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GamalEl Din SF, Abdelhafeez Abdelkader N, El-Amir MY, Sayed Ahmed AA, Abdel-Latif HF, Azmy MF. Seminal calbindin 2 level in azoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and its correlation with seminal and hormonal parameters. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11906. [PMID: 38193226 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess seminal calbindin 2 (CALB 2) expression in men with different semen parameters as well as its correlation with reproductive hormones in azoospermic patients and different semen parameters in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients. CALB 2 is also known as calretinin and 29 kDa calbindin. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was performed on 96 cases from the andrology outpatient clinic divided into 3 groups as follows: group 1 including 32 non obstructive azoospermic (NOA) patients, group 2 including 32 patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), and Group 3 including normozoospermic individuals as controls. Semen analysis and estimation of seminal CALB 2 concentrations by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique were performed for all participants. Reproductive hormones were measured in nonobstructive NOA patients. RESULTS The mean seminal CALB 2 level was higher in OAT patients compared to NOA patients and controls (7.8 ± 1.30 ng/ml, 7.3 ± 0.80 and 7.4 ± 1.0, respectively). Furthermore, the study had shown strong positive correlations between CALB 2 and sperm normal forms in controls and OAT patients. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between seminal CALB 2 and any of the reproductive hormones measured in NOA patients. CONCLUSIONS Seminal CALB 2 may play a role in increasing the abnormal forms in OAT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo.
| | | | - Mohamed Yousry El-Amir
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo.
| | | | - Hesham Fouad Abdel-Latif
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo.
| | - Mohamed Farag Azmy
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef.
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GamalEl Din SF, Zeidan A, Salam MAA, El Kader NAEHA, Mohamed SA, Azmy MF. Seminal Calbindin 2 in Infertile Men With Varicocele: A Prospective Comparative Study. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3077-3083. [PMID: 37067726 PMCID: PMC10556120 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared seminal calbindin 2 (CALB 2) levels and semen parameters in men with and without varicocele. CALB 2 is also known as calretinin and 29 kDa calbindin. The study was a case-control study conducted from April (2021) to March (2022) in the andrology department at Beni-Suef University hospital. The study included four matched groups: group (I) were controls (fertile normozoospermic men without varicocele) (n=24). Group (II) were fertile normozoospermic men with varicocele (n=24). Group (III) were infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) men without varicocele (n=24). Group (IV) were infertile OAT men with varicocele (n=24). The lowest levels of seminal CALB 2 were found in patients with severe oligozoospermia which showed a statistically significant difference when compared to seminal CALB 2 in patients with normal, mildly low, or moderately low sperm counts. There were significant negative correlations between sperm concentration, sperm motility and percentage of normal sperm forms and seminal CALB 2. Seminal plasma CALB 2 may play a role in the negative impact of varicocele on the semen parameters especially sperm concentration, sperm motility and percentage of sperm normal forms. Future studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Zeidan
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Salam
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Farag Azmy
- Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine - Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Li Y, Overland M, Derpinghaus A, Aksel S, Cao M, Ladwig N, Cunha GR, Baskin LS. Development of the human fetal testis: Morphology and expression of cellular differentiation markers. Differentiation 2023; 129:17-36. [PMID: 35490077 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive immunohistochemical ontogeny of the developing human fetal testis has remained incomplete in the literature to date. We collected human fetal testes from 8 to 21 weeks of fetal age, as well as postnatal human testes at minipuberty, pre-pubertal, and pubertal stages. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a comprehensive panel of antigens targeting gonadocytes, Sertoli cells, fetal Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells, and other hormonal and developmental targets. Testicular cords, precursor structures to seminiferous tubules, developed from 8 to 14 weeks of fetal age, separating the testis into the interstitial and intracordal compartments. Fetal gonadocytes were localized within the testicular cords and evaluated for Testis-Specific Protein Y, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Sal-like protein 4, and placental alkaline phosphatase expression. Fetal Sertoli cells were also localized in the testicular cords and evaluated for SRY-box Transcription Factor 9, inhibin, and anti-Mullerian hormone expression. Fetal Leydig cells were present in the interstitium and stained for cytochrome p450c17 and calretinin, while interstitial peritubular myoid cells were examined using smooth muscle α-actin staining. Androgen receptor expression was localized close to the testicular medulla at 8 weeks and then around the testicular cords in the interstitium as they matured in structure. Postnatal staining showed that Testis-Specific Protein Y remained positive of male gonadocytes throughout adulthood. Anti-Mullerian hormone, SRY-box Transcription Factor 9, and Steroidogenic factor 1 are expressed by the postnatal Sertoli cells at all ages examined. Leydig cell markers cytochrome p450c17 and calretinin are expressed during mini-puberty and puberty, but not expressed during the pre-pubertal period. Smooth muscle α-actin and androgen receptor were not expressed during mini-puberty or pre-puberty, but again expressed during the pubertal period. The ontogenic map of the human fetal and postnatal testicular structure and expression patterns described here will serve as a reference for future investigations into normal and abnormal testicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Maya Overland
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Amber Derpinghaus
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sena Aksel
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas Ladwig
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Kugathas I, Johansson HKL, Chan Sock Peng E, Toupin M, Evrard B, Darde TA, Boberg J, Draskau MK, Rolland AD, Mazaud-Guittot S, Chalmel F, Svingen T. Transcriptional profiling of the developing rat ovary following intrauterine exposure to the endocrine disruptors diethylstilbestrol and ketoconazole. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:849-863. [PMID: 36653537 PMCID: PMC9968686 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during development may cause reproductive disorders in women. Although female reproductive endpoints are assessed in rodent toxicity studies, a concern is that typical endpoints are not sensitive enough to detect chemicals of concern to human health. If so, measured endpoints must be improved or new biomarkers of effects included. Herein, we have characterized the dynamic transcriptional landscape of developing rat ovaries exposed to two well-known EDCs, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ketoconazole (KTZ), by 3' RNA sequencing. Rats were orally exposed from day 7 of gestation until birth, and from postnatal day 1 until days 6, 14 or 22. Three exposure doses for each chemical were used: 3, 6 and 12 µg/kg bw/day of DES; 3, 6, 12 mg/kg bw/day of KTZ. The transcriptome changed dynamically during perinatal development in control ovaries, with 1137 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) partitioned into 3 broad expression patterns. A cross-species deconvolution strategy based on a mouse ovary developmental cell atlas was used to map any changes to ovarian cellularity across the perinatal period to allow for characterization of actual changes to gene transcript levels. A total of 184 DEGs were observed across dose groups and developmental stages in DES-exposed ovaries, and 111 DEGs in KTZ-exposed ovaries across dose groups and developmental stages. Based on our analyses, we have identified new candidate biomarkers for female reproductive toxicity induced by EDC, including Kcne2, Calb2 and Insl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indusha Kugathas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hanna K. L. Johansson
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edith Chan Sock Peng
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maryne Toupin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Monica K. Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Antoine D. Rolland
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 9 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Özbek M, Beyaz F, Ergün E, Ergün L, Karaca H, Cabir A, Alesawi YAK. Identification of some calcium binding proteins and neural cell markers in rat testis and epididymis during postnatal development. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14633. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Özbek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Beyaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Emel Ergün
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Levent Ergün
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Harun Karaca
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cabir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Yahy Abood Kareem Alesawi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
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Draskau MK, Lardenois A, Evrard B, Boberg J, Chalmel F, Svingen T. Transcriptome analysis of fetal rat testis following intrauterine exposure to the azole fungicides triticonazole and flusilazole reveals subtle changes despite adverse endocrine effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128468. [PMID: 33032228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoles are used in agriculture and medicine to combat fungal infections. We have previously examined the endocrine disrupting properties of the agricultural azole fungicides triticonazole and flusilazole. Triticonazole displayed strong androgen receptor (AR) antagonism in vitro, whereas in utero exposure resulted in anti-androgenic effects in vivo evidenced by shorter anogenital distance (AGD) in fetal male rats. Flusilazole displayed strong AR antagonism, but less potent than triticonazole, and disrupted steroidogenesis in vitro, whereas in utero exposure disrupted fetal male plasma hormone levels. To elaborate on how these azole fungicides can disrupt male reproductive development by different mechanisms, and to investigate whether feminization effects such as short AGD in males can also be detected at the transcript level in fetal testes, we profiled fetal testis transcriptomes after in utero exposure to triticonazole and flusilazole by 3'Digital Gene Expression (3'DGE). The analysis revealed few transcriptional changes after exposure to either compound at gestation day 17 and 21. This suggests that the observed influence of flusilazole on hormone production may be by directly targeting steroidogenic enzyme activity in the testis at the protein level, whereas observations of shorter AGD by triticonazole may primarily be due to disturbed androgen signaling in androgen-sensitive tissues. Expression of Calb2 and Gsta2 was altered by flusilazole but not triticonazole and may pinpoint novel pathways of disrupted testicular steroid synthesis. Our findings have wider implication for how we integrate omics data in chemical testing frameworks, including selection of non-animal test methods and building of Adverse Outcome Pathways for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kam Draskau
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Aurélie Lardenois
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark.
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Xiang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhang J. Characterization and Localization of Calb2 in Both the Testis and Ovary of the Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091503. [PMID: 32858799 PMCID: PMC7552167 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Calretinin (CALB2), which is a Ca2+-binding protein, plays a known pivotal role in the neural system in vertebrates. The role of CALB2 in mammalian gonads has been gradually recognized; however, little information on the function of CALB2 in fish gonads has been reported. Therefore, we firstly identified the calb2 gene in Paralichthys olivaceus (P. olivaceus), and then investigated its tissue distribution and localization in the gonads by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The P. olivaceus calb2 mRNA was relatively highly expressed in both the testis and ovary. The CALB2 protein is located in Leydig cells of the testis and ovarian germ epithelial cells in P. olivaceus. This study provides a basis for further explorations on the function and regulation mechanism of calb2 in fish gonads. Abstract Although its function in mammalian gonads has been gradually recognized, the expression and function of calretinin (CALB2)—a Ca2+-binding protein—in the testis and ovary of fish are still unclear. Here, we identified the cDNA sequences of calb2 in Paralichthys olivaceus (P. olivaceus); analyzed its gene structure and phylogenetic and syntenic relationship by bioinformatics; and investigated its tissue distribution and localization in the gonads by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The P. olivaceuscalb2 gene has 11 exons and 10 introns, and the full-length cDNA is 1457 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 816 bp encoding 271 amino acids. The CALB2 of P. olivaceus has a higher homology with Lates calcarifer (99%) compared with other species. The conserved synteny of calb2 neighboring gene loci was also detected in fish. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of calb2 mRNA is abundant not only in the brain, but also in the gonads, and exhibits a higher expression in the testis than in the ovary. Western blotting indicated that the CALB2 protein has a higher expression in the testis compared with the ovary. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the CALB2 protein appears in Leydig cells and the ovarian germ epithelium. These results reveal that calb2 plays an important role in the gonads of P. olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yahui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jikui Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture; National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai); Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-6190-0753 (J.W.); +86-6190-0437 (J.Z.)
| | - Junling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-6190-0753 (J.W.); +86-6190-0437 (J.Z.)
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Johansson HKL, Svingen T, Boberg J, Fowler PA, Stead D, Vinggaard AM, Filis P. Calretinin is a novel candidate marker for adverse ovarian effects of early life exposure to mixtures of endocrine disruptors in the rat. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1241-1250. [PMID: 32221642 PMCID: PMC7225203 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of sensitive stages of ovary development during fetal and perinatal life can have severe and life-long consequences for a woman’s reproductive life. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals may affect ovarian development, leading to subsequent reproductive disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of early life exposure to defined mixtures of human-relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals on the rat ovary. We aimed to identify molecular events involved in pathogenesis of ovarian dysgenesis syndrome that have potential for future adverse outcome pathway development. We therefore focused on the ovarian proteome. Rats were exposed to a mixture of phthalates, pesticides, UV-filters, bisphenol A, butyl-paraben, and paracetamol during gestation and lactation. The chemicals were tested together or in subgroups of chemicals with anti-androgenic or estrogenic potentials at doses 450-times human exposure. Paracetamol was tested separately, at a dose of 360 mg/kg. Using shotgun proteomics on ovaries from pup day 17 offspring, we observed exposure effects on the proteomes. Nine proteins were affected in more than one exposure group and of these, we conclude that calretinin is a potential key event biomarker of early endocrine disruption in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David Stead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Xu W, Zhu Q, Liu S, Dai X, Zhang B, Gao C, Gao L, Liu J, Cui Y. Calretinin Participates in Regulating Steroidogenesis by PLC-Ca 2+-PKC Pathway in Leydig Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7403. [PMID: 29743498 PMCID: PMC5943404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calretinin, a Ca2+-binding protein, participates in many cellular events. Our previous studies found the high expression of calretinin in testicular Leydig cells. In this study, (MLTC-1 cells were infected with LV-calb2, R2C cells with LV-siRNA-calb2. The primary mouse Leydig cells were also used to confirm those data from cell lines. Testosterone level was significantly higher in the MLTC-1 cells with over-expressed calretinin than in the control, while progesterone was lower in the R2C cells in which down-regulated calretinin. The expressions of StAR changed in synchrony with hormones. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ level was significantly increased when calretinin was over-expressed. When MLTC-1 cells were infected with LV-calb2 and then stimulated using Clopiazonic, a Ca2+-releasing agent, testosterone was significantly increased. Interestingly, the expression levels of PLC, p-PKCµ (PKD), p-MARCKS and CREB, were significantly increased in the MLTC-1 cells with over-expressed calretinin, while PLC, p-PKD, p-MARCKS, MARCKS and CREB were decreased in the R2C cells with down-regulated calretinin. We also observed the increased expression of calretinin up-regulated testosterone production and the expressions of StAR and PLC in primary mouse Leydig cells. So, calretinin as a Ca2+-binding protein participates in the regulation of steroidogenesis via the PLC-Ca2+-PKC pathway in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Hebei Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210005, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Altobelli GG, Van Noorden S, Cimini V. Calcium-binding protein and some neuropeptides in the retina of Octopus vulgaris: A morpho-histochemical study. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6866-6876. [PMID: 29682745 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of both calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) and neuropeptides in the retina and brain of various species of vertebrates and invertebrates is well documented. Octopus retina is particularly interesting because it represents a case of convergent evolution. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of two CBPs, calretinin and calbindin, in Octopus retina using morphology, in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Calretinin-like immunoreactivity was found in the photoreceptor cells, but unexpectedly also in the supporting cells. In situ hybridization and Western blot analysis confirmed these results. No immunoreactivity was found for calbindin. Two neuropeptides, Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein were also localized in the Octopus retina by immunocytochemistry. Our work provides new insights about calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptide distribution in Octopus retina and suggests a functional role for calretinin, a highly conserved protein, in visual signal transduction of cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna G Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Cimini
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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