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Gomez-Lagunas F, Barriga-Montoya C, Pardo JP. State-independent inhibition of the oncogenic Kv10.1 channel by desethylamiodarone, a comparison with amiodarone. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:323-335. [PMID: 38063872 PMCID: PMC10847070 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Kv10.1 is a voltage-dependent K channel whose ectopic expression is associated with several human cancers. Additionally, Kv10.1 has structure-function properties which are not yet well understood. We are using drugs of clinical importance in an attempt to gain insight on the relationship between pharmacology and characteristic functional properties of this channel. Herein, we report the interaction of desethylamiodarone (desAd), the active metabolic product of the antiarrhythmic amiodarone with Kv10.1: desAd binds to both closed and open channels, with most inhibition taking place from the open state, with affinity ~ 5 times smaller than that of amiodarone. Current inhibition by desAd and amiodarone is not synergistic. Upon repolarization desAd becomes trapped in Kv10.1 and thereafter dissociates slowly from closed-and-blocked channels. The addition of the Cole-Moore shift plus desAd open-pore-block time courses yields an increasing phase on the steady-state inhibition curve (H∞) at hyperpolarized holding potentials. In contrast to amiodarone, desAd does not inhibit the Kv10.1 Cole-Moore shift, suggesting that a relevant hydrophobic interaction between amiodarone and Kv10.1 participates in the inhibition of the Cole-Moore shift, which is lost with desAd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gomez-Lagunas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México.
| | - C Barriga-Montoya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - J P Pardo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
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2
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Ma B, Shi S, Ren S, Qu C, Zhao Z, An H. Corydaline binds to a druggable pocket of hEAG1 channel and inhibits hepatic carcinoma cell viability. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176240. [PMID: 38048981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Ether-à-go-go (EAG) potassium channels play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal excitability and cancer progression, rendering them potential drug targets for cancer therapy. However, the scarcity of information regarding the selection sites on hEAG1 has posed a challenge in the discovery of new hEAG1 inhibitors. In this study, we introduced a novel natural product, corydaline, which selectively inhibits the hEAG1 channel without sensitivity to other KCNH channels. The IC50 of corydaline for the hEAG1 channel was 11.3 ± 0.6 μM, whereas the IC50 for hEAG2 and hERG1 were 73.6 ± 9.9 μM and 111.4 ± 8.5 μM, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations together with site-directed mutagenesis, have unveiled that the site corydaline forms interactions with Lys217, Phe273, Pro276, Trp295 and Arg366, situated within the intracellular transmembrane segments S1-S4 of the voltage-sensor domain, be considered a novel drug pocket for hEAG1. Additionally, the intergaration of sequence alignment and 3D structural modeling revealed differences between the voltage sensor domain of hEAG1 channel and other EAG channels, suggesting the feasibility of a VSD modulation approach that could potentially lead to the selective inhibition of hEAG1 channels. Furthermore, antitumor experiments demonstrated that corydaline can inhibit the proliferation and migration of hepatic carcinoma cells by targeting hEAG1. The identification of this novel druggable pocket offers the possibility for drug screening against diseases linked to abnormal hEAG1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, China; Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Sai Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuxi Ren
- School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Chang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, China; Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, China; Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Hailong An
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, China; Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
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3
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New Diarylamine K V10.1 Inhibitors and Their Anticancer Potential. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091963. [PMID: 36145712 PMCID: PMC9501377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV10.1 (Eag1) has been detected in over 70% of human cancers, making the channel a promising new target for new anticancer drug discovery. A new structural class of KV10.1 inhibitors was prepared by structural optimisation and exploration of the structure–activity relationship of the previously published hit compound ZVS-08 (1) and its optimised analogue 2. The potency and selectivity of the new inhibitors between KV10.1 and hERG were investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp experiments. We obtained two new optimised KV10.1 inhibitors, 17a and 18b, with improved nanomolar IC50 values of 568 nM and 214 nM, respectively. Compound 17a exhibited better ratio between IC50 values for hEAG1 and hERG than previously published diarylamine inhibitors. Compounds 17a and 18b moderately inhibited the growth of the KV10.1-expressing cell line MCF-7 in two independent assays. In addition, 17a and 18b also inhibited the growth of hERG-expressing Panc-1 cells with higher potency compared with MCF-7 cells. The main obstacle for newly developed diarylamine KV10.1 inhibitors remains the selectivity toward the hERG channel, which needs to be addressed with targeted drug design strategies in the future.
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4
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Targeting T-type channels in cancer: What is on and what is off? Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:743-758. [PMID: 34838727 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) in tumor progression. Cytotoxic effects of TTCC pharmacological blockers have been reported in vitro and in preclinical models. However, their roles in cancer physiology are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss evidence for the signaling pathways and cellular processes stemming from TTCC activity, mainly inferred by inverse reasoning from pharmacological blocks and, only in a few studies, by gene silencing or channel activation. A thorough analysis indicates that drug-induced cytotoxicity is partially an off-target effect. Dissection of on/off-target activity is paramount to elucidate the physiological roles of TTCCs, and to deliver efficacious therapies suited to different cancer types and stages.
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Loza-Huerta A, Milo E, Picones A, Hernández-Cruz A, Luis E. Thallium-sensitive fluorescent assay reveals loperamide as a new inhibitor of the potassium channel Kv10.1. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1744-1753. [PMID: 34213738 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels have been proposed as therapeutic targets for different types of malignancies. One of the most studied ion channels in cancer is the voltage-gated potassium channel ether-à-go-go 1 or Kv10.1. Various studies have shown that Kv10.1 expression induces the proliferation of several cancer cell lines and in vivo tumor models, while blocking or silencing inhibits proliferation. Kv10.1 is a promising target for drug discovery modulators that could be used in cancer treatment. This work aimed to screen for new Kv10.1 channel modulators using a thallium influx-based assay. METHODS Pharmacological effects of small molecules on Kv10.1 channel activity were studied using a thallium-based fluorescent assay and patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings, both performed in HEK293 stably expressing the human Kv10.1 potassium channel. RESULTS In thallium-sensitive fluorescent assays, we found that the small molecules loperamide and amitriptyline exert a potent inhibition on the activity of the oncogenic potassium channel Kv10.1. These results were confirmed by electrophysiological recordings, which showed that loperamide and amitriptyline decreased the amplitude of Kv10.1 currents in a dose-dependent manner. Both drugs could be promising tools for further studies. CONCLUSIONS Thallium-sensitive fluorescent assay represents a reliable methodological tool for the primary screening of different molecules with potential activity on Kv10.1 channels or other K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlet Loza-Huerta
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Milo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Picones
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enoch Luis
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Cátedras CONACYT - Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, C.U. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Toplak Ž, Hendrickx LA, Abdelaziz R, Shi X, Peigneur S, Tomašič T, Tytgat J, Peterlin-Mašič L, Pardo LA. Overcoming challenges of HERG potassium channel liability through rational design: Eag1 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:183-226. [PMID: 33945158 DOI: 10.1002/med.21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two decades of research have proven the relevance of ion channel expression for tumor progression in virtually every indication, and it has become clear that inhibition of specific ion channels will eventually become part of the oncology therapeutic arsenal. However, ion channels play relevant roles in all aspects of physiology, and specificity for the tumor tissue remains a challenge to avoid undesired effects. Eag1 (KV 10.1) is a voltage-gated potassium channel whose expression is very restricted in healthy tissues outside of the brain, while it is overexpressed in 70% of human tumors. Inhibition of Eag1 reduces tumor growth, but the search for potent inhibitors for tumor therapy suffers from the structural similarities with the cardiac HERG channel, a major off-target. Existing inhibitors show low specificity between the two channels, and screenings for Eag1 binders are prone to enrichment in compounds that also bind HERG. Rational drug design requires knowledge of the structure of the target and the understanding of structure-function relationships. Recent studies have shown subtle structural differences between Eag1 and HERG channels with profound functional impact. Thus, although both targets' structure is likely too similar to identify leads that exclusively bind to one of the channels, the structural information combined with the new knowledge of the functional relevance of particular residues or areas suggests the possibility of selective targeting of Eag1 in cancer therapies. Further development of selective Eag1 inhibitors can lead to first-in-class compounds for the treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žan Toplak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Louise A Hendrickx
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reham Abdelaziz
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Luis A Pardo
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Souza Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Aguiar TF, Lacruz RS. Mibefradil alters intracellular calcium concentration by activation of phospholipase C and IP 3 receptor function. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:12. [PMID: 35006468 PMCID: PMC8607413 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mibefradil is a tetralol derivative originally developed as an antagonist of T-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels to treat hypertension when used at nanomolar dosage. More recently, its therapeutic application in hypertension has declined and has been instead repurposed as a treatment of cancer cell proliferation and solid tumor growth. Beyond its function as a Cav blocker, the micromolar concentration of mibefradil can stimulate a rise in [Ca2+]cyt although the mechanism is poorly known. The chanzyme TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastanin 7), the release of intracellular Ca2+ pools, and Ca2+ influx by ORAI channels have been associated with the increase in [Ca2+]cyt triggered by mibefradil. This study aims to investigate the cellular targets and pathways associated with mibefradil's effect on [Ca2+]cyt. To address these questions, we monitored changes in [Ca2+]cyt in the specialized mouse epithelial cells (LS8 and ALC) and the widely used HEK-293 cells by stimulating these cells with mibefradil (0.1 μM to 100 μM). We show that mibefradil elicits an increase in [Ca2+]cyt at concentrations above 10 μM (IC50 around 50 μM) and a fast Ca2+ increase capacity at 100 μM. We found that inhibiting IP3 receptors, depleting the ER-Ca2+ stores, or blocking phospholipase C (PLC), significantly decreased the capacity of mibefradil to elevate [Ca2+]cyt. Moreover, the transient application of 100 μM mibefradil triggered Ca2+ influx by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by the ORAI channels. Our findings reveal that IP3R and PLC are potential new targets of mibefradil offering novel insights into the effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H Souza Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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3D Pharmacophore-Based Discovery of Novel K V10.1 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061244. [PMID: 33808994 PMCID: PMC8002023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A novel structural class of inhibitors of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV10.1 was discovered by a ligand-based drug design method using a 3D pharmacophore model. The virtual screening hit compound ZVS-08 inhibited the channel in a voltage-dependent manner consistent with the action of a gating modifier. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed a nanomolar KV10.1 inhibitor that is selective for some KV and NaV channels but exhibits significant inhibition of the hERG channel. KV10.1 inhibitor 1 inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cell line expressing high levels of KV10.1 and low levels of hERG more potently than the Panc1 cell line (no KV10.1 and high hERG expression). Moreover, the KV10.1 inhibitor 1 induced significant apoptosis in tumour spheroids of Colo-357 cells. This study may provide a basis for the use of computational drug design methods for the discovery of novel KV10.1 inhibitors as new promising anticancer drugs. Abstract (1) Background: The voltage-gated potassium channel KV10.1 (Eag1) is considered a near- universal tumour marker and represents a promising new target for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. (2) Methods: We utilized the ligand-based drug discovery methodology using 3D pharmacophore modelling and medicinal chemistry approaches to prepare a novel structural class of KV10.1 inhibitors. Whole-cell patch clamp experiments were used to investigate potency, selectivity, kinetics and mode of inhibition. Anticancer activity was determined using 2D and 3D cell-based models. (3) Results: The virtual screening hit compound ZVS-08 discovered by 3D pharmacophore modelling exhibited an IC50 value of 3.70 µM against KV10.1 and inhibited the channel in a voltage-dependent manner consistent with the action of a gating modifier. Structural optimization resulted in the most potent KV10.1 inhibitor of the series with an IC50 value of 740 nM, which was potent on the MCF-7 cell line expressing high KV10.1 levels and low hERG levels, induced significant apoptosis in tumour spheroids of Colo-357 cells and was not mutagenic. (4) Conclusions: Computational ligand-based drug design methods can be successful in the discovery of new potent KV10.1 inhibitors. The main problem in the field of KV10.1 inhibitors remains selectivity against the hERG channel, which needs to be addressed in the future also with target-based drug design methods.
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9
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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10
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Meléndez TA, Huanosta-Gutiérrez A, Barriga-Montoya C, González-Andrade M, Gómez-Lagunas F. Dronedarone blockage of the tumor-related Kv10.1 channel: a comparison with amiodarone. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:75-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Biochemical characterization of the venom from the Mexican scorpion Centruroides ornatus, a dangerous species to humans. Toxicon 2020; 173:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Li P, Rubaiy HN, Chen GL, Hallett T, Zaibi N, Zeng B, Saurabh R, Xu SZ. Mibefradil, a T-type Ca 2+ channel blocker also blocks Orai channels by action at the extracellular surface. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3845-3856. [PMID: 31271653 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mibefradil, a T-type Ca2+ channel blocker, has been investigated for treating solid tumours. However, its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we have investigated the pharmacological actions of mibefradil on Orai store-operated Ca2+ channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human Orai1-3 cDNAs in tetracycline-regulated pcDNA4/TO vectors were transfected into HEK293 T-REx cells with stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) stable expression. The Orai currents were recorded by whole-cell and excised-membrane patch clamp. Ca2+ influx or release was measured by Fura-PE3/AM. Cell growth and death were monitored by WST-1, LDH assays and flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Mibefradil inhibited Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3 currents dose-dependently. The IC50 for Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3 channels was 52.6, 14.1, and 3.8 μM respectively. Outside-out patch demonstrated that perfusion of 10-μM mibefradil to the extracellular surface completely blocked Orai3 currents and single channel activity evoked by 2-APB. Intracellular application of mibefradil did not alter Orai3 channel activity. Mibefradil at higher concentrations (>50 μM) inhibited Ca2+ release but had no effect on cytosolic STIM1 translocation evoked by thapsigargin. Inhibition on Orai channels by mibefradil was structure-related, as other T-type Ca2+ channel blockers with different structures, such as ethosuximide and ML218, had no or minimal effects on Orai channels. Moreover, mibefradil inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Mibefradil is a potent cell surface blocker of Orai channels, demonstrating a new pharmacological action of this compound in regulating cell growth and death, which could be relevant to its anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hussein N Rubaiy
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Thomas Hallett
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Nawel Zaibi
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rahul Saurabh
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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13
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Visa A, Shaikh S, Alza L, Herreros J, Cantí C. The Hard-To-Close Window of T-Type Calcium Channels. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:571-584. [PMID: 31031178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-Type calcium channels (TTCCs) are key regulators of membrane excitability, which is the reason why TTCC pharmacology is subject to intensive research in the neurological and cardiovascular fields. TTCCs also play a role in cancer physiology, and pharmacological blockers such as tetralols and dihydroquinazolines (DHQs) reduce the viability of cancer cells in vitro and slow tumor growth in murine xenografts. However, the available compounds are better suited to blocking TTCCs in excitable membranes rather than TTCCs contributing window currents at steady potentials. Consistently, tetralols and dihydroquinazolines exhibit cytostatic/cytotoxic activities at higher concentrations than those required for TTCC blockade, which may involve off-target effects. Gene silencing experiments highlight the targetability of TTCCs, but further pharmacological research is required for TTCC blockade to become a chemotherapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Visa
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Soni Shaikh
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Lía Alza
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain.
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14
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Correction to: Inhibition of the K+ conductance and Cole-Moore shift of the oncogenic Kv10.1 channel by amiodarone. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:981-993. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Moreels L, Bhat C, Voráčová M, Peigneur S, Goovaerts H, Mäki-Lohiluoma E, Zahed F, Pardo LA, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Kiuru P, Tytgat J. Synthesis of novel purpurealidin analogs and evaluation of their effect on the cancer-relevant potassium channel KV10.1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188811. [PMID: 29220359 PMCID: PMC5722316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for novel anticancer drugs, the potassium channel KV10.1 has emerged as an interesting cancer target. Here, we report a new group of KV10.1 inhibitors, namely the purpurealidin analogs. These alkaloids are produced by the Verongida sponges and are known for their wide variety of bioactivities. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of 27 purpurealidin analogs. Structurally, bromine substituents at the central phenyl ring and a methoxy group at the distal phenyl ring seem to enhance the activity on KV10.1. The mechanism of action of the most potent analog 5 was investigated. A shift of the activation curve to more negative potentials and an apparent inactivation was observed. Since KV10.1 inhibitors can be interesting anticancer drug lead compounds, the effect of 5 was evaluated on cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Compound 5 showed to be cytotoxic and appeared to induce apoptosis in all the evaluated cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Moreels
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chinmay Bhat
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuela Voráčová
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah Goovaerts
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eero Mäki-Lohiluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Farrah Zahed
- Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Kiuru
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Inhibition of the K+ conductance and Cole-Moore shift of the oncogenic Kv10.1 channel by amiodarone. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:491-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Moreels L, Peigneur S, Galan DT, De Pauw E, Béress L, Waelkens E, Pardo LA, Quinton L, Tytgat J. APETx4, a Novel Sea Anemone Toxin and a Modulator of the Cancer-Relevant Potassium Channel K V10.1. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090287. [PMID: 28902151 PMCID: PMC5618426 DOI: 10.3390/md15090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ether-à-go-go channel (hEag1 or KV10.1) is a cancer-relevant voltage-gated potassium channel that is overexpressed in a majority of human tumors. Peptides that are able to selectively inhibit this channel can be lead compounds in the search for new anticancer drugs. Here, we report the activity-guided purification and electrophysiological characterization of a novel KV10.1 inhibitor from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Purified sea anemone fractions were screened for inhibitory activity on KV10.1 by measuring whole-cell currents as expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Fractions that showed activity on Kv10.1 were further purified by RP-HPLC. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined by a combination of MALDI- LIFT-TOF/TOF MS/MS and CID-ESI-FT-ICR MS/MS and showed a high similarity with APETx1 and APETx3 and was therefore named APETx4. Subsequently, the peptide was electrophysiologically characterized on KV10.1. The selectivity of the toxin was investigated on an array of voltage-gated ion channels, including the cardiac human ether-à-go-go-related gene potassium channel (hERG or Kv11.1). The toxin inhibits KV10.1 with an IC50 value of 1.1 μM. In the presence of a similar toxin concentration, a shift of the activation curve towards more positive potentials was observed. Similar to the effect of the gating modifier toxin APETx1 on hERG, the inhibition of Kv10.1 by the isolated toxin is reduced at more positive voltages and the peptide seems to keep the channel in a closed state. Although the peptide also induces inhibitory effects on other KV and NaV channels, it exhibits no significant effect on hERG. Moreover, APETx4 induces a concentration-dependent cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect in various cancerous and noncancerous cell lines. This newly identified KV10.1 inhibitor can be used as a tool to further characterize the oncogenic channel KV10.1 or as a scaffold for the design and synthesis of more potent and safer anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Moreels
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Diogo T Galan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-MolSys, University of Liege, Liege 4000, Belgium.
| | - Lászlo Béress
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Section of Peptide Chemistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany.
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Luis A Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine; Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-MolSys, University of Liege, Liege 4000, Belgium.
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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18
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Gómez-Lagunas F, Barriga-Montoya C. Mibefradil inhibition of the Cole-Moore shift and K +-conductance of the tumor-related Kv10.1 channel. Channels (Austin) 2017. [PMID: 28650687 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1340072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Gómez-Lagunas
- a School of Medicine, Department of Physiology , National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - C Barriga-Montoya
- a School of Medicine, Department of Physiology , National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM , Mexico City , Mexico
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