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Liu T, Wei H, Zhang L, Ma C, Wei Y, Jiang T, Li W. Metformin attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and necroptosis through AMPK pathway in type 2 diabetic recipient rats. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38745191 PMCID: PMC11094932 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) can aggravate lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is a significant risk factor for recipient mortality after lung transplantation. Metformin protects against I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, the effect of metformin on diabetic lung I/R injury remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effect and mechanism of metformin on lung I/R injury following lung transplantation in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: the control + sham group (CS group), the control + I/R group (CIR group), the DM + sham group (DS group), the DM + I/R group (DIR group), the DM + I/R + metformin group (DIRM group) and the DM + I/R + metformin + Compound C group (DIRMC group). Control and diabetic rats underwent the sham operation or left lung transplantation operation. Lung function, alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, necroptosis and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio were determined after 24 h of reperfusion. RESULTS Compared with the CIR group, the DIR group exhibited decreased lung function, increased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, but decreased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. Metformin improved the function of lung grafts, decreased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, and increased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. In contrast, the protective effects of metformin were abrogated by Compound C. CONCLUSIONS Metformin attenuates lung I/R injury and necroptosis through AMPK pathway in type 2 diabetic lung transplant recipient rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Can Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
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Li D, Jing J, Dong X, Zhang C, Wang J, Wan X. Activating transcription factor 3: A potential therapeutic target for inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1028. [PMID: 37773692 PMCID: PMC10515505 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a nuclear protein that is widely expressed in a variety of cells. It is a stress-inducible transcription gene and a member of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding protein (ATF/CREB) family. METHODS The comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms used were "ATF3", "ATF3 and (ALI or ARDS)", "ATF3 and COPD", "ATF3 and PF", and "ATF3 and Posttranslational modifications". RESULTS Recent studies have shown that ATF3 plays a critical role in many inflammatory pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). ATF3 participates in many signaling pathways and complex pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell proliferation. However, the role of ATF3 in current studies is controversial, and there are reports showing that ATF3 plays different roles in different pulmonary diseases. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we first summarized the structure, function, and mechanism of ATF3 in various inflammatory pulmonary diseases. The impact of ATF3 on disease pathogenesis and the clinical implications was particularly focused on, with an overall aim to identify new targets for treating inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Juanjuan Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianyao Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Shutong L, Yu J, Jia W, Huafei D, Shifan Y, Huili W, Lianhong Z, Xiehong L, Yanjuan L, Fang C. HO-1/autophagic flux axis alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110473. [PMID: 36150419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the multiple organ injuries induced by sepsis, acute lung injury (ALI) triggered by an excessive inflammatory response is one of the main causes contributing to patient death, and inhibition of the inflammation cascade is the key therapeutic strategy to improve prognosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex is considered an intracellular signaling molecule closely associated with the uncontrolled inflammatory response in sepsis-induced ALI. Therefore, exploring new targets to repress its activation is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy. Growing evidence demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) contributed to general anti-inflammation and exerted a protective role in ALI, but its underlying mechanisms have not been clarified completely. Herein, we investigated HO-1 was elevated in alveolar macrophages isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of sepsis mice. HO-1 abundance suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines release, thereby alleviating sepsis-induced ALI. Whereas inhibition of HO-1 reached the opposite effect. Meanwhile, HO-1 is an effective and functionally relevant regulator of autophagic flux. HO-1 activator decreased the expression of P62 and enhanced the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, resulting in autophagic flux activation. In addition, the protective effects HO-1 exerted in sepsis-induced ALI could be abolished by autophagic flux inhibitor. Autophagic flux activator could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuate ALI, while autophagic flux inhibitor had the opposite effect. In conclusion, our study revealed increased HO-1 expression inhibited the level of NLRP3 inflammasome via regulating the activation of autophagic flux, thus attenuating inflammatory response and alleviating sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shutong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China
| | - Wang Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Deng Huafei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Yan Shifan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wen Huili
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zou Lianhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China
| | - Liu Xiehong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China
| | - Liu Yanjuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China.
| | - Chen Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomic, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410015, China.
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Liu F, Cheng X, Wu S, Hu B, Yang C, Deng S, Shi Q. Nickel oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis and ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells via ATF3. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1093-1103. [PMID: 35061333 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs), which have been widely produced and applied in industry, leads to adverse pulmonary and systemic effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of apoptosis and ferroptosis in NiONPs-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Intratracheal instillation of NiONPs into mice elevated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophils, and proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and triggered apoptosis and ferroptosis in the lung tissues. Consistently, NiONPs-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis were observed in in vitro experiments using human lung epithelial cells. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-inducible transcription factor, was upregulated by NiONPs exposure in both murine lung tissues and human lung epithelial cells. Moreover, human lung epithelial cells with ATF3 deficiency exhibited a lower level of apoptosis and ferroptosis when exposed to NiONPs. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that ATF3 was responsive to NiONPs exposure, and promoted NiONPs-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells, indicating that ATF3 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NiONPs-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufen Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwen Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Napolioni V, Bianconi F, Potenza R, Carpi FM, Ludovini V, Picciolini M, Tofanetti FR, Bufalari A, Pallotti S, Poggi C, Anile M, Daddi N, Venuta F, Puma F, Vannucci J. Genome-wide expression of the residual lung reacting to experimental Pneumonectomy. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:881. [PMID: 34872491 PMCID: PMC8650537 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute or chronic irreversible respiratory failure may occur in patients undergoing pneumonectomy. Aim of this study was to determine transcriptome expression changes after experimental pneumonectomy in swine model. Experimental left pneumonectomy was performed in five pigs under general anaesthesia. Both the resected and the remaining lung, after 60 post-operative completely uneventful days, underwent genome-wide bulk RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results Histological analysis showed dilation of air spaces and rupture of interalveolar septa. In addition, mild inflammation, no fibrosis, radial stretch of the bronchus, strong enlargement of airspaces and thinning of the blood supply were observed. Bioinformatic analyses of bulk RNA-Seq data identified 553 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) at adjusted P-value below 0.001, between pre- and post-pneumonectomy. The top 10 up-regulated DEGs were Edn1, Areg, Havcr2, Gadd45g, Depp1, Cldn4, Atf3, Myc, Gadd45b, Socs3; the top 10 down-regulated DEGs were Obscn, Cdkn2b, ENSSSCG00000015738, Prrt2, Amer1, Flrt3, Efnb2, Tox3, Znf793, Znf365. Leveraging digital cytometry tools, no difference in cellular abundance was found between the two experimental groups, while the analysis of cell type-specific gene expression patterns highlighted a striking predominance of macrophage-specific genes among the DEGs. DAVID-based gene ontology analysis showed a significant enrichment of “Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway” (FDR q = 7.60 × 10− 3) and “Response to insulin” (FDR q = 7.60 × 10− 3) genes, along with an enrichment of genes involved as “Negative regulators of DDX58/IFIH1 signaling” (FDR q = 7.50 × 10− 4) found by querying the REACTOME pathway database. Gene network analyses indicated a general dysregulation of gene inter-connections. Conclusion This translational genomics study highlighted the existence both of individual genes, mostly dysregulated in certain cellular populations (e.g., macrophages), and gene-networks involved in pulmonary reaction after left pneumonectomy. Their involvement in lung homeostasis is largely supported by previous studies, carried out both in humans and in other animal models (under homeostatic or disease-related conditions), that adopted candidate-gene approaches. Overall, the present findings represent a preliminary assessment for future, more focused, studies on compensatory lung adaptation, pulmonary regeneration and functional reload. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08171-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Napolioni
- Genomic and Molecular Epidemiology (GAME) Lab., School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Potenza
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vienna Ludovini
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca R Tofanetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pallotti
- Genetics and Animal Breeding Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Camilla Poggi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Anile
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Daddi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Brocard M, Lu J, Hall B, Borah K, Moller-Levet C, Georgana I, Sorgeloos F, Beste DJV, Goodfellow IG, Locker N. Murine Norovirus Infection Results in Anti-inflammatory Response Downstream of Amino Acid Depletion in Macrophages. J Virol 2021; 95:e0113421. [PMID: 34346771 PMCID: PMC8475529 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01134-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine norovirus (MNV) infection results in a late translation shutoff that is proposed to contribute to the attenuated and delayed innate immune response observed both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we further demonstrated the activation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) kinase GCN2 during MNV infection, which has been previously linked to immunomodulation and resistance to inflammatory signaling during metabolic stress. While viral infection is usually associated with activation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding pattern recognition receptor PKR, we hypothesized that the establishment of a metabolic stress in infected cells is a proviral event, exploited by MNV to promote replication through weakening the activation of the innate immune response. In this study, we used multi-omics approaches to characterize cellular responses during MNV replication. We demonstrate the activation of pathways related to the integrated stress response, a known driver of anti-inflammatory phenotypes in macrophages. In particular, MNV infection causes an amino acid imbalance that is associated with GCN2 and ATF2 signaling. Importantly, this reprogramming lacks the features of a typical innate immune response, with the ATF/CHOP target GDF15 contributing to the lack of antiviral responses. We propose that MNV-induced metabolic stress supports the establishment of host tolerance to viral replication and propagation. IMPORTANCE During viral infection, host defenses are typically characterized by the secretion of proinflammatory autocrine and paracrine cytokines, potentiation of the interferon (IFN) response, and induction of the antiviral response via activation of JAK and Stat signaling. To avoid these and propagate, viruses have evolved strategies to evade or counteract host sensing. In this study, we demonstrate that murine norovirus controls the antiviral response by activating a metabolic stress response that activates the amino acid response and impairs inflammatory signaling. This highlights novel tools in the viral countermeasures arsenal and demonstrates the importance of the currently poorly understood metabolic reprogramming occurring during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Brocard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Lu
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Hall
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Khushboo Borah
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Moller-Levet
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Iliana Georgana
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Sorgeloos
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dany J. V. Beste
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G. Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Islam ABMMK, Khan MAAK, Ahmed R, Hossain MS, Kabir SMT, Islam MS, Siddiki AMAMZ. Transcriptome of nasopharyngeal samples from COVID-19 patients and a comparative analysis with other SARS-CoV-2 infection models reveal disparate host responses against SARS-CoV-2. J Transl Med 2021; 19:32. [PMID: 33413422 PMCID: PMC7790360 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is becoming evident that individual's immune system has a decisive influence on SARS-CoV-2 disease progression, pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to profile the host transcriptome of COVID-19 patients from nasopharyngeal samples along with virus genomic features isolated from respective host, and a comparative analyses of differential host responses in various SARS-CoV-2 infection systems. RESULTS Unique and rare missense mutations in 3C-like protease observed in all of our reported isolates. Functional enrichment analyses exhibited that the host induced responses are mediated by innate immunity, interferon, and cytokine stimulation. Surprisingly, induction of apoptosis, phagosome, antigen presentation, hypoxia response was lacking within these patients. Upregulation of immune and cytokine signaling genes such as CCL4, TNFA, IL6, IL1A, CCL2, CXCL2, IFN, and CCR1 were observed in lungs. Lungs lacked the overexpression of ACE2 as suspected, however, high ACE2 but low DPP4 expression was observed in nasopharyngeal cells. Interestingly, directly or indirectly, viral proteins specially non-structural protein mediated overexpression of integrins such as ITGAV, ITGA6, ITGB7, ITGB3, ITGA2B, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGA9, ITGA4, ITGAE, and ITGA8 in lungs compared to nasopharyngeal samples suggesting the possible way of enhanced invasion. Furthermore, we found comparatively highly expressed transcription factors such as CBP, CEBP, NFAT, ATF3, GATA6, HDAC2, TCF12 which have pivotal roles in lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Even though this study incorporates a limited number of cases, our data will provide valuable insights in developing potential studies to elucidate the differential host responses on the viral pathogenesis in COVID-19, and incorporation of further data will enrich the search of an effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rasel Ahmed
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sabbir Hossain
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Md Tamim Kabir
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A M A M Zonaed Siddiki
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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8
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Wu YX, Zeng S, Wan BB, Wang YY, Sun HX, Liu G, Gao ZQ, Chen D, Chen YQ, Lu MD, Pang QF. Sophoricoside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107187. [PMID: 33249045 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sophoricoside (SOP), an isoflavone glycoside isolated from seed of Sophora japonica L., has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-allergy and anti-inflammation. However, the effect of SOP on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-acute lung injury (ALI) is completely unclear. Here, we found that SOP pretreatment significantly ameliorated LPS-induced pathological damage, tissue permeability, neutrophil infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in a murine model of ALI. Besides, SOP reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, NO and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages. Interestingly, treatment with SOP exhibited no effect on the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in macrophages but prominently accelerated the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. By using ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor, we found that inhibition of Nrf2 abolished the inhibitory effect of SOP on LPS-induced iNOS expression, NO production as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine generation. SOP also activated AMPK, an upstream protein of Nrf2, under LPS stimuli. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the accelerated expression of Nrf2 induced by SOP was reversed by interference with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Taken together, our results suggested that SOP attenuated LPS-induced ALI in AMPK/Nrf2 dependent manner and indicated that SOP might be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xian Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Wan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qi Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Mu-Dan Lu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, PR China.
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Wang XM, Liu XM, Wang Y, Chen ZY. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) regulates cell growth, apoptosis, invasion and collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblast through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/SMAD signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2020; 12:117-126. [PMID: 33315500 PMCID: PMC8806324 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1860491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of keloids is a great challenge in the plastic surgery field. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is discovered as an adaptive responsive gene, which plays a critical role in fibroblast activation. This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological role of ATF3 in the pathogenesis of keloids. ATF3 expression in normal skins and keloids was evaluated by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Effects of ATF3 on cell growth, apoptosis, invasion and collagen production were evaluated in keloid fibroblast cells overexpressing or downregulating ATF3. ATF3 expression was significantly elevated in keloid tissues when compared with that of normal skins and parakeloidal skin tissues. Moreover, ATF3 promoted cell proliferation and collagen production in keloid fibroblast cells. Conversely, transfection with siRNA targeting ATF3 led to decreased cell viability and collagen synthesis via inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor 2/8 (FGF2/8) production in keloid fibroblasts. ATF3 could reduce the apoptosis rate of keloid fibroblast cells. Molecularly, we found that ATF3 promoted BCL2 level and inhibit the expression of BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (Bad), Caspase3 and Caspase9 in keloid fibroblast cells. ATF3 also enhanced the invasive potential via upregulating the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) family members (MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP13). ATF3 could induce activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in fibroblasts. Collectively, ATF3 could promote growth and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway in keloid fibroblast cells, suggesting that ATF3 might be considered as a novel therapeutic target for the management of keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital , Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Liu
- Child Care Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital , Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital , Yantai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Medical Plastic and Cosmetic Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
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10
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Fujii M, Kawashima N, Tazawa K, Hashimoto K, Nara K, Noda S, Kuramoto M, Orikasa S, Nagai S, Okiji T. HIF1α inhibits LPS-mediated induction of IL-6 synthesis via SOCS3-dependent CEBPβ suppression in human dental pulp cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:308-314. [PMID: 31767145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) is a transcriptional factor that plays a key role in the regulation of various molecules expressed in hypoxic conditions. Ischemic/hypoxic conditions are regarded as a distinct characteristic of dental pulp inflammation due to the encasement of pulp tissue within the rigid tooth structure. This study was performed to examine the role of HIF1α in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine expressed in inflamed dental pulp, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). LPS stimulation promoted the expression of IL-6 in hDPCs, while HIF1α suppressed the expression of IL-6. Moreover, HIF1α induced suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in LPS-stimulated hDPCs, and SOCS3 activity led to downregulate expression of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPβ), an inducer of IL-6. LPS stimulation promoted HIF1α expression in hDPCs and mouse pulp tissue explants cultured under hypoxic conditions. These findings suggest that HIF1α negatively regulates IL-6 synthesis in LPS-stimulated hDPCs via upregulation of SOCS3 and subsequent downregulation of CEBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Fujii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Kento Tazawa
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuramoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shion Orikasa
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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11
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Martins R, Carlos AR, Braza F, Thompson JA, Bastos-Amador P, Ramos S, Soares MP. Disease Tolerance as an Inherent Component of Immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:405-437. [PMID: 30673535 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic organisms exert a negative impact on host health, revealed by the clinical signs of infectious diseases. Immunity limits the severity of infectious diseases through resistance mechanisms that sense and target pathogens for containment, killing, or expulsion. These resistance mechanisms are viewed as the prevailing function of immunity. Under pathophysiologic conditions, however, immunity arises in response to infections that carry health and fitness costs to the host. Therefore, additional defense mechanisms are required to limit these costs, before immunity becomes operational as well as thereafter to avoid immunopathology. These are tissue damage control mechanisms that adjust the metabolic output of host tissues to different forms of stress and damage associated with infection. Disease tolerance is the term used to define this defense strategy, which does not exert a direct impact on pathogens but is essential to limit the health and fitness costs of infection. Under this argument, we propose that disease tolerance is an inherent component of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | | | - Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | | | | | - Susana Ramos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
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12
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Förstner P, Rehman R, Anastasiadou S, Haffner-Luntzer M, Sinske D, Ignatius A, Roselli F, Knöll B. Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury Is Enhanced in Activating Transcription Factor 3 Mutant Mice. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2317-2329. [PMID: 29463176 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a neuroinflammatory response resulting in astrocyte and microglia activation at the lesion site. This involves upregulation of neuroinflammatory genes, including chemokines and interleukins. However, so far, there is lack of knowledge on transcription factors (TFs) modulating this TBI-associated gene expression response. Herein, we analyzed activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a TF encoding a regeneration-associated gene (RAG) predominantly studied in peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury. ATF3 contributes to PNS axon regeneration and was shown before to regulate inflammatory processes in other injury models. In contrast to PNS injury, data on ATF3 in central nervous system (CNS) injury are sparse. We used Atf3 mouse mutants and a closed-head weight-drop-based TBI model in adult mice to target the rostrolateral cortex resulting in moderate injury severity. Post-TBI, ATF3 was upregulated already at early time points (i.e,. 1-4 h) post-injury in the brain. Mortality and weight loss upon TBI were slightly elevated in Atf3 mutants. ATF3 deficiency enhanced TBI-induced paresis and hematoma formation, suggesting that ATF3 limits these injury outcomes in wild-type mice. Next, we analyzed TBI-associated RAG and inflammatory gene expression in the cortical impact area. In contrast to the PNS, only some RAGs (Atf3, Timp1, and Sprr1a) were induced by TBI, and, surprisingly, some RAG encoding neuropeptides were downregulated. Notably, we identified ATF3 as TF-regulating proneuroinflammatory gene expression, including CCL and CXCL chemokines (Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, and Cxcl1) and lipocalin. In Atf3 mutant mice, mRNA abundance was further enhanced upon TBI compared to wild-type mice, suggesting immune gene repression by wild-type ATF3. In accord, more immune cells were present in the lesion area of ATF3-deficient mice. Overall, we identified ATF3 as a new TF-mediating TBI-associated CNS inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Förstner
- 1 Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University , Ulm, Germany
| | - Rida Rehman
- 2 Department of Neurology, Ulm University , Ulm, Germany .,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (BMES), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- 4 Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research Ulm, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Sinske
- 1 Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University , Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- 4 Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research Ulm, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Knöll
- 1 Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University , Ulm, Germany
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