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Gan L, Jiang Q, Huang D, Wu X, Zhu X, Wang L, Xie W, Huang J, Fan R, Jing Y, Tang G, Li XD, Guo J, Yin S. A natural small molecule alleviates liver fibrosis by targeting apolipoprotein L2. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01704-3. [PMID: 39103634 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an urgent clinical problem without effective therapies. Here we conducted a high-content screening on a natural Euphorbiaceae diterpenoid library to identify a potent anti-liver fibrosis lead, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate (DP). Leveraging a photo-affinity labeling approach, apolipoprotein L2 (APOL2), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-rich protein, was identified as the direct target of DP. Mechanistically, APOL2 is induced in activated hepatic stellate cells upon transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation, which then binds to sarcoplasmic/ER calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) to trigger ER stress and elevate its downstream protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK)-hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) axis, ultimately promoting liver fibrosis. As a result, targeting APOL2 by DP or ablation of APOL2 significantly impairs APOL2-SERCA2-PERK-HES1 signaling and mitigates fibrosis progression. Our findings not only define APOL2 as a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis but also highlight DP as a promising lead for treatment of this symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueji Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialuo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runzhu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihang Jing
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (SZBL), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guihua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (SZBL), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Paz-Barba M, Muñoz Garcia A, de Winter TJJ, de Graaf N, van Agen M, van der Sar E, Lambregtse F, Daleman L, van der Slik A, Zaldumbide A, de Koning EJP, Carlotti F. Apolipoprotein L genes are novel mediators of inflammation in beta cells. Diabetologia 2024; 67:124-136. [PMID: 37924378 PMCID: PMC10709252 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation induces beta cell dysfunction and demise but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The apolipoprotein L (APOL) family of genes has been associated with innate immunity and apoptosis in non-pancreatic cell types, but also with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we hypothesised that APOL genes play a role in inflammation-induced beta cell damage. METHODS We used single-cell transcriptomics datasets of primary human pancreatic islet cells to study the expression of APOL genes upon specific stress conditions. Validation of the findings was carried out in EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets. Finally, we performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments to investigate the role of APOL genes in beta cells. RESULTS APOL genes are expressed in primary human beta cells and APOL1, 2 and 6 are strongly upregulated upon inflammation via the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. APOL1 overexpression increases endoplasmic reticulum stress while APOL1 knockdown prevents cytokine-induced beta cell death and interferon-associated response. Furthermore, we found that APOL genes are upregulated in beta cells from donors with type 2 diabetes compared with donors without diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION APOLs are novel regulators of islet inflammation and may contribute to beta cell damage during the development of diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY scRNAseq data generated by our laboratory and used in this study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ), accession number GSE218316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Paz-Barba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amadeo Muñoz Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Twan J J de Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Natascha de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Agen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van der Sar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdy Lambregtse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lizanne Daleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Slik
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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3
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Wang XK, Guo YX, Wang M, Zhang XD, Liu ZY, Wang MS, Luo K, Huang S, Li RF. Identification and validation of candidate clinical signatures of apolipoprotein L isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20969. [PMID: 38017264 PMCID: PMC10684526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide with an increasing number of new cases each year. Apolipoprotein (APOL) isoforms have been explored for their associations with HCC.The GSE14520 cohort was used for training data; The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for validated data. Diagnostic, prognostic significance and mechanisms were explored using these cohorts. Risk score models and nomograms were constructed using prognosis-related isoforms and clinical factors for survival prediction. Oncomine and HCCDB databases were further used for validation of diagnostic, prognostic significance. APOL1, 3, and 6 were differentially expressed in two cohorts (all P ≤ 0.05). APOL1 and APOL6 had diagnostic capacity whereas APOL3 and APOL6 had prognostic capacity in two cohorts (areas under curves [AUCs] > 0.7, P ≤ 0.05). Mechanism studies demonstrated that APOL3 and APOL6 might be involved in humoral chemokine signaling pathways (all P ≤ 0.05). Risk score models and nomograms were constructed and validated for survival prediction of HCC. Moreover, diagnostic values of APOL1 and weak APOL6 were validated in Oncomine database (AUC > 0.700, 0.694); prognostic values of APOL3 and APOL6 were validated in HCCDB database (all P < 0.05). Differentially expressed APOL1 and APOL6 might be diagnostic biomarkers; APOL3 and APOL6 might be prognostic biomarkers of RFS and OS for HCC via chemokine signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kun Wang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Guo
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nanyang Second General Hospital, Nanyang, 473009, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Sen Wang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Luo
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Feng Li
- Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ha Y, Lee WH, Kim JK, Jeon HK, Lee J, Kim YJ. Polyopes affinis Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061836. [PMID: 35335198 PMCID: PMC8954520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyopes affinis is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether P. affinis extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production by blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Ha
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Won-Hwi Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Jeon
- Advanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Korea;
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8861 (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8861 (Y.-J.K.)
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5
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Müller D, Schmitz J, Fischer K, Granado D, Groh AC, Krausel V, Lüttgenau SM, Amelung TM, Pavenstädt H, Weide T. Evolution of Renal-Disease Factor APOL1 Results in Cis and Trans Orientations at the Endoplasmic Reticulum That Both Show Cytotoxic Effects. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4962-4976. [PMID: 34323996 PMCID: PMC8557400 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent and exclusively in humans and a few other higher primates expressed APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) gene is linked to African human trypanosomiasis (also known as African sleeping sickness) as well as to different forms of kidney diseases. Whereas APOL1's role as a trypanolytic factor is well established, pathobiological mechanisms explaining its cytotoxicity in renal cells remain unclear. In this study, we compared the APOL family members using a combination of evolutionary studies and cell biological experiments to detect unique features causal for APOL1 nephrotoxic effects. We investigated available primate and mouse genome and transcriptome data to apply comparative phylogenetic and maximum likelihood selection analyses. We suggest that the APOL gene family evolved early in vertebrates and initial splitting occurred in ancestral mammals. Diversification and differentiation of functional domains continued in primates, including developing the two members APOL1 and APOL2. Their close relationship could be diagnosed by sequence similarity and a shared ancestral insertion of an AluY transposable element. Live-cell imaging analyses showed that both expressed proteins show a strong preference to localize at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, glycosylation and secretion assays revealed that-unlike APOL2-APOL1 membrane insertion or association occurs in different orientations at the ER, with the disease-associated mutants facing either the luminal (cis) or cytoplasmic (trans) side of the ER. The various pools of APOL1 at the ER offer a novel perspective in explaining the broad spectrum of its observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Müller
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Fischer
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Granado
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Groh
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krausel
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Simona Mareike Lüttgenau
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Till Maximilian Amelung
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
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6
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Smith RL, Goddard A, Boddapati A, Brooks S, Schoeman JP, Lack J, Leisewitz A, Ackerman H. Experimental Babesia rossi infection induces hemolytic, metabolic, and viral response pathways in the canine host. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:619. [PMID: 34399690 PMCID: PMC8369750 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Babesia rossi is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the canine population of sub-Saharan Africa, but pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Previous studies of B. rossi infection were derived from clinical cases, in which neither the onset of infection nor the infectious inoculum was known. Here, we performed controlled B. rossi inoculations in canines and evaluated disease progression through clinical tests and whole blood transcriptomic profiling. Results Two subjects were administered a low inoculum (104 parasites) while three received a high (108 parasites). Subjects were monitored for 8 consecutive days; anti-parasite treatment with diminazene aceturate was administered on day 4. Blood was drawn prior to inoculation as well as every experimental day for assessment of clinical parameters and transcriptomic profiles. The model recapitulated natural disease manifestations including anemia, acidosis, inflammation and behavioral changes. Rate of disease onset and clinical severity were proportional to the inoculum. To analyze the temporal dynamics of the transcriptomic host response, we sequenced mRNA extracted from whole blood drawn on days 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Differential gene expression, hierarchical clustering, and pathway enrichment analyses identified genes and pathways involved in response to hemolysis, metabolic changes, and several arms of the immune response including innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and response to viral infection. Conclusions This work comprehensively characterizes the clinical and transcriptomic progression of B. rossi infection in canines, thus establishing a large mammalian model of severe hemoprotozoal disease to facilitate the study of host-parasite biology and in which to test novel anti-disease therapeutics. The knowledge gained from the study of B. rossi in canines will not only improve our understanding of this emerging infectious disease threat in domestic dogs, but also provide insight into the pathobiology of human diseases caused by Babesia and Plasmodium species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07889-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Smith
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Arun Boddapati
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science (ABCS), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Steven Brooks
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Johan P Schoeman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science (ABCS), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Andrew Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Hans Ackerman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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7
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Wu W, Tian L, Zhang W, Booth JL, Ainsua-Enrich E, Kovats S, Brown BR, Metcalf JP. Long-term cigarette smoke exposure dysregulates pulmonary T cell response and IFN-γ protection to influenza virus in mouse. Respir Res 2021; 22:112. [PMID: 33879121 PMCID: PMC8056367 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a highly contagious, acute, febrile respiratory infection caused by a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, which belongs in the Orthomyxoviridae family. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure worsens influenza infection in terms of frequency and severity in both human and animal models. METHODS C57BL/6 mice with or without CS exposure for 6 weeks were inoculated intranasally with a single, non-lethal dose of the influenza A virus (IAV) A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) strain. At 7 and 10 days after infection, lung and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) cells were collected to determine the numbers of total CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, and IAV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, using flow cytometry. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also collected to determine IFN-γ levels and total protein concentration. RESULTS Although long-term CS exposure suppressed early pulmonary IAV-antigen specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cell numbers and IFN-γ production in response to IAV infection on day 7 post-infection, CS enhanced numbers of these cells and IFN-γ production on day 10. The changes of total protein concentration in BALF are consistent with the changes in the IFN-γ amounts between day 7 and 10, which suggested that excessive IFN-γ impaired barrier function and caused lung injury at the later stage of infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that prior CS exposure caused a biphasic T cell and IFN-γ response to subsequent infection with influenza in the lung. Specifically, the number of IAV antigen-specific T cells on day 10 was greatly increased by CS exposure even though CS decreased the number of the same group of cells on day 7. The result suggested that CS affected the kinetics of the T cell response to IAV, which was suppressed at an early stage and exaggerated at a later stage. This study is the first to describe the different effect of long-term CS on T cell responses to IAV at early and late stages of infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Lili Tian
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Leland Booth
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Erola Ainsua-Enrich
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Susan Kovats
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Brent R Brown
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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8
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Pays E. The function of apolipoproteins L (APOLs): relevance for kidney disease, neurotransmission disorders, cancer and viral infection. FEBS J 2021; 288:360-381. [PMID: 32530132 PMCID: PMC7891394 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) is the trypanolytic factor of human serum raised interest about the function of APOLs, especially following the unexpected finding that in addition to their protective action against sleeping sickness, APOL1 C-terminal variants also cause kidney disease. Based on the analysis of the structure and trypanolytic activity of APOL1, it was proposed that APOLs could function as ion channels of intracellular membranes and be involved in mechanisms triggering programmed cell death. In this review, the recent finding that APOL1 and APOL3 inversely control the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) by the Golgi PI(4)-kinase IIIB (PI4KB) is commented. APOL3 promotes Ca2+ -dependent activation of PI4KB, but due to their increased interaction with APOL3, APOL1 C-terminal variants can inactivate APOL3, leading to reduction of Golgi PI(4)P synthesis. The impact of APOLs on several pathological processes that depend on Golgi PI(4)P levels is discussed. I propose that through their effect on PI4KB activity, APOLs control not only actomyosin activities related to vesicular trafficking, but also the generation and elongation of autophagosomes induced by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Pays
- Laboratory of Molecular ParasitologyIBMMUniversité Libre de BruxellesGosseliesBelgium
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9
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Khalil A, Poelvoorde P, Fayyad-Kazan M, Rousseau A, Nuyens V, Uzureau S, Biston P, El-Makhour Y, Badran B, Van Antwerpen P, Boudjeltia KZ, Vanhamme L. Apoliporotein L3 interferes with endothelial tube formation via regulation of ERK1/2, FAK and Akt signaling pathway. Atherosclerosis 2018; 279:73-87. [PMID: 30423477 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endothelial cells are main actors in vascular homeostasis as they regulate vascular pressure and permeability as well as hemostasis and inflammation. Disturbed stimuli delivered to and by endothelial cells correlate with the so-called endothelial dysfunction and disrupt this homeostasis. As constituents of the inner layer of blood vessels, endothelial cells are also involved in angiogenesis. Apolipoprotein Ls (APOL) comprise a family of newly discovered apolipoproteins with yet poorly understood function, and are suggested to be involved in inflammatory processes and cell death mechanisms. Here we investigate the role of APOLs in endothelial cells stimulated with factors known to be involved in atherogenesis and their possible contribution to endothelial dysfunction with an emphasis on inflammation driven-angiogenesis in vitro. METHODS Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we analyzed the effect of APOL3 gene knock out in HMEC-1 endothelial cells on cell migration, tubulogenesis, endothelial permeability, intracellular signal transduction as assessed by kinase phosphorylation, and angiogenesis gene expression (measured by qRT-PCR). RESULTS Our results indicate that among the family, APOL3 was the only member induced by myeloperoxidase, oxidized LDL, VEGF and FGF treatments. APOL3 invalidation increased endothelial permeability, reduced wound repair and tubule formation in vitro, the latter only in MPO and VEGF-induced conditions. Accordingly, some pro-angiogenic signaling pathways (ERK1/2 and FAK but not Akt) and some pro-angiogenic genes were partially inhibited in APOL3 knock out cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the involvement of APOL3 in angiogenesis in vitro and as a modulator of MAPK and FAK signaling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Khalil
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Sophie Uzureau
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Patrick Biston
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Yolla El-Makhour
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Tan Y, Gan M, Fan Y, Li L, Zhong Z, Li X, Bai L, Zhao Y, Niu L, Shang Y, Zhang S, Zhu L. miR-10b-5p regulates 3T3-L1 cells differentiation by targeting Apol6. Gene 2018; 687:39-46. [PMID: 30423386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that have been proposed to control or fine-tune complex genetic pathways by post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. It was proved that numerous miRNAs have influence on the biology of adipocytes as well as on the function of adipose tissues. This study shows that miR-10b-5p expression was decreased in mice, rats, and human under obesity. In addition, the obtained results indicated that the expression level of miR-10b-5p was increased in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes without manifesting a significant role in 3T3-L1 cells proliferation. On the other hand, the downregulation of miR-10b-5p by the inhibitor played a role in 3T3-L1 cells differentiation and adipogenesis. Our results strongly suggest that Apol6 was the target gene of miR-10b-5p. The inhibition of miR-10b-5p promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and adipogenesis by upregulating the Apol6 expression. Then, the upregulated Apol6 acted as an oncogene in certain obesity-related cancers. These results indicate that miR-10b-5p may have a therapeutic significance for obesity and obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yishun Shang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Chidiac M, Fayyad-Kazan M, Daher J, Poelvoorde P, Bar I, Maenhaut C, Delrée P, Badran B, Vanhamme L. ApolipoproteinL1 is expressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:631-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Uzureau S, Coquerelle C, Vermeiren C, Uzureau P, Van Acker A, Pilotte L, Monteyne D, Acolty V, Vanhollebeke B, Van den Eynde B, Pérez-Morga D, Moser M, Pays E. Apolipoproteins L control cell death triggered by TLR3/TRIF signaling in dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1854-66. [PMID: 27198486 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins L (ApoLs) are Bcl-2-like proteins expressed under inflammatory conditions in myeloid and endothelial cells. We found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimuli, particularly the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), specifically induce ApoLs7/11 subfamilies in murine CD8α(+) dendritic cells (DCs). This induction requires the TLR3/TRIF (where TRIF is TIR domain containing adapter-inducing interferon β) signaling pathway and is dependent on IFN-β in all ApoLs subfamilies except for ApoL7c. Poly(I:C) treatment of DCs is also associated with induction of both cell death and autophagy. ApoLs expression is related to promotion of DC death by poly(I:C), as ApoLs7/11 knockdown increases DC survival and ApoLs7 are associated with the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL (where Bcl-xL is B-cell lymphoma extra large). Similarly, in human monocyte-derived DCs poly(I:C) induces both cell death and the expression of ApoLs, principally ApoL3. Finally, the BH3-like peptide of ApoLs appears to be involved in the DC death-promoting activity. We would like to propose that ApoLs are involved in cell death linked to activation of DCs by viral stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Uzureau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Caroline Coquerelle
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Corentin Vermeiren
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierrick Uzureau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale, Hôpital Vésale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Annette Van Acker
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Acolty
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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Dummer PD, Limou S, Rosenberg AZ, Heymann J, Nelson G, Winkler CA, Kopp JB. APOL1 Kidney Disease Risk Variants: An Evolving Landscape. Semin Nephrol 2016. [PMID: 26215860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic variants account for much of the excess risk of chronic and end-stage kidney disease, which results in a significant global health disparity for persons of African ancestry. We estimate the lifetime risk of kidney disease in APOL1 dual-risk allele individuals to be at least 15%. Experimental evidence suggests a direct role of APOL1 in pore formation, cellular injury, and programmed cell death in renal injury. The APOL1 BH3 motif, often associated with cell death, is unlikely to play a role in APOL1-induced cytotoxicity because it is not conserved within the APOL family and is dispensable for cell death in vitro. We discuss two models for APOL1 trypanolytic activity: one involving lysosome permeabilization and another involving colloid-osmotic swelling of the cell body, as well as their relevance to human pathophysiology. Experimental evidence from human cell culture models suggests that both mechanisms may be operative. A systems biology approach whereby APOL1-associated perturbations in gene and protein expression in affected individuals are correlated with molecular pathways may be productive to elucidate APOL1 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Dummer
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sophie Limou
- Molecular Epidemiology Genetics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jurgen Heymann
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - George Nelson
- Molecular Epidemiology Genetics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Molecular Epidemiology Genetics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick MD
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Hagen L, Sharma A, Aas PA, Slupphaug G. Off-target responses in the HeLa proteome subsequent to transient plasmid-mediated transfection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:84-90. [PMID: 25448019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient transfection of mammalian cells with plasmid expression vectors and chemical transfection reagents is widely used to study protein transport and dynamics as well as phenotypic alterations mediated by the overexpressed protein. Despite the undisputed impact of this technique, surprisingly little is known about the cellular effects mediated by the transfection process per se. Conceivably, off-target effects could have implications upon proteins or processes being studied and understanding the molecular pathways affected would add value to the interpretation of experimental observations subsequent to cell transfection. Here we have used a SILAC-based proteomic approach to study differentially expressed proteins after transfection of HeLa cells with ECFP vector using a commonly employed non-liposome based transfection reagent, Fugene®HD. Whereas the transfection reagent itself mediated minimal effects upon protein expression, 11 proteins were found to be significantly upregulated after transfection, all of which were associated with an interferon type I/II response. The upregulated proteins might potentially inflict major cellular processes such as RNA splicing, chromatin remodeling, post-translational protein modification and cell cycle control. The results were validated by western analysis as well as quantitative RT-PCR and this demonstrated that an essentially identical response was induced in HeLa by transfection using an empty pUC18 vector, which does not contain a mammalian virus promoter, as well as a liposome-based transfection reagent, Lipofectamine(TM)2000. Notably, no induction of the interferon response was observed in HEK293 cells, suggesting that these cells might be preferable to HeLa to avoid undesired off-target effects in transfection studies encompassing interferon-signaling and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hagen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Arne Aas
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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15
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Nishida Y, Aida K, Kihara M, Kobayashi T. Antibody-validated proteins in inflamed islets of fulminant type 1 diabetes profiled by laser-capture microdissection followed by mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107664. [PMID: 25329145 PMCID: PMC4199548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are no reports of proteomic analyses of inflamed islets in type 1 diabetes. Procedures Proteins expressed in the islets of enterovirus-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1DM) with extensive insulitis were identified by laser-capture microdissection mass spectrometry using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissues. Results Thirty-eight proteins were identified solely in FT1DM islets, most of which have not been previously linked to type 1 diabetes. Five protein-protein interacting clusters were identified, and the cellular localization of selected proteins was validated immunohistochemically. Migratory activity-related proteins, including plastin-2 (LCP1), moesin (MSN), lamin-B1 (LMNB1), Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1) and others, were identified in CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages infiltrated to inflamed FT1DM islets. Proteins involved in successive signaling in innate/adaptive immunity were identified, including SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1), proteasome activator complex subunit 1 (PSME1), HLA class I histocompatibility antigen (HLA-C), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta (STAT1). Angiogenic (thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP)) and anti-angiogenic (tryptophan-tRNA ligase (WARS)) factors were identified in migrating CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. Proteins related to virus replication and cell proliferation, including probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DEAD box helicase 5 (DDX5) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H (HNRNPH1), were identified. The anti-apoptotic protein T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon (CCT5), the anti-oxidative enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PDG), and the anti-viral and anti-apoptotic proteins serpin B6 (SERPINB6) and heat shock 70 kDa protein1-like (HSPA1L), were identified in FT1DM-affected islet cells. Conclusion The identified FT1DM-characterizing proteins include those involved in aggressive beta cell destruction through massive immune cell migration and proteins involved in angiogenesis and islet vasculature bleeding, cell repair, and anti-inflammatory processes. Several target proteins for future type 1 diabetes interventions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Nishida
- Department of Nursing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kihara
- Medical ProteoScope Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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H7N9 and other pathogenic avian influenza viruses elicit a three-pronged transcriptomic signature that is reminiscent of 1918 influenza virus and is associated with lethal outcome in mice. J Virol 2014; 88:10556-68. [PMID: 24991006 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00570-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Modulating the host response is a promising approach to treating influenza, caused by a virus whose pathogenesis is determined in part by the reaction it elicits within the host. Though the pathogenicity of emerging H7N9 influenza virus in several animal models has been reported, these studies have not included a detailed characterization of the host response following infection. Therefore, we characterized the transcriptomic response of BALB/c mice infected with H7N9 (A/Anhui/01/2013) virus and compared it to the responses induced by H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004), H7N7 (A/Netherlands/219/2003), and pandemic 2009 H1N1 (A/Mexico/4482/2009) influenza viruses. We found that responses to the H7 subtype viruses were intermediate to those elicited by H5N1 and pdm09H1N1 early in infection but that they evolved to resemble the H5N1 response as infection progressed. H5N1, H7N7, and H7N9 viruses were pathogenic in mice, and this pathogenicity correlated with increased transcription of cytokine response genes and decreased transcription of lipid metabolism and coagulation signaling genes. This three-pronged transcriptomic signature was observed in mice infected with pathogenic H1N1 strains such as the 1918 virus, indicating that it may be predictive of pathogenicity across multiple influenza virus strains. Finally, we used host transcriptomic profiling to computationally predict drugs that reverse the host response to H7N9 infection, and we identified six FDA-approved drugs that could potentially be repurposed to treat H7N9 and other pathogenic influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Emerging avian influenza viruses are of global concern because the human population is immunologically naive to them. Current influenza drugs target viral molecules, but the high mutation rate of influenza viruses eventually leads to the development of antiviral resistance. As the host evolves far more slowly than the virus, and influenza pathogenesis is determined in part by the host response, targeting the host response is a promising approach to treating influenza. Here we characterize the host transcriptomic response to emerging H7N9 influenza virus and compare it with the responses to H7N7, H5N1, and pdm09H1N1. All three avian viruses were pathogenic in mice and elicited a transcriptomic signature that also occurs in response to the legendary 1918 influenza virus. Our work identifies host responses that could be targeted to treat severe H7N9 influenza and identifies six FDA-approved drugs that could potentially be repurposed as H7N9 influenza therapeutics.
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Pays E, Vanhollebeke B, Uzureau P, Lecordier L, Pérez-Morga D. The molecular arms race between African trypanosomes and humans. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:575-84. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Apolipoprotein L2 contains a BH3-like domain but it does not behave as a BH3-only protein. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1275. [PMID: 24901046 PMCID: PMC4611713 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins of the L family are lipid-binding proteins whose function is largely unknown. Apolipoprotein L1 and apolipoprotein L6 have been recently described as novel pro-death BH3-only proteins that are also capable of regulating autophagy. In an in-silico screening to discover novel putative BH3-only proteins, we identified yet another member of the apolipoprotein L family, apolipoprotein L2 (ApoL2), as a BH3 motif-containing protein. ApoL2 has been suggested to behave as a BH3-only protein and mediate cell death induced by interferon-gamma or viral infection. As previously described, we observed that ApoL2 protein was induced by interferon-gamma. However, knocking down its expression in HeLa cells did not regulate cell death induced by interferon-gamma. Overexpression of ApoL2 did not induce cell death on its own. ApoL2 did not sensitize or protect cells from overexpression of the BH3-only proteins Bmf or Noxa. Furthermore, siRNA against ApoL2 did not alter sensitivity to a variety of death stimuli. We could, however, detect a weak interaction between ApoL2 and Bcl-2 by immunoprecipitation of the former, suggesting a role of ApoL2 in a Bcl-2-regulated process like autophagy. However, in contrast to what has been described about its homologs ApoL1 and ApoL6, ApoL2 did not regulate autophagy. Thus, the role, if any, of ApoL2 in cell death remains to be clarified.
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Hardee J, Ouyang Z, Zhang Y, Kundaje A, Lacroute P, Snyder M. STAT3 targets suggest mechanisms of aggressive tumorigenesis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2013; 3:2173-85. [PMID: 24142927 PMCID: PMC3852380 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.007674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that, when dysregulated, becomes a powerful oncogene found in many human cancers, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and has two major subtypes: germinal center B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like. Compared with the germinal center B-cell-like form, activated B-cell-like lymphomas respond much more poorly to current therapies and often exhibit overexpression or overactivation of STAT3. To investigate how STAT3 might contribute to this aggressive phenotype, we have integrated genome-wide studies of STAT3 DNA binding using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing with whole-transcriptome profiling using RNA-sequencing. STAT3 binding sites are present near almost a third of all genes that differ in expression between the two subtypes, and examination of the affected genes identified previously undetected and clinically significant pathways downstream of STAT3 that drive oncogenesis. Novel treatments aimed at these pathways may increase the survivability of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hardee
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Zhengqing Ouyang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Philippe Lacroute
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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Roscioli E, Hamon R, Ruffin RE, Lester S, Zalewski P. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2 is a critical regulator of apoptosis in airway epithelial cells treated with asthma-related inflammatory cytokines. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00123. [PMID: 24303189 PMCID: PMC3841053 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant apoptosis of airway epithelial cells (AECs) is a disease contributing feature in the airways of asthmatics. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon γ (IFNγ) are increased in asthma and have been shown to contribute to apoptosis at the airways. In the present study, we investigated the role of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family in primary AECs exposed to TNFα and IFNγ. IAPs are potent regulators of caspase activity elicited by the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. However, while caspase-mediated apoptosis was observed in AECs exposed to doxorubicin, it was not observed after cytokine treatment. Instead, AECs exhibited proapoptotic changes evidenced by an increased Bax:Bcl2 transcript ratio and partial processing of procaspase-3. Examination by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western analysis showed that proapoptotic changes were associated with a time- and dose-dependent induction of cellular IAP-2 (cIAP2), potentiated primarily by IFNγ. The abundance of the IAP antagonists X-linked IAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases did not change, although a moderate nuclear redistribution was observed for XAF1, which was also observed for cIAP2. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of cIAP2 from AECs leads to caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, but this required extended cytokine exposure to produce a concomitant decrease in cIAP1 and Bcl2. These results indicate that AECs possess endogenous mechanisms making them highly resistant to apoptosis due to asthma-related inflammatory cytokines, and the activity of cIAP2 plays an important role in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Woodville, South Australia, 5011, Australia
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Mitochondrial proteomic analysis of human host cells infected with H3N2 swine influenza virus. J Proteomics 2013; 91:136-50. [PMID: 23856606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Swine influenza viruses (SIV) are zoonotic pathogens that pose a potential threat to human health. In this study, we analyzed the differential mitochondrial proteomes of H3N2 SIV-infected human lung A549 cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis. In the comparative analysis, 24 altered proteins (13 upregulated and 11 downregulated) were identified in the mitochondria of H3N2 SIV-infected cells; these proteins were involved in cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cellular movement, and post-translational modification. Moreover, the transcriptional profiles of 16 genes corresponding to the identified proteins were estimated by real time RT-PCR. IPA analysis suggested that the differentially expressed proteins were clustered primarily into the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and d-glucose signaling pathways. In addition, oxidative phosphorylation and integrin signaling appeared to be major pathways modulated in the mitochondria of infected cells. We further demonstrated that apolipoprotein L2 was upregulated in the cytoplasm and translocated to mitochondria during virus infection. These results were verified by Western blot analysis coupled with confocal microscopy. Collectively, the mitochondrial proteome data provide insights to further understand the underlying mechanisms of H3N2 SIV cross-species infection. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In recent years, proteomics has emerged as an indispensable tool to unveil the complex molecular events in virology. we firstly perform mitochondrial proteomic profiles of human cells infected with H3N2 subtype SIV to understand virus-host interactions, and 24 differentially expressed proteins in mitochondrial proteomes were identified in SIV-infected cells. The proteins that were identified to have differential expression were involved in cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, post-translational modification, cell morphology, cellular assembly, cell death, and energy production. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and a confocal assay further demonstrated that the cellular protein APOL2 partially co-localized with mitochondria after virus infection. This is a very important discovery in the underlying replication and pathogenesis of SIV which provides a potential target clue for the design of anti-SIV drugs. Our results will inspire basic study on SIV infection and drive the understanding for replication and pathogenesis of SIV to control this disease.
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Chuang KH, Lu CS, Kou YR, Wu YL. Cell cycle regulation by glucosamine in human pulmonary epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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