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Casarella S, Ferla F, Di Francesco D, Canciani E, Rizzi M, Boccafoschi F. Focal Adhesion's Role in Cardiomyocytes Function: From Cardiomyogenesis to Mechanotransduction. Cells 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38667279 PMCID: PMC11049660 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals. In this context, the key players are focal adhesions (FAs): multiprotein complexes that link intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs are involved in cellular adhesion, growth, differentiation, gene expression, migration, communication, force transmission, and contractility. Focal adhesion signaling molecules, including Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), integrins, vinculin, and paxillin, also play pivotal roles in cardiomyogenesis, impacting cell proliferation and heart tube looping. In fact, cardiomyocytes sense ECM stiffness through integrins, modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, FAK/Src complex activation mediates cardiac hypertrophic growth and survival signaling in response to mechanical loads. This review provides an overview of the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between FAs and cardiac differentiation, as well as the role of FA-mediated mechanotransduction in guiding cardiac muscle responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Federica Ferla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
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2
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Nazeer NU, Bhat MA, Rah B, Bhat GR, Wani SI, Yousuf A, Dar AM, Afroze D. Mutational Assessment in NKX2-5 and ACTC1 Genes in Patients with Congenital Cardiac Septal Defect (CCSD) from Ethnic Kashmiri Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169884. [PMID: 36011517 PMCID: PMC9408331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background globe. The etiology of CHDs is complex and involves both genetic and non-genetic factors. Although, significant progress has been made in deciphering the genetic components involved in CHDs, recent reports have revealed that mutations in Nk2 homeobox5 (NKX2-5) and actin alpha cardiac muscle1 (ACTC1) genes play a key role in CHDs such as atrial and ventricular septum defects. Therefore, the present study evaluates the role of key hotspot mutations in NKX2-5 and ACTC1 genes of congenital cardiac septal defect (CCSD) in ethnic Kashmiri population. (2) Methods: A total of 112 confirmed CHD patients were included in the current study, of which 30 patients were evaluated for mutational analysis for hotspot mutations of NKX2-5 and ACTC1 genes. The total genomic DNA was extracted from the samples (cardiac tissue/blood) and were subjected to amplification for NKX2-5 (exon 1 and 2), and ACTC1 (exon 2) genes by using PCR specific primers to analyze the hotspot mutations in respective exons. The amplified products obtained were sent to Macrogen Korea for sequencing by Sanger’s method. (3) Results: Our results confirmed that not a single mutation was found in either hotspot exon 1 and 2 of NKX2-5 and exon 2 of ACTC1 in the patients included in the current study. Interestingly, a novel synonymous nucleotide variation leading to G > C transversion (GCG > GCC) was found in exon 2 of NKX2-5 gene of CCSD patient. (4) Conclusions: The current findings demonstrated the role of NKX2-5 and ACTC1 in cardiac development. The study will provide an insight in understanding the genetic etiology and highlights the role of newly identified mutations in patients with CDS’s in ethnic Kashmiri population. In silico findings revealed amino acid changes, splice site variation and the creation of new site. Furthermore, the study warrants complete screening of genes involved in CCSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ul Nazeer
- Department of CVTS, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Mohammad Akbar Bhat
- Department of CVTS, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.B.); (D.A.)
| | - Bilal Rah
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Shadil Ibrahim Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Adfar Yousuf
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Abdul Majeed Dar
- Department of CVTS, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.B.); (D.A.)
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3
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Critical Evaluation of Current Hypotheses for the Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042195. [PMID: 35216312 PMCID: PMC8880276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), due to mutations in sarcomere proteins, occurs in more than 1/500 individuals and is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. The clinical course exhibits appreciable variability. However, typically, heart morphology and function are normal at birth, with pathological remodeling developing over years to decades, leading to a phenotype characterized by asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy, scattered fibrosis and myofibrillar/cellular disarray with ultimate mechanical heart failure and/or severe arrhythmias. The identity of the primary mutation-induced changes in sarcomere function and how they trigger debilitating remodeling are poorly understood. Support for the importance of mutation-induced hypercontractility, e.g., increased calcium sensitivity and/or increased power output, has been strengthened in recent years. However, other ideas that mutation-induced hypocontractility or non-uniformities with contractile instabilities, instead, constitute primary triggers cannot yet be discarded. Here, we review evidence for and criticism against the mentioned hypotheses. In this process, we find support for previous ideas that inefficient energy usage and a blunted Frank–Starling mechanism have central roles in pathogenesis, although presumably representing effects secondary to the primary mutation-induced changes. While first trying to reconcile apparently diverging evidence for the different hypotheses in one unified model, we also identify key remaining questions and suggest how experimental systems that are built around isolated primarily expressed proteins could be useful.
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4
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Filomena MC, Yamamoto DL, Carullo P, Medvedev R, Ghisleni A, Piroddi N, Scellini B, Crispino R, D'Autilia F, Zhang J, Felicetta A, Nemska S, Serio S, Tesi C, Catalucci D, Linke WA, Polishchuk R, Poggesi C, Gautel M, Bang ML. Myopalladin knockout mice develop cardiac dilation and show a maladaptive response to mechanical pressure overload. eLife 2021; 10:e58313. [PMID: 34558411 PMCID: PMC8547954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopalladin (MYPN) is a striated muscle-specific immunoglobulin domain-containing protein located in the sarcomeric Z-line and I-band. MYPN gene mutations are causative for dilated (DCM), hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. In a yeast two-hybrid screening, MYPN was found to bind to titin in the Z-line, which was confirmed by microscale thermophoresis. Cardiac analyses of MYPN knockout (MKO) mice showed the development of mild cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with decreased myofibrillar isometric tension generation and increased resting tension at longer sarcomere lengths. MKO mice exhibited a normal hypertrophic response to transaortic constriction (TAC), but rapidly developed severe cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with fibrosis, increased fetal gene expression, higher intercalated disc fold amplitude, decreased calsequestrin-2 protein levels, and increased desmoplakin and SORBS2 protein levels. Cardiomyocyte analyses showed delayed Ca2+ release and reuptake in unstressed MKO mice as well as reduced Ca2+ spark amplitude post-TAC, suggesting that altered Ca2+ handling may contribute to the development of DCM in MKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Filomena
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Daniel L Yamamoto
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Roman Medvedev
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Andrea Ghisleni
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Roberta Crispino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | | | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Arianna Felicetta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Humanitas UniversityPieve EmanueleItaly
| | | | | | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
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6
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Pathak P, Blech-Hermoni Y, Subedi K, Mpamugo J, Obeng-Nyarko C, Ohman R, Molloy I, Kates M, Hale J, Stauffer S, Sharan SK, Mankodi A. Myopathy associated LDB3 mutation causes Z-disc disassembly and protein aggregation through PKCα and TSC2-mTOR downregulation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:355. [PMID: 33742095 PMCID: PMC7979776 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress induced by contractions constantly threatens the integrity of muscle Z-disc, a crucial force-bearing structure in striated muscle. The PDZ-LIM proteins have been proposed to function as adaptors in transducing mechanical signals to preserve the Z-disc structure, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that LDB3, a well-characterized striated muscle PDZ-LIM protein, modulates mechanical stress signaling through interactions with the mechanosensing domain in filamin C, its chaperone HSPA8, and PKCα in the Z-disc of skeletal muscle. Studies of Ldb3Ala165Val/+ mice indicate that the myopathy-associated LDB3 p.Ala165Val mutation triggers early aggregation of filamin C and its chaperones at muscle Z-disc before aggregation of the mutant protein. The mutation causes protein aggregation and eventually Z-disc myofibrillar disruption by impairing PKCα and TSC2-mTOR, two important signaling pathways regulating protein stability and disposal of damaged cytoskeletal components at a major mechanosensor hub in the Z-disc of skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Filamins/metabolism
- HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/enzymology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/physiopathology
- Point Mutation
- Protein Aggregates
- Protein Aggregation, Pathological
- Protein Kinase C-alpha/genetics
- Protein Kinase C-alpha/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein/genetics
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Pathak
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yotam Blech-Hermoni
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kalpana Subedi
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Mpamugo
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charissa Obeng-Nyarko
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Ohman
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilda Molloy
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malcolm Kates
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Hale
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stacey Stauffer
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ami Mankodi
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Yingling CV, Pruyne D. FHOD formin and SRF promote post-embryonic striated muscle growth through separate pathways in C. elegans. Exp Cell Res 2021; 398:112388. [PMID: 33221314 PMCID: PMC7750259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work with cultured cells has shown transcription of muscle genes by serum response factor (SRF) can be stimulated by actin polymerization driven by proteins of the formin family. However, it is not clear if endogenous formins similarly promote SRF-dependent transcription during muscle development in vivo. We tested whether formin activity promotes SRF-dependent transcription in striated muscle in the simple animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our lab has shown FHOD-1 is the only formin that directly promotes sarcomere formation in the worm's striated muscle. We show here FHOD-1 and SRF homolog UNC-120 both support muscle growth and also muscle myosin II heavy chain A expression. However, while a hypomorphic unc-120 allele blunts expression of a set of striated muscle genes, these genes are largely upregulated or unchanged by absence of FHOD-1. Instead, pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome restores myosin protein levels in worms lacking FHOD-1, suggesting elevated proteolysis accounts for their myosin deficit. Interestingly, proteasome inhibition does not restore normal muscle growth to fhod-1(Δ) mutants, suggesting formin contributes to muscle growth by some alternative mechanism. Overall, we find SRF does not depend on formin to promote muscle gene transcription in a simple in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis V Yingling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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8
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Liu R, Sun F, Forghani P, Armand LC, Rampoldi A, Li D, Wu R, Xu C. Proteomic Profiling Reveals Roles of Stress Response, Ca 2+ Transient Dysregulation, and Novel Signaling Pathways in Alcohol-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2187-2199. [PMID: 32981093 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in pregnancy increases the risk of abnormal cardiac development, and excessive alcohol consumption in adults can induce cardiomyopathy, contractile dysfunction, and arrhythmias. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced cardiac toxicity could provide guidance in the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS We have performed proteomic and bioinformatic analysis to examine protein alterations globally and quantitatively in cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) treated with ethanol (EtOH). Proteins in both cell lysates and extracellular culture media were systematically quantitated. RESULTS Treatment with EtOH caused severe detrimental effects on hiPSC-CMs as indicated by significant cell death and deranged Ca2+ handling. Treatment of hiPSC-CMs with EtOH significantly affected proteins responsible for stress response (e.g., GPX1 and HSPs), ion channel-related proteins (e.g. ATP1A2), myofibril structure proteins (e.g., MYL2/3), and those involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (e.g., ILK and PXN). Proteins involved in the TNF receptor-associated factor 2 signaling (e.g., CPNE1 and TNIK) were also affected by EtOH treatment. CONCLUSIONS The observed changes in protein expression highlight the involvement of oxidative stress and dysregulation of Ca2+ handling and contraction while also implicating potential novel targets in alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings facilitate further exploration of potential mechanisms, discovery of novel biomarkers, and development of targeted therapeutics against EtOH-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Pediatrics, (RL), the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, (FS, RW), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Parvin Forghani
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence C Armand
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong Li
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, (FS, RW), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunhui Xu
- From the, Department of Pediatrics, (RL, PF, LCA, AR, DL, CX), Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, (CX), Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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Bodbin SE, Denning C, Mosqueira D. Transfection of hPSC-Cardiomyocytes Using Viafect™ Transfection Reagent. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:E57. [PMID: 32784848 PMCID: PMC7564709 DOI: 10.3390/mps3030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years since their first derivation, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have shown promise in disease modelling research, while their potential for cardiac repair is being investigated. However, low transfection efficiency is a barrier to wider realisation of the potential this model system has to offer. We endeavoured to produce a protocol for improved transfection of hPSC-CMs using the ViafectTM reagent by Promega. Through optimisation of four essential parameters: (i) serum supplementation, (ii) time between replating and transfection, (iii) reagent to DNA ratio and (iv) cell density, we were able to successfully transfect hPSC-CMs to ~95% efficiencies. Transfected hPSC-CMs retained high purity and structural integrity despite a mild reduction in viability, and preserved compatibility with phenotyping assays of hypertrophy. This protocol greatly adds value to the field by overcoming limited transfection efficiencies of hPSC-CMs in a simple and quick approach that ensures sustained expression of transfected genes for at least 14 days, opening new opportunities in mechanistic discovery for cardiac-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Bodbin
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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10
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Wang D, Fang J, Lv J, Pan Z, Yin X, Cheng H, Guo X. Novel polymorphisms in PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 gene encoding Z-line proteins increase risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7054-7062. [PMID: 31424159 PMCID: PMC6787498 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, is a primary cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure. During heart contraction, the Z‐line is responsible for transmitting force between sarcomeres and is also a hot spot for muscle cell signalling. Mutations in Z‐line proteins have been linked to cardiomyopathies in both humans and mice. Actinin‐associated LIM protein (ALP) and enigma homolog protein (ENH), encoded by PDLIM3 and PDLIM5, are components of the muscle cytoskeleton and localize to the Z‐line. A PDLIM3 or PDLIM5 deficiency in mice leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Since PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 are candidate IDCM susceptibility genes, the current study aims to investigate whether polymorphisms within PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 could be correlated with IDCM. We designed a case‐control study, and exons of the PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 were amplified by polymerase chain reactions in 111 IDCM patients and 137 healthy controls. We found that five synonymous polymorphisms had statistical distribution differences between IDCM patients and controls, including rs4861669, rs4862543, c.731 + 131 T > G, c.1789‐3 C > T and rs7690296, according to genotype and allele distribution. Haplotype G‐C‐C‐C and A‐T‐C‐T (rs2306705, rs10866276, rs12644280 and rs4635850 synthesized) were regarded as risk factors for IDCM patients when compared with carriers of other haplotypes (all P < .05). Furthermore, IDCM patients with two novel polymorphisms (c.731 + 131 T > G and c.1789‐3 C > T) had lower systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, these five synonymous polymorphisms might constitute a genetic background that increases the risk of the development of IDCM in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) and several cardiomyopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), share common genetic mutations and are associated with an arrhythmogenic substrate (AS) and increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to malignant ventricular arrhythmias. We report a family in which a SCN5A mutation was found in both a father and daughter who presented with different phenotypes: the father with LVNC and the daughter with BrS, suggesting SCN5A may be important in cases of overlap between BrS and these various other cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Additionally, we report a family in which a MYBPC3 mutation was found in a father, daughter, and son, but they also presented with different phenotypes: the father with HCM and the daughter and son with BrS, suggesting patients with cardiomyopathies or BrS exhibiting sarcomeric mutations may have common genetic pathways that ultimately diverge into different phenotypes. Generally, prevention of SCD may involve the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and/or pharmaceutical therapy. However, patients continue to experience difficulties with this treatment. Epicardial mapping together with ajmaline challenge used to identify the AS in BrS patients can be used to identify and ablate the AS in cardiomyopathy patients, thus preventing the recurrence of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation and reducing or eliminating the need for shock or pharmacological therapy. Future studies and longer follow-up times are warranted to understand the fullest duration of the therapeutic potential of this ajmaline and map-guided ablation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Michelle M Monasky
- Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
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12
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Cho E, Kang H, Kang DK, Lee Y. Myocardial-specific ablation of Jumonji and AT-rich interaction domain-containing 2 ( Jarid2) leads to dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4981-4996. [PMID: 30700554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a common myocardial disease that can lead to sudden death. However, molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy remain unclear. Jumonji and AT-rich interaction domain-containing 2 (Jarid2) is necessary for embryonic heart development, but functions of Jarid2 after birth remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that myocardial-specific deletion of Jarid2 using αMHC::Cre mice (Jarid2 αMHC) causes dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and premature death 6-9 months after birth. To determine functions of Jarid2 in the adult heart and DCM, we analyzed gene expression in the heart at postnatal day (p)10 (neonatal) and 7 months (DCM). Pathway analyses revealed that dysregulated genes in Jarid2 αMHC hearts at p10, prior to cardiomyopathy, represented heart development and muscle contraction pathways. At 7 months, down-regulated genes in Jarid2 αMHC hearts were enriched in metabolic process and ion channel activity pathways and up-regulated genes in extracellular matrix components. In normal hearts, expression levels of contractile genes were increased from p10 to 7 months but were not sufficiently increased in Jarid2 αMHC hearts. Moreover, Jarid2 was also necessary to repress fetal contractile genes such as TroponinI1, slow skeletal type (Tnni1) and Actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (Acta2) in neonatal stages through ErbB2-receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) signaling. Interestingly, Ankyrin repeat domain 1 (Ankrd1) and Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), whose expression levels are known to be increased in the failing heart, were already elevated in Jarid2 αMHC hearts within 1 month of birth. Thus, we demonstrate that ablation of Jarid2 in cardiomyocytes results in DCM and suggest that Jarid2 plays important roles in cardiomyocyte maturation during neonatal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- From the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology.,the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, and
| | - HyunJun Kang
- the National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
| | - Dae-Ki Kang
- the Department of Computer Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, South Korea
| | - Youngsook Lee
- From the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, .,the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, and
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13
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Luo B, Ye M, Xu H, Ma E, Ye F, Cui C, Zhu Q, Zhao X, Yin H, Diyan L, Qiu M, Yang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Expression analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Myoz1 gene and their association with carcase and meat quality traits in chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1448307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maosen Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enyue Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Diyan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal striated muscles are intricately designed machines responsible for muscle contraction. Coordination of the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, and the complex cytoskeletal networks are critical for contractile activity. The sarcomere is comprised of precisely organized individual filament systems that include thin (actin), thick (myosin), titin, and nebulin. Connecting the sarcomere to other organelles (e.g., mitochondria and nucleus) and serving as the scaffold to maintain cellular integrity are the intermediate filaments. The costamere, on the other hand, tethers the sarcomere to the cell membrane. Unique structures like the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle and the myotendinous junction in skeletal muscle help synchronize and transmit force. Intense investigation has been done on many of the proteins that make up these cytoskeletal assemblies. Yet the details of their function and how they interconnect have just started to be elucidated. A vast number of human myopathies are contributed to mutations in muscle proteins; thus understanding their basic function provides a mechanistic understanding of muscle disorders. In this review, we highlight the components of striated muscle with respect to their interactions, signaling pathways, functions, and connections to disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:891-944, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Henderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher G Gomez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie M Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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15
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Quick AP, Landstrom AP, Wang Q, Beavers DL, Reynolds JO, Barreto-Torres G, Tran V, Showell J, Philippen LE, Morris SA, Skapura D, Bos JM, Pedersen SE, Pautler RG, Ackerman MJ, Wehrens XHT. Novel junctophilin-2 mutation A405S is associated with basal septal hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:56-67. [PMID: 28393127 PMCID: PMC5384575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A JPH2 A405S mutation was found in a human HCM patient. A novel echocardiographic imaging plane revealed septal hypertrophy in a mouse model bearing the human JPH2 mutation, thereby causally linking it to HCM pathogenesis. This alpha helical JPH2 mutation resulted in decreased transverse tubule regularity and aberrant calcium handling in septal cardiomyocytes.
Junctophilin-2 (JPH2) is a structural calcium (Ca2+) handling protein, which approximates the cardiomyocyte transverse tubules (TTs) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This facilitates communication of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel and the ryanodine receptor RyR2. A human patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was positive for a JPH2 mutation substituting alanine-405—located within the alpha helix domain—with a serine (A405S). Using a novel mouse echocardiography plane, we found that mice bearing this JPH2 mutation developed increased subvalvular septal thickness. Cardiomyocytes from the septa of these mice displayed irregular TTs and abnormal Ca2+ handling including increased SERCA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Quick
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David L Beavers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia O Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselle Barreto-Torres
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viet Tran
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan Showell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leonne E Philippen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darlene Skapura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Martijn Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steen E Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robia G Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Brody MJ, Lee Y. The Role of Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing Protein 10 (LRRC10) in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:337. [PMID: 27536250 PMCID: PMC4971440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing protein 10 (LRRC10) is a cardiomyocyte-specific member of the Leucine-rich repeat containing (LRRC) protein superfamily with critical roles in cardiac function and disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have identified LRRC10 mutations in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Lrrc10 homozygous knockout mice develop DCM, strongly linking LRRC10 to the molecular etiology of DCM. LRRC10 localizes to the dyad region in cardiomyocytes where it can interact with actin and α-actinin at the Z-disc and associate with T-tubule components. Indeed, this region is becoming increasingly recognized as a signaling center in cardiomyocytes, not only for calcium cycling, excitation-contraction coupling, and calcium-sensitive hypertrophic signaling, but also as a nodal signaling hub where the myocyte can sense and respond to mechanical stress. Disruption of a wide range of critical structural and signaling molecules in cardiomyocytes confers susceptibility to cardiomyopathies in addition to the more classically studied mutations in sarcomeric proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM remain unclear. Here, we review what is known about the cardiomyocyte functions of LRRC10, lessons learned about LRRC10 and DCM from the Lrrc10 knockout mouse model, and discuss ongoing efforts to elucidate molecular mechanisms whereby mutation or absence of LRRC10 mediates cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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