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Mastrorosa I, Tempestilli M, Notari S, Lorenzini P, Fabbri G, Grilli E, Bellagamba R, Vergori A, Cicalini S, Ammassari A, Agrati C, Antinori A. Association of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Plasma Trough Concentrations with Patient-, Treatment-, and Disease-Related Factors Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Persons. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:135-142. [PMID: 34623616 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir achieves high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), with no differences according to HIV serostatus. However, only limited information is available on the pharmacokinetic variability of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify patient-, treatment-, and disease-related factors that are significantly associated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir plasma trough concentrations (Ctrough), including liver and renal function, among HIV/HCV-coinfected persons. METHODS In this observational cohort pilot study, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients undergoing sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir treatment were prospectively enrolled. Biochemical and viro-immunological parameters were assessed at baseline, week 4 (W4), end of treatment (EOT), and after EOT. The FIB-4 score and CKD-EPI equation were used to estimate liver disease and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. For sofosbuvir, sofosbuvir metabolite (GS-331007), and daclatasvir, Ctrough was measured at W4 and week 8 (W8), and the mean of the values at those two time points (mean-Ctrough) was calculated. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlation were used to evaluate the correlations between the mean-Ctrough of each direct-acting antiviral (DAA) and the considered variables. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were included (SVR 94%). An increased GS-331007 mean-Ctrough was significantly correlated with a decreased eGFR at W4 (rho = -0.36; p = 0.037) and EOT (rho = -0.34; p = 0.048). There was a significant correlation between daclatasvir mean-Ctrough and FIB-4 at all time points: baseline (rho = -0.35; p = 0.037), W4 (rho = -0.44; p = 0.008), EOT (rho = -0.40; p = 0.023), and after EOT (rho = -0.39; p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS In HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in a real-world setting, exposure to a high GS-331007 Ctrough was associated with a slight decrease in renal function, while advanced hepatic impairment was significantly associated with a lower daclatasvir Ctrough. Though the clinical and therapeutic relevance of these findings may be limited, increasing clinicians' knowledge regarding DAA exposure in difficult-to-treat patients could be relevant in single cases, and further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mastrorosa
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Tempestilli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
- Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Notari
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lorenzini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Fabbri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grilli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Bellagamba
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vergori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cicalini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Ammassari
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
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Leino T, Viitamaa T, Salonen JS, Pesonen U, Haapalinna A. Effects of fadolmidine, an α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, as an adjuvant to spinal bupivacaine on antinociception and motor function in rats and dogs. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00830. [PMID: 34302721 PMCID: PMC8308519 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α2 -Adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine are used as adjuvants to local anesthetics in regional anesthesia. Fadolmidine is an α2 -adrenoceptor agonist developed especially as a spinal analgesic. The current studies investigate the effects of intrathecally administered fadolmidine with a local anesthetic, bupivacaine, on antinociception and motor block in conscious rats and dogs. The antinociceptive effects of intrathecal fadolmidine and bupivacaine alone or in combination were tested in the rat tail-flick and the dog's skin twitch models. The durations of motor block in rats and in dogs were also assessed. In addition, the effects on sedation, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were evaluated in telemetrized dogs. Concentrations of fadolmidine in plasma and spinal cord were determined after intrathecal and intravenous administration in rats. Co-administration of intrathecal fadolmidine with bupivacaine increased the magnitude and duration of the antinociceptive effects and prolonged motor block without hypotension. The interaction of the antinociceptive effect was synergistic in its nature in rats. Concentration of fadolmidine in plasma was very low after intrathecal dosing. Taken together, these studies show that fadolmidine as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine provides enhanced sensory-motor block and enables a reduction of the doses of both drugs. The results indicate that co-administration of fadolmidine with intrathecal bupivacaine was able to achieve an enhanced antinociceptive effect without hypotension and could thus represent a suitable combination for spinal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Leino
- Orion Corporation Orion PharmaR&DTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Research UnitInstitute of BiomedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Aglago EK, Schalkwijk CG, Freisling H, Fedirko V, Hughes DJ, Jiao L, Dahm CC, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Katzke V, Johnson T, Schulze MB, Aleksandrova K, Masala G, Sieri S, Simeon V, Tumino R, Macciotta A, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Skeie G, Gram IT, Sandanger T, Jakszyn P, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Colorado-Yohar SM, Gurrea AB, Perez-Cornago A, Mayén AL, Weiderpass E, Gunter MJ, Heath AK, Jenab M. Plasma concentrations of advanced glycation end-products and colorectal cancer risk in the EPIC study. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:705-713. [PMID: 33780524 PMCID: PMC8162627 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the non-enzymatic reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars, or dicarbonyls as intermediate compounds. Experimental studies suggest that AGEs may promote colorectal cancer, but prospective epidemiologic studies are inconclusive. We conducted a case-control study nested within a large European cohort. Plasma concentrations of three protein-bound AGEs-Nε-(carboxy-methyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(carboxy-ethyl)lysine (CEL) and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1)-were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in baseline samples collected from 1378 incident primary colorectal cancer cases and 1378 matched controls. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using conditional logistic regression for colorectal cancer risk associated with CML, CEL, MG-H1, total AGEs, and [CEL+MG-H1: CML] and [CEL:MG-H1] ratios. Inverse colorectal cancer risk associations were observed for CML (OR comparing highest to lowest quintile, ORQ5 versus Q1 = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.59), MG-H1 (ORQ5 versus Q1 = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53-1.00) and total AGEs (OR Q5 versus Q1 = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37-0.73), whereas no association was observed for CEL. A higher [CEL+MG-H1: CML] ratio was associated with colorectal cancer risk (ORQ5 versus Q1 = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.31-2.79). The associations observed did not differ by sex, or by tumour anatomical sub-site. Although individual AGEs concentrations appear to be inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, a higher ratio of methylglyoxal-derived AGEs versus those derived from glyoxal (calculated by [CEL+MG-H1: CML] ratio) showed a strong positive risk association. Further insight on the metabolism of AGEs and their dicarbonyls precursors, and their roles in colorectal cancer development is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom K Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group (CBT), Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science (SBBS), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, København, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, København, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Senior Scientist Group, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network-ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, University ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Macciotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel Sandanger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sandra M Colorado-Yohar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayén
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Ali OT, Hassan WS, Khayyat AN, Almalki AJ, Sebaiy MM. HPLC Determination of Imidazoles with Variant Anti-Infective Activity in Their Dosage Forms and Human Plasma. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010129. [PMID: 33396585 PMCID: PMC7794769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A suitable HPLC method has been selected and validated for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of four imidazole anti-infective drugs, secnidazole, omeprazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole, in their final dosage forms, in addition to human plasma within 5 min. The method suitability was derived from the superiority of using the environmentally benign solvent, methanol over acetonitrile as a mobile phase component in respect of safety issues and migration times. Separation of the four anti-infective drugs was performed on a Thermo Scientific® BDS Hypersil C8 column (5 µm, 2.50 × 4.60 mm) using a mobile phase consist of MeOH: 0.025 M KH2PO4 (70:30, v/v) adjusted to pH 3.20 with ortho-phosphoric acid at room temperature. The flow rate was 1.00 mL/min and maximum absorption was measured with UV detector set at 300 nm. Limits of detection were reported to be 0.41, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.15 µg/mL for secnidazole, omeprazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole, respectively, showing a high degree of the method sensitivity. The method of analysis was validated according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)guidelines for the determination of the drugs, either in their dosage forms with highly precise recoveries, or clinically in human plasma, especially regarding pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday T. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt;
- Ministry of Education, Baghdad 55509, Iraq
| | - Wafaa S. Hassan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt;
| | - Ahdab N. Khayyat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.K.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.K.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Sebaiy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-10-6278-0060; Fax: +20-55-230-3266
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Kim Y, Keogh JB, Deo P, Clifton PM. Differential Effects of Dietary Patterns on Advanced Glycation end Products: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061767. [PMID: 32545555 PMCID: PMC7353357 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine if a diet high in red and processed meat and refined grains (HMD) would elevate plasma concentrations of protein-bound AGEs compared with an energy-matched diet high in whole grain, dairy, nuts and legumes (HWD). We conducted a randomized crossover trial with two 4-week weight-stable dietary interventions in 51 participants without type 2 diabetes (15 men and 36 women aged 35.1 ± 15.6 y; body mass index (BMI), 27.7 ± 6.9 kg/m2). Plasma concentrations of protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The HMD significantly increased plasma concentrations (nmol/mL) of CEL (1.367, 0.78 vs. 1.096, 0.65; p < 0.01; n = 48) compared with the HWD. No differences in CML and MG-H1 between HMD and HWD were observed. HMD increased plasma CEL concentrations compared with HWD in individuals without type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jennifer B. Keogh
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (J.B.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (J.B.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Peter M. Clifton
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (J.B.K.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-1357
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Chen J, Guan Z, Dong N, Li X. A novel LC-MS/MS method for the determination of ziritaxestat in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4863. [PMID: 32329073 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ziritaxestat is a first-in-class autotoxin inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of ziritaxestat in rat plasma. The plasma sample was deproteinated using acetonitrile and then separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase, which was delivered at 0.4 ml/min. Ziritaxestat and the internal standard (crizotinib) were quantitatively monitored with precursor-to-product transitions of m/z 589.3 > 262.2 and m/z 450.1 > 260.2, respectively. The total running time was 2.5 min. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range 0.5-2000 ng/ml, with correlation coefficient >0.9987. The extraction recovery was >82.09% and the matrix effect was not significant. Inter- and intra-day precisions (RSD) were <11.20% and accuracies were in the range of -8.50-7.45%. Ziritaxestat was demonstrated to be stable in rat plasma under the tested conditions. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic profiles of ziritaxestat in rat plasma after intravenous and oral administration. Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that ziritaxestat displayed a short half-life (~3 h) and low bioavailability (20.52%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Na Dong
- Department of Nursing, Hebei Women's Vocational College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Iwasa C, Zaima K, Metori K, Harikai N, Tanaka Y, Hamada J, Shinomiya K, Hayashi H. Transfer of epinastine to infants through human breast milk. Pharmazie 2019; 74:732-736. [PMID: 31907112 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2019.9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for analyzing epinastine in breast milk and maternal plasma samples to determine the safety of epinastine in breastfed infants. Six nursing mothers took epinastine hydrochloride (20 mg) once a day for 7 days, while a nursing mother took it for 30 days. Breast milk and blood samples were collected 2, 4, and 10 h after administration from the volunteers. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system was used to analyze samples pretreated by liquid-liquid extractions. The concentration of epinastine in human milk was 10.3-33.5 ng/mL after 2 h, 9.1-63.8 ng/mL after 4 h, and 8.3-28.9 ng/mL after 10 h. The increase achieved 4 h after administration indicates that epinastine was transferred into human breast milk. However, the milk-to-plasma ratio had a wide range (0.82-3.39), while the relative infant dose at 4 h was 0.36-2.49%, which is lower than the safety level of transferability (10%). Moreover, the plasma levels of epinastine in two infants were slightly below the quantification limit. Overall, our results suggested that epinastine can safely be used by nursing mothers without affecting their infants.
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Barrail-Tran A, Goldwirt L, Gelé T, Laforest C, Lavenu A, Danjou H, Radenne S, Leroy V, Houssel-Debry P, Duvoux C, Kamar N, De Ledinghen V, Canva V, Conti F, Durand F, D'Alteroche L, Botta-Fridlund D, Moreno C, Cagnot C, Samuel D, Fougerou-Leurent C, Pageaux GP, Duclos-Vallée JC, Taburet AM, Coilly A. Comparison of the effect of direct-acting antiviral with and without ribavirin on cyclosporine and tacrolimus clearance values: results from the ANRS CO23 CUPILT cohort. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75:1555-1563. [PMID: 31384986 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Direct-acting antiviral agents have demonstrated their efficacy in treating HCV recurrence after liver transplantation and particularly the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir combination. Pharmacokinetic data on both calcineurin inhibitors and direct-acting antiviral exposure in liver transplant recipients remain sparse. METHODS Patients were enrolled from the ANRS CO23 CUPILT cohort. All patients treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin were included in this study when blood samples were available to estimate the clearance of immunosuppressive therapy before direct-acting antiviral initiation and during follow-up. Apparent tacrolimus and cyclosporine clearances were estimated from trough concentrations measured using validated quality control assays. RESULTS Sixty-seven mainly male patients (79%) were included, with a mean age of 57 years and mean MELD score of 8.2; 50 were on tacrolimus, 17 on cyclosporine. Ribavirin was combined with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir in 52% of patients. Cyclosporine clearance remained unchanged as well as tacrolimus clearance under the ribavirin-free regimen. Tacrolimus clearance increased 4 weeks after direct-acting antivirals and ribavirin initiation versus baseline (geometric mean ratio 1.81; 90% CI 1.30-2.52). Patients under ribavirin had a significantly higher fibrosis stage (> 2) (p = 0.02) and lower haemoglobin during direct-acting antiviral treatment (p = 0.02) which impacted tacrolimus measurements. Direct-acting antiviral exposure was within the expected range. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that liver transplant patients with a recurrence of hepatitis C who are initiating ribavirin combined with a sofosbuvir-daclatasvir direct-acting antiviral regimen may be at risk of lower tacrolimus concentrations because of probable ribavirin-induced anaemia and higher fibrosis score, although there are no effects on cyclosporine levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01944527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Barrail-Tran
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Kremlinl-Bicêtre, France.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Université Paris Sud, Châtenay Malabry, France.
- INSERM UMR1184, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA), Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Lauriane Goldwirt
- Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Gelé
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Kremlinl-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Laforest
- CHU Rennes, Service de Pharmacologie, Rennes, France
- INSERM, CIC 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Lavenu
- INSERM, CIC 1414, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Danjou
- CHU Rennes, Service de Pharmacologie, Rennes, France
- INSERM, CIC 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Radenne
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, HCL Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Michallon, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christophe Duvoux
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, AP-HP Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Service de Néphrologie, HTA, Dialyse, Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Canva
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CHRU Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Transplantation Hépatique, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François Durand
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Moreno
- CUB, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Carole Cagnot
- Unit for Basic and Clinical Research on Viral Hepatitis ANRS (France REcheche Nord&sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), Paris, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Georges-Philippe Pageaux
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, CHU Saint Eloi, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Marie Taburet
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Kremlinl-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR1184, CEA, Université Paris Sud, Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA), Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | - Audrey Coilly
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
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9
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Sultan MA, Abou El-Alamin MM, Wark AW, Azab MM. Stability-indicating micellar enhanced spectro-fluorometric determination of Daclatasvir in its tablet and spiked human plasma. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 211:52-58. [PMID: 30503988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fast, simple and sensitive micellar enhanced spectrofluorimetric method is performed for the determination of Daclatasvir dihydrochloride (DAC) in its pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked human plasma. The fluorescence intensity (FI) was measured at 367 nm after excitation at 300 nm. In aqueous solution, the FI of DAC was greatly enhanced by >110% in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The detection method was linear over the range of 12.93 to 161.60 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 1.75 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DAC in its pharmaceutical dosage form and the mean % recovery of DAC in spiked human plasma was 95.42 ± 2.52. The developed methodology was also extended to stress studies of DAC after exposure to different forced degradation conditions including acidic, alkaline, photolytic, thermal and oxidative environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Sultan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Abou El-Alamin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alastair W Wark
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WESTChem, Dept. of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Technology & Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Marwa M Azab
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Abdel-Lateef MA, Omar MA, Ali R, Derayea SM. Micellar spectrofluorimetric protocol for the innovative determination of HCV antiviral (daclatasvir) with enhanced sensitivity: Application to human plasma and stability study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 206:57-64. [PMID: 30081268 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Daclatasvir dihydrochloride (DAC) is a new, direct-acting antiviral drug with powerful inhibitory effect against all hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes. A sensitive, simple, fast and specific fluorometric method for estimation of DAC in the presence of sofosbuvir was developed and validated. The method is based on reinforcement the fluorescence intensity of DAC by 170% of its original value in an aqueous solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (pH 5.5, Teorell and Stenhagen buffer). The fluorescence intensity measurements were accomplished at 387 nm with 328 nm for excitation wavelength. A linear relationship was achieved between the DAC concentration and the fluorescence intensity in a range of 50.0-2000.0 ng ml-1 with 0.9998 and 0.9999 for the determination and correlation coefficients, respectively. The detection and quantitation limits were 13.4, 40.8 ng ml-1, respectively. The excellent sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method allowed the efficient estimation of DAC in real human plasma with adequate recovery (81.78 ± 1.57), and the selective determination for DAC in its commercial dosage form without interference from tablet excipient. Moreover, the proposed method was expanded to examine the stability of DAC by determination the parent drug of DAC in the presence of its oxidative, alkaline, acidic, UV, daylight and sunlight degradations products in agreement with ICH guidelines. Furthermore, the kinetic study of acidic and oxidative degradations of DAC was inspected. In addition, the half-life times of the reaction (t1/2) and the first-order reaction rate constants were estimated. Moreover, a suggestion for the degradation pathway was supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Omar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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11
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Uchida Y, Naiki K, Kouyama JI, Sugawara K, Nakao M, Motoya D, Inao M, Nakayama N, Imai Y, Tomiya T, Mochida S. Serum asunaprevir concentrations showing correlation with the extent of liver fibrosis as a factor inducing liver injuries in patients with genotype-1b hepatitis C virus receiving daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205600. [PMID: 30308053 PMCID: PMC6181393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Liver injury can occur during antiviral therapies with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), potentially necessitating discontinuation of the therapies, with consequent worsening of the sustained viral response (SVR) rates, in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). To clarify the mechanisms involved in serum transaminase level elevation, we performed a retrospective evaluation of the serum concentrations of daclatasvir and asunaprevir, both classified as DAAs, in patients receiving treatment with a combination of the two drugs. METHODS Subjects were 278 Japanese patients with genotype-1b HCV who received daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy for more than 4 weeks. Serum concentrations of both the DAAs were measured at 4 weeks after the initiation of therapy. RESULT Liver injuries including serum AST and/or ALT level elevation to 150 U/L or over were found in 34 patients (12.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified serum asunaprevir concentrations as being significantly associated with developing liver injury, with an odds ratio of 1.046 (95% confidence interval 1.011-1.082, p<0.05). Serum asunaprevir concentrations showed correlation with the extent of liver fibrosis, estimated by peripheral platelets counts and serum albumin levels and baseline and FIB4 index and serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels at 4 weeks of the therapy; the concentrations were significantly higher among patients showing 3.0 or more of M2BPGi levels than among those with the levels less than 3.0; on the other hand, no such correlation/difference was found in serum daclatasvir concentrations. CONCLUSION High serum concentrations of serum asunaprevir, which were associated with the extent of liver fibrosis, appear to provoke the occurrence of liver injury in patients with genotype-1b HCV receiving combined daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Naiki
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kouyama
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sugawara
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motoya
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mie Inao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Hassan WS, Elmasry MS, Elsayed HM, Zidan DW. Comparative study of six sequential spectrophotometric methods for quantification and separation of ribavirin, sofosbuvir and daclatasvir: An application on Laboratory prepared mixture, pharmaceutical preparations, spiked human urine, spiked human plasma, and dissolution test. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 202:159-173. [PMID: 29783148 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines, six novel, simple and precise sequential spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of Ribavirin (RIB), Sofosbuvir (SOF), and Daclatasvir (DAC) in their mixture without prior separation steps. These drugs are described as co-administered for treatment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and lymphomas in humans. These techniques consisted of several sequential steps using zero, ratio and/or derivative spectra. DAC was first determined through direct spectrophotometry at 313.7 nm without any interference of the other two drugs while RIB and SOF can be determined after ratio subtraction through five methods; Ratio difference spectrophotometric method, successive derivative ratio method, constant center, isoabsorptive method at 238.8 nm, and mean centering of the ratio spectra (MCR) at 224 nm and 258 nm for RIB and SOF, respectively. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration ranges of (6-42), (10-70) and (4-16) μg/mL for RIB, SOF, and DAC, respectively. This method was successfully applied to commercial pharmaceutical preparation of the drugs, spiked human urine, and spiked human plasma. The above methods are very simple methods that were developed for the simultaneous determination of binary and ternary mixtures and so enhance signal-to-noise ratio. The method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of RIB, SOF, and DAC in laboratory prepared mixtures. The obtained results are statistically compared with those obtained by the official or reported methods, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision at p = 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S Hassan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Manal S Elmasry
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elsayed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Garimella T, Tao X, Sims K, Chang YT, Rana J, Myers E, Wind-Rotolo M, Bhatnagar R, Eley T, LaCreta F, AbuTarif M. Effects of a Fixed-Dose Co-Formulation of Daclatasvir, Asunaprevir, and Beclabuvir on the Pharmacokinetics of a Cocktail of Cytochrome P450 and Drug Transporter Substrates in Healthy Subjects. Drugs R D 2018; 18:55-65. [PMID: 29255971 PMCID: PMC5833906 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-017-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A fixed-dose combination of daclatasvir (DCV; hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor), asunaprevir (ASV; non-structural protein 3 inhibitor), and beclabuvir (BCV; non-structural protein 5B inhibitor) is approved in Japan for hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the combination’s drug–drug interaction potential in vivo using a validated cocktail of eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) and transporter probes. Methods We conducted an open-label single-sequence study in healthy adults (n = 20) given single-dose caffeine (CYP1A2 substrate), metoprolol (CYP2D6), flurbiprofen (CYP2C9), montelukast (CYP2C8), omeprazole (CYP2C19), midazolam (CYP3A4), digoxin (P-glycoprotein), and pravastatin (organic anion-transporting polypeptide), alone or with steady-state twice-daily DCV/ASV/BCV 30/200/75 mg (with or without additional BCV 75 mg to adjust for higher exposure in hepatitis C virus infection). Results Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir did not affect CYP1A2, CYP2C8, or CYP2C9; the probe maximum observed concentration and area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinite time geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals were all within the 0.8–1.25 bioequivalence range. Beclabuvir showed moderate dose-dependent CYP2C19 induction; omeprazole maximum observed concentration and area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to the last quantifiable concentration were lower with additional BCV [geometric mean ratio 0.36 (90% confidence interval 0.23–0.55) and 0.34 (0.25–0.46), respectively] than without [0.57 (0.42–0.78), 0.48 (0.39–0.59)]. Weak-to-moderate CYP3A4 induction was observed, plus weak CYP2D6, P-glycoprotein, and organic anion-transporting polypeptide inhibition [maximum observed concentration and area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinite time without additional BCV: midazolam 0.57 (0.50–0.65), 0.53 (0.47–0.60); metoprolol 1.40 (1.20–1.64), 1.71 (1.49–1.97); digoxin 1.23 (1.12–1.35), 1.23 (1.17–1.29); pravastatin 2.01 (1.63–2.47), 1.68 (1.43–1.97)]. Conclusions No dose adjustments with DCV/ASV/BCV are indicated for CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, or P-glycoprotein substrates. CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and OATP substrates should be co-administered with caution. Co-administration with agents solely metabolized by CYP2C19 is not recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40268-017-0222-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Garimella
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Xiaolu Tao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Karen Sims
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Chang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jignasa Rana
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Elsa Myers
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Eley
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Frank LaCreta
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Malaz AbuTarif
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
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14
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Meyer KJ, Caton E, Shapiro TA. Model System Identifies Kinetic Driver of Hsp90 Inhibitor Activity against African Trypanosomes and Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e00056-18. [PMID: 29866861 PMCID: PMC6105818 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00056-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 inhibitors, well studied in the laboratory and clinic for antitumor indications, have promising activity against protozoan pathogens, including Trypanosoma brucei which causes African sleeping sickness, and the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum To progress these experimental drugs toward clinical use, we adapted an in vitro dynamic hollow-fiber system and deployed artificial pharmacokinetics to discover the driver of their activity: either concentration or time. The activities of compounds from three major classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in development were evaluated against trypanosomes. In all circumstances, the activities of the tested Hsp90 inhibitors were concentration driven. By optimally deploying the drug to match its kinetic driver, the efficacy of a given dose was improved up to 5-fold, and maximal efficacy was achieved with a significantly lower drug exposure. The superiority of concentration-driven regimens was evident in vitro over several logs of drug exposure and was predictive of efficacy in a mouse model of African trypanosomiasis. In studies with P. falciparum, antimalarial activity was similarly concentration driven. This experimental strategy offers an expedient and versatile translational tool to assess the impact of pharmacokinetics on antiprotozoal activity. Knowing kinetic governance early in drug development provides an additional metric for judging lead compounds and allows the incisive design of animal efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J Meyer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Caton
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa A Shapiro
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Antognelli C, Cecchetti R, Riuzzi F, Peirce MJ, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase 1 sustains the metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer cells via EMT control. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2865-2883. [PMID: 29504694 PMCID: PMC5908125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Effective therapeutic intervention in metastatic PCa is undermined by our poor understanding of its molecular aetiology. Defining the mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis may lead to insights into how to decrease morbidity and mortality in this disease. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the detoxification enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and argpyrimidine (AP) are AGEs originating from MG-mediated post-translational modification of proteins at arginine residues. AP is involved in the control of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial determinant of cancer metastasis and invasion, whose regulation mechanisms in malignant cells are still emerging. Here, we uncover a novel mechanism linking Glo1 to the maintenance of the metastatic phenotype of PCa cells by controlling EMT by engaging the tumour suppressor miR-101, MG-H1-AP and TGF-β1/Smad signalling. Moreover, circulating levels of Glo1, miR-101, MG-H1-AP and TGF-β1 in patients with metastatic compared with non-metastatic PCa support our in vitro results, demonstrating their clinical relevance. We suggest that Glo1, together with miR-101, might be potential therapeutic targets for metastatic PCa, possibly by metformin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Rodolfo Cecchetti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Matthew J. Peirce
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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16
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Chiu CJ, Rabbani N, Rowan S, Chang ML, Sawyer S, Hu FB, Willett W, Thornalley PJ, Anwar A, Bar L, Kang JH, Taylor A. Studies of advanced glycation end products and oxidation biomarkers for type 2 diabetes. Biofactors 2018; 44:281-288. [PMID: 29718545 PMCID: PMC8527553 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed upon nonenzymatic reactions of sugars or their metabolites with proteins and other cellular constituents. Many AGEs are long lived. Recent findings suggest that AGEs may predict diabetes and its complications and thus may warrant further study. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of our experimental procedures for measuring AGEs in stored blood sample and to conduct a pilot study for developing AGE biomarkers for diabetes and/or age-related changes of glucose metabolism. We conducted a reliability study of the samples and methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS assays for 10 AGEs (including methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1), glucosepane (GSP) and two oxidation measures, in stored repository blood samples from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We also analyzed data relating blood GSP levels to type 2 diabetes status in a case-control study (25 cases and 15 controls). Among the AGEs, GSP, and MG-H1 showed the highest reliability across the various measures: reliability in duplicate samples and stability with delayed processing and storage over 1-2 year period. Furthermore, plasma GSP was associated with older age (P = 0.04) and type 2 diabetes status (age-adjusted P = 0.0475). Our findings suggest that analysis of these AGEs may be developed as biomarkers for diabetes and/or age-related changes of glucose metabolism. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):281-288, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Chiu
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Addresses for correspondence: Chung-Jung Chiu, DDS PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3157, FAX: 617-556-3132; . and Allen Taylor, PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3156, FAX: 617-556-3132;
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Zeeman Institute of Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Proteomics Research Technology Plateform, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, UK
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min-Lee Chang
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherilyn Sawyer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Zeeman Institute of Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Attia Anwar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Zeeman Institute of Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Addresses for correspondence: Chung-Jung Chiu, DDS PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3157, FAX: 617-556-3132; . and Allen Taylor, PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3156, FAX: 617-556-3132;
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update researchers of recently discovered metabolites of cholesterol and of its precursors and to suggest relevant metabolic pathways. RECENT FINDINGS Patients suffering from inborn errors of sterol biosynthesis, transport and metabolism display unusual metabolic pathways, which may be major routes in the diseased state but minor in the healthy individual. Although quantitatively minor, these pathways may still be important in healthy individuals. Four inborn errors of metabolism, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and Niemann Pick disease types B (NPB) and C (NPC) result from mutations in different genes but can generate elevated levels of the same sterol metabolite, 7-oxocholesterol, in plasma. How this molecule is metabolized further is of great interest as its metabolites may have an important role in embryonic development. A second metabolite, abundant in NPC and NPB diseases, cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (3β,5α,6β-triol), has recently been shown to be metabolized to the corresponding bile acid, 3β,5α,6β-trihydroxycholanoic acid, providing a diagnostic marker in plasma. The origin of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol is likely to be 3β-hydroxycholestan-5,6-epoxide, which can alternatively be metabolized to the tumour suppressor dendrogenin A (DDA). In breast tumours, DDA levels are found to be decreased compared with normal tissues linking sterol metabolism to cancer. SUMMARY Unusual sterol metabolites and pathways may not only provide markers of disease, but also clues towards cause and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
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18
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Nakagawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kozono A, Hanada K, Higashi T, Ueyama H. [A case of myasthenia-like symptoms induced by cibenzoline overdosage]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018; 58:41-44. [PMID: 29269691 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present patient was an 87-year-old man who had been taking cibenzoline for tachyarrhythmia. Five years after initiation of administration, he was referred to our hospital for ptosis that worsened from midday, as well as weakness of the facial and limb muscles. He tested negative for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody but positive in the edrophonium test, suggesting that he had myasthenia gravis. He was admitted to our hospital 3 years later due to worsening symptoms of ptosis and muscle weakness. He had hypoglycemia, cardiac conduction defect, and renal dysfunction. In addition, blood concentration of cibenzoline was markedly high (1,850 ng/ml). We terminated the administration of cibenzoline, after which the patient's neurologic symptoms improved. Our findings suggest that cibenzoline toxicity must be considered in differentiating myasthenia gravis when a patient also presents with renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital
| | | | - Aki Kozono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital
| | - Kiyonori Hanada
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital
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19
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Boglione L, De Nicolò A, Mornese Pinna S, Cusato J, Cariti G, Di Perri G, D'Avolio A. Daclatasvir Plasma Levels in a Cohort of Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Taking Methadone: A Prospective Analysis. Eur Addict Res 2018; 24:184-188. [PMID: 30099441 DOI: 10.1159/000491646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Backround: The effect of methadone (MET) during therapy with novel direct-acting antiviral agents is still not fully understood. Currently, no data are available about the influence of MET on daclatasvir (DCV) plasma levels in patients affected by chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim of this study was to assess the DCV plasma concentrations in patients treated with sofosbuvir (SOF) plus DCV, with or without ribavirin (RBV) and with or without MET. METHODS In this analysis, 47 patients were included, treated consecutively with SOF + DCV ± RBV for 24 weeks, from May to October 2015; 22 (46.8%) received MET substitutive therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We found a significant difference in DCV levels at 2 weeks and 1 month: 150 ng/mL in patients without MET and 313 ng/mL with MET at 2 weeks (p < 0.001), 149 and 279 ng/mL at 1 month (p = 0.006). DCV levels were lower in cirrhotic patients (p < 0.001); among cirrhotic patients we also evidenced higher DCV concentrations in patients receiving MET at 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p = 0.031, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the only predictive factor associated with DCV plasma levels was the presence of MET. The reason for this increased DCV exposure is unclear; on the clinical side, we have not observed significant adverse events related to the reduction or increase of MET plasma levels. The administration of MET in patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis leads to an early increase of DCV plasma level without significant clinical effects or toxicity.
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20
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Shiraki M, Tanaka S, Suzuki H, Ueda S, Nakamura T. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and changes in bone metabolism associated with zoledronic acid treatment in Japanese patients with primary osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:675-684. [PMID: 28000034 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although once-yearly intravenous administration of zoledronic acid has been reported to inhibit bone resorption and increase bone mineral density, no studies have evaluated its effectiveness in treating osteoporosis in Japanese patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and assess the safety of and changes in bone metabolism associated with zoledronic acid treatment in Japanese patients with primary osteoporosis. This was a single-administration study with a single-blind parallel-group design. The study participants were 24 Japanese patients with primary osteoporosis. The patients were divided into two groups, with each group receiving a single injection of zoledronic acid (4 or 5 mg). Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion were then compared, and drug-related adverse events and changes in the levels of bone turnover markers were assessed at 12 months. Mean plasma concentrations of zoledronic acid peaked in both groups immediately after administration, and decreased to 1% or less of peak levels after 24 h. Noncompartmental analysis revealed that C max and the area under the curve from time zero to infinity increased in proportion to the dose. The levels of bone resorption and formation markers decreased from day 15 and from 3 months after administration respectively, and suppression of these markers remained constant for the entire study period. No serious adverse events were reported. There was no large difference between the 4- and 5-mg groups in terms of pharmacokinetics, changes in the levels of bone turnover markers, and safety profiles. This study demonstrated acceptable pharmacokinetics and changes in bone metabolism associated with zoledronic acid treatment in female Japanese osteoporosis patients. Both the 4-mg dose and the 5-mg dose demonstrated acceptable safety and sustained antiresorptive effects for the duration of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shiraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, 1610-1 Meisei, Misato, Azumino, Nagano, 399-8101, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 1-105 Kanda, Jinbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 1-105 Kanda, Jinbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan
| | - Satoko Ueda
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 1-105 Kanda, Jinbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8101, Japan
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21
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Marbury TC, Berg JK, Dove LS, Covington PS. Effect of Hepatic Impairment on Eluxadoline Pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57:1454-1459. [PMID: 28719721 PMCID: PMC5655746 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul S. Covington
- Former employee of Furiex Pharmaceuticals, Incan affiliate of Allergan plcParsippanyNJUSA
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22
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Di Salvo A, Giorgi M, Lee HK, Vercelli C, Rueca F, Marinucci MT, Rocca GD. Plasma profile of cimicoxib in sheep after oral administration at two different rates. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:535-538. [PMID: 29166275 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sheep are often subjected to painful procedures and thus they need to be treated with analgesics. Nevertheless, knowledges about pharmacokinetic features of these drugs in this species are poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma behaviour of cimicoxib in sheep after a single oral administration at two different dose rates (4 and 6 mg/kg). Maximum plasma concentrations of cimicoxib were equal to 273.78 (median value; range 189.00-567.32) and 565.01 (range 308.27-822.59) ng/mL after treatment with 4 and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The time of maximum concentration (Tmax) was achieved between 4 and 10 hours following treatment at the lower dose, and between 6 and 10 hours after the administration of the higher dose, with one sheep achieving the concentration peak at 0.75 hours. The slow absorption and the great individual variability in plasma concentration, probably due to ruminal effects, suggest that cimicoxib is not suitable for oral treatment in sheep.
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23
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Ferraz Nogueira Filho MA, Peer CJ, Nguyen J, McCalla A, Helman L, Figg WD. A simple and rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of the dual aurora kinase A/B inhibitor SCH-1473759 in murine plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 132:223-226. [PMID: 27768921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Aurora kinase family facilitates cell division through various processes and is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers, leading to aneuploidy. For that reason, these enzymes are currently targets of a rising class of anticancer drugs, with some molecules already in therapeutic use. In this study, a new UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantitate a new pan Aurora kinase inhibitor still in preclinical development, SCH-1473759. This bioanalytical method employed a liquid-liquid extraction from plasma using ethyl acetate before evaporation. Calibration range encompassed 0.5-2500ng/mL. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were assessed over five quality control levels; all within limits required by the FDA guidelines. Assay applicability was demonstrated in a first-in-animals study with oral administration, where the maximum plasma concentration (34ng/mL) occurred at 1h, the half-life (1h) was consistent with a previous IV study, and oral bioavailability was poor (F=0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ferraz Nogueira Filho
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffers Nguyen
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy McCalla
- Molecular Oncology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lee Helman
- Molecular Oncology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Scarpelli M, Bruce JY, Carmichael L, Eickhoff J, Kolesar J, Perlman S, Jeraj R, Liu G. 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging in patients with advanced solid malignancies treated with axitinib on an intermittent dosing regimen. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1245-1252. [PMID: 27817059 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study utilizes FLT PET/CT imaging to characterize changes in tumor cell proliferation and vasculature during intermittent treatment with VEGR-TKI axitinib. METHODS Patients with metastatic solid malignancies underwent 3-week treatment cycles with axitinib (7 and 5 mg BID for safety and pharmacodynamic cohorts, respectively). Cycles consisted of 2 weeks of treatment (dosing period) followed by a 1-week treatment break (washout period). Patients in the pharmacodynamic cohort had up to six FLT PET/CT scans (three scans in each cycle 1 and cycle 3) and had plasma VEGF concentrations measured at imaging timepoints. Changes in tumor SUVs and VEGF within and across drug cycles were investigated. RESULTS Eight patients enrolled in the safety cohort where it was determined 7 mg axitinib was not tolerable due to severe adverse events, including three patients who experienced significant hypertension and thrombovascular effects. Sixteen patients enrolled in the pharmacodynamic cohort demonstrated significant decreases in SUVs and increases in VEGF during dosing periods. This was followed by significant increases in SUVs and decreases in VEGF during drug washout periods. No significant differences in SUVs or VEGF were found when comparing cycle 1 with cycle 3. A mixed effects model demonstrated significant negative correlation between SUV and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Response to axitinib included diminished FLT uptake during dosing periods followed by increased FLT uptake during drug washout periods. These changes were not different when comparing treatment cycle 1 versus cycle 3, suggesting that the pharmacodynamic effect of intermittent axitinib is similar across multiple drug cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scarpelli
- Department of Medical Physics, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 1005, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Justine Yang Bruce
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 7105, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - Lakeesha Carmichael
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, K6/422 Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin, MC 4675, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jens Eickhoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, K6/422 Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin, MC 4675, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jill Kolesar
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, K4/554 Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Scott Perlman
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Box 3252, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Robert Jeraj
- Department of Medical Physics, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 1005, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Glenn Liu
- Department of Medical Physics, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 1005, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Room 7105, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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25
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Kadi AA, Darwish HW, Attwa MW, Amer SM. Validated LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Ponatinib in Plasma: Application to Metabolic Stability. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164967. [PMID: 27764191 PMCID: PMC5072736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, a rapid, specific, sensitive and validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of ponatinib (PNT) in human plasma and rat liver microsomes (RLMs) with its application to metabolic stability. Chromatographic separation of PNT and vandetanib (IS) were accomplished on Agilent eclipse plus C18 analytical column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) maintained at 21±2°C. Flow rate was 0.25 mLmin-1 with run time of 4 min. Mobile phase consisted of solvent A (10 mM ammonium formate, pH adjusted to 4.1 with formic acid) and solvent B (acetonitrile). Ions were generated by electrospray (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used as basis for quantification. The results revealed a linear calibration curve in the range of 5–400 ngmL-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9998) with lower limit of quantification (LOQ) and lower limit of detection (LOD) of 4.66 and 1.53 ngmL-1 in plasma, 4.19 and 1.38 ngmL-1 in RLMs. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy in plasma ranged from1.06 to 2.54% and -1.48 to -0.17, respectively. Whereas in RLMs ranged from 0.97 to 2.31% and -1.65 to -0.3%. The developed procedure was applied for quantification of PNT in human plasma and RLMs for study metabolic stability of PNT. PNT disappeared rapidly in the 1st 10 minutes of RLM incubation and the disappearance plateaued out for the rest of the incubation. In vitro half-life (t1/2) was 6.26 min and intrinsic clearance (CLin) was 15.182± 0.477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M. Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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26
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Bifano M, Adamczyk R, Hwang C, Kandoussi H, Marion A, Bertz RJ. An open-label investigation into drug-drug interactions between multiple doses of daclatasvir and single-dose cyclosporine or tacrolimus in healthy subjects. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 35:281-9. [PMID: 25896946 PMCID: PMC4544506 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-015-0279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver transplantation. Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with cyclosporine and tacrolimus hindered the use of first-generation protease inhibitors in transplant recipients. The current study investigated DDIs between daclatasvir—a pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor with clinical efficacy in multiple regimens (including all-oral)—and cyclosporine or tacrolimus in healthy subjects. Methods Healthy fasted subjects (aged 18–49 years; body mass index 18–32 kg/m2) received single oral doses of cyclosporine 400 mg on days 1 and 9, and daclatasvir 60 mg once daily on days 4–11 (group 1, n = 14), or a single oral dose of tacrolimus 5 mg on days 1 and 13, and daclatasvir 60 mg once daily on days 8–19 (group 2, n = 14). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis [by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)] were collected on days 1 and 9 for cyclosporine (72 h), on days 1 and 13 for tacrolimus (168 h) and on days 8 and 9 (group 1) or on days 12 and 13 (group 2) for daclatasvir (24 h). Plasma concentrations were determined by validated LC–MS/MS methods. Results Daclatasvir did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, and tacrolimus did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of daclatasvir. Co-administration of cyclosporine resulted in a 40 % increase in the area under the concentration–time curve of daclatasvir but did not affect its maximum observed concentration. Conclusion On the basis of these observations in healthy subjects, no clinically relevant DDIs between daclatasvir and cyclosporine or tacrolimus are anticipated in liver transplant recipients infected with HCV; dose adjustments during co-administration are unlikely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bifano
- />Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 311 Pennington Rock Hill Road, Hopewell, NJ 08534 USA
| | - Robert Adamczyk
- />Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 311 Pennington Rock Hill Road, Hopewell, NJ 08534 USA
| | - Carey Hwang
- />Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 311 Pennington Rock Hill Road, Hopewell, NJ 08534 USA
| | - Hamza Kandoussi
- />Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Lawrenceville, NJ USA
| | | | - Richard J. Bertz
- />Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 311 Pennington Rock Hill Road, Hopewell, NJ 08534 USA
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27
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Stivaktakis PD, Kavvalakis MP, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Panagiotakis MN, Fragkiadaki P, Vakonaki E, Ozcagli E, Hayes WA, Rakitskii VN, Tsatsakis AM. Long-term exposure of rabbits to imidaclorpid as quantified in blood induces genotoxic effect. Chemosphere 2016; 149:108-113. [PMID: 26855213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present in-vivo study focuses on the genotoxic effect of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid (IMI) in rabbits. The purpose of the study was to establish a possible relationship between exposure to the pesticide (dose and duration) and genotoxicity. Furthermore, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of IMI and its major metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-ClNA) in blood was developed and validated. The isolation of the two analytes from blood was performed by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. Analysis was performed by Liquid Chromatography - Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization - Mass Spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS). The method was applied on the determination of IMI and 6-ClNA in serum samples obtained from rabbits fed with the insecticide at two low doses. Furthermore, parameters of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated by measuring binucleated cells with micronuclei (BNMN), micronuclei (MN) and the Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI), in lymphocytes of exposed rabbits. The results revealed a genotoxic effect of IMI for both exposed groups. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of BNMN and MN between control and exposed groups but there was no dose-dependence, neither time-dependence of the genotoxic effect for the administered doses. This is the first time that long term exposure to IMI in rabbits was studied for the determination of its genotoxic effect. The genotoxic effect of IMI as it is depicted by the current study is in accordance with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis D Stivaktakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Matthaios P Kavvalakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael N Panagiotakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wallace A Hayes
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene Named After F.F. Erisman, Department of Pesticides Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Mytishch, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
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Chen Y, Rini BI, Bair AH, Mugundu GM, Pithavala YK. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of 24-h diastolic ambulatory blood pressure changes mediated by axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clin Pharmacokinet 2015; 54:397-407. [PMID: 25343945 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased blood pressure (BP) is commonly observed in patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors, including axitinib. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and pharmacokinetic data were collected in a randomised, double-blind phase II study of axitinib with or without dose titration in previously untreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE Aims of these analyses were to (1) develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for describing the relationship between axitinib exposure and changes in diastolic BP (dBP) and (2) simulate changes in dBP with different axitinib dosing regimens. METHODS We employed a three-stage modelling approach, which included development of (1) a baseline 24-h ABPM model, (2) a pharmacokinetic model from serial and sparse pharmacokinetic data, and (3) an indirect-response, maximum-effect (Emax) model to evaluate the exposure-driven effect of axitinib on dBP. Simulations (N = 1,000) were performed using the final pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to evaluate dBP changes on days 4 and 15 of treatment with different axitinib doses. RESULTS Baseline ABPM data from 62 patients were best described by 24-h mean dBP and two cosine terms. The final indirect-response Emax model showed good agreement between observed 24-h ABPM data and population and individual predictions. The maximum increase in dBP was 20.8 %, and the axitinib concentration at which 50 % of the maximal increase in dBP was reached was 12.4 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Our model adequately describes the relationship between axitinib exposure and dBP increases. Results from these analyses may potentially be applied to infer dBP changes in patients administered axitinib at nonstandard doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Pfizer Oncology, Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc, 10555 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA,
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Frew JA, Grue CE. Assessing the risk to green sturgeon from application of imidacloprid to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington--Part II: controlled exposure studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:2542-2548. [PMID: 26351255 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The activities of 2 species of burrowing shrimp have a negative impact on the growth and survival of oysters reared on intertidal mudflats in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington (USA). To maintain viable harvests, oyster growers proposed the application of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid onto harvested beds for the control of burrowing shrimp. In test applications, water column concentrations of imidacloprid were relatively low and dissipated rapidly. The foraging activities of the green sturgeon (listed in the US Endangered Species Act) could result in exposure to higher, more sustained imidacloprid concentrations within sediment porewater and from the consumption of contaminated shrimp. Controlled experiments were conducted using surrogate white sturgeon to determine acute and chronic effect concentrations, to examine overt effects at more environmentally realistic concentrations and durations of exposure, and to assess chemical depuration. The 96-h median lethal concentration was 124 mg L(-1) , and the predicted 35-d no-observed-adverse-effect concentration was 0.7 mg L(-1) . No overt effects were observed following environmentally relevant exposures. Imidacloprid half-life in plasma was greater than 32 h. Measured concentrations of imidacloprid in porewater were significantly lower than the derived acute and chronic effect concentrations for white sturgeon. Exposure risk quotients were calculated using the effect concentrations and estimated environmental exposure. The resulting values were considerably below the level of concern for direct effects from either acute or chronic exposure to an endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Frew
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christian E Grue
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, US Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Heier M, Margeirsdottir HD, Torjesen PA, Seljeflot I, Stensæth KH, Gaarder M, Brunborg C, Hanssen KF, Dahl-Jørgensen K. The advanced glycation end product methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 and early signs of atherosclerosis in childhood diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:139-45. [PMID: 25616705 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114560910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced protein glycation is an important mechanism for the development of late diabetic complications including atherosclerosis. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 is the most abundant advanced glycation end product in human plasma. AIM To investigate the relationship between methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 and early signs of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. METHODS A total of 314 diabetes patients aged 8-18 years were compared with 120 healthy controls. Serum methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 was measured by immunoassay. Atherosclerosis was evaluated by assessing carotid intima-media thickness by ultrasound, arterial stiffness by Young's modulus and inflammation by C-reactive protein. RESULTS Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 was significantly increased in the diabetes group compared with controls, 155.3 (standard deviation (SD) = 41.0) versus 143.0 (SD = 35.1) U/mL, p = 0.003, as was C-reactive protein, median 0.51 (0.27, 1.83) versus 0.31 (0.19, 0.67) mg/L, p < 0.001. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding carotid intima-media thickness or Young's modulus. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant positive association between methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 and C-reactive protein in the diabetes group. CONCLUSION Serum levels of methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 in diabetes patients are increased and associated with low-grade inflammation, but not yet arterial stiffness or wall thickness. This indicates that methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 may be important in the early phase of the accelerated atherosclerotic process in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heier
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Dis Margeirsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Peter Abusdal Torjesen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Center for Clinical Heart Research and Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Haakon Stensæth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario Gaarder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Folkvord Hanssen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
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Gribakina OG, Kolyvanov GB, Litvin AA, Smirnov VV, Shevchenko RV, Zherdev VP. [EVALUATION OF THE PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION OF AFOBAZOLE WITH CYP2C9 ENZYME DRUG SUBSTRATE OF CYTOCHROME P450]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2015; 78:18-22. [PMID: 27051923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the pharmacokinetics of drug-marker of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2C9 (losartan) and its metabolite E-3174 after subchronic oral administration of afobazole in doses 5 and 25 mg/kg in rats. The metabolic ratio (MR) of E-3174/Losartan was calculated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan and its metabolite on the background of 4-day afabazole administration 5 mg/kg dose were not significantly different from analogous values calculated for the control group of rats. Therefore, afobazole in the effective anxiolytic dose did not change the MR value of metabolized P450 isoform. A five-fold dose increase in the afobazole dose led to significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters, including A UC0-t, Cmax, Kel, t1/2el, MRT, CL/F, and Vd/F of losartan and AUC0-T, Cmax, and Tmax of E-3174. These findings are indicative of the induction of CYP2C9 isoenzyme by afobazole.
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Keck TM, Yang HJ, Bi GH, Huang Y, Zhang HY, Srivastava R, Gardner EL, Newman AH, Xi ZX. Fenobam sulfate inhibits cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behavior in rats: implications for addiction treatment in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 229:253-65. [PMID: 23615919 PMCID: PMC4191672 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) has been reported to be critically involved in drug reward and addiction. Because the mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) and 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) significantly inhibit addictivelike behaviors of cocaine and other drugs of abuse in experimental animals, it has been suggested that mGluR5 NAMs may have translational potential for treatment of addiction in humans. However, neither MPEP nor MTEP have been evaluated in humans due to their off-target actions and rapid metabolism. OBJECTIVES Herein, we evaluate a potential candidate for translational addiction research: a new sulfate salt formulation of fenobam, a selective mGluR5 NAM that has been investigated in humans. RESULTS In rats, fenobam sulfate had superior pharmacokinetics compared to the free base, with improved maximal plasma concentration (C max) and longer half life. Oral (p.o.) administration of fenobam sulfate (30 or 60 mg/kg) inhibited intravenous (i.v.) cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, and cocaine-associated cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Fenobam sulfate also inhibited p.o. sucrose self-administration and sucrose-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behavior, but had no effect on locomotion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional support for the role of mGluR5 signaling in cocaine addiction and suggests that fenobam sulfate may have translational potential in medication development for the treatment of cocaine addiction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Hong-Ju Yang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Ratika Srivastava
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Eliot L. Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
- Corresponding authors: Z.-X. Xi – Phone: (443) 740-2517. Fax: (443) 740-2781. ; A. H. Newman – Phone: (443) 740-2887. Fax: (443) 740-2111.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA 21224
- Corresponding authors: Z.-X. Xi – Phone: (443) 740-2517. Fax: (443) 740-2781. ; A. H. Newman – Phone: (443) 740-2887. Fax: (443) 740-2111.
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Sonnichsen D, Dorer DJ, Cortes J, Talpaz M, Deininger MW, Shah NP, Kantarjian HM, Bixby D, Mauro MJ, Flinn IW, Litwin J, Turner CD, Haluska FG. Analysis of the potential effect of ponatinib on the QTc interval in patients with refractory hematological malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:1599-607. [PMID: 23609479 PMCID: PMC3668123 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiac dysfunction, particularly QT interval prolongation, has been observed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. This study examines the effects of ponatinib on cardiac repolarization in patients with refractory hematological malignancies enrolled in a phase 1 trial. Methods Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were collected at 3 dose levels (30, 45, and 60 mg) at 6 time points. Electrocardiographic parameters, including QTc interval, were measured, and 11 morphological analyses were conducted. Central tendency analyses of ECG parameters were performed using time-point and time-averaged approaches. All patients with at least 2 baseline ECGs and 1 on-treatment ECG were included in the analyses. Patients with paired ECGs and plasma samples were included in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to examine the relationship between ponatinib plasma concentration and change from baseline in QT intervals. Results Thirty-nine patients at the 30-, 45-, and 60-mg dose levels were included in the central tendency and morphological analyses. There was no significant effect on cardiac repolarization, as evidenced by non-clinically significant mean QTcF changes from baseline of −10.9, −3.6, and −5.0 ms for the 30-, 45-, and 60-mg dose levels, respectively. The morphological analysis revealed 2 patients with atrial fibrillation and 2 with T wave inversion. Seventy-five patients were included in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis across all dose levels. The slope of the relationship for QTcF versus plasma ponatinib concentration was not positive (−0.0171), indicating no exposure–effect relationship. Conclusions Ponatinib is associated with a low risk of QTc prolongation in patients with refractory hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Sonnichsen
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Sonnichsen Pharmaceutical Associates, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - David J. Dorer
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Michael W. Deininger
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Present Address: Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Neil P. Shah
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dale Bixby
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Michael J. Mauro
- Data Safety Monitoring Committee, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Ian W. Flinn
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Program, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | | | - Frank G. Haluska
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of multiple-dose oral administration of azimilide dihydrochloride on CYP2C19-mediated metabolism. A two-period, randomized crossover study was conducted in 40 healthy male subjects who were phenotyped as extensive CYP2C19 metabolizers. Oral doses of placebo or 125 mg of azimilide dihydrochloride were administered every 12 hours for 3 days, followed by every 24 hours for 5 days; 20 mg omeprazole was coadministered on Day 8. Blood or plasma samples were obtained over 24 hours and analyzed for azimilide or omeprazole/5-hydroxyomeprazole using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using "noncompartmental" analysis. Azimilide blood concentrations observed in this study were similar to those previously observed at steady state in patients. Based on AUC(m)/AUC(p) for omeprazole, azimilide does not significantly inhibit CYP2C19-mediated metabolism (90% confidence interval [CI] = 104%-111%). For 5-hydroxyomeprazole, no significant changes in pharmacokinetics were observed. For omeprazole, a statistically significant decrease ( approximately 12%) was observed for AUC. However, this change was small and is not expected to be clinically important since the CI was contained within those used to establish bioequivalence. These results indicate that azimilide does not inhibit CYP2C19-mediated metabolism. Since this isozyme had the lowest in vitro IC(50) values for the cytochrome P450s most commonly involved with the metabolism of drugs (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4), azimilide-related drug interactions mediated via these isozymes are not anticipated.
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Abstract
CS-866, a novel angiotensin II receptor blocker, is rapidly and completely metabolized to RNH-6270, its active metabolite. The pharmacokinetics of RNH-6270 following oral CS-866 or intravenous RNH-6270 administration was determined in 104 healthy male volunteers. The pharmacokinetics of RNH-6270 was linear over dose ranges of 1 to 32 mg (intravenous RNH-6270 administration) and 10 to 160 mg (oral CS-866 administration). The time to maximum plasma concentration of RNH-6270 after oral CS-866 administration ranged from 1.4 to 2.8 hours, and the terminal elimination half-life ranged from 12 to 18 hours. Absolute bioavailability of RNH-6270 after oral administration of CS-866 was 26%. Administration of CS-866 once daily for 10 days did not result in drug accumulation. When administered intravenously, RNH-6270 has a volume of distribution of 15 to 25 L. Approximately 35% to 50% of RNH-6270 is excreted unchanged in the urine. CS-866 was safe and well tolerated at doses of up to 160 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Schwocho
- Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, New Jersey 08837, USA
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Yamaoka M, Hara T, Hitaka T, Kaku T, Takeuchi T, Takahashi J, Asahi S, Miki H, Tasaka A, Kusaka M. Orteronel (TAK-700), a novel non-steroidal 17,20-lyase inhibitor: effects on steroid synthesis in human and monkey adrenal cells and serum steroid levels in cynomolgus monkeys. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 129:115-28. [PMID: 22249003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Surgical or pharmacologic methods to control gonadal androgen biosynthesis are effective approaches in the treatment of a variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. For example, androgen ablation and its consequent reduction in circulating levels of testosterone is an effective therapy for advanced prostate cancers. Unfortunately, the therapeutic effectiveness of this approach is often temporary because of disease progression to the 'castration resistant' (CRPC) state, a situation for which there are limited treatment options. One mechanism thought to be responsible for the development of CRPC is extra-gonadal androgen synthesis and the resulting impact of these residual extra-gonadal androgens on prostate tumor cell proliferation. An important enzyme responsible for the synthesis of extra-gonadal androgens is CYP17A1 which possesses both 17,20-lyase and 17-hydroxylase catalytic activities with the 17,20-lyase activity being key in the androgen biosynthetic process. Orteronel (TAK-700), a novel, selective, and potent inhibitor of 17,20-lyase is under development as a drug to inhibit androgen synthesis. In this study, we quantified the inhibitory activity and specificity of orteronel for testicular and adrenal androgen production by evaluating its effects on CYP17A1 enzymatic activity, steroid production in monkey adrenal cells and human adrenal tumor cells, and serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and testosterone after oral dosing in castrated and intact male cynomolgus monkeys. We report that orteronel potently suppresses androgen production in monkey adrenal cells but only weakly suppresses corticosterone and aldosterone production; the IC(50) value of orteronel for cortisol was ~3-fold higher than that for DHEA. After single oral dosing, serum levels of DHEA, cortisol, and testosterone were rapidly suppressed in intact cynomolgus monkeys. In castrated monkeys treated twice daily with orteronel, suppression of DHEA and testosterone persisted throughout the treatment period. In both in vivo models and in agreement with our in vitro data, suppression of serum cortisol levels following oral dosing was less than that seen for DHEA. In terms of human CYP17A1 and human adrenal tumor cells, orteronel inhibited 17,20-lyase activity 5.4 times more potently than 17-hydroxylase activity in cell-free enzyme assays and DHEA production 27 times more potently than cortisol production in human adrenal tumor cells, suggesting greater specificity of inhibition between 17,20-lyase and 17-hydroxylase activities in humans vs monkeys. In summary, orteronel potently inhibited the 17,20-lyase activity of monkey and human CYP17A1 and reduced serum androgen levels in vivo in monkeys. These findings suggest that orteronel may be an effective therapeutic option for diseases where androgen suppression is critical, such as androgen sensitive and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Yamaoka
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
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Belal F, El-Brashy AM, El-Enany N, Tolba MM. Liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of eprosartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets and human plasma. J AOAC Int 2011; 94:823-832. [PMID: 21797010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new, specific, and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eprosartan (EPR) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). Good chromatographic separation was achieved using a 250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm particle size Symmetry C18 column. The mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1 M phosphate buffer (35+65, v/v), pH 4.5, was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with UV detection at 275 nm. The method showed good linearity in the ranges of 0.5-50 and 0.1-10 microg/mL, with LOD of 0.06 and 0.02 microg/mL and LOQ of 0.20 and 0.08 microg/mL for EPR and HCT, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their synthetic mixture and co-formulated tablets. The method was further extended to the in vitro and in vivo determination of the two drugs in spiked and real human plasma. Interference likely to be encountered from the co-administered drugs was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla Belal
- University of Mansoura, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Feng Z, Zou Q, Tan X, Che W, Zhang Z. Determination of fenticonazole enantiomers by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in female rats. Arzneimittelforschung 2011; 61:587-593. [PMID: 22164967 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and specific high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of fenticonazole (CAS 72479-26-6) enantiomers in rat plasma. Simple protein precipitation by acetonitrile was utilized for extracting analytes from the plasma samples. Chromatography separation was performed on a C18 analytical column (150 mm x 2.0 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-10 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (adjusted to pH 3.5 with acetic acid) (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) source, and operated in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves were linear over the range 0.5 -200 ng/ml (r > 0.99). The relative recoveries of R-(-)-fenticonazole and its enantiomer were better than 85%. The intra- and inter-day precisions (R.S.D.%) and deviations of the assay accuracies were less than 10%. This newly developed and validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies after administration at a single dose of 20 mg/ kg R-(-)-fenticonazole nitrate and its enantiomer to female rats per vagina. The Cmax value of S-(+)-fenticonazole was greater than that of R-(-)-fenticonazole by 1.36-fold, whereas, the t(1/2) beta and MRT values of R-(-)-fenticonazole were longer than those of its enantiomer by 1.95- and 1.24-fold. The results indicated that S-(+)-fenticonazole was faster in absorption and elimination in female rat. But, the Tmax and AUC(0-12) values for each of fenticonazole enantiomers were not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, PR China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Etamicastat is a novel, potent, and reversible peripheral dopamine-β-hydroxylase inhibitor that has been administered orally at doses up to 600 mg once daily for 10 days to male healthy volunteers and appears to be well tolerated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of etamicastat. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single-center, open-label, randomized, two-way crossover study in 12 healthy male subjects was performed. Subjects were administered a single dose of etamicastat 200 mg following either a standard high-fat and high-calorie content meal (test) or 10 hours of fasting (reference). The statistical method for testing the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic parameters of interest was based upon the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the test/reference geometric mean ratio (GMR). The parameters of interest were maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUC(last)), and AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC(∞)). Bioequivalence was assumed when the 90% CI fell within the recommended acceptance interval (80, 125). RESULTS Etamicastat C(max), AUC(last), and AUC(∞) were 229 ng/mL, 1856 ng · h/mL, and 2238 ng · h/mL, respectively, following etamicastat in the fasting, and 166 ng/mL, 1737 ng · h/mL, and 2119 ng · h/mL, respectively, following etamicastat in the fed condition. Etamicastat test/reference GMR was 72.27% (90% CI 64.98, 80.38) for C(max), 93.59% (90% CI 89.28, 98.11) for AUC(last), and 96.47% (90% CI 91.67, 101.53) for AUC(∞). Time to C(max) was prolonged by the presence of food (p < 0.001). The C(max), AUC(last), and AUC(∞) values of the inactive metabolite BIA 5-961 were 275 ng/mL, 1827 ng · h/mL, and 2009 ng · h/mL, respectively, in the fasting, and 172 ng/mL, 1450 ng · h/mL, and 1677 ng · h/mL, respectively, in the fed condition. BIA 5-961 test/reference GMR was 62.42% (90% CI 56.77, 68.63) for C(max), 79.41% (90% CI 56.77, 68.63) for AUC(last), and 83.47% (90% CI 76.62, 90.93) for AUC(∞). A total of six mild to moderate unspecific adverse events were reported by four subjects. There was no clinically significant abnormality in laboratory assessments. CONCLUSION Etamicastat was well tolerated. The C(max) of etamicastat decreased 28% following oral administration of etamicastat in the presence of food, while AUC remained within the pre-defined acceptance interval. The delay in absorption and decrease in peak exposure of etamicastat is not clinically significant, and therefore etamicastat could be administered without regard to meals. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT No. 2007-006530-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vaz-da-Silva
- />Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Co., SA, À Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Teresa Nunes
- />Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Co., SA, À Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - José F. Rocha
- />Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Co., SA, À Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Amilcar Falcão
- />Faculty of Pharmacy & CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Almeida
- />Health Sciences Section, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patricio Soares-da-Silval
- />Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Co., SA, À Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
- />Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Athanaselis S, Pistos C, Maravelias C, Spiliopoulou C. A fully validated method for the determination of vardenafil in blood using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2011; 46:71-76. [PMID: 21184398 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vardenafil (VDN) is one of the three commercially available phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and it is mainly used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. A sensitive and specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the determination of VDN in blood has been developed and validated. Sample preparation included solid-phase extraction and derivatization with N-methyl-N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and 1% tert-butyldimethylsilylchloride (TBDMSCl). Protriptyline was used as the internal standard for this assay. Limits of detection and quantification for VDN were 0.70 and 2.00 µg/l, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the dynamic range 2.00-200.0 µg/l with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.991. Absolute recovery ranged from 88.6% to 95.7% for the analyte of interest at three quality control levels. Intra- and inter-day accuracy was found to be between - 6.1% to 10.8% and - 9.3% to 11.6%, respectively, whereas intra- and inter-day precision was < 7.8% and 9.7%, correspondingly. The proposed method is the first fully validated GC/MS method for the determination of VDN in blood samples and it can be used in routine every day analysis by clinical and forensic laboratories for pharmacokinetic studies, for therapeutic drug level monitoring or for the investigation of related forensic cases. A few blood samples analyzed using the developed method is reported herein to demonstrate the suitability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papoutsis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Evans L, Aarons L, Brearley C. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for a platelet activating factor antagonist based on data arising from Phase I studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:183-9. [PMID: 15720781 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach was used to analyse pharmacokinetic and pharma-codynamic data from two Phase I studies of a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist under development for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Data for single-dose (8 subjects) and multiple-dose (9 subjects) administration were available for analysis with a program based on an EM algorithm. Pharmacokinetic analyses of plasma drug concentrations were performed using a biexponential model with first-order absorption. PAF response data were modelled with a hyperbolic Emax model. The drug showed nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with the clearance decreasing from 46.0 to 27.1 L h−1 over a dose range of 160–480 mg. There was an apparent dose dependency within the C50 (concentration producing 50% of the maximum effect) but at higher doses most of the data was above the estimated C50 and when the data was analysed simultaneously a value of 17.57 ng mL−1 was obtained for C50, with considerable intersubject variability (103%). Consistent results were obtained from the two studies and the population and individual pharmacodynamic parameter estimates from the analyses provided predicted responses that were in good agreement with the observed data. The results were used to simulate a 320-mg twice-daily dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Evans
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Pithavala YK, Tortorici M, Toh M, Garrett M, Hee B, Kuruganti U, Ni G, Klamerus KJ. Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of Axitinib (AG-013736) in Japanese and Caucasian healthy volunteers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 65:563-70. [PMID: 19603168 PMCID: PMC2797436 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Axitinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, 3, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and glucuronidation. This study evaluated the effect of rifampin, a potent inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes, on axitinib plasma pharmacokinetics. Equal numbers of Japanese and Caucasian subjects were enrolled to assess the potential differences in axitinib pharmacokinetics between the two ethnicities. METHODS Forty healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 5 mg axitinib alone and with 600 mg rifampin. RESULTS Rifampin expectedly decreased AUCinf and Cmax of axitinib (geometric mean reduced by 79 and 71%, respectively). However, differences in axitinib pharmacokinetics were not observed between Japanese and Caucasian subjects (geometric mean ratios for axitinib treatment alone for AUCinf and Cmax were 103 and 96%). CONCLUSIONS The results support a common axitinib starting dose in both populations. Potent inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes reduce axitinib exposure and dose adjustments may be needed for optimal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Pithavala
- Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 101646 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Vale N, Prudêncio M, Marques CA, Collins MS, Gut J, Nogueira F, Matos J, Rosenthal PJ, Cushion MT, do Rosário VE, Mota MM, Moreira R, Gomes P. Imidazoquines as antimalarial and antipneumocystis agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7800-7. [PMID: 19799426 PMCID: PMC2788672 DOI: 10.1021/jm900738c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomimetic imidazolidin-4-one derivatives of primaquine (imidazoquines) recently displayed in vitro activity against blood schizonts of a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Preliminary studies with a subset of such imidazoquines showed them to both block transmission of P. berghei malaria from mouse to mosquito and be highly stable toward hydrolysis at physiological conditions. This prompted us to have deeper insight into the activity of imidazoquines against both Plasmodia and Pneumocystis carinii, on which primaquine is also active. Full assessment of the in vivo transmission-blocking activity of imidazoquines, in vitro tissue-schizontocidal activity on P. berghei-infected hepatocytes, and in vitro anti-P. carinii activity is now reported. All compounds were active in these biological assays, with generally lower activity than the parent drug. However, imidazoquines' stability against both oxidative deamination and proteolytic degradation suggest that they will probably have higher oral bioavailability and lower hematotoxicity than primaquine, which might translate into higher therapeutic indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- CIQUP – Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Unidade de Malária, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Marques
- Unidade de Malária, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margaret S. Collins
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0560, USA
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, CA 94143-0811, USA
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, IHMT - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Matos
- CIQUP – Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, CA 94143-0811, USA
| | - Melanie T. Cushion
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0560, USA
| | - Virgílio E. do Rosário
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, IHMT - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Mota
- Unidade de Malária, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- iMed.UL, CECF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1600-083 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- CIQUP – Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Fosmark DS, Berg JP, Jensen AB, Sandvik L, Agardh E, Agardh CD, Hanssen KF. Increased retinopathy occurrence in type 1 diabetes patients with increased serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct hydroimidazolone. Acta Ophthalmol 2009; 87:498-500. [PMID: 18631328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate associations between serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and retinopathy in a sample of patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a Scandinavian ophthalmology outpatient clinic on 61 randomly selected patients with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples and retinal photographs were taken at the same visit. Serum levels of hydroimidazolone immunoreactivity were determined using an immunoassay, and levels of retinopathy were determined from seven standard field stereo photographs of each eye according to the ETDRS method. Results were compared between patients with and without retinopathy. RESULTS Hydroimidazolone quartiles were significantly associated with retinopathy (p = 0.013). The most profound increase in occurrence of retinopathy was observed from the lowest to the second-lowest hydroimidazolone quartile. Adjusted for duration of diabetes using logistic regression, a significant difference in the presence of retinopathy was found when comparing the lowest quartile with the rest (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS In our patients with type 1 diabetes, serum levels of hydroimidazolone were found to be associated with retinopathy. This is in keeping with findings in a larger sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag S Fosmark
- Diabetes Research Centre, Aker and Ullevål University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway.
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Kilhovd BK, Juutilainen A, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Torjesen PA, Hanssen KF, Laakso M. Increased serum levels of methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-AGE are associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality in nondiabetic women. Atherosclerosis 2009; 205:590-4. [PMID: 19185865 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the levels of methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone AGE modified proteins (MG-H1-AGE) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in an 18-year follow-up study in Finnish nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. METHODS The study design was a nested case-control study. Serum MG-H1-AGE levels in samples drawn at baseline were measured with a DELFIA type immunoassay in 220 diabetic subjects and 61 nondiabetic subjects who died from CVD during the follow-up, and age- and gender-matched 157 diabetic subjects and 159 nondiabetic subjects who did not die from CVD. RESULTS In type 2 diabetic subjects serum MG-H1-AGE levels were similar in subjects who died from CVD and in subjects who did not, 32.6 (24.6-42.1) (median (interquartile range)) vs. 31.3 (22.5-40.7)U/mL (p=0.281). In nondiabetic subjects serum MG-H1 levels were significantly higher in subjects who died from CVD than in subjects who were alive, 35.4 (28.1-44.7) vs. 31.3 (24.2-38.6)U/mL (p=0.025). Corresponding MG-H1 levels were 41.2 (35.6-58.7) vs. 31.1 (26.7-35.7)U/mL, p=0.003, in women, and 34.4 (26.3-41.2) vs. 32.0 (22.8-40.3)U/mL, p=0.270, in men. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of serum levels of MG-H1-AGE with CVD mortality in nondiabetic women (adjusted p=0.021), but not in nondiabetic men. CONCLUSIONS Our 18-year follow-up study shows that high baseline serum levels of MG-H1 type of AGE modified proteins were associated with CVD mortality in nondiabetic women, but not in nondiabetic men or in diabetic subjects.
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Holt RJ, Newman RL. The treatment of urinary candidosis with the oral antifungal drugs 5-fluorocytosine and 'clotrimazole'. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 2008; 27:70-9. [PMID: 4566706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1972.tb09777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chen SH, Wu CF, Chen BM, Pei Q, Tan HY, Yang L, Yang GP. [High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining olmesartan in human plasma]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2008; 28:1104-1105. [PMID: 18583274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a simple and rapid HPLC-MS method for determining the contents of olmesartan in human plasma. METHODS Plasma were precipitated with trifluoroacetic acid, then analyzed on an HyPurity C(18) column (150 mm 2.1 mm, 5 microm). Samples at 40 degrees celsius;. The mobile phase consisted of water-methanol- acetonitrile(14:60:26) with a flow rate of 0.22 ml/min. RESULTS The lower limit of qualification was 25 microg/L. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 25-3200 microg/L (r=0.9998), with the intra-day and inter-day RSD less than 15%. CONCLUSION The method is sensitive, rapid and suitable for the study of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of olmesartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Heng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Liling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liling 420000, China
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Affiliation(s)
- T Martín-Jiménez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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