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Hu X, Han D, Wang Y, Gu J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Liu J. Phospho-Smad3L promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through decreasing miR-140-5p level and stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1343-1351. [PMID: 33775574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activates JNK, phosphorylates Smad3 to linker-phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3L), resulting in liver tumorigenesis. However, the effect of pSmad3L on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis is obscure. AIM To detect the effect of pSmad3L on HCC prognosis and investigate the mechanism. METHODS The expressions of pSmad3L, E-cadherin, vimentin and MicroRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) were detected by using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Next, the relationships of pSmad3L and HCC patients' prognoses, pSmad3L and EMT markers, pSmad3L and miR-140-5p were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. JNK/pSmad3L specific inhibitor SP600125 or Smad3 mutant plasmid was used to suppress JNK/pSmad3L pathway, and QPCR assay was performed to investigate the effect of pSmad3L on miR-140-5p level. The proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells were observed using colony formation assay and transwell assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that patient with high level of pSmad3L predicted poor prognosis. Next, we verified that pSmad3L promoted EMT of hepatoma cells in vivo and in vitro. In order to investigate the mechanism, we verified a negative correlation between pSmad3L and miR-140-5p, which was an EMT inhibitor, in the liver tissues of HCC patient and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat HCC model. We further used SP600125 or pSmad3L mutant plasmid to decrease pSmad3L level of hepatoma cells, and inhibition of pSmad3L increased miR-140-5p level and suppressed EMT of hepatoma cells. CONCLUSIONS JNK/pSmad3L pathway induces EMT by inhibiting miR-140-5p in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Hu
- Digestive Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Functional experiment center, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Zhou LY, Lin SN, Rieder F, Chen MH, Zhang SH, Mao R. Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Intestinal Fibrosis of Crohn's Disease: The Path From Bench to Bedside. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:971-982. [PMID: 33324986 PMCID: PMC8344842 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major pathway to organ injury and failure, accounting for more than one-third of deaths worldwide. Intestinal fibrosis causes irreversible and serious clinical complications, such as strictures and obstruction, secondary to a complex pathogenesis. Under the stimulation of profibrotic soluble factors, excessive activation of mesenchymal cells causes extracellular matrix deposition via canonical transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling or other pathways (eg, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) in intestinal fibrogenesis. In recent studies, the importance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) stands out in fibrotic diseases in that ncRNAs exhibit a remarkable variety of biological functions in modulating the aforementioned fibrogenic responses. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs, including the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, in intestinal fibrogenesis. Notably, the translational potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of intestinal fibrosis is discussed based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs. The main points of this review include the following: • Characteristics of ncRNAs and mechanisms of intestinal fibrogenesis • Wide participation of ncRNAs (especially the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs) in intestinal fibrosis, including transforming growth factor-β signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling • Translational potential of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal fibrosis based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Min-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
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3
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Zhao JY, Wang XL, Yang YC, Zhang B, Wu YB. Upregulated miR-101 inhibits acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease transition by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1628-1638. [PMID: 32633566 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120937334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role and mechanism of microRNA (miRNA, miR) in AKI-CKD transition are elusive. In this study, a murine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion was established to investigate the repairing effect and mechanism of miR-101a-3p on renal injury. The pathological damage of renal tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The levels of miR-101, profibrotic cytokines, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed using Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunofluorescence. MiR-101 overexpression caused the downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen-1, and vimentin, as well as upregulation of E-cadherin, thereby alleviating the degree of renal tissue damage. MiR-101 overexpression mitigated hypoxic HK-2 cell damage. Collagen, type X, alpha 1 and transforming growth factor β receptor 1 levels were downregulated in hypoxic cells transfected with miR-101 mimic. Our study indicates that miR-101 is an anti-EMT miRNA, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for AKI-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - X-L Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-C Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-B Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Ríos-López DG, Aranda-López Y, Sosa-Garrocho M, Macías-Silva M. La plasticidad del hepatocito y su relevancia en la fisiología y la patología hepática. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2020.0.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
El hígado es uno de los principales órganos encargados de mantener la homeostasis en vertebrados, además de poseer una gran capacidad regenerativa. El hígado está constituido por diversos tipos celulares que de forma coordinada contribuyen para que el órgano funcione eficientemente. Los hepatocitos representan el tipo celular principal de este órgano y llevan a cabo la mayoría de sus actividades; además, constituyen una población heterogénea de células epiteliales con funciones especializadas en el metabolismo. El fenotipo de los hepatocitos está controlado por diferentes vías de señalización, como la vía del TGFβ/Smads, la ruta Hippo/YAP-TAZ y la vía Wnt/β-catenina, entre otras. Los hepatocitos son células que se encuentran normalmente en un estado quiescente, aunque cuentan con una plasticidad intrínseca que se manifiesta en respuesta a diversos daños en el hígado; así, estas células reactivan su capacidad proliferativa o cambian su fenotipo a través de procesos celulares como la transdiferenciación o la transformación, para contribuir a mantener la homeostasis del órgano en condiciones saludables o desarrollar diversas patologías.
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Su W, Wang H, Feng Z, Sun J. Nitro-oleic acid inhibits the high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal mesothelial cells and attenuates peritoneal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F457-F467. [PMID: 31760768 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00425.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an electrophilic nitroalkene fatty acid, nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) exerts multiple biological effects that contribute to anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and antiapoptosis. However, little is known about the role of OA-NO2 in peritoneal fibrosis. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of OA-NO2 on the high glucose (HG)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and evaluated the morphological and immunohistochemical changes in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. In in vitro experiments, we found that HG reduced the expression level of E-cadherin and increased Snail, N-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression levels in HPMCs. The above-mentioned changes were attenuated by pretreatment with OA-NO2. Additionally, OA-NO2 also inhibited HG-induced activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, OA-NO2 inhibited HG-induced phosphorylation of Erk and JNK. The results from the in vivo experiments showed that OA-NO2 notably relieved peritoneal fibrosis by decreasing the thickness of the peritoneum; it also inhibited expression of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, and vimentin and enhanced expression of E-cadherin in the peritoneum. Collectively, these results suggest that OA-NO2 inhibits the HG-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HPMCs and attenuates peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - ZiYan Feng
- Department of Dialysis, JuanCheng People's Hospital, Heze, Shangdong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
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6
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Fan X, Jin S, Li Y, Khadaroo PA, Dai Y, He L, Zhou D, Lin H. Genetic And Epigenetic Regulation Of E-Cadherin Signaling In Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8947-8963. [PMID: 31802937 PMCID: PMC6801489 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s225606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is well known as a growth and invasion suppressor and belongs to the large cadherin family. Loss of E-cadherin is widely known as the hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with the involvement of transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb1/2. Tumor cells undergoing EMT could migrate to distant sites and become metastases. Recently, numerous studies have revealed how the expression of E-cadherin is regulated by different kinds of genetic and epigenetic alteration, which are implicated in several crucial transcription factors and pathways. E-cadherin signaling plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression considering the highly mutated frequency of CTNNB1 (27%). Combining the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and previous studies, we have summarized the roles of gene mutations, chromosome instability, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA in E-cadherin in HCC. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the relationship between these modifications and HCC. Perspectives on E-cadherin-related research in HCC are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Parikshit Asutosh Khadaroo
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yili Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Yang YZ, Zhao XJ, Xu HJ, Wang SC, Pan Y, Wang SJ, Xu Q, Jiao RQ, Gu HM, Kong LD. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate ameliorates high fructose-induced liver fibrosis in rat by increasing miR-375-3p to suppress JAK2/STAT3 pathway and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:879-894. [PMID: 30568253 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that excessive fructose intake induces liver fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) driven by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) signaling activation promotes the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate is clinically used as a hepatoprotective agent to treat liver fibrosis, but its underlying molecular mechanism has not been identified. Using a rat model, we found that high fructose intake reduced microRNA (miR)-375-3p expression and activated the janus-activating kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) cascade and TGF-β1/Smad signaling, which is consistent with the EMT and liver fibrosis. To further verify these observations, BRL-3A cells and/or primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to high fructose and/or transfected with a miR-375-3p mimic or inhibitor or treated with a JAK2 inhibitor, and we found that the low expression of miR-375-3p could induce the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to activate TGF-β1/Smad signaling and promote the EMT. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate was found to ameliorate high fructose-induced EMT and liver fibrosis in rats. More importantly, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate increased miR-375-3p expression to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and TGF-β1/Smad signaling in these animal and cell models. This study provides evidence showing that magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate attenuates liver fibrosis associated with a high fructose diet.
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Smit KN, Chang J, Derks K, Vaarwater J, Brands T, Verdijk RM, Wiemer EAC, Mensink HW, Pothof J, de Klein A, Kilic E. Aberrant MicroRNA Expression and Its Implications for Uveal Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060815. [PMID: 31212861 PMCID: PMC6628189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequently found primary intra-ocular tumor in adults. It is a highly aggressive cancer that causes metastasis-related mortality in up to half of the patients. Many independent studies have reported somatic genetic changes associated with high metastatic risk, such as monosomy of chromosome 3 and mutations in BAP1. Still, the mechanisms that drive metastatic spread are largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of microRNAs in the metastasis of UM. Using a next-generation sequencing approach in 26 UM samples we identified thirteen differentially expressed microRNAs between high-risk UM and low/intermediate-risk UM, including the known oncomirs microRNA-17-5p, microRNA-21-5p, and miR-151a-3p. Integration of the differentially expressed microRNAs with expression data of predicted target genes revealed 106 genes likely to be affected by aberrant microRNA expression. These genes were involved in pathways such as cell cycle regulation, EGF signaling and EIF2 signaling. Our findings demonstrate that aberrant microRNA expression in UM may affect the expression of genes in a variety of cancer-related pathways. This implies that some microRNAs can be responsible for UM metastasis and are promising potential targets for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra N Smit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kasper Derks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda Vaarwater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Brands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik A C Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Emine Kilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Homeobox Genes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050621. [PMID: 31058850 PMCID: PMC6562709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths each year. It involves a multi-step progression and is strongly associated with chronic inflammation induced by the intake of environmental toxins and/or viral infections (i.e., hepatitis B and C viruses). Although several genetic dysregulations are considered to be involved in disease progression, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Homeobox genes that encode transcription factors with homeodomains control cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis in embryonic development. Recently, more aberrant expressions of Homeobox genes were found in a wide variety of human cancer, including HCC. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence related to the role of Homeobox genes in the development of HCC. The objective is to determine the roles of this conserved transcription factor family and its potential use as a therapeutic target in future investigations.
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Zou Y, Li S, Li Z, Song D, Zhang S, Yao Q. MiR-146a attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. Cell Signal 2019; 58:1-8. [PMID: 30711634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a vital process in embryogenesis, carcinogenesis, and tissue fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated signaling pathways play important roles in the EMT process. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) has been suggested as a significant regulatory molecule in fibrogenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of miR-146a on the EMT of hepatocytes and to investigate the role of overexpressing miR-146a on rat hepatic fibrosis. The results showed that the miR-146a level decreased during the EMT process of L02 hepatocytes induced by TGF-β1 in vitro. Moreover, miR-146a overexpression led to significant reduction of EMT-related markers expression in hepatocytes. Subsequent experiments revealed that miR-146a attenuated the EMT process in hepatocytes by targeting small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 4. Meanwhile, restoration of SMAD4 expression rescued the inhibitory effect of miRNA-146a on EMT. Further in vivo studies revealed that intravenous injection of miR-146a-expressing adenovirus (Ad-miR-146a) successfully restored the miR-146a levels and mitigated fibrogenesis in the livers of CCl4-treated rats. More importantly, after Ad-miR-146a treatment, inhibition of both EMT traits and SMAD4 expression was observed. The results of the present study showed that miR-146a/SMAD4 is a key signaling cascade that inhibits hepatocyte EMT, and the introduction of miR-146a might present a promising therapeutic option for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver disease, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver disease, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengliang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver disease, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongqiang Song
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuncai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver disease, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Liver disease, Shanghai, PR China.
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11
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Li L, Shao MY, Zou SC, Xiao ZF, Chen ZC. MiR-101-3p inhibits EMT to attenuate proliferation and metastasis in glioblastoma by targeting TRIM44. J Neurooncol 2019; 141:19-30. [PMID: 30539341 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor originating in the brain parenchyma. The invasive and infiltrative properties of glioblastoma result in poor clinical prognosis to conventional therapies. Emerging reports on microRNAs as important regulators during the process of EMT provide new insights into treating glioblastoma through new targets. However, underlying molecular mechanism of the regulation of miR-101-3p in glioblastoma remains unclear. METHODS Level of miR-101-3p was determined in GBM cell lines by qRT-PCR. MTT, colony formation and transwell assays were utilized to evaluate functions of overexpression of miR-101-3p/knock down of TRIM44 on proliferation, migration and invasion in GBM cells. Direct interaction between miR-101-3p and TRIM44 was validated using dual luciferase reporter system and impacts of overexpression of miR-101-3p/knock down of TRIM44 on regulation of EMT markers were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS MiR-101-3p was validated to be repressed expressed in glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Both overexpression of miR-101-3p and knock down of TRIM44 attenuated proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. TRIM44 was shown to promote EMT in GBM progress and reverse inhibitory function of miR-101-3p. MiR-101-3p was found to suppress the expression of TRIM44 via directly targeting its 3'UTR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested miR-101-3p regulated proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells through attenuating TRIM44 induced EMT via direct targeting 3'UTR of TRIM44, which provided preliminary study of potential therapeutic target in future GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Cheng Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhu-Chu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Kim J, Hyun J, Wang S, Lee C, Jung Y. MicroRNA-378 is involved in hedgehog-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes of regenerating liver. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:721. [PMID: 29915286 PMCID: PMC6006434 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy livers have a remarkable regenerative capacity for reconstructing functional hepatic parenchyma after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). Hepatocytes, usually quiescent in normal healthy livers, proliferate to compensate for hepatic loss after PH. However, the mechanism of hepatocyte involvement in liver regeneration remains unclear. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an important role in tissue reconstitution by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in liver disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development and carcinogenesis. It was recently reported that miR-378 inhibits transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts by suppressing Gli-Krüppel family member 3 (Gli3), the Hh-target gene. We hypothesized that miR-378 influences EMT in hepatocytes by interfering with Hh signaling during liver regeneration. As hepatocytes were highly proliferative after PH in mice, miR-378 and epithelial marker, Ppar-g or E-cadherin were downregulated, whereas both Hh activators, Smoothened (Smo) and Gli3, and the EMT-inducing genes, Tgfb, Snail and Vimentin, were upregulated in the regenerating livers and in hepatocytes isolated from them. Compared to cells with or without scramble miRNA, primary hepatocytes transfected with miR-378 inhibitor contained higher levels of Gli3 with increased expression of the EMT-promoting genes, Tgfb, Snail, Col1a1, and Vimentin, suggesting that miR-378 influenced EMT in hepatocytes. Smo-depleted hepatocytes isolated from PH livers of Smo-flox mice showed downregulation of EMT-promoting genes and Gli3, with upregulation of miR-378 and E-cadherin compared to Smo-expressing hepatocytes from PH liver. In addition, delivery hepatocyte-specific AAV8 viral vector bearing Cre recombinase into Smo-flox mice impeded EMT in Smo-suppressed hepatocytes of PH liver, indicating that Smo is critical for regulating hepatocyte EMT. Furthermore, the application of miR-378 mimic into mice with PH delayed liver regeneration by interrupting hepatocyte EMT. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that miR-378 is involved in hepatocyte EMT by regulating Hh signaling during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Jeongeun Hyun
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Sihyung Wang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea.
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13
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Antognelli C, Cecchetti R, Riuzzi F, Peirce MJ, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase 1 sustains the metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer cells via EMT control. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2865-2883. [PMID: 29504694 PMCID: PMC5908125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Effective therapeutic intervention in metastatic PCa is undermined by our poor understanding of its molecular aetiology. Defining the mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis may lead to insights into how to decrease morbidity and mortality in this disease. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the detoxification enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and argpyrimidine (AP) are AGEs originating from MG-mediated post-translational modification of proteins at arginine residues. AP is involved in the control of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial determinant of cancer metastasis and invasion, whose regulation mechanisms in malignant cells are still emerging. Here, we uncover a novel mechanism linking Glo1 to the maintenance of the metastatic phenotype of PCa cells by controlling EMT by engaging the tumour suppressor miR-101, MG-H1-AP and TGF-β1/Smad signalling. Moreover, circulating levels of Glo1, miR-101, MG-H1-AP and TGF-β1 in patients with metastatic compared with non-metastatic PCa support our in vitro results, demonstrating their clinical relevance. We suggest that Glo1, together with miR-101, might be potential therapeutic targets for metastatic PCa, possibly by metformin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Rodolfo Cecchetti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Matthew J. Peirce
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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14
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Suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by Krüppel-like factor 4. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29749-60. [PMID: 27102441 PMCID: PMC5045430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant and lethal human cancers. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances the carcinogenesis of HCC, and therapies targeting EMT appear to be promising treatments. We have previously shown that Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) suppressed EMT of HCC cells through downregulating EMT-associated proteins. Here, we examined the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in KLF4-regulated EMT in HCC cells. KLF4 induced expression of 3 miRNAs (miR-153, miR-506 and miR-200b) that targeted 3′-UTR of Snail1, Slug and ZEB1 mRNAs, respectively, to inhibit protein translation in HCC cells, which was confirmed by promoter luciferase assay. Expression of either miRNA significantly inhibited HCC cell growth and invasiveness, while the effect of combined expression of all 3 miRNAs was more pronounced. Furthermore, overexpression of antisense of all 3 miRNAs abolished the inhibitory effect of KLF4 on HCC cell growth and invasiveness. Together, our data suggest that KLF4 inhibits EMT-enhanced HCC growth and invasion, possibly through reducing EMT-related proteins Snail1, Slug and ZEB1 via increasing miR-153, miR-506 and miR-200b.
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15
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Zhou L, Liu S, Han M, Ma Y, Feng S, Zhao J, Lu H, Yuan X, Cheng J. miR-185 Inhibits Fibrogenic Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Prevents Liver Fibrosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:91-102. [PMID: 29499960 PMCID: PMC5735261 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the effect of microRNAs on HSC activation and transformation, which is essential for the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In our study, we explored the role of miR-185 in liver fibrosis. Plasma miR-185 was detected in hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis patients (S2/3, n = 10) by Illumina HiSeq sequencing, and healthy volunteers were selected (n = 8) as the control group. We found that the plasma miR-185 level in fibrosis patients was significantly downregulated. CCl4-induced fibrosis tissues in mouse livers and TGF-β1-activated HSCs also presented downregulated miR-185 concomitant with an increased expression of RHEB and RICTOR. To explore the correlations, LX-2 cells were transiently transfected with miR-185 mimics. The expression levels of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III were decreased as well as RHEB and RICTOR. Inhibition of endogenous miR-185 increased fibrogenic activity. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-185 inhibited the expression of RHEB and RICTOR by directly targeting their 3' UTRs. Moreover, silencing RHEB and RICTOR suppressed α-SMA and collagen expression levels. In conclusion, miR-185 prevents liver fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation via inhibition of RHEB and RICTOR. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms behind the anti-fibrotic effect of miR-185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Institiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Institiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ming Han
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Institiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shenghu Feng
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongping Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Institiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Institiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China; Institiute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
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16
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Yang L, Fan Y, Zhang X, Ma J. miRNA-23 regulates high glucose induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human mesotheial peritoneal cells by targeting VDR. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:375-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Yang L, Wu L, Zhang X, Hu Y, Fan Y, Ma J. 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR attenuates high glucose‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human peritoneal mesothelial cells via the TGFβ/Smad3 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2273-2279. [PMID: 28259913 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized to accelerate peritoneal membrane dysfunction. 1,25(OH)2D3/vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for preventing various types of EMT in vivo. However, its function on EMT and inflammation of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR on high glucose (HG)‑induced EMT and inflammation in HPMCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. It was determined that HG reduced VDR expression, increased inflammatory cytokine expression, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and phosphorylated‑SMAD family member 3 (p‑Smad3) expression. EMT was promoted as the expression level of the epithelial marker E‑cadherin was reduced, whereas expression levels of the mesenchymal markers α‑SMA and FN were increased. 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in HPMCs and attenuated HG‑induced EMT, possibly through inhibition of the TGFβ/Smad pathway by binding to its receptor VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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18
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Wang Z, Wang C, Liu S, He W, Wang L, Gan J, Huang Z, Wang Z, Wei H, Zhang J, Dong L. Specifically Formed Corona on Silica Nanoparticles Enhances Transforming Growth Factor β1 Activity in Triggering Lung Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1659-1672. [PMID: 28085241 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A corona is a layer of macromolecules formed on a nanoparticle surface in vivo. It can substantially change the biological identity of nanomaterials and possibly trigger adverse responses from the body tissues. Dissecting the role of the corona in the development of a particular disease may provide profound insights for understanding toxicity of nanomaterials in general. In our present study, we explored the capability of different silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to induce silicosis in the mouse lung and analyzed the composition of coronas formed on these particles. We found that SiNPs of certain size and surface chemistry could specifically recruit transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) into their corona, which subsequently induces the development of lung fibrosis. Once embedded into the corona on SiNPs, TGF-β1 was remarkably more stable than in its free form, and its fibrosis-triggering activity was significantly prolonged. Our study meaningfully demonstrates that a specific corona component on a certain nanoparticle could initiate a particular pathogenic process in a clinically relevant disease model. Our findings may shed light on the understanding of molecular mechanisms of human health risks correlated with exposure to small-scale substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - JingJing Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haoyang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nano-Technology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
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19
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Xu F, Liao JZ, Xiang GY, Zhao PX, Ye F, Zhao Q, He XX. MiR-101 and doxorubicin codelivered by liposomes suppressing malignant properties of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:651-661. [PMID: 28135055 PMCID: PMC5345655 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-101, an important tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been affirmed significantly downregulated in HCC and participated in promoting apoptosis, decreasing proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells, as well as increasing sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drug. However, miR-101-based combination therapies with doxorubicin (DOX) are not reported yet. Recently, nanomaterials-based approaches, especially liposome formulations, have been approved for clinical use and seem to provide a great opportunity to codeliver therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. In this study, we have successfully prepared liposome (L) nanoparticles to efficiently deliver miR-101 and DOX to HCC cells simultaneously. The effects of codelivery system miR-101/doxorubicin liposome (miR-101/DOX-L) on tumor malignant phenotypes of HCC cells were evaluated through analyzing cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion, cell apoptosis assay, and the expression of related genes. In subcutaneous xenografts developed by HCC cells, the inhibition of tumor growth was analyzed through gross morphology, growth curve, proliferation marker Ki-67, apoptosis signals, and the expression of related genes. These experiments demonstrated that miR-101/DOX-L inhibited tumor properties of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through targeting correlative genes by combinatory role of miR-101 and DOX. In conclusion, our results indicated that liposome nanoparticle is a reliable delivery strategy to codeliver miR-101 and DOX simultaneously, and miR-101- and DOX-based combination therapy can result in significant synergetic antitumor effects in vivo and vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Liao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Ya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Abstract
The significant parallels between cell plasticity during embryonic development and carcinoma progression have helped us understand the importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human disease. Our expanding knowledge of EMT has led to a clarification of the EMT program as a set of multiple and dynamic transitional states between the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, as opposed to a process involving a single binary decision. EMT and its intermediate states have recently been identified as crucial drivers of organ fibrosis and tumor progression, although there is some need for caution when interpreting its contribution to metastatic colonization. Here, we discuss the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the concept of cellular plasticity and heterogeneity in EMT. We raise some of the questions pending and identify the challenges faced in this fast-moving field.
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21
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Wu L, Bai X, Xie Y, Yang Z, Yang X, Lin J, Zhu C, Wang A, Zhang H, Miao R, Wu Y, Robson SC, Zhao Y, Sang X, Zhao H. MetastamiRs: A promising choice for antihepatocellular carcinoma nucleic acid drug development. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:80-94. [PMID: 27138942 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, which can be explained at least in part by its propensity towards metastasis and the limited efficacy of adjuvant therapy. MetastamiRs are miRNAs that promote or suppress migration and metastasis of cancer cells, and their functional status is significantly correlated with HCC prognosis. Unlike targeted therapy, metastamiRs have the potential to target multiple genes and signaling pathways and dramatically suppress cancer metastasis. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of metastamiRs in the HCC invasion-metastasis cascade. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis has shown that many extensively studied metastamiRs target several critical signaling pathways and these have remarkable therapeutic potential in HCC. The information reviewed here may assist in further anti-HCC miRNA drug screening and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengpei Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haohai Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Miao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Reza AMMT, Choi YJ, Yasuda H, Kim JH. Human adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal-miRNAs are critical factors for inducing anti-proliferation signalling to A2780 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38498. [PMID: 27929108 PMCID: PMC5143979 DOI: 10.1038/srep38498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An enigmatic question exists concerning the pro- or anti-cancer status of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite growing interest, this question remains unanswered, and the debate became intensified with new evidences backing each side. Here, we showed that human adipose MSC (hAMSC)-derived conditioned medium (CM) exhibited inhibitory effects on A2780 human ovarian cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle, and activating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signalling. Explicitly, we demonstrated that exosomes, an important biological component of hAMSC-CM, could restrain proliferation, wound-repair and colony formation ability of A2780 and SKOV-3 cancer cells. Furthermore, hAMSC-CM-derived exosomes induced apoptosis signalling by upregulating different pro-apoptotic signalling molecules, such as BAX, CASP9, and CASP3, as well as downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. More specifically, cancer cells exhibited reduced viability following fresh or protease-digested exosome treatment; however, treatment with RNase-digested exosomes could not inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, sequencing of exosomal RNAs revealed a rich population of microRNAs (miRNAs), which exhibit anti-cancer activities by targeting different molecules associated with cancer survival. Our findings indicated that exosomal miRNAs are important players involved in the inhibitory influence of hAMSC-CM towards ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we believe that these comprehensive results will provide advances concerning ovarian cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Musa Md Talimur Reza
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideyo Yasuda
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zou XZ, Liu T, Gong ZC, Hu CP, Zhang Z. MicroRNAs-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrotic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:190-206. [PMID: 27916556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small and highly conserved non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs underlies a spectrum of diseases including organ fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs contribute to organ fibrosis through mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Alleviation of EMT has been proposed as a promising strategy against fibrotic diseases given the key role of EMT in fibrosis. miRNAs impact the expression of specific ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways, thus modulating EMT and consequently influencing fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning how miRNAs regulate EMT and highlights the specific roles that miRNAs-regulated EMT plays in fibrotic diseases as diverse as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis and cardiac fibrosis. It is desirable that a more comprehensive understanding of the functions of miRNAs-regulated EMT will facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various debilitating organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhou Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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miR-706 inhibits the oxidative stress-induced activation of PKCα/TAOK1 in liver fibrogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37509. [PMID: 27876854 PMCID: PMC5120320 DOI: 10.1038/srep37509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces the activation of liver fibrogenic cells (myofibroblasts), thus promoting the expression of fibrosis-related genes, leading to hepatic fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small RNAs ~18–25 nucleotides in length involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Wound-healing and remodeling processes in liver fibrosis have been associated with changes in hepatic miRNA expression. However, the role of miR-706 in liver fibrogenesis is currently unknown. In the present study, we show that miR-706 is abundantly expressed in hepatocytes. Moreover, oxidative stress leads to a significant downregulation of miR-706, and the further reintroduction of miR-706 inhibits oxidative stress-induced expression of fibrosis-related markers such as α-SMA. Subsequent studies revealed that miR-706 directly inhibits PKCα and TAOK1 expression via binding to the 3′-untranslated region, preventing epithelial mesenchymal transition. In vivo studies showed that intravenous injection of miR-706 agomir successfully increases hepatic miR-706 and decreases α-SMA, PKCα, and TAOK1 protein levels in livers of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice. In summary, this study reveals a protective role for miR-706 by blocking the oxidative stress-induced activation of PKCα/TAOK1. Our results further identify a major implication for miR-706 in preventing hepatic fibrogenesis and suggest that miR-706 may be a suitable molecular target for anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Mizuguchi Y, Takizawa T, Yoshida H, Uchida E. Dysregulated miRNA in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:391-406. [PMID: 26490438 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The primary risk factor for HCC is liver cirrhosis secondary to persistent infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus. Although a number of cellular phenomena and molecular events have been reported to facilitate tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, the exact etiology of HCC has not yet been fully uncovered. miRNA, a class of non-coding RNA, negatively regulate post-transcriptional processes that participate in crucial biological processes, including development, differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. In the liver, specific miRNA can be negative regulators of gene expression. Recent studies have uncovered the contribution of miRNA to cancer pathogenesis as they can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In addition, other studies have demonstrated their potential value in the clinical management of patients with HCC as some miRNA may be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the roles of miRNA in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Fabregat I, Moreno-Càceres J, Sánchez A, Dooley S, Dewidar B, Giannelli G, ten Dijke P. TGF-β signalling and liver disease. FEBS J 2016; 283:2219-32. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II; University of Barcelona; Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II; San Carlos Clinical Hospital Health Research Institute (IdISSC); Madrid Spain
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Tanta University; Egypt
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; University of Bari Medical School; Italy
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands; Leiden The Netherlands
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27
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Abba ML, Patil N, Leupold JH, Allgayer H. MicroRNA Regulation of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5010008. [PMID: 26784241 PMCID: PMC4730133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central regulatory program that is similar in many aspects to several steps of embryonic morphogenesis. In addition to its physiological role in tissue repair and wound healing, EMT contributes to chemo resistance, metastatic dissemination and fibrosis, amongst others. Classically, the morphological change from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is characterized by the appearance or loss of a group of proteins which have come to be recognized as markers of the EMT process. As with all proteins, these molecules are controlled at the transcriptional and translational level by transcription factors and microRNAs, respectively. A group of developmental transcription factors form the backbone of the EMT cascade and a large body of evidence shows that microRNAs are heavily involved in the successful coordination of mesenchymal transformation and vice versa, either by suppressing the expression of different groups of transcription factors, or otherwise acting as their functional mediators in orchestrating EMT. This article dissects the contribution of microRNAs to EMT and analyzes the molecular basis for their roles in this cellular process. Here, we emphasize their interaction with core transcription factors like the zinc finger enhancer (E)-box binding homeobox (ZEB), Snail and Twist families as well as some pluripotency transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed L Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jörg Hendrik Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC is a suitable model of inflammation-induced cancer because more than 90% of HCC cases are caused by liver damage and chronic inflammation. Several inflammatory response pathways, such as NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, play roles in the crosstalk between inflammation and HCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, short endogenous, non-coding single-stranded RNAs that are involved in various biological and pathological processes by regulating gene expression and protein translation. Evidence showed that miRNAs play a pivotal role in hepatitis virus infection and serve as promoters or inhibitors of inflammatory response. Aberrant miRNA was observed during liver inflammation and HCC. Many dysregulated miRNAs modulate the initiation and progression of inflammation-induced HCC. This review summarizes the role and functions of miRNAs in inflammation-associated HCC, as well as the designed therapeutics targeting miRNAs to treat liver inflammation and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin-Hui Liang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Huo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Riester SM, Arsoy D, Camilleri ET, Dudakovic A, Paradise CR, Evans JM, Torres-Mora J, Rizzo M, Kloen P, Julio MKD, van Wijnen AJ, Kakar S. RNA sequencing reveals a depletion of collagen targeting microRNAs in Dupuytren's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:59. [PMID: 26446724 PMCID: PMC4597401 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dupuytren’s disease is an inherited disorder in which patients develop fibrotic contractures of the hand. Current treatment strategies include surgical excision or enzymatic digestion of fibrotic tissue. MicroRNAs, which are key posttranscriptional regulators of genes expression, have been shown to play an important regulatory role in disorders of fibrosis. Therefore in this investigation, we apply high throughput next generation RNA sequencing strategies to characterize microRNA expression in diseased and healthy palmar fascia to elucidate molecular mechanisms responsible for pathogenic fibrosis. Methods We applied high throughput RNA sequencing techniques to quantify the expression of all known human microRNAs in Dupuytren’s and control palmar fascia. MicroRNAs that were differentially expressed between diseased and healthy tissue samples were used for computational target prediction using the bioinformatics tool ComiR. Molecular pathways that were predicted to be differentially expressed based on computational analysis were validated by performing RT-qPCR on RNA extracted from diseased and non-diseased palmar fascia biopsies. Results A comparison of microRNAs expressed in Dupuytren’s fascia and control fascia identified 74 microRNAs with a 2-fold enrichment in Dupuytren’s tissue, and 32 microRNAs with enrichment in control fascia. Computational target prediction for differentially expressed microRNAs indicated preferential targeting of collagens and extracellular matrix related proteins in control palmar fascia. RT-qPCR confirmed the decreased expression of microRNA targeted collagens in control palmar fascia tissues. Discussion Control palmar fascia show decreased expression of mRNAs encoding collagens that are preferentially targeted by microRNAs enriched in non-diseased fascia. Thus alterations in microRNA regulatory networks may play an important role in driving the pathogenic fibrosis seen in Dupuytren’s disease via direct regulatory effects on extracellular matrix protein synthesis. Conclusion Dupuytren’s fascia and healthy palmar fascia can be distinguished by unique microRNA profiles, which are predicted to preferentially target collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0135-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Diren Arsoy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Emily T Camilleri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jared M Evans
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Marco Rizzo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Peter Kloen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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