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Zhao B, Lv Y. A biomechanical view of epigenetic tumor regulation. J Biol Phys 2023:10.1007/s10867-023-09633-3. [PMID: 37004697 PMCID: PMC10397176 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-023-09633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors depend on a complex regulation by not only biochemical cues, but also biomechanical factors in tumor microenvironment. With the development of epigenetic theory, the regulation of biomechanical stimulation on tumor progress genetically is not enough to fully illustrate the mechanism of tumorigenesis. However, biomechanical regulation on tumor progress epigenetically is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is particularly important to integrate the existing relevant researches and develop the potential exploration. This work sorted out the existing researches on the regulation of tumor by biomechanical factors through epigenetic means, which contains summarizing the tumor epigenetic regulatory mode by biomechanical factors, exhibiting the influence of epigenetic regulation under mechanical stimulation, illustrating its existing applications, and prospecting the potential. This review aims to display the relevant knowledge through integrating the existing studies on epigenetic regulation in tumorigenesis under mechanical stimulation so as to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for potential follow-up research and clinical applications. Mechanical factors under physiological conditions stimulate the tumor progress through epigenetic ways, and new strategies are expected to be found with the development of epidrugs and related delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Zhao
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, No. 1 Sunshine Avenue, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430200, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lozano A, Souche FR, Chavey C, Dardalhon V, Ramirez C, Vegna S, Desandre G, Riviere A, Zine El Aabidine A, Fort P, Akkari L, Hibner U, Grégoire D. Ras/MAPK signalling intensity defines subclonal fitness in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2023; 12:76294. [PMID: 36656749 PMCID: PMC9891719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative differences in signal transduction are to date an understudied feature of tumour heterogeneity. The MAPK Erk pathway, which is activated in a large proportion of human tumours, is a prototypic example of distinct cell fates being driven by signal intensity. We have used primary hepatocyte precursors transformed with different dosages of an oncogenic form of Ras to model subclonal variations in MAPK signalling. Orthotopic allografts of Ras-transformed cells in immunocompromised mice gave rise to fast-growing aggressive tumours, both at the primary location and in the peritoneal cavity. Fluorescent labelling of cells expressing different oncogene levels, and consequently varying levels of MAPK Erk activation, highlighted the selection processes operating at the two sites of tumour growth. Indeed, significantly higher Ras expression was observed in primary as compared to secondary, metastatic sites, despite the apparent evolutionary trade-off of increased apoptotic death in the liver that correlated with high Ras dosage. Analysis of the immune tumour microenvironment at the two locations suggests that fast peritoneal tumour growth in the immunocompromised setting is abrogated in immunocompetent animals due to efficient antigen presentation by peritoneal dendritic cells. Furthermore, our data indicate that, in contrast to the metastatic-like outgrowth, strong MAPK signalling is required in the primary liver tumours to resist elimination by NK (natural killer) cells. Overall, this study describes a quantitative aspect of tumour heterogeneity and points to a potential vulnerability of a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma as a function of MAPK Erk signalling intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lozano
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Francois-Régis Souche
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Department of surgery and liver transplantation, Hopital Saint Eloi Hopitaux universitaires de MontpelierMontpellierFrance
| | - Carine Chavey
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Christel Ramirez
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Serena Vegna
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Guillaume Desandre
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Anaïs Riviere
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Amal Zine El Aabidine
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Philippe Fort
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Urszula Hibner
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Damien Grégoire
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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3
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Liu W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wu Y, Ma Q, Shi Y, He R, Zhang T, Ma Y, Zuo W, Wu Z. Clonal expansion of hepatic progenitor cells and differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:203-211. [PMID: 30786319 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in adult liver are promising for treatment of liver diseases. A biliary-derived HPC population in adult mice has been characterized by co-expression of stem cell marker Sry (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9) and biliary marker cytokeratin 7 (CK7). However, isolation of these HPCs in adult healthy liver without any selection procedures remains a big challenge in this field. Here, by establishing a simple and efficient method to isolate and expand the CK7+ SOX9+ HPCs in vitro as clones, we acquired a stable and largely scalable cell source. The CK7+ SOX9+ progenitor cells were then further induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells with expression of mature hepatocyte markers albumin (Alb) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9). Furthermore, we found that the HPCs are highly responsive to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signals. Collectively, we identified and harvested a CK7+ SOX9+ progenitor cell population from adult mouse liver by a simple and efficient approach. The exploration of this HPC population offers an alternative strategy of generating hepatocyte-like cells for cell-based therapies of acute and chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China.,Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufen Sun
- Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China.,Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchuan Wu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwang Ma
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxu He
- Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China.,Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Kiangnan Stem Cell Institute, Hangzhou, China.,Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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TGF-β Family Signaling in Ductal Differentiation and Branching Morphogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031997. [PMID: 28289061 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells contribute to the development of various vital organs by generating tubular and/or glandular architectures. The fully developed forms of ductal organs depend on processes of branching morphogenesis, whereby frequency, total number, and complexity of the branching tissue define the final architecture in the organ. Some ductal tissues, like the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation, disintegrate and regenerate through periodic cycles. Differentiation of branched epithelia is driven by antagonistic actions of parallel growth factor systems that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal communication. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members and their extracellular antagonists are prominently involved in both normal and disease-associated (e.g., malignant or fibrotic) ductal tissue patterning. Here, we discuss collective knowledge that permeates the roles of TGF-β family members in the control of the ductal tissues in the vertebrate body.
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Dysregulated YAP1/TAZ and TGF-β signaling mediate hepatocarcinogenesis in Mob1a/1b-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:E71-80. [PMID: 26699479 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517188113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mps One Binder Kinase Activator (MOB)1A/1B are core components of the Hippo pathway that coactivate large tumor suppressor homolog (LATS) kinases. Mob1a/1b double deficiency in mouse liver (LMob1DKO) results in hyperplasia of oval cells and immature cholangiocytes accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. More than half of mutant mice die within 3 wk of birth. All survivors eventually develop liver cancers, particularly combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas (cHC-CCs) and intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas (ICCs), and die by age 60 wk. Because this phenotype is the most severe among mutant mice lacking a Hippo signaling component, MOB1A/1B constitute the critical hub of Hippo signaling in mammalian liver. LMob1DKO liver cells show hyperproliferation, increased cell saturation density, hepatocyte dedifferentiation, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration, and elevated transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)2/3 production. These changes are strongly dependent on Yes-Associated Protein-1 (Yap1) and partially dependent on PDZ-binding motif (Taz) and Tgfbr2, but independent of connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf). In human liver cancers, YAP1 activation is frequent in cHC-CCs and ICCs and correlates with SMAD family member 2 activation. Drug screening revealed that antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones inhibit YAP1 activation in vitro and in vivo. Targeting YAP1/TAZ with these drugs in combination with inhibition of the TGF-β pathway may be effective treatment for cHC-CCs and ICCs.
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De Assuncao TM, Sun Y, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Drinane M, Huang BQ, Li Y, Davila JI, Wang R, O’Hara SP, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Ikeda Y, Huebert RC. Development and characterization of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cholangiocytes. J Transl Med 2015; 95:684-96. [PMID: 25867762 PMCID: PMC4447567 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocytes are the target of a heterogeneous group of liver diseases known as the cholangiopathies. An evolving understanding of the mechanisms driving biliary development provides the theoretical underpinnings for rational development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cholangiocytes (iDCs). Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop an approach to generate iDCs and to fully characterize the cells in vitro and in vivo. Human iPSC lines were generated by forced expression of the Yamanaka pluripotency factors. We then pursued a stepwise differentiation strategy toward iDCs, using precise temporal exposure to key biliary morphogens, and we characterized the cells, using a variety of morphologic, molecular, cell biologic, functional, and in vivo approaches. Morphology shows a stepwise phenotypic change toward an epithelial monolayer. Molecular analysis during differentiation shows appropriate enrichment in markers of iPSC, definitive endoderm, hepatic specification, hepatic progenitors, and ultimately cholangiocytes. Immunostaining, western blotting, and flow cytometry demonstrate enrichment of multiple functionally relevant biliary proteins. RNA sequencing reveals that the transcriptome moves progressively toward that of human cholangiocytes. iDCs generate intracellular calcium signaling in response to ATP, form intact primary cilia, and self-assemble into duct-like structures in three-dimensional culture. In vivo, the cells engraft within mouse liver, following retrograde intrabiliary infusion. In summary, we have developed a novel approach to generate mature cholangiocytes from iPSCs. In addition to providing a model of biliary differentiation, iDCs represent a platform for in vitro disease modeling, pharmacologic testing, and individualized, cell-based, regenerative therapies for the cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. De Assuncao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Yan Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary Drinane
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Bing Q. Huang
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Jaime I. Davila
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Ruisi Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven P. O’Hara
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Gwen A. Lomberk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Raul A. Urrutia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert C. Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
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7
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Paganelli M, Nyabi O, Sid B, Evraerts J, El Malmi I, Heremans Y, Dollé L, Benton C, Calderon PB, van Grunsven L, Heimberg H, Campard D, Sokal E, Najimi M. Downregulation of Sox9 Expression Associates with Hepatogenic Differentiation of Human Liver Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1377-91. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Paganelli
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Omar Nyabi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brice Sid
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, PMNT Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evraerts
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Imane El Malmi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Dollé
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carley Benton
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro-Buc Calderon
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, PMNT Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Campard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Huebert RC, Rakela J. Cellular therapy for liver disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:414-24. [PMID: 24582199 PMCID: PMC4212517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is energizing and empowering basic science and has the potential to dramatically transform health care in the future. Given the remarkable intrinsic regenerative properties of the liver, as well as widespread adoption of regenerative strategies for liver disease (eg, liver transplant, partial hepatectomy, living donor transplant), hepatology has always been at the forefront of clinical regenerative medicine. However, an expanding pool of patients awaiting liver transplant, a limited pool of donor organs, and finite applicability of the current surgical approaches have created a need for more refined and widely available regenerative medicine strategies. Although cell-based therapies have been used extensively for hematologic malignant diseases and other conditions, the potential application of cellular therapy for acute and chronic liver diseases has only more recently been explored. New understanding of the mechanisms of liver regeneration and repair, including activation of local stem/progenitor cells and contributions from circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells, provide the theoretical underpinnings for the rational use of cell-based therapies in clinical trials. In this review, we dissect the scientific rationale for various modalities of cell therapy for liver diseases being explored in animal models and review those tested in human clinical trials. We also attempt to clarify some of the important ongoing questions that need to be addressed in order to bring these powerful therapies to clinical translation. Discussions will cover transplant of hepatocytes and liver stem/progenitor cells as well as infusion or stimulation of bone marrow-derived stem cells. We also highlight tremendous scientific advances on the horizon, including the potential use of induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives as individualized regenerative therapy for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Rakela
- Division of Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
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9
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Kim JB, Ann YH, Park SY, Jee HG, Kim HR, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Lee HS, Kim YJ. Side population in LX2 cells decreased by transforming growth factor-β. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:229-37. [PMID: 23578133 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Side population (SP) cells are known to be enriched in stem/progenitor-like cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) production in hepatic stellate cells. We hypothesized that the SP fraction in LX2 cells is associated with ECM deposition, which is regulated through TGF-β signaling. METHODS We investigated the relationship between SP cells and TGF-β signaling in the hepatic stellate cell line LX2. The effects of TGF-β and SB431542 on the SP fraction and expression of collagen type I and phospho-Smad2 was determined. RESULTS We identified 0.8-3% SP cells in LX2 cells. The growth rate of sorted SP and non-SP cells was similar to that of the original LX2 population, but population of the G0/G1 phase was increased in SP cells. Treatment of LX2 cells with TGF-β decreased the SP fraction in a dose-dependent manner and increased the production of collagen type I. Treatment of LX2 cells with SB431542 blocked the effect of TGF-β on the SP fraction and the expression of collagen type I. We cultured LX2 cells on collagen-coated dishes to observe the effect of ECM deposition on the SP fraction. The growth rate and cell cycle distribution was similar to that observed on normal tissue culture dishes, but the SP fraction was decreased when LX2 cells were cultured on collagen-coated plates. CONCLUSION These results show that LX2 cells contain an SP fraction and that TGF-β signaling is involved in the induction of ECM deposition as well as the number of SP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Floc'h N, Kolodziejski J, Akkari L, Simonin Y, Ansieau S, Puisieux A, Hibner U, Lassus P. Modulation of oxidative stress by twist oncoproteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72490. [PMID: 23967308 PMCID: PMC3742535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of developmental genes Twist1 and Twist2 is reactivated in many human tumors. Among their oncogenic activities, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition is believed to increase cell motility and invasiveness and may be related to acquisition of cancer stem cell phenotype. In addition, Twist proteins promote malignant conversion by overriding two oncogene-induced failsafe programs: senescence and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also important mediators of apoptosis, senescence and motility and are tightly linked to disease, notably to cancer. We report here that Twist factors and ROS are functionally linked. In wild type cells both Twist1 and Twist2 exhibit antioxidant properties. We show that Twist-driven modulation of oncogene-induced apoptosis is linked to its effects on oxidative stress. Finally, we identify several targets that mediate Twist antioxidant activity. These findings unveil a new function of Twist factors that could be important in explaining their pleiotropic role during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Floc'h
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Jakub Kolodziejski
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila Akkari
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Ansieau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Université Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Université Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Urszula Hibner
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Lassus
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier I and Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Hepatitis C viral protein NS5A induces EMT and participates in oncogenic transformation of primary hepatocyte precursors. J Hepatol 2012; 57:1021-8. [PMID: 22750466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Apicobasal polarity, which is essential for epithelial structure and function, is targeted by several tumour-related pathogens and is generally perturbed in the course of carcinogenesis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a strong risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, typically preceded by dysplastic alterations of cell morphology. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and the functional consequences of HCV-driven perturbations of epithelial polarity. METHODS We used biochemical, genetic, and cell biology approaches to assess the impact of hepatitis C viral protein NS5A on the polarity and function of hepatocytes and hepatic progenitors. Transgenic animals and xenograft models served for in vivo validation of the results obtained in cell culture. RESULTS We found that expression of HCV-NS5A in primary hepatic precursors and in immortalized hepatocyte cell lines gave rise to profound modifications of cell polarity, leading to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). NS5A, either alone or in the context of the full complement of viral proteins in the course of infection, acted through activating Twist2, a transcriptional regulator of EMT. The effects of NS5A were additive to those of TGF-β, a cytokine abundant in diseased liver and highly relevant to HCV-related pathology. Moreover, NS5A cooperates with oncogenic Ras, giving rise to transformed, invasive cells that are highly tumorigenic in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in the context of HCV infection, NS5A favors formation of preneoplastic lesions by disrupting cell polarity and additional oncogenic events cooperate with the viral protein to give rise to motile and invasive tumour cells.
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Mora JM, Fenwick MA, Castle L, Baithun M, Ryder TA, Mobberley M, Carzaniga R, Franks S, Hardy K. Characterization and Significance of Adhesion and Junction-Related Proteins in Mouse Ovarian Follicles1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:153, 1-14. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.096156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Caperna TJ, Blomberg LA, Garrett WM, Talbot NC. Culture of porcine hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells by inductive serum-free media. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2011; 47:218-33. [PMID: 21298557 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A serum-free, feeder cell-dependent, selective culture system for the long-term culture of porcine hepatocytes or cholangiocytes was developed. Liver cells were isolated from 1-wk-old pigs or young adult pigs (25 and 63 kg live weight) and were placed in primary culture on feeder cell layers of mitotically blocked mouse fibroblasts. In serum-free medium containing 1% DMSO and 1 μM dexamethasone, confluent monolayers of hepatocytes formed and could be maintained for several wk. Light and electron microscopic analysis showed hepatocytes with in vivo-like morphology, and many hepatocytes were sandwiched between the feeder cells. When isolated liver cells were cultured in medium without dexamethasone but with 0.5% DMSO, monolayers of cholangioctyes formed that subsequently self-organized into networks of multicellular ductal structures, and whose cells had monocilia projecting into the lumen of the duct. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was expressed by the cholangiocytes at their apical membranes, i.e., at the inner surface of the ducts. Cellular GGT activity increased concomitantly with the development of ductal structures. Cytochrome P-450 was determined in microsomes following addition of metyrapone to the cultures. In vivo-like levels of P-450s were found in hepatocyte monolayers while levels of P-450 were markedly reduced in cholangiocyte monolayers. Serum protein secretion in conditioned media was analyzed by Western blot and indicated that albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin levels were maintained in hepatocytes while albumin and haptoglobin declined over time in cholangiocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that serum protein mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the hepatocytes monolayers in comparison to the bile ductule-containing monolayers. Further, mRNAs specific to cholangiocyte differentiation and function were significantly elevated in bile ductule monolayers in comparison to hepatocyte monolayers. The results demonstrate an in vitro model for the study of either porcine hepatocytes or cholangiocytes with in vivo-like morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Caperna
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ANRI, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Bldg 200, Rm 201, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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