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Hosseindoost S, Mousavi SM, Dehpour AR, Javadi SA, Arjmand B, Fallah A, Hadjighassem M. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonist enhances the bystander effect of HSV-TK/GCV gene therapy in glioblastoma multiforme via upregulation of connexin 43 expression. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:76-87. [PMID: 35795095 PMCID: PMC9233183 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive form of primary brain astrocytoma. Gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) is a new strategy for GBM treatment. As the connexin 43 (Cx43) levels are downregulated in GBM cells, it seems that the upregulation of Cx43 could improve the efficacy of the gene therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride (Cln) as a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist on HSV-TK/GCV gene therapy efficacy in human GBM cells using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) as vectors. The lentivirus containing the thymidine kinase gene was transduced to OECs and the effective dose of GCV on cells was measured by MTT assay. We found that Cln upregulated Cx43 expression in human GBM cells and OECs and promoted the cytotoxic effect of GCV on the co-culture cells. Western blot results showed that Cln increased the cleaved caspase-3 expression and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in the co-culture of GBM cells and OEC-TK. Also, the flow cytometry results revealed that Cln increased apoptosis in the co-culture of GBM cells and OEC-TK cells. This study showed that Cln via upregulation of Cx43 expression could enhance the bystander effect of HSVTK-GCV gene therapy in human GBM cells.
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Akindona FA, Frederico SC, Hancock JC, Gilbert MR. Exploring the origin of the cancer stem cell niche and its role in anti-angiogenic treatment for glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947634. [PMID: 36091174 PMCID: PMC9454306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be the main drivers of tumorigenesis for malignancies such as glioblastoma (GBM). They are maintained through a close relationship with the tumor vasculature. Previous literature has well-characterized the components and signaling pathways for maintenance of this stem cell niche, but details on how the niche initially forms are limited. This review discusses development of the nonmalignant neural and hematopoietic stem cell niches in order to draw important parallels to the malignant environment. We then discuss what is known about the cancer stem cell niche, its relationship with angiogenesis, and provide a hypothesis for its development in GBM. A better understanding of the mechanisms of development of the tumor stem cell niche may provide new insights to potentially therapeutically exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funto A. Akindona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen C. Frederico
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John C. Hancock
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark R. Gilbert,
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Periventricular zone involvement as a predictor of survival in glioblastoma patients: A single centre cohort-comparison investigation concerning a distinct clinical entity. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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4
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Ge S, Shi Y, Zhu G, Li S, Cai Y, Ji P, Liu J, Guo W, Gong L, Lou M, Feng F, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Qu Y, Wang L. Molecular Pathological Markers Correlated With the Recurrence Patterns of Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:565045. [PMID: 33585189 PMCID: PMC7873968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma is one of the most common tumors of the central nervous system, and many patients suffer from recurrence even after standard comprehensive treatment. However, little is known about the molecular markers that predict the recurrence patterns of glioma. This study aimed to demonstrate the correlations between molecular markers and glioma recurrence patterns, which included local/nonlocal recurrence and paraventricular/nonparaventricular recurrence. Methods Immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the molecular markers of 88 glioma tissues following surgical resection. The recurrence patterns were divided into local recurrence, marginal recurrence, distant recurrence, multirecurrence, and subarachniod recurrence, with the last four recurrence patterns being collectively called nonlocal recurrence. According to whether the recurrence invaded ventricles, the nonlocal recurrence patterns were divided into paraventricular and nonparaventricular recurrence. Then, we compared the different recurrence patterns and their clinical characteristics, focusing on the expression of molecular markers. Results More patients in the nonlocal recurrence group received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy than patients in the local recurrence group (p=0.019). Sex, age, extent of surgery, time to recurrence, tumor location, size, and WHO grade were not different in the defined groups (P>0.05). Recurrent tumor volume and WHO grade were significantly different between the paraventricular and nonparaventricular recurrence groups (p=0.046 and 0.033). The expression of Ki-67, P53, and PCNA in the nonlocal recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the local recurrence group (p=0.015, 0.009, and 0.037), while the expression of S-100 in the nonlocal recurrence group was significantly lower than that in the local recurrence group (p=0.015). Cox regression indicated hazard ratio (HR) for high expression level of PCNA associated with non-local recurrence was 3.43 (95% CI, 1.15, 10.24), and HR for high expression level of MGMT associated with paraventricular recurrence was 2.64 (95% CI, 1.15,6.08). Conclusions Ki-67, P53, PCNA, and MGMT might be important clinical markers for nonlocal recurrence and paraventricular recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songlun Li
- Medical Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaning Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peigang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Bernstock JD, Mooney JH, Ilyas A, Chagoya G, Estevez-Ordonez D, Ibrahim A, Nakano I. Molecular and cellular intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma: clinical and translational implications. J Neurosurg 2020; 133:655-663. [PMID: 31443071 DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.jns19364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite maximal safe resection followed by chemo- and radiotherapy. GBMs contain self-renewing, tumorigenic glioma stem cells that contribute to tumor initiation, heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of GBMs is also a major contributing factor to poor clinical outcomes associated with these high-grade glial tumors. Herein, the authors summarize recent discoveries and advances in the molecular and phenotypic characterization of GBMs with particular focus on ITH. In so doing, they attempt to highlight recent advances in molecular signatures/properties and metabolic alterations in an effort to clarify translational implications that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ichiro Nakano
- 1Department of Neurosurgery
- 3Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
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Marina D, Arnaud L, Paul Noel L, Felix S, Bernard R, Natacha C. Relevance of Translation Initiation in Diffuse Glioma Biology and its Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2019; 8:E1542. [PMID: 31795417 PMCID: PMC6953081 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are continually exposed to environmental stressors forcing them to adapt their protein production to survive. The translational machinery can be recruited by malignant cells to synthesize proteins required to promote their survival, even in times of high physiological and pathological stress. This phenomenon has been described in several cancers including in gliomas. Abnormal regulation of translation has encouraged the development of new therapeutics targeting the protein synthesis pathway. This approach could be meaningful for glioma given the fact that the median survival following diagnosis of the highest grade of glioma remains short despite current therapy. The identification of new targets for the development of novel therapeutics is therefore needed in order to improve this devastating overall survival rate. This review discusses current literature on translation in gliomas with a focus on the initiation step covering both the cap-dependent and cap-independent modes of initiation. The different translation initiation protagonists will be described in normal conditions and then in gliomas. In addition, their gene expression in gliomas will systematically be examined using two freely available datasets. Finally, we will discuss different pathways regulating translation initiation and current drugs targeting the translational machinery and their potential for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digregorio Marina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Lombard Arnaud
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lumapat Paul Noel
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Scholtes Felix
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rogister Bernard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
- Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Coppieters Natacha
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.M.); (L.A.); (L.P.N.); (S.F.); (R.B.)
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Fyllingen EH, Hansen TI, Jakola AS, Håberg AK, Salvesen Ø, Solheim O. Does risk of brain cancer increase with intracranial volume? A population-based case control study. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1225-1230. [PMID: 29554311 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and is believed to arise from glial stem cells. Despite large efforts, there are limited established risk factors. It has been suggested that tissue with more stem cell divisions may exhibit higher risk of cancer due to chance alone. Assuming a positive correlation between the number of stem cell divisions in an organ and size of the same organ, we hypothesized that variation in intracranial volume, as a proxy for brain size, may be linked to risk of high-grade glioma. Methods Intracranial volume was calculated from pretreatment 3D T1-weighted MRI brain scans from 124 patients with high-grade glioma and 995 general population-based controls. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to ascertain the effect of intracranial volume and sex on the likelihood that participants had high-grade glioma. Results An increase in intracranial volume of 100 mL was associated with an odds ratio of high-grade glioma of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.44‒1.98; P < 0.001). After adjusting for intracranial volume, female sex emerged as a risk factor for high-grade glioma (odds ratio for male sex = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33‒0.93; P = 0.026). Conclusions Intracranial volume is strongly associated with risk of high-grade glioma. After correcting for intracranial volume, risk of high-grade glioma was higher in women. The development of glioma is correlated to brain size and may to a large extent be a stochastic event related to the number of cells at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Hovig Fyllingen
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Ivar Hansen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Store Jakola
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Solheim
- Department of Neurosurgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,National Competence Centre for Ultrasound and Image Guided Surgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Wu VM, Huynh E, Tang S, Uskoković V. Brain and bone cancer targeting by a ferrofluid composed of superparamagnetic iron-oxide/silica/carbon nanoparticles (earthicles). Acta Biomater 2019; 88:422-447. [PMID: 30711662 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in molecularly targeted therapies, delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the targeting of brain tumors remains a challenge. Like brain, bone is a common site of metastasis and requires therapies capable of discerning the tumor from its healthy cellular milieu. To tackle these challenges, we made a variation on the previously proposed concept of the earthicle and fabricated an aqueous, surfactant-free ferrofluid containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with silicate mesolayers and carbon shells, having 13 nm in size on average. Nanoparticles were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized using a range of spectroscopic, diffractometric, hydrodynamic and electron microscopy techniques. The double coating on SPIONs affected a number of physicochemical and biological properties, including colloidal stability and cancer targeting efficacy. Nanoparticles decreased the viability of glioblastoma and osteosarcoma cells and tumors more than that of their primary and non-transformed analogues. They showed a greater preference for cancer cells because of a higher rate of uptake by these cells and a pronounced adherence to cancer cell membrane. Even in an ultralow alternate magnetic field, nanoparticles generated sufficient heat to cause tumor death. Nanoparticles in MDCK-MDR1 BBB model caused mislocalization of claudin-1 at the tight junctions, underexpression of ZO-1 and no effect on occludin-1 and transepithelial resistance. Nanoparticles were detected in the basolateral compartments and examination of LAMP1 demonstrated that nanoparticles escaped the lysosome, traversed the BBB transcellularly and localized to the optic lobes of the third instar larval brains of Drosophila melanogaster. The passage was noninvasive and caused no adverse systemic effects to the animals. In conclusion, these nanoparticulate ferrofluids preferentially bind to cancer cells and, hence, exhibit a greater toxicity in these cells compared to the primary cells. They are also effective against solid tumors in vitro, can cross the BBB in Drosophila, and are nontoxic based on the developmental studies of flies raised in ferrofluid-infused media. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate that a novel, hydrothermally synthesized composite nanoparticle-based ferrofluid is effective in reducing the viability of osteosarcoma and glioblastoma cells in vitro, while having minimal effects on primary cell lines. In 3D tumor spheroids, nanoparticles greatly reduced the metastatic migration of cancer cells, while the tumor viability was reduced compared to the control group by applying magnetic hyperthermia to nanoparticle-treated spheroids. Both in vitro and in vivo models of the blood-brain barrier evidence the ability of nanoparticles to cross the barrier and localize to the brain tissue. These composite nanoparticles show great promise as an anticancer biomaterial for the treatment of different types of cancer and may serve as an alternative or addendum to traditional chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Wu
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
| | - Eric Huynh
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
| | - Sean Tang
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA; Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA.
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9
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Matarredona ER, Talaverón R, Pastor AM. Interactions Between Neural Progenitor Cells and Microglia in the Subventricular Zone: Physiological Implications in the Neurogenic Niche and After Implantation in the Injured Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:268. [PMID: 30177874 PMCID: PMC6109750 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain contains neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that continuously produce neuroblasts throughout life. These neuroblasts migrate towards the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into local interneurons. The neurogenic niche of the SVZ includes, in addition to NPCs and neuroblasts, astrocytes, ependymal cells, blood vessels and the molecules released by these cell types. In the last few years, microglial cells have also been included as a key component of the SVZ neurogenic niche. Microglia in the SVZ display unique phenotypic features, and are more densely populated and activated than in non-neurogenic regions. In this article we will review literature reporting microglia-NPC interactions in the SVZ and the role of this bilateral communication in microglial function and in NPC biology. This interaction can take place through the release of soluble factors, extracellular vesicles or gap junctional communication. In addition, as NPCs are used for cell replacement therapies, they can establish therapeutically relevant crosstalks with host microglia which will also be summarized throughout the article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Angel M Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Cholia RP, Dhiman M, Kumar R, Mantha AK. Oxidative stress stimulates invasive potential in rat C6 and human U-87 MG glioblastoma cells via activation and cross-talk between PKM2, ENPP2 and APE1 enzymes. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1307-1326. [PMID: 29721771 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity is essential for cell survival and viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction results in oxidative stress leading to the genomic instability via generation of small base lesions in DNA and these unrepaired DNA damages lead to various cellular consequences including cancer. Recent data support the concept "oxidative stress is an indispensable participant in fostering proliferation, survival, and migration" in various cancer cell types including glioblastoma cells. In this study we demonstrate that treatment of non-cytotoxic doses of oxidants such as amyloid beta [Aβ(25-35)] peptide, glucose oxidase (GO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h and 48 h time points found to increase the expression level and activity of a multifunctional enzyme Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1), a key enzyme of base excision repair (BER) pathway which takes care of base damages; and also resulted in modulation in the expression levels of downstream BER-pathway enzymes viz. PARP-1, XRCC1, DNA polβ, and ligase IIIα was observed upon oxidative stress in C6 and U-87 MG cells. Oxidants treatment to the C6 and U-87 MG cells also resulted in an elevation in the intracellular expression of glycolytic pathway enzyme Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and the metastasis inducer protein Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) as analyzed using Western blotting and Immunofluorescence microscopic studies. Our study also reports that oxidative stress induced for 24 h and 48 h in C6 and U-87 MG cells resulted in extracellular secretion of APE1 and ENPP2 as analyzed using Western blotting in conditioned media. However, the biological significance of extracellular secreted APE1 remains elusive. Oxidative stress also elevated the ENPP2's LysoPLD activity in conditioned media of C6 and U-87 MG cells. Our results also demonstrate that oxidative stress affects the expression level and localization of APE1, PKM2, and ENPP2 in C6 and U-87 MG cells. As evidenced by the colocalization pattern at 24 h and 48 h time points, it can be attributed that oxidative stress mediates crosstalk between APE1, PKM2, and ENPP2. In addition, when C6 and U-87 MG cells were treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid that negatively regulates ENPP2's LysoPLD activity at 10 μM concentration, demonstrated strong migratory potential in C6 and U-87 MG cells, and also induced migration upon oxidative stress. Altogether, the findings demonstrate the potential of C6 and U-87 MG cells to utilize three proteins viz. APE1, PKM2, and ENPP2 towards migration and survival of gliomas. Thus the knowledge on oxidative stress induced APE1's interaction with PKM2 and ENPP2 opens a new channel for the therapeutic target(s) for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Cholia
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India.
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11
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Jacob J, Durand T, Feuvret L, Mazeron JJ, Delattre JY, Hoang-Xuan K, Psimaras D, Douzane H, Ribeiro M, Capelle L, Carpentier A, Ricard D, Maingon P. Cognitive impairment and morphological changes after radiation therapy in brain tumors: A review. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:221-228. [PMID: 30041961 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy of patients treated for brain tumors has lengthened due to the therapeutic improvements. Cognitive impairment has been described following brain radiotherapy, but the mechanisms leading to this adverse event remain mostly unknown. Technical evolutions aim at enhancing the therapeutic ratio. Sparing of the healthy tissues has been improved using various approaches; however, few dose constraints have been established regarding brain structures associated with cognitive functions. The aims of this literature review are to report the main brain areas involved in cognitive adverse effects induced by radiotherapy as described in literature, to better understand brain radiosensitivity and to describe potential future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Jacob
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Radiation Oncology, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Cognition and Action Group, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Cognition and Action Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurology, France
| | - Loïc Feuvret
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Radiation Oncology, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Mazeron
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Radiation Oncology, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurology, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, France
| | - Khê Hoang-Xuan
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurology, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, France
| | - Dimitri Psimaras
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurology, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, France
| | - Hassen Douzane
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurology, France
| | - Monica Ribeiro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Cognition and Action Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurology, France
| | - Laurent Capelle
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurosurgery, France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, France; Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Neurosurgery, France
| | - Damien Ricard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Service de Santé des Armées, Cognition and Action Group, Paris, France; Service de Santé des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Department of Neurology, Clamart, France; Service de Santé des Armées, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Maingon
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Department of Radiation Oncology, France
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Shen B, Sun D. Natural Diterpenoid Isoferritin A (IsoA) Inhibits Glioma Cell Growth and Metastasis via Regulating of TGFβ-Induced EMT Signal Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3815-3823. [PMID: 29873321 PMCID: PMC6018373 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma is intractable primary brain carcinoma that has a poor survival rate. Natural diterpenoid isoferritin A (IsoA) presents antitumor effects by regulating signal pathways in tumor cells. In the present study we investigated the inhibitory effects of IsoA on glioma cells. Material/Methods The potential molecular mechanism of IsoA-mediated glioma cell growth and metastasis were investigated using Western blot, gene knockdown, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Results Results showed that IsoA significantly inhibits growth and metastasis of glioma cells in multiple preclinical settings. In vitro assay showed that IsoA (4 mg/ml) treatment significantly induced apoptosis of glioma cells. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that IsoA (4 mg/ml) treatment decreased TGFβ and regulated EMT markers expression in glioma cells. Reduced expression of TGFβ in glioma cells was closely correlated with inhibitory effects of IsoA on growth and metastasis of glioma cells. TGFβ overexpression promoted glioma cell growth and invasion. Results also showed that IsoA treatment significantly decreased Fibronectin and Vimentin and increased E-cadherin, while TGFβ overexpression abolished the regulation mediated by IsoA in glioma cells. In vivo assay showed that IsoA treatment inhibited tumor growth in a glioma-bearing mouse model. Conclusions Results indicate that IsoA could be regarded as a potential anti-cancer agent by regulating TGFβ-induced EMT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dezhou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Location of subventricular zone recurrence and its radiation dose predicts survival in patients with glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:549-556. [PMID: 29546530 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive brain tumors that frequently recur in the subventricular zone (SVZ) despite maximal treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate imaging patterns of subventricular progression and impact of recurrent subventricular tumor involvement and radiation dose to patient outcome. Retrospective review of 50 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma and treated with surgery, radiation, and concurrent temozolomide from January 2012 to June 2013 was performed. Tumors were classified based on location, size, and cortical and subventricular zone involvement. Survival was compared based on recurrence type, distance from the initial enhancing tumor (local ≤ 2 cm, distant > 2 cm), and the radiation dose at the recurrence site. Progression of enhancing subventricular tumor was common at both local (58%) and distant (42%) sites. Median survival was better after local SVZ recurrence than distant SVZ recurrence (8.7 vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.04). Radiation doses at local SVZ recurrence sites recurrence averaged 57.0 ± 4.0 Gy compared to 44.7 ± 6.7 Gy at distant SVZ recurrence sites (p = 0.008). Distant subventricular progression at a site receiving ≤ 45 Gy predicted worse subsequent survival (p = 0.05). Glioblastomas frequently recurred in the subventricular zone, and patient survival was worse when enhancing tumor occurred at sites that received lower radiation doses. This recurrent disease may represent disease undertreated at the time of diagnosis, and further study is needed to determine if improved treatment strategies, such as including the subventricular zone in radiation fields, could improve clinical outcomes.
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Yang W, Xu T, Garzon-Muvdi T, Jiang C, Huang J, Chaichana KL. Survival of Ventricular and Periventricular High-Grade Gliomas: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-Based Study. World Neurosurg 2017; 111:e323-e334. [PMID: 29258929 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressiveness of surgical resection for periventricular/ventricular high-grade gliomas (HGGs) is determined by operative risks and assumed effectiveness of radiation therapy (RT) on residual tumor. We aimed to clarify the impact of surgery and postoperative RT on patient survival in a population-based study. METHODS This population-based study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with ventricular malignant tumors were screened for HGGs. In accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification, we included cases with "diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors," "other astrocytic tumors," "ependymal tumors," and "other gliomas". Tumor grading followed definitions established by the WHO with supplementation from SEER classifications. Only grades III and IV were included. Individual factors were assessed by hazard ratio (HR) from multivariable survival analysis using accelerated failure time (AFT) regression. RESULTS We included 353 patients after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 38.77 ± 24.95 years, and the cohort was 61.5% male. Overall median survival was 12 months, with notable improvement over the last 3 decades. In a multivariate AFT model, older age (per 10-year increase, HR, 1.19; P < 0.001) was the sole nontreatment variable found to predict survival, whereas postoperative RT had a significant survival benefit (HR, 0.50; P < 0.001). No tumor characteristic (e.g., size, extent of invasion) predicted prognosis. Interestingly, neither partial resection nor TR/GTR was associated with improved outcome. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of ventricular HGGs is poor, with worse prognosis in older patients. We found no evidence to support aggressive surgical resection. Postoperative chemoradiation should be administered; however, the benefit of modification of the protocol for chemoradiation specifically for ventricular HGGs remains unknown and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Changchuan Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaisorn L Chaichana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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