as a nutrient source. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45061. [PMID: 23028762 PMCID: PMC3441563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumour metabolism is becoming a major new area of pharmaceutical endeavour. Consequently, a systematic search to define whether there are specific energy source dependencies in tumours, and how these might be dictated by upstream driving genetic mutations, is required. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway has a seminal role in regulating diverse cellular processes including cell proliferation and survival, but has also been associated with metabolic dysregulation. In this study, we sought to define how mutations within PI3KCA may affect the metabolic dependency of a cancer cell, using precisely engineered isogenic cell lines. Studies revealed gene expression signatures in PIK3CA mutant cells indicative of a consistent up-regulation of glycolysis. Interestingly, the genes up- and down-regulated varied between isogenic models suggesting that the primary node of regulation is not the same between models. Additional gene expression changes were also observed, suggesting that metabolic pathways other than glycolysis, such as glutaminolysis, were also affected. Nutrient dependency studies revealed that growth of PIK3CA mutant cells is highly dependent on glucose, whereas glutamine dependency is independent of PIK3CA status. In addition, the glucose dependency exhibited by PIK3CA mutant cells could not be overridden by supplementation with other nutrients. This specific dependence on glucose for growth was further illustrated by studies evaluating the effects of targeted disruption of the glycolytic pathway using siRNA and was also found to be present across a wider panel of cancer cell lines harbouring endogenous PIK3CA mutations. In conclusion, we have found that PIK3CA mutations lead to a shift towards a highly glycolytic phenotype, and that despite suggestions that cancer cells are adept at utilising alternative nutrient sources, PIK3CA mutant cells are not able to compensate for glucose withdrawal. Understanding the metabolic dependencies of PIK3CA mutant cancers will provide critical information for the design of effective therapies and tumour visualisation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Foster
- Horizon Discovery Ltd, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Fu YM, Meadows GG. Differential effects of specific amino acid restriction on glucose metabolism, reduction/oxidation status and mitochondrial damage in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:349-355. [PMID: 21415930 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective amino acid restriction targets mitochondria to induce apoptosis of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Biochemical assays and flow cytometry were uitilized to analyze the glucose consumption, lactate production, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/NADH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)/NADPH ratios, mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase (GPx), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in DU145 and PC prostate cancer cells cultured under various amino acid deprived conditions. Restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine (Tyr/Phe), glutamine (Gln) or methionine (Met) differentially modulated glucose metabolism and PDH and antioxidant enzyme activity in the mitochondria of the two prostate cancer cell lines. In DU145 cells, Gln and Met restriction increased glucose consumption and decreased lactate production, but Tyr/Phe restriction did not. The examined restrictions increased mitochondrial PDH activity and accumulation of ROS. Gln and Met restriction increased GPx activity. Tyr/Phe and Met restriction increased SOD during the first 2 days of the restriction, and the activity returned to the basal level on day 4. All amino acid restrictions decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and induced mitochondrial DNA damage. In PC3 cells, all amino acid restrictions reduced glucose consumption and lactate production. Gln restriction increased ROS and elevated GPx activity. Tyr/Phe restriction increased SOD activity. The amino acid restriction decreased GSH, but did not cause mitochondrial DNA damage. Specific amino acid dependency differentially regulates glucose metabolism, oxidation-reduction reactions of mitochondria and mitochondrial damage in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6534, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
[Gynecologic examinations]. Cancers (Basel) 1965; 10:cancers10020040. [PMID: 29385093 PMCID: PMC5836072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours contain a small number of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is through these that tumour regrowth originates at secondary sites, thus rendering CSCs an attractive target for treatment. Cancer cells adapt cellular metabolism for aggressive proliferation. Tumour cells use less efficient glycolysis for the production of ATP and increasing tumour mass, instead of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). CSCs show distinct metabolic shift and, depending on the cancer type, can be highly glycolytic or OXPHOS dependent. Since Wnt signalling promotes glycolysis and tumour growth, we investigated the effect of the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) on CSC metabolism. We demonstrate that sFRP4 has a prominent role in basal glucose uptake in CSCs derived from breast and prostate tumour cell lines. We show that sFRP4 treatment on CSCs isolated with variable glucose content induces metabolic reprogramming by relocating metabolic flux to glycolysis or OXPHOS. Altogether, sFRP4 treatment compromises cell proliferation and critically affects cell survival mechanisms such as viability, glucose transporters, pyruvate conversion, mammalian target of rapamycin, and induces CSC apoptosis under conditions of variable glucose content. Our findings provide the feasibility of using sFRP4 to inhibit CSC survival in order to induce metabolic reprogramming in vivo.
Collapse
|