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Islam A, Shaukat Z, Hussain R, Ricos MG, Dibbens LM, Gregory SL. Aneuploidy is Linked to Neurological Phenotypes Through Oxidative Stress. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:50. [PMID: 38693434 PMCID: PMC11062972 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, having an aberrant genome, is gaining increasing attention in neurodegenerative diseases. It gives rise to proteotoxic stress as well as a stereotypical oxidative shift which makes these cells sensitive to internal and environmental stresses. A growing body of research from numerous laboratories suggests that many neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, are characterised by neuronal aneuploidy and the ensuing apoptosis, which may contribute to neuronal loss. Using Drosophila as a model, we investigated the effect of induced aneuploidy in GABAergic neurons. We found an increased proportion of aneuploidy due to Mad2 depletion in the third-instar larval brain and increased cell death. Depletion of Mad2 in GABAergic neurons also gave a defective climbing and seizure phenotype. Feeding animals an antioxidant rescued the climbing and seizure phenotype. These findings suggest that increased aneuploidy leads to higher oxidative stress in GABAergic neurons which causes cell death, climbing defects, and seizure phenotype. Antioxidant feeding represents a potential therapy to reduce the aneuploidy-driven neurological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Group, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- Epilepsy Research Group, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Epilepsy Research Group, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael G Ricos
- Epilepsy Research Group, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Leanne M Dibbens
- Epilepsy Research Group, Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Stephen L Gregory
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia.
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2
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Mattiello L, Soliman Abdel Rehim S, Manic G, Vitale I. Assessment of cell cycle progression and mitotic slippage by videomicroscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:43-58. [PMID: 38302243 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is activated in response to a variety of damaging stimuli, including genotoxic therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitotic stress also promotes entry into senescence. This occurs via a mechanism involving defective mitoses and mitotic arrest, followed by abortion of cell division and slippage in the G1 phase. In this process, mitotic slippage leads to the generation of senescent cells characterized by a large cell body and a multinucleated and/or enlarged nuclear size. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the assessment of cell proliferation and mitotic slippage in colorectal cancer cells upon pharmacological inhibition of the mitotic kinesin KIF11, best known as EG5. This approach can be used for preliminary characterization of senescence induction by therapeutics, but requires validation with standard senescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mattiello
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sara Soliman Abdel Rehim
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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3
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Inhibition of MAD2L1 Mediates Pulmonary Fibrosis through Impairment of Mitochondrial Function and Induction of Cell Senescence. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:9663354. [PMID: 36247080 PMCID: PMC9553670 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9663354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible, and progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by recurrent alveolar epithelial cell injury, fibroblast hyperproliferation, and cumulative deposition of extracellular matrix leading to alveolar destruction in the lungs. Mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1) is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at metaphase and is a potential therapeutic target in cancers. However, the role of MAD2L1 in pulmonary fibrosis has not been explored. We analyzed the expression of MAD2L1 in lung tissues from control subjects, IPF patients, and mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis via IHC, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. We examined the roles of MAD2L1 in ROS production, mitochondrial function, cell senescence, and the establishment of a profibrotic microenvironment. We found that MAD2L1 was highly upregulated in alveolar epithelial cells in fibrotic lung tissues from both patients with IPF and mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Loss of MAD2L1 expression or activity led to decreases of cell viability and proliferation in A549 cells. Subsequent mechanistic investigation demonstrated that inhibition of MAD2L1 damaged mitochondria, which led to augmented ROS production and cellular senescence, and thus promoted the establishment of a profibrotic microenvironment. Taken together, these results reveal that alleviation of alveolar epithelial cell mitochondrial damage arising from augmentation of MAD2L1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating pulmonary fibrosis.
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4
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Vasudevan A, Schukken KM, Sausville EL, Girish V, Adebambo OA, Sheltzer JM. Aneuploidy as a promoter and suppressor of malignant growth. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:89-103. [PMID: 33432169 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy has been recognized as a hallmark of tumorigenesis for more than 100 years, but the connection between chromosomal errors and malignant growth has remained obscure. New evidence emerging from both basic and clinical research has illuminated a complicated relationship: despite its frequency in human tumours, aneuploidy is not a universal driver of cancer development and instead can exert substantial tumour-suppressive effects. The specific consequences of aneuploidy are highly context dependent and are influenced by a cell's genetic and environmental milieu. In this Review, we discuss the diverse facets of cancer biology that are shaped by aneuploidy, including metastasis, drug resistance and immune recognition, and we highlight aneuploidy's distinct roles as both a tumour promoter and an anticancer vulnerability.
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Zhou L, Jilderda LJ, Foijer F. Exploiting aneuploidy-imposed stresses and coping mechanisms to battle cancer. Open Biol 2020; 10:200148. [PMID: 32873156 PMCID: PMC7536071 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, an irregular number of chromosomes in cells, is a hallmark feature of cancer. Aneuploidy results from chromosomal instability (CIN) and occurs in almost 90% of all tumours. While many cancers display an ongoing CIN phenotype, cells can also be aneuploid without displaying CIN. CIN drives tumour evolution as ongoing chromosomal missegregation will yield a progeny of cells with variable aneuploid karyotypes. The resulting aneuploidy is initially toxic to cells because it leads to proteotoxic and metabolic stress, cell cycle arrest, cell death, immune cell activation and further genomic instability. In order to overcome these aneuploidy-imposed stresses and adopt a malignant fate, aneuploid cancer cells must develop aneuploidy-tolerating mechanisms to cope with CIN. Aneuploidy-coping mechanisms can thus be considered as promising therapeutic targets. However, before such therapies can make it into the clinic, we first need to better understand the molecular mechanisms that are activated upon aneuploidization and the coping mechanisms that are selected for in aneuploid cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the key biological responses to aneuploidization, some of the recently uncovered aneuploidy-coping mechanisms and some strategies to exploit these in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Cilluffo D, Barra V, Di Leonardo A. P14 ARF: The Absence that Makes the Difference. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070824. [PMID: 32698529 PMCID: PMC7397060 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
P14ARF is a tumor suppressor encoded by the CDKN2a locus that is frequently inactivated in human tumors. P14ARF protein quenches oncogene stimuli by inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. P14ARF functions can be played through interactions with several proteins. However, the majority of its activities are notoriously mediated by the p53 protein. Interestingly, recent studies suggest a new role of p14ARF in the maintenance of chromosome stability. Here, we deepened this new facet of p14ARF which we believe is relevant to its tumor suppressive role in the cell. To this aim, we generated a monoclonal HCT116 cell line expressing the p14ARF cDNA cloned in the piggyback vector and then induced aneuploidy by treating HCT116 cells with the CENP-E inhibitor GSK923295. P14ARF ectopic re-expression restored the near-diploid phenotype of HCT116 cells, confirming that p14ARF counteracts aneuploid cell generation/proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cilluffo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (V.B.)
- Centro di Oncobiologia Sperimentale (C.O.B.S.) via San Lorenzo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123897340
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Yu KW, She ZY, Wei YL, Zhong N. Kinesin-7 CENP-E regulates cell division, gastrulation and organogenesis in development. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151107. [PMID: 32800279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-7 CENP-E motor protein is essential for chromosome alignment and kinetochore-microtubule attachment in cell division. Human CENP-E has recently identified to be linked with the microcephalic primordial dwarfism syndromes associated with a smaller head, brain malformations and a prominent nose. However, the roles of CENP-E in embryonic development remain largely unknown. In this study, we find that zebrafish CENP-E inhibition results in defects in early zygote cleavage, including asymmetric cell division, cell cycle arrest and the developmental abnormalities. We also demonstrate that CENP-E ablation in cultured cells leads to chromosome misalignment, spindle abnormalities and interruptions of the cell cycle. These observations suggest that CENP-E plays a key role in early cell division and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, we also find that CENP-E inhibition results in the defects in the epiboly, the developmental arrest, the smaller head and the abnormal embryo during zebrafish embryogenesis. Our data demonstrate new functions of CENP-E in development and provide insights into its essential roles in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350011, China; Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
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8
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Cilluffo D, Barra V, Spatafora S, Coronnello C, Contino F, Bivona S, Feo S, Di Leonardo A. Aneuploid IMR90 cells induced by depletion of pRB, DNMT1 and MAD2 show a common gene expression signature. Genomics 2020; 112:2541-2549. [PMID: 32057913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation defects lead to aneuploidy which is a major feature of solid tumors. How diploid cells face chromosome mis-segregation and how aneuploidy is tolerated in tumor cells are not completely defined yet. Thus, an important goal of cancer genetics is to identify gene networks that underlie aneuploidy and are involved in its tolerance. To this aim, we induced aneuploidy in IMR90 human primary cells by depleting pRB, DNMT1 and MAD2 and analyzed their gene expression profiles by microarray analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a common gene expression profile of IMR90 cells that became aneuploid. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) also revealed gene-sets/pathways that are shared by aneuploid IMR90 cells that may be exploited for novel therapeutic approaches in cancer. Furthermore, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis identified TOP2A and KIF4A as hub genes that may be important for aneuploidy establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cilluffo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Spatafora
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Contino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Bivona
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technology Network Center (ATEN), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technology Network Center (ATEN), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Italy; Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), Palermo, Italy.
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9
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Bates M, Furlong F, Gallagher MF, Spillane CD, McCann A, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Too MAD or not MAD enough: The duplicitous role of the spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2 in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Wang F, He J, Du J, Zhang H, Shi H, Chen Y, Wei Y, Xue W, Yan J, Feng Y, Gao Y, Li D, Han J, Zhang J. miR-30a-3p Targets MAD2L1 and Regulates Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11313-11324. [PMID: 31908496 PMCID: PMC6927793 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was done to investigate the inhibition effects of miR-30a-3p on mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1) expression and the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Patients and methods Cluster analysis and the TCGA database were used to screen the key genes highly expressed in gastric cancer. Based on the LinkedOmics website, the correlation between the miR-30a-3p and the cell cycle-related target gene MAD2L1 in gastric cancer was analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected with the quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The cell proliferation and cell cycle were also detected and analyzed. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that MAD2L1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Compared with normal tissues, the miR-30a-3p was significantly decreased in the gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, MAD2L1 was significantly negatively correlated with the miR-30a-3p expression. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-30a-3p decreased the expression of MAD2L1 at the protein level, which inhibited the proliferation of AGS and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. In addition, the cell cycles of AGS and BGC-823 cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Conclusion MAD2L1 is a pro-oncogene which is up-regulated in gastric cancer. The miR-30a-3p can down-regulate the MAD2L1 expression, inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and affect the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yameng Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjuan Xue
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Brás R, Sunkel CE, Resende LP. Tissue stem cells: the new actors in the aneuploidy field. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1813-1823. [PMID: 31242809 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1635867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms and the maintenance of its tissues relies on mitosis. However, this process represents a major challenge for genomic stability as each time a cell division occurs there are multiple steps where errors can lead to an abnormal chromosomal content in daughter cells - aneuploidy. Aneuploidy was first postulated to act as a tumour promoting agent over one century ago. Since then, we have learned to appreciate the complexity involving the cellular responses to aneuploidy and to value the importance of models where aneuploidy is induced in vivo and in a cell-type specific manner. Recent data suggests that stem cells evolved a distinct response to aneuploidy, being able to survive and proliferate as aneuploid. Since stem cells are the main cells responsible for tissue renewal, it is of the utmost importance to place the spotlight on stem cells within the aneuploidy field. Here, we briefly review some of the biological mechanisms implicated in aneuploidy, the relationship between aneuploidy and tissue pathologies, and summarize the most recent findings in Drosophila on how tissue stem cells respond to aneuploidy. Once we understand how stem cell behavior is impacted by aneuploidy, we might be able to better describe the complicated link between aneuploidy and tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Brás
- a Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Claudio E Sunkel
- a Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Resende
- a Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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12
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Veneziano L, Barra V, Cilluffo D, Di Leonardo A. Proliferation of aneuploid cells induced by CENP-E depletion is counteracted by the p14 ARF tumor suppressor. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:149-158. [PMID: 30264192 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of chromosomes segregation. Reduced expression of some of its components weakens the SAC and induces chromosome instability and aneuploidy, which are both well-known hallmarks of cancer cells. Centromere protein-E (CENP-E) is a crucial component of the SAC and its function is to facilitate kinetochore microtubule attachment required to achieve and maintain chromosome alignment. The present study investigates the possible role of p14ARF as a controller of aneuploid cells proliferation. We used RNA interference to induce aneuploidy by partial depletion of CENP-E in human primary fibroblasts (IMR90) and in near diploid tumor cells (HCT116). In contrast to IMR90 aneuploid cell number, which was drastically reduced and leaned towards the WT condition, HCT116 aneuploid cell numbers were slightly decreased at later time points. This euploidy restoration was accompanied by increased p14ARF expression in IMR90 cells and followed ectopic p14ARF re-expression in p14ARF-null HCT116 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that hampering proliferation of aneuploid cells could be an additional role of the p14ARF tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Veneziano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8200, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Danilo Cilluffo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, Lourenco N, Bakari M, Capron C, Emile JF. CDKN2A Depletion Causes Aneuploidy and Enhances Cell Proliferation in Non-Immortalized Normal Human Cells. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:338-348. [PMID: 30136875 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1491588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a common feature of cancer cells and may contribute to cellular transformation and cancer development. In this study, we found that significant down-regulation of CDKN2A, CHEK2, CDCA8, TP53BP1, and CCNDBP1 led to chromosome imbalances in two diploid non-immortalized human cell lines; however, only CDKN2A inhibition enhanced cell proliferation and additionally up-regulated three cell cycle control genes: CDCA8, AURKA, and CCND. These results confirm that CDKN2A is a tumor suppressor gene driving human cancer development by inducing cell aneuploidy and cell cycle up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Hélias-Rodzewicz
- a EA4340, UVSQ , Boulogne-Billancourt , France.,b Service de Pathologie, CHU Ambroise Paré , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
| | - Nelson Lourenco
- a EA4340, UVSQ , Boulogne-Billancourt , France.,c Service de Gastroenterologie, Hopital St Louis, APHP , Paris, France
| | | | - Claude Capron
- a EA4340, UVSQ , Boulogne-Billancourt , France.,d Service de Hématologie-Immunologie, CHU Ambroise Paré , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- a EA4340, UVSQ , Boulogne-Billancourt , France.,b Service de Pathologie, CHU Ambroise Paré , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
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14
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Wei W, Ji S. Cellular senescence: Molecular mechanisms and pathogenicity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9121-9135. [PMID: 30078211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the arrest of normal cell division. Oncogenic genes and oxidative stress, which cause genomic DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species, lead to cellular senescence. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is a distinct feature of senescence. Senescence is normally involved in the embryonic development. Senescent cells can communicate with immune cells to invoke an immune response. Senescence emerges during the aging process in several tissues and organs. In fact, increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is implicated in aging-related diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, and tumorigenesis. Cellular senescence can also be induced by microbial infection. During cellular senescence, several signaling pathways, including those of p53, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin, and transforming growth factor-beta, play important roles. Accumulation of senescent cells can trigger chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the pathological changes in the elderly. Given the variety of deleterious effects caused by cellular senescence in humans, strategies have been proposed to control senescence. In this review, we will focus on recent studies to provide a brief introduction to cellular senescence, including associated signaling pathways and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wei
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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15
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Tambe M, Pruikkonen S, Mäki-Jouppila J, Chen P, Elgaaen BV, Straume AH, Huhtinen K, Cárpen O, Lønning PE, Davidson B, Hautaniemi S, Kallio MJ. Novel Mad2-targeting miR-493-3p controls mitotic fidelity and cancer cells' sensitivity to paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12267-85. [PMID: 26943585 PMCID: PMC4914283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways that contribute to the proliferation and drug response of cancer cells are highly complex and currently insufficiently characterized. We have identified a previously unknown microRNA-based mechanism that provides cancer cells means to stimulate tumorigenesis via increased genomic instability and, at the same time, evade the action of clinically utilized microtubule drugs. We demonstrate miR-493-3p to be a novel negative regulator of mitotic arrest deficient-2 (MAD2), an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint that monitors the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The microRNA targets the 3′ UTR of Mad2 mRNA thereby preventing translation of the Mad2 protein. In cancer cells, overexpression of miR-493-3p induced a premature mitotic exit that led to increased frequency of aneuploidy and cellular senescence in the progeny cells. Importantly, excess of the miR-493-3p conferred resistance of cancer cells to microtubule drugs. In human neoplasms, miR-493-3p and Mad2 expression alterations correlated with advanced ovarian cancer forms and high miR-493-3p levels were associated with reduced survival of ovarian and breast cancer patients with aggressive tumors, especially in the paclitaxel therapy arm. Our results suggest that intratumoral profiling of miR-493-3p and Mad2 levels can have diagnostic value in predicting the efficacy of taxane chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Tambe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery, Finland
| | - Sofia Pruikkonen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Mäki-Jouppila
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery, Finland
| | - Ping Chen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bente Vilming Elgaaen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hege Straume
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Clinical Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Cárpen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Auria Biobank, Turku, Finland
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Clinical Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko J Kallio
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Shrestha D, Kim N, Song K. Stathmin/Op18 depletion induces genomic instability and leads to premature senescence in human normal fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2381-2395. [PMID: 28885720 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stathmin/oncoprotein18 regulates microtubule dynamics and participates in mitotic entry and exit. We isolated stathmin as a physically interacting partner of KIFC1, a minus-end-directed kinesin functioning in bipolar spindle formation and maintenance. We found that stathmin depletion leads to multipolar spindle formation in IMR-90 normal human fibroblasts. Stathmin-depleted IMR-90 cells showed early mitotic delay but managed to undergo chromosome segregation by forming multiple poles or pseudo-bipoles. Consistent with these observations, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei were elevated in stathmin-depleted IMR-90 cells, demonstrating that stathmin is essential for maintaining genomic stability during mitosis in human cells. Genomic instability induced by stathmin depletion led to premature senescence without any indication of cell death in normal IMR-90 cells. Double knock-down of both stathmin and p53 also did not induce cell death in IMR-90 cells, while the stathmin knock-down triggered apoptosis in p53-proficient human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our results suggest that stathmin is essential in bipolar spindle formation to maintain genomic stability during mitosis, and the depletion of stathmin prevents the initiation of chromosome instability by inducing senescence in human normal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Sheltzer JM, Ko JH, Replogle JM, Habibe Burgos NC, Chung ES, Meehl CM, Sayles NM, Passerini V, Storchova Z, Amon A. Single-chromosome Gains Commonly Function as Tumor Suppressors. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:240-255. [PMID: 28089890 PMCID: PMC5713901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer, although its effects on tumorigenesis are unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between aneuploidy and cancer development using cells engineered to harbor single extra chromosomes. We found that nearly all trisomic cell lines grew poorly in vitro and as xenografts, relative to genetically matched euploid cells. Moreover, the activation of several oncogenic pathways failed to alleviate the fitness defect induced by aneuploidy. However, following prolonged growth, trisomic cells acquired additional chromosomal alterations that were largely absent from their euploid counterparts and that correlated with improved fitness. Thus, while single-chromosome gains can suppress transformation, the genome-destabilizing effects of aneuploidy confer an evolutionary flexibility that may contribute to the aggressive growth of advanced malignancies with complex karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Julie H Ko
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John M Replogle
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicole C Habibe Burgos
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erica S Chung
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Colleen M Meehl
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicole M Sayles
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Verena Passerini
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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18
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Andriani GA, Vijg J, Montagna C. Mechanisms and consequences of aneuploidy and chromosome instability in the aging brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:19-36. [PMID: 27013377 PMCID: PMC5490080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy and polyploidy are a form of Genomic Instability (GIN) known as Chromosomal Instability (CIN) characterized by sporadic abnormalities in chromosome copy numbers. Aneuploidy is commonly linked to pathological states. It is a hallmark of spontaneous abortions and birth defects and it is observed virtually in every human tumor, therefore being generally regarded as detrimental for the development or the maturation of tissues under physiological conditions. Polyploidy however, occurs as part of normal physiological processes during maturation and differentiation of some mammalian cell types. Surprisingly, high levels of aneuploidy are present in the brain, and their frequency increases with age suggesting that the brain is able to maintain its functionality in the presence of high levels of mosaic aneuploidy. Because somatic aneuploidy with age can reach exceptionally high levels, it is likely to have long-term adverse effects in this organ. We describe the mechanisms accountable for an abnormal DNA content with a particular emphasis on the CNS where cell division is limited. Next, we briefly summarize the types of GIN known to date and discuss how they interconnect with CIN. Lastly we highlight how several forms of CIN may contribute to genetic variation, tissue degeneration and disease in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasiella A Andriani
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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19
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Park J, Lee H, Lee HJ, Kim GC, Kim DY, Han S, Song K. Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Efficiently Promotes the Proliferation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells by Activating NO-Response Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39298. [PMID: 27991548 PMCID: PMC5171835 DOI: 10.1038/srep39298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) is defined as a partially ionized gas with electrically charged particles at atmospheric pressure. Our study showed that exposure to NTAPP generated in a helium-based dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device increased the proliferation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) by 1.57-fold on an average, compared with untreated cells at 72 h after initial NTAPP exposure. NTAPP-exposed ASCs maintained their stemness, capability to differentiate into adipocytes but did not show cellular senescence. Therefore, we suggested that NTAPP can be used to increase the proliferation of ASCs without affecting their stem cell properties. When ASCs were exposed to NTAPP in the presence of a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, the proliferation-enhancing effect of NTAPP was not obvious. Meanwhile, the proliferation of NTAPP-exposed ASCs was not much changed in the presence of scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, Akt, ERK1/2, and NF-κB were activated in ASCs after NTAPP exposure. These results demonstrated that NO rather than ROS is responsible for the enhanced proliferation of ASCs following NTAPP exposure. Taken together, this study suggests that NTAPP would be an efficient tool for use in the medical application of ASCs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyeon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
| | - Hae June Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
| | - Gyoo Cheon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungbum Han
- Batang Plastic Surgery Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06120, Korea
| | - Kiwon Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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20
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Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the persistent inability of a cell to faithfully segregate its genome, is a feature of many cancer cells. It stands to reason that CIN enables the acquisition of multiple cancer hallmarks; however, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that CIN impairs cellular fitness and prevents neoplastic transformation. Here, we suggest a new perspective to reconcile this apparent paradox and share an unexpected link between aneuploidy and aging that was discovered through attempts to investigate the CIN-cancer relationship. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the function and regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates high-fidelity chromosome segregation, and describe the mechanisms that lead to whole-chromosome gain or loss. With this review, we aim to expand our understanding of the role of CIN in cancer and aging with the long-term objective of harnessing this information for the advancement of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905;
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21
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Andriani GA, Almeida VP, Faggioli F, Mauro M, Tsai WL, Santambrogio L, Maslov A, Gadina M, Campisi J, Vijg J, Montagna C. Whole Chromosome Instability induces senescence and promotes SASP. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35218. [PMID: 27731420 PMCID: PMC5059742 DOI: 10.1038/srep35218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related accumulation of ploidy changes is associated with decreased expression of genes controlling chromosome segregation and cohesin functions. To determine the consequences of whole chromosome instability (W-CIN) we down-regulated the spindle assembly checkpoint component BUB1 and the mitotic cohesin SMC1A, and used four-color-interphase-FISH coupled with BrdU incorporation and analyses of senescence features to reveal the fate of W-CIN cells. We observed significant correlations between levels of not-diploid cells and senescence-associated features (SAFs). W-CIN induced DNA double strand breaks and elevated oxidative stress, but caused low apoptosis. SAFs of W-CIN cells were remarkably similar to those induced by replicative senescence but occurred in only 13 days versus 4 months. Cultures enriched with not-diploid cells acquired a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by IL1B, CXCL8, CCL2, TNF, CCL27 and other pro-inflammatory factors including a novel SASP component CLEC11A. These findings suggest that W-CIN triggers premature senescence, presumably to prevent the propagation of cells with an abnormal DNA content. Cells deviating from diploidy have the ability to communicate with their microenvironment by secretion of an array of signaling factors. Our results suggest that aneuploid cells that accumulate during aging in some mammalian tissues potentially contribute to age-related pathologies and inflammation through SASP secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinnycius Pereira Almeida
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Francesca Faggioli
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Maurizio Mauro
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Wanxia Li Tsai
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alexander Maslov
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, California, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States.,Obstetrics &Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States.,Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
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22
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Andriani GA, Faggioli F, Baker D, Dollé MET, Sellers RS, Hébert JM, Van Steeg H, Hoeijmakers J, Vijg J, Montagna C. Whole chromosome aneuploidy in the brain of Bub1bH/H and Ercc1-/Δ7 mice. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:755-65. [PMID: 26681803 PMCID: PMC4743693 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of aneuploidy have been observed in disease-free tissues, including post-mitotic tissues such as the brain. Using a quantitative interphase-fluorescence in situ hybridization approach, we previously reported a chromosome-specific, age-related increase in aneuploidy in the mouse cerebral cortex. Increased aneuploidy has been associated with defects in DNA repair and the spindle assembly checkpoint, which in turn can lead to premature aging. Here, we quantified the frequency of aneuploidy of three autosomes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of adult and developing brain of Bub1b(H/H) mice, which have a faulty mitotic checkpoint, and Ercc1(-/Δ7) mice, defective in nucleotide excision repair and inter-strand cross-link repair. Surprisingly, the level of aneuploidy in the brain of these murine models of accelerated aging remains as low as in the young adult brains from control animals, i.e. <1% in the cerebral cortex and ∼0.1% in the cerebellum. Therefore, based on aneuploidy, these adult mice with reduced life span and accelerated progeroid features are indistinguishable from age-matched, normal controls. Yet, during embryonic development, we found that Bub1b(H/H), but not Ercc1(-/Δ7) mice, have a significantly higher frequency of aneuploid nuclei relative to wild-type controls in the cerebral cortex, reaching a frequency as high as 40.3% for each chromosome tested. Aneuploid cells in these mutant mice are likely eliminated early in development through apoptosis and/or immune-mediated clearance mechanisms, which would explain the low levels of aneuploidy during adulthood in the cerebral cortex of Bub1b(H/H) mice. These results shed light on the mechanisms of removal of aneuploidy cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darren Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands and
| | | | - Jean M Hébert
- Department of Genetics, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience
| | - Harry Van Steeg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands and
| | - Jan Hoeijmakers
- MGC Department of Genetics, CBG Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Department Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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23
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Veneziano L, Barra V, Lentini L, Spatafora S, Di Leonardo A. p14ARFPrevents Proliferation of Aneuploid Cells by Inducing p53-Dependent Apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:336-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Veneziano
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Laura Lentini
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Sergio Spatafora
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
- Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS) via San Lorenzo Colli; Palermo Italy
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24
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Meena JK, Cerutti A, Beichler C, Morita Y, Bruhn C, Kumar M, Kraus JM, Speicher MR, Wang ZQ, Kestler HA, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Günes C, Rudolph KL. Telomerase abrogates aneuploidy-induced telomere replication stress, senescence and cell depletion. EMBO J 2015; 34:1371-84. [PMID: 25820263 PMCID: PMC4491997 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal role of aneuploidy in cancer initiation remains under debate since mutations of euploidy-controlling genes reduce cell fitness but aneuploidy strongly associates with human cancers. Telomerase activation allows immortal growth by stabilizing telomere length, but its role in aneuploidy survival has not been characterized. Here, we analyze the response of primary human cells and murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to aneuploidy induction and the role of telomeres and the telomerase in this process. The study shows that aneuploidy induces replication stress at telomeres leading to telomeric DNA damage and p53 activation. This results in p53/Rb-dependent, premature senescence of human fibroblast, and in the depletion of hematopoietic cells in telomerase-deficient mice. Endogenous telomerase expression in HSCs and enforced expression of telomerase in human fibroblasts are sufficient to abrogate aneuploidy-induced replication stress at telomeres and the consequent induction of premature senescence and hematopoietic cell depletion. Together, these results identify telomerase as an aneuploidy survival factor in mammalian cells based on its capacity to alleviate telomere replication stress in response to aneuploidy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Meena
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Aurora Cerutti
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher Bruhn
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Medical Systems Biology Unit, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany Medical Systems Biology Unit, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
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25
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Lentini L, Piscitello D, Veneziano L, Di Leonardo A. Simultaneous reduction of MAD2 and BUBR1 expression induces mitotic spindle alterations associated with p53 dependent cell cycle arrest and death. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:933-41. [PMID: 24687487 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most human tumors are characterized by aneuploidy that is believed to be the consequence of chromosomal instability (CIN). The mechanism(s) leading to aneuploidy and the pathways that allow its tolerance are not completely understood. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism working during mitosis, and alterations of genes that encode components of the SAC weakening the mitotic checkpoint, induce aneuploidy by chromosome mis-segregation. We induced aneuploidy in near-diploid tumor cells by simultaneous depletion of the SAC proteins MAD2 and BUBR1 by RNA interference in the attempt to gain further insight on the cellular responses to aneuploidy. Individual reduction of MAD2 and BUBR1 protein levels caused defective mitosis and aneuploidy, while co-depletion of MAD2 and BUBR1 caused cell cycle arrest and cell death in addition to aneuploidy. The simultaneous reduction of the two SAC proteins induced high percentage of hyperdiploid cells and p53 stabilization suggesting that hyperdiploidy could activate a p53 controlled pathway. The results indicate that p53 is required to induce cell cycle arrest and cell death when the mitotic checkpoint is strongly perturbed, thereby preventing aneuploid cell propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lentini
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, 90128, Italy
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Lentini L, Melfi R, Di Leonardo A, Spinello A, Barone G, Pace A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Pibiri I. Toward a rationale for the PTC124 (Ataluren) promoted readthrough of premature stop codons: a computational approach and GFP-reporter cell-based assay. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:653-64. [PMID: 24483936 PMCID: PMC4167060 DOI: 10.1021/mp400230s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence in the mRNA of premature stop codons (PTCs) results in protein truncation responsible for several inherited (genetic) diseases. A well-known example of these diseases is cystic fibrosis (CF), where approximately 10% (worldwide) of patients have nonsense mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. PTC124 (3-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid), also known as Ataluren, is a small molecule that has been suggested to allow PTC readthrough even though its target has yet to be identified. In the lack of a general consensus about its mechanism of action, we experimentally tested the ability of PTC124 to promote the readthrough of premature termination codons by using a new reporter. The reporter vector was based on a plasmid harboring the H2B histone coding sequence fused in frame with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA, and a TGA stop codon was introduced in the H2B-GFP gene by site-directed mutagenesis. Additionally, an unprecedented computational study on the putative supramolecular interaction between PTC124 and an 11-codon (33-nucleotides) sequence corresponding to a CFTR mRNA fragment containing a central UGA nonsense mutation showed a specific interaction between PTC124 and the UGA codon. Altogether, the H2B-GFP-opal based assay and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation support the hypothesis that PTC124 is able to promote the specific readthrough of internal TGA premature stop codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lentini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Melfi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Centro di OncoBiologia
Sperimentale (COBS), via San Lorenzo
Colli, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Spinello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto EuroMediterraneo
di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Via
Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto EuroMediterraneo
di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Via
Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ivana Pibiri
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Li L, Xu DB, Zhao XL, Hao TY. Combination analysis of Bub1 and Mad2 expression in endometrial cancer: act as a prognostic factor in endometrial cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:155-65. [PMID: 23334889 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Bub1 and Mad2 together in endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three patients with endometrial cancer, including EECs and NEECs, were examined statistically. Bub1 and Mad2 in patient tissues were detected by indirect streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. RESULTS 39 cases (61.9 %) were in clinical stage I, 17 cases (27 %) in stage II, 5 (7.9 %) in stage III and 2 cases (3.2 %) in stage IV. Bub1 positive and Mad2 positive rate were identified in 18 and 54 patients. The lower positive of Bub1 and higher positive rate of Mad2 were related to clinical stage and histological grade of endometrial cancer (P = 0.009, 0.002, respectively), especially in NEECs. The expression of Bub1 was negatively correlated with Mad2 and Mtp53 (both P < 0.05). The expression of Mad2 with Mtp53 was positively correlated (P < 0.05). Statistically significant difference between Bub1/Mad2 expression and survival was discovered in endometrial cancer. Specificity and sensitivity of combination between Bub1 negative and Mad2 positive cases were higher than those alone in NEEC subtype. Bub1 and Mad2 are associated with histological differentiation, clinical stage and decreased postoperative survival in endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS The combination analysis of Bub1 and Mad2 might be the valuable prognostic, even diagnostic clinicopathologic factor which can be applicable in routine examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hosipital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
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Kim N, Song K. KIFC1 is essential for bipolar spindle formation and genomic stability in the primary human fibroblast IMR-90 cell. Cell Struct Funct 2013; 38:21-30. [PMID: 23318213 DOI: 10.1247/csf.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) is the only member of the minus-end-directed kinesin-14 family in human cells. In cancer cells, KIFC1 plays an essential role in bipolar spindle formation by clustering the multiple poles during mitosis. However, it has not been clearly demonstrated whether KIFC1 also functions to mediate bipolar spindle formation and to maintain genomic stability in normal cells. In this study, by using human primary lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells, we showed that KIFC1 knock-down with lentiviral KIFC1 shRNA induced 17% of cells with multiple microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) and delayed cyclin A degradation for more than 2 hr in early mitosis. However, these cells eventually carried out mitosis, resulting in 24% of cells with lagging chromosomes and 9% of cells with micronuclei after mitosis. Karyotyping of KIFC1-depleted IMR-90 cells demonstrated that cells with various abnormal numbers of chromosomes are produced. When IMR-90 cells treated with KIFC1 or the control shRNA for 60 hr were compared, 20% less cells were observed in KIFC1-depleted cells without an obvious immediate cell death. As reported for Mad2 depletion in IMR-90 cells, KIFC1-depleted IMR-90 cells showed typical features of senescence, like senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase expression, when incubated 6 days or more. However, IMR-90 cells knocked down with both KIFC1 and Mad2 underwent apoptosis, suggesting that KIFC1 and Mad2 likely function in different pathways during mitosis. Taken together, we suggest that KIFC1 plays an essential role for bipolar MTOC formation and maintaining chromosomal stability in the mitosis of human primary fibroblast IMR-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Centrosome aberrations associated with cellular senescence and p53 localization at supernumerary centrosomes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:217594. [PMID: 23091651 PMCID: PMC3471474 DOI: 10.1155/2012/217594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome overduplication or amplification has been observed in many human cancers and in premalignant tissue, but the mechanisms leading to such centrosome aberrations are not fully understood. We previously showed that abnormal mitotic cells with supernumerary centrosomes increase with replicative senescence in human fibroblasts, especially in a polyploid subpopulation. This study examines localization of p53 protein at centrosomes in mitotic cells, which is often observed in association with DNA damage response, to investigate a possible association between p53 localization and numerical centrosome aberrations induced by cellular senescence. Cultures at later passages or the 4th day after exposure to H(2)O(2) showed increased frequencies of mitotic cells with supernumerary centrosomes, especially in a polyploid subpopulation. Immunohistochemical analysis frequently showed p53-positive foci in mitotic cells, and some were localized at centrosomes. The number of p53-positive foci in mitotic cells and its localization to centrosomes increased with replicative and premature senescence. Supernumerary centrosomes showed higher frequencies of p53 localization compared to normally duplicated centrosomes. Centrosome-associated p53 protein was phosphorylated at Ser15. These data suggest a possible association between localization of p53 protein and numerical centrosome aberrations in replicatively or prematurely senescent cells.
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Babbio F, Castiglioni I, Cassina C, Gariboldi MB, Pistore C, Magnani E, Badaracco G, Monti E, Bonapace IM. Knock-down of methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) causes alterations in cell proliferation and nuclear lamins expression in mammalian cells. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:19. [PMID: 22783988 PMCID: PMC3477090 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MeCP2 (CpG-binding protein 2) is a nuclear multifunctional protein involved in several cellular processes, like large-scale chromatin reorganization and architecture, and transcriptional regulation. In recent years, a non-neuronal role for MeCP2 has emerged in cell growth and proliferation. Mutations in the MeCP2 gene have been reported to determine growth disadvantages in cultured lymphocyte cells, and its functional ablation suppresses cell growth in glial cells and proliferation in mesenchymal stem cells and prostate cancer cells. MeCP2 interacts with lamin B receptor (LBR) and with Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) at the nuclear envelope (NE), suggesting that it could be part of complexes involved in attracting heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery and in mediating gene silencing. The nuclear lamins, major components of the lamina, have a role in maintaining NE integrity, in orchestrating mitosis, in DNA replication and transcription, in regulation of mitosis and apoptosis and in providing anchoring sites for chromatin domains.In this work, we inferred that MeCP2 might have a role in nuclear envelope stability, thereby affecting the proliferation pattern of highly proliferating systems. RESULTS By performing knock-down (KD) of MeCP2 in normal murine (NIH-3 T3) and in human prostate transformed cells (PC-3 and LNCaP), we observed a strong proliferation decrease and a defect in the cell cycle progression, with accumulation of cells in S/G2M, without triggering a strong apoptotic and senescent phenotype. In these cells, KD of MeCP2 evidenced a considerable decrease of the levels of lamin A, lamin C, lamin B1 and LBR proteins. Moreover, by confocal analysis we confirmed the reduction of lamin A levels, but we also observed an alteration in the shape of the nuclear lamina and an irregular nuclear rim. CONCLUSIONS Our results that indicate reduced levels of NE components, are consistent with a hypothesis that the deficiency of MeCP2 might cause the lack of a key "bridge" function that links the peripheral heterochromatin to the NE, thereby causing an incorrect assembly of the NE itself, together with a decreased cell proliferation and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Babbio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castiglioni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassina
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Marzia Bruna Gariboldi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Christian Pistore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Elena Magnani
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Badaracco
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Insubria University, via H. J. Dunant 3, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
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