1
|
Sun Y, Huang Y, Hao Z, Zhang S, Tian Q. MRLC controls apoptotic cell death and functions to regulate epidermal development during planarian regeneration and homeostasis. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13524. [PMID: 37357415 PMCID: PMC10771114 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) are pluripotent cells with the capacity to self-renew and constantly replace lost cells due to physiological turnover or injury. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the precise coordination of stem cell proliferation and proper cell fate decision is important to regeneration and organismal homeostasis. The planarian epidermis provides a highly tractable model to study ASC complex dynamic due to the distinct spatiotemporal differentiation stages during lineage development. Here, we identified the myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) homologue in the Dugesia japonica transcriptome. We found high expression levels of MRLC in wound region during regeneration and also expressed in late epidermal progenitors as an essential regulator of the lineage from neoblasts to mature epidermal cells. We investigated the function of MRLC using in situ hybridization, real-time polymerase chain reaction and double fluorescent and uncovered the potential mechanism. Knockdown of MRLC leads to a remarkable increase in cell death, causes severe abnormalities during regeneration and homeostasis and eventually leads to animal death. The global decrease in epidermal cell in MRLC RNAi animals induces accelerated epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, we find that MRLC is co-expressed with cdc42 and acts cooperatively to control the epidermal lineage development by affecting cell death. Our results uncover an important role of MRLC, as an inhibitor of apoptosis, involves in epidermal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Sun
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yongding Huang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhitai Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyNew York University, School of MedicineNew YorkUSA
| | - Shoutao Zhang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced ImmunologyZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Qingnan Tian
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou P, Yang G, Xie W. Organization of cortical microtubules in differentiated cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1141-1147. [PMID: 36960617 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, and its structures and functions have been extensively studied. However, little is known about cell differentiation-related microtubule remodeling, its regulatory mechanisms, and its physiological functions. Recent studies have shown that microtubule-binding proteins as well as cell junctions, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions, are involved in the remodeling of microtubules in response to cell differentiation. In addition, the microtubule-organizing activity and structural integrity of centrosomes undergo dramatic changes during cell differentiation to promote microtubule remodeling. Here we summarize recent advances revealing the dynamic changes in microtubule organization and functions during cell differentiation. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule modeling in differentiated cells, focusing on the key roles played by microtubule-binding proteins, cell junctions, and centrosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong T, Wu X, Xie W, Luo X, Song T, Sun S, Luo Y, Li D, Liu M, Xie S, Zhou J. ENKD1 promotes epidermal stratification by regulating spindle orientation in basal keratinocytes. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1719-1729. [PMID: 35197565 PMCID: PMC9433399 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratification of the epidermis is essential for the barrier function of the skin. However, the molecular mechanisms governing epidermal stratification are not fully understood. Herein, we demonstrate that enkurin domain-containing protein 1 (ENKD1) contributes to epidermal stratification by modulating the cell-division orientation of basal keratinocytes. The epidermis of Enkd1 knockout mice is thinner than that of wild-type mice due to reduced generation of suprabasal cells from basal keratinocytes through asymmetric division. Depletion of ENKD1 impairs proper orientation of the mitotic spindle and delays mitotic progression in cultured cells. Mechanistic investigation further reveals that ENKD1 is a novel microtubule-binding protein that promotes the stability of astral microtubules. Introduction of the microtubule-binding domain of ENKD1 can largely rescue the spindle orientation defects in ENKD1-depleted cells. These findings establish ENKD1 as a critical regulator of astral microtubule stability and spindle orientation that stimulates epidermal stratification in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangrui Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ting Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Youguang Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The specialized mitotic behavior of human embryonic stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:85-93. [PMID: 34729647 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are self-renewing and pluripotent cells that originate from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Mitosis is fundamental to organism survival and reproduction and is responsible for the equal distribution of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. Mitotic dysfunction is associated with a wide variety of human diseases, not least cancer. hESCs have a unique cell cycle distribution, but it is unclear exactly how the mitotic activity of hESCs is related to their proliferation and differentiation. Here, we established a cell line of hESCs stably expressing GFP-α-tubulin and mCherry-H2B by lentiviral infection to analyze and visualize mitosis in detail. During metaphase, the mitotic spindle was smaller and wider and contained a greater proportion of astral microtubules than normal cells. In addition, spindle microtubules were more stable, and chromosome alignment was faster in hESCs than in somatic cells. We also found that the spindle assembly checkpoint was functional in hESCs. These findings thus reveal a specialized mitotic behavior of hESCs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miller C, Crampin E, Osborne JM. Maintaining the proliferative cell niche in multicellular models of epithelia. J Theor Biol 2021; 527:110807. [PMID: 34119497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of the proliferative cell niche is critical to epithelial tissue morphology and function. In this paper we investigate how current modelling methods can result in the erroneous loss of proliferative cells from the proliferative cell niche. Using an established model of the inter-follicular epidermis we find there is a limit to the proliferative cell densities that can be maintained in the basal layer (the niche) if we do not include additional mechanisms to stop the loss of proliferative cells from the niche. We suggest a new methodology that enables maintenance of a desired homeostatic population of proliferative cells in the niche: a rotational force is applied to the two daughter cells during the mitotic phase of division to enforce a particular division direction. We demonstrate that this new methodology achieves this goal. This methodology reflects the regulation of the orientation of cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Miller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Edmund Crampin
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - James M Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
High proliferation and delamination during skin epidermal stratification. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3227. [PMID: 34050161 PMCID: PMC8163813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of complex stratified epithelial barriers in mammals is initiated from single-layered epithelia. How stratification is initiated and fueled are still open questions. Previous studies on skin epidermal stratification suggested a central role for perpendicular/asymmetric cell division orientation of the basal keratinocyte progenitors. Here, we use centrosomes, that organize the mitotic spindle, to test whether cell division orientation and stratification are linked. Genetically ablating centrosomes from the developing epidermis leads to the activation of the p53-, 53BP1- and USP28-dependent mitotic surveillance pathway causing a thinner epidermis and hair follicle arrest. The centrosome/p53-double mutant keratinocyte progenitors significantly alter their division orientation in the later stages without majorly affecting epidermal differentiation. Together with time-lapse imaging and tissue growth dynamics measurements, the data suggest that the first and major phase of epidermal development is boosted by high proliferation rates in both basal and suprabasally-committed keratinocytes as well as cell delamination, whereas the second phase maybe uncoupled from the division orientation of the basal progenitors. The data provide insights for tissue homeostasis and hyperproliferative diseases that may recapitulate developmental programs. How the developing skin epidermis is transformed from a simple single-layered epithelium to a complex and stratified barrier is still an open question. Here, the authors provide a model based on high proliferation and delamination of the keratinocyte progenitors that support the stratification process.
Collapse
|
8
|
Doi N, Togari H, Minagi K, Iwaoka Y, Tai A, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Tatsuka M. 2-O-Octadecylascorbic acid represses RhoGDIβ expression and ameliorates DNA damage-induced abnormal spindle orientations. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:739-751. [PMID: 33586155 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate regulation of spindle orientation maintains proper tissue homeostasis and avoids aberrant tissue repair or regeneration. Spindle misorientation due to imbalance or improper functioning leads to a loss of tissue integrity and aberrant growth, such as tissue loss or overgrowth. Pharmacological manipulation to prevent spindle misorientation will enable a better understanding of how spindle orientation is involved in physiological and pathological conditions and will provide therapeutic possibilities to treat patients associated with abnormal tissue function caused by spindle misorientation. N-terminal-deleted Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor β (RhoGDIβ/RhoGDI2/LyGDI) produced by caspase-3 activation perturbs spindle orientation in surviving cells following exposure to either ionizing radiation or UVC. Thus, presumably, RhoGDIβ cleaved by caspase-3 activation acts as a determinant of radiation-induced spindle misorientation that promote aberrant tissue repair due to deregulation of directional organization of cell population and therefore becomes a potential target of drugs to prevent such response. The objective of this study was to screen and identify chemicals that suppress RhoGDIβ expression. We focused our attention on ascorbic acid (AA) derivatives because of their impact on the maintenance of skin tissue homeostasis. Here, we screened for AA derivatives that suppress RhoGDIβ expression in HeLa cells and identified a lipophilic derivative, 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid (2-OctadecylAA), as a novel RhoGDIβ inhibitor that ameliorated ionizing radiation-induced abnormal spindle orientations. Among all examined AA derivatives, which were also antioxidative, the inhibition activity was specific to 2-OctadecylAA. Therefore, this activity was not due to simple antioxidant properties. 2-OctadecylAA was previously shown to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma development. Our findings suggest that the anticarcinogenic effects of 2-OctadecylAA are partly due to RhoGDIβ inhibition mechanisms by which spindle orientation perturbations are attenuated. Thus, the molecular targeting features of RhoGDIβ warrant its further development for the treatment or control of spindle orientation abnormalities that affect epithelial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Doi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiro Togari
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Minagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwaoka
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flora P, Ezhkova E. Regulatory mechanisms governing epidermal stem cell function during development and homeostasis. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev194100. [PMID: 33191273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell divisions and cell-fate decisions require stringent regulation for proper tissue development and homeostasis. The mammalian epidermis is a highly organized tissue structure that is sustained by epidermal stem cells (ESCs) that balance self-renewal and cell-fate decisions to establish a protective barrier, while replacing dying cells during homeostasis and in response to injury. Extensive work over past decades has provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control ESC specification, self-renewal and maintenance during different stages of the lifetime of an organism. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that have furthered our understanding of key regulatory features that allow ESCs to establish a functional barrier during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu X, Zhou J, Li D. Orientation of the Mitotic Spindle in Blood Vessel Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583325. [PMID: 33072763 PMCID: PMC7533553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis requires coordinated endothelial cell specification, proliferation, and collective migration. The orientation of endothelial cell division is tightly regulated during the earliest stages of blood vessel formation in response to morphogenetic cues and the controlled orientation of the mitotic spindle. Consequently, oriented cell division is a vital mechanism in vessel morphogenesis, and defective spindle orientation can perturb the spatial arrangement of daughter cells and consequently contribute to several diseases related to vascular development. Many factors affect endothelial cell proliferation and orientation and therefore blood vessel formation, with the relationship between improper spindle orientation in endothelial cells and various diseases extensively studied. Here we review the molecular mechanisms driving the orientation of endothelial cell division, particularly with respect to the mitotic spindle, and how these processes affect vascular development, disease pathogenesis, and their potential as novel targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Protective Effects of Salicornia europaea on UVB-Induced Misoriented Cell Divisions in Skin Epithelium. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct orientation of cell division is extremely important in the maintenance, regeneration, and repair of continuously proliferating tissues, such as the epidermis. Regulation of the axis of division of epidermal cells prevents the apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation, and eventually the cancer. Thus, the orientation of cell division is critical for maintaining the tissue architecture. In this study, we investigated the effects of S. europaea extract on the texture of human skin and the behavior of these cells during skin morphogenesis. In sun-exposed skin, S. europaea improved the texture. A multilayered, highly differentiated in vitro skin model indicated that, S. europaea extract suppressed the UVB-induced changes in the morphology of basal keratinocytes. Orientation of cell division was determined by measuring the axis of mitosis in the vertical sections of our experimental model. Analyses of the digital images revealed that S. europaea preserved the axis of division of basal keratinocytes from UVB-induced perturbations. Our findings uncover a new mechanism by which S. europaea responds to the spindle misorientation induced by UVB.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen M, Cao Y, Dong D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Luo Y, Chen Q, Xiao X, Zhou J, Xie W, Li D, Xie S, Liu M. Regulation of mitotic spindle orientation by phosphorylation of end binding protein 1. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111618. [PMID: 31505167 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
End binding protein 1 (EB1) is a key regulator of microtubule dynamics that orchestrates hierarchical interaction networks at microtubule plus ends to control proper cell division. EB1 activity is known to be regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation; however, how tyrosine phosphorylation affects EB1 activity remains poorly understood. In this study, we mapped the tyrosine phosphorylation pattern of EB1 in synchronized cells and identified two tyrosine phosphorylation sites (Y217 and Y247) in mitotic cells. Using phospho-deficient (Y/F) and phospho-mimic (Y/D) mutants, we revealed that Y247, but not Y217, is critical for astral microtubule stability. The Y247D mutant contributed to increased spindle angle, indicative of defects in spindle orientation. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that the Y247D mutant significantly delayed mitotic progression by increasing the duration times of prometaphase and metaphase. Structural analysis suggests that Y247 mutants lead to instability of the hydrophobic cavity in the EB homology (EBH) domain, thereby affecting its interactions with p150glued, a protein essential for Gαi/LGN/NuMA complex capture. These findings uncover a crucial role for EB1 phosphorylation in the regulation of mitotic spindle orientation and cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shandong, 274300, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Zaozhuang Central District People's Hospital, Shandong, 277011, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Doi N, Kunimatsu Y, Fujiura K, Togari H, Minagi K, Nakaoji K, Hamada K, Temme A, Tatsuka M. RhoGDIβ affects HeLa cell spindle orientation following UVC irradiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15134-15146. [PMID: 30652309 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular signals that regulate mitotic spindle orientation to determine the proper division axis play a critical role in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, deregulation of signaling events can result in spindle misorientation, which in turn can trigger developmental defects and cancer progression. Little is known about the cellular signaling pathway involved in the misorientation of proliferating cells that evade apoptosis after DNA damage. In this study, we found that perturbations to spindle orientation were induced in ultraviolet C (UVC)-irradiated surviving cells. N-terminal truncated Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor β (RhoGDIβ), which is produced by UVC irradiation, distorted the spindle orientation of HeLa cells cultured on Matrigel. The short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of RhoGDIβ significantly attenuated UVC-induced misorientation. Subsequent expression of wild-type RhoGDIβ, but not a noncleavable mutant, RhoGDIβ (D19A), again led to a relative increase in spindle misorientation in response to UVC. Our findings revealed that RhoGDIβ impacts spindle orientation in response to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Doi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kunimatsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouhei Fujiura
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiro Togari
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Minagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakaoji
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hamada
- Research & Development Division, Pias Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shoubara, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie W, Zhou J. Aberrant regulation of autophagy in mammalian diseases. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0540. [PMID: 29321247 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major cellular metabolic pathway that facilitates degradation of a subset of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells. This pathway plays a vital role in preserving the cellular homeostasis of the cells themselves, in addition to maintaining the normal physiological state of cell renewal. Many stressors, such as starvation, ischaemia and oxidative stress can induce autophagy. In addition to its physiological roles, autophagy also occurs in a wide variety of pathological processes, including tumour progression, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative and lung diseases. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that autophagy also plays a key role in the development of mammalian diseases, a function that has garnered substantial attention and study. An in-depth understanding of the molecular role that autophagy plays in pathological settings is vital for both the diagnosis and treatment of mammalian diseases and will aid in the search for novel targets for therapeutic drug intervention. Here, we provide an integrated review of recent studies implicating autophagy dysfunction in the progression of mammalian disorders and summarize research suggesting that the molecular pathways involved in autophagy could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xie S, Yang Y, Lin X, Zhou J, Li D, Liu M. Characterization of a novel EB1 acetylation site important for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and cargo recruitment. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2581-2589. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Shandong Normal University; Jinan Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie W, Yang Y, Gao S, Song T, Wu Y, Li D, Liu M, Zhou J. The tumor suppressor CYLD controls epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis by regulating mitotic spindle behavior and adherens junction assembly. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:343-353. [PMID: 28750888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis are essential for animal development and tissue regeneration, and epithelial disorganization is associated with developmental disorders and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the morphogenesis and homeostasis of the epithelium remain elusive. Herein, we report a novel role for the cylindromatosis (CYLD) tumor suppressor in these events. Our results show that CYLD depletion disrupts epithelial organization in both Drosophila egg chambers and mouse skin and intestinal epithelia. Microscopic analysis of proliferating cells in mouse epithelial tissues and cultured organoids reveals that loss of CYLD synergizes with tumor-promoting agents to cause the misorientation of the mitotic spindle. Mechanistic studies show that CYLD accumulates at the cell cortex in epithelial tissues and cultured cells, where it promotes the formation of epithelial adherens junctions through the modulation of microtubule dynamics. These data suggest that CYLD controls epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis by modulating the assembly of adherens junctions and ensuring proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. Our findings thus provide novel insight into the role of CYLD in development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|