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Endo M, Teshima H, Kitadani K, Minoru K, Tsuji T, Tatsukawa H, Harada H, Hitomi K. Analysis on promotive effect of rocking culture on keratinocyte differentiation in 3-dimensional reconstitution human epidermis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:932-940. [PMID: 38760880 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A 3-dimensional culture system of keratinocytes achieves cornification as a terminal differentiation that can mimic the formation of stratified epidermis. At the onset of keratinocyte differentiation, air-exposure treatment is essential for promotion. We have previously reported that the stimulation of differentiation is accompanied by downregulation of the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and also found that rocking treatment of cultured keratinocytes in the submerged condition restored their differentiation. A comparative study of cultured keratinocytes with and without rocking was then carried out to investigate the characteristics of the recovered differentiation by morphological and biochemical analyses. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed the expected similar pattern between air-exposed and rocking cultures, including HIF-regulating transcripts. Furthermore, the promotive effect of rocking treatment was impaired under hypoxic culture conditions (1% O2). We showed that the restored promotion of differentiation by rocking culture is mainly due to the abrogation of transcriptional events by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Endo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Teshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kojin Kitadani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Sojka DR, Gogler A, Kania D, Vydra N, Wiecha K, Adamiec-Organiściok M, Wilk A, Chumak V, Matyśniak D, Scieglinska D. The human testis-enriched HSPA2 interacts with HIF-1α in epidermal keratinocytes, yet HIF-1α stability and HIF-1-dependent gene expression rely on the HSPA (HSP70) activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119735. [PMID: 38641179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) is essential for cellular adaptation to reduced oxygen levels. It also facilitates the maintenance and re-establishment of skin homeostasis. Among others, it is involved in regulating keratinocyte differentiation. The stability of the oxygen-liable HIF-1α subunit is regulated by various non-canonical oxygen-independent mechanisms, which among others involve Heat Shock Proteins of the A family (HSPA/HSP70). This group of highly homologous chaperones and proteostasis-controlling factors includes HSPA2, a unique member crucial for spermatogenesis and implicated in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation. HIF-1 can control the HSPA2 gene expression. In this study, we revealed that HIF-1α is the first confirmed client of HSPA2 in human somatic cells. It colocalises and interacts directly with HSPA2 in the epidermis in situ and immortalised keratinocytes in vitro. Using an in vitro model based on HSPA2-overexpressing and HSPA2-deficient variants of immortalised keratinocytes we showed that changes in HSPA2 levels do not affect the levels and intracellular localisation of HIF-1α or influence the ability of HIF-1 to modulate target gene expression. However, HIF-1α stability in keratinocytes appears critically reliant on HSPAs as a group of functionally overlapping chaperones. In addition to HSPA2, HIF-1α colocalises and forms complexes with HSPA8 and HSPA1, representing housekeeping and stress-inducible HSPA family paralogs, respectively. Chemical inhibition of HSPA activity, but not paralog-specific knockdown of HSPA8 or HSPA1 expression reduced HIF-1α levels and HIF-1-dependent gene expression. These observations suggest that pharmacological targeting of HSPAs could prevent excessive HIF-1 signalling in pathological skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gogler
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Daria Kania
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiecha
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Adamiec-Organiściok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Wilk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Matyśniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland.
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Vydra N, Toma-Jonik A, Janus P, Mrowiec K, Stokowy T, Głowala-Kosińska M, Sojka DR, Olbryt M, Widłak W. An Increase in HSF1 Expression Directs Human Mammary Epithelial Cells toward a Mesenchymal Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4965. [PMID: 37894333 PMCID: PMC10605143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HSF1 is a well-known heat shock protein expression regulator in response to stress. It also regulates processes important for growth, development or tumorigenesis. We studied the HSF1 influence on the phenotype of non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial (MCF10A and MCF12A) and several triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. MCF10A and MCF12A differ in terms of HSF1 levels, morphology, growth in Matrigel, expression of epithelial (CDH1) and mesenchymal (VIM) markers (MCF10A are epithelial cells; MCF12A resemble mesenchymal cells). HSF1 down-regulation led to a reduced proliferation rate and spheroid formation in Matrigel by MCF10A cells. However, it did not affect MCF12A proliferation but led to CDH1 up-regulation and the formation of better organized spheroids. HSF1 overexpression in MCF10A resulted in reduced CDH1 and increased VIM expression and the acquisition of elongated fibroblast-like morphology. The above-mentioned results suggest that elevated levels of HSF1 may direct mammary epithelial cells toward a mesenchymal phenotype, while a lowering of HSF1 could reverse the mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial one. Therefore, HSF1 may be involved in the remodeling of mammary gland architecture over the female lifetime. Moreover, HSF1 levels positively correlated with the invasive phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells, and their growth was inhibited by the HSF1 inhibitor DTHIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vydra
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Toma-Jonik
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Patryk Janus
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Mrowiec
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Scientific Computing Group, IT Division, University of Bergen, N-5008 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Damian Robert Sojka
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Magdalena Olbryt
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Wiesława Widłak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
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Sojka DR, Abramowicz A, Adamiec-Organiściok M, Karnas E, Mielańczyk Ł, Kania D, Blamek S, Telka E, Scieglinska D. Heat shock protein A2 is a novel extracellular vesicle-associated protein. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4734. [PMID: 36959387 PMCID: PMC10036471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
70-kDa Heat Shock Proteins (HSPA/HSP70) are chaperones playing a central role in the proteostasis control mechanisms. Their basal expression can be highly elevated as an adaptive response to environmental and pathophysiological stress conditions. HSPA2, one of poorly characterised chaperones of the HSPA/HSP70 family, has recently emerged as epithelial cells differentiation-related factor. It is also commonly expressed in cancer cells, where its functional significance remains unclear. Previously, we have found that proteotoxic stress provokes a decrease in HSPA2 levels in cancer cells. In the present study we found that proteasome inhibition-related loss of HSPA2 from cancer cells neither is related to a block in the gene transcription nor does it relate to increased autophagy-mediated disposals of the protein. Proteotoxic stress stimulated extracellular release of HSPA2 in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Interestingly, EVs containing HSPA2 are also released by non-stressed cancer and normal cells. In human urinary EVs levels of HSPA2 were correlated with the levels of TSG101, one of the main EVs markers. We conclude that HSPA2 may constitute basic components of EVs. Nevertheless, its specific role in EVs and cell-to-cell communication requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Robert Sojka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Abramowicz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Adamiec-Organiściok
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mielańczyk
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Daria Kania
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Blamek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Telka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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Sojka DR, Hasterok S, Vydra N, Toma-Jonik A, Wieczorek A, Gogler-Pigłowska A, Scieglinska D. Inhibition of the Heat Shock Protein A (HSPA) Family Potentiates the Anticancer Effects of Manumycin A. Cells 2021; 10:1418. [PMID: 34200371 PMCID: PMC8229576 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Manumycin A (MA) is a well-tolerated natural antibiotic showing pleiotropic anticancer effects in various preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. Anticancer drugs may themselves act as stressors to induce the cellular adaptive mechanism that can minimize their cytotoxicity. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) as cytoprotective factors can counteract the deleterious effects of various stressful stimuli. In this study, we examined whether the anticancer effects of MA can be counteracted by the mechanism related to HSPs belonging to the HSPA (HSP70) family. We found that MA caused cell type-specific alterations in the levels of HSPAs. These changes included concomitant upregulation of the stress-inducible (HSPA1 and HSPA6) and downregulation of the non-stress-inducible (HSPA2) paralogs. However, neither HSPA1 nor HSPA2 were necessary to provide protection against MA in lung cancer cells. Conversely, the simultaneous repression of several HSPA paralogs using pan-HSPA inhibitors (VER-155008 or JG-98) sensitized cancer cells to MA. We also observed that genetic ablation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor, a main transactivator of HSPAs expression, sensitized MCF7 cells to MA treatment. Our study reveals that inhibition of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (HSR) can improve the anticancer effect of MA. These observations suggest that targeting the HSR- or HSPA-mediated adaptive mechanisms may be a promising strategy for further preclinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Sylwia Hasterok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Toma-Jonik
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Anna Wieczorek
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
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Defining microRNA signatures of hair follicular stem and progenitor cells in healthy and androgenic alopecia patients. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:49-57. [PMID: 33183906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact pathogenic mechanism causes hair miniaturization during androgenic alopecia (AGA) has not been delineated. Recent evidence has shown a role for non-coding regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in skin and hair disease. There is no reported information about the role of miRNAs in hair epithelial cells of AGA. OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles of miRNAs affecting AGA in normal and patient's epithelial hair cells. METHODS Normal follicular stem and progenitor cells, as well as follicular patient's stem cells, were sorted from hair follicles, and a miRNA q-PCR profiling to compare the expression of 748 miRNA (miRs) in sorted cells were performed. Further, we examined the putative functional implication of the most differentially regulated miRNA (miR-324-3p) in differentiation, proliferation and migration of cultured keratinocytes by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and scratch assay. To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-324-3p, we used specific chemical inhibitors targeting pathways influenced by miR-324-3p. RESULT We provide a comprehensive assessment of the "miRNome" of normal and AGA follicular stem and progenitor cells. Differentially regulated miRNA signatures highlight several miRNA candidates including miRNA-324-3p as mis regulated in patient's stem cells. We find that miR-324-3p promotes differentiation and migration of cultured keratinocytes likely through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway using Alk5i promotes hair shaft elongation in an organ-culture system. CONCLUSION Together, we offer a platform for understanding miRNA dynamic regulation in follicular stem and progenitor cells in baldness and highlight miR-324-3p as a promising target for its treatment.
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Sojka DR, Gogler-Pigłowska A, Klarzyńska K, Klimczak M, Zylicz A, Głowala-Kosińska M, Krawczyk Z, Scieglinska D. HSPA2 Chaperone Contributes to the Maintenance of Epithelial Phenotype of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells but Has Non-Essential Role in Supporting Malignant Features of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, MCF7, and HeLa Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102749. [PMID: 32987811 PMCID: PMC7598654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat shock proteins A (HSPA) are molecular chaperones that play a central role in the cellular protein quality control. One of them is HSPA2 which recently was indicated as a novel cancer-related protein due to its elevated expression in various tumors and reported prognostic significance. Several previous in vitro studies have shown significant role of HSPA2 in supporting cancer cells growth and invasiveness. Our data presented in this article contradict the current belief of the essential role of HSPA2 chaperone and show that HSPA2 is not crucial for maintenance of the malignant phenotype of lung, breast, and cervical cancer cells. Instead, we revealed HSPA2’s role in supporting clonogenic potential and adhesive ability of bronchial epithelial cells. Therefore, further research should concentrate on elucidating HSPA2 roles in epithelial cells. Abstract Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2) is a member of the HSPA (HSP70) chaperone family and has a critical role for male fertility. HSPA2 is present in a number of somatic organs. Limited evidence suggests that HSPA2 may be involved in regulating epithelial cell differentiation. HSPA2 also emerged as a cancer-related chaperone; however, no consensus on its functional significance has been reached so far. In this study, we compared the phenotypic effects of HSPA2 deficit in non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), and in lung, breast, and cervical cancer cells. We used various techniques to inhibit the HSPA2 gene expression in order to examine the impact of HSPA2 deficiency on cell growth, migration, adhesion, and invasion. Our results show that HBEC but not cancer cells are sensitive to HSPA2 deficit. HSPA2 knockdown in HBEC cells impaired their clone-forming ability and adhesiveness. Thus, our results indicate that epithelial cells can rely on a specific activity of HSPA2, but such dependence can be lost in epithelial cells that have undergone malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (A.G.-P.); (K.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (A.G.-P.); (K.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Klarzyńska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (A.G.-P.); (K.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Marta Klimczak
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alicja Zylicz
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław Krawczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (A.G.-P.); (K.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (A.G.-P.); (K.K.); (Z.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Scieglinska D, Sojka DR, Gogler-Pigłowska A, Chumak V, Krawczyk Z. Various Anti-HSPA2 Antibodies Yield Different Results in Studies on Cancer-Related Functions of Heat Shock Protein A2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124296. [PMID: 32560263 PMCID: PMC7352356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a major part of the molecular chaperone system and play a fundamental role in cell proteostasis. The HSPA (HSP70) family groups twelve highly homologous HSPA proteins. Certain HSPAs are regarded as important cancer-related proteins, prospective therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, and also as potential cancer biomarkers. Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2), a testis-enriched chaperone and one of the least characterized members of the HSPA family, has recently emerged as an important cancer-relevant protein with potential biomarker significance. Nevertheless, conflicting conclusions have been recently drawn both according to HSPA2 role in cancer cells, as well as to its prognostic value. In this work we have shown that one of the serious limitations in HSPA2 protein research is cross-reactivity of antibodies marketed as specific for HSPA2 with one or more other HSPA(s). Among non-specific antibodies were also those recently used for HSPA2 detection in functional and biomarker studies. We showed how using non-specific antibodies can generate misleading conclusions on HSPA2 expression in non-stressed cancer cells and tumors, as well as in cancer cells exposed to proteotoxic stress. Our findings addressed concerns on some published studies dealing with HSPA2 as a cancer-related protein.
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Mielanczyk A, Mrowiec K, Kupczak M, Mielanczyk Ł, Scieglinska D, Gogler-Piglowska A, Michalski M, Gabriel A, Neugebauer D, Skonieczna M. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of star-shaped polymethacrylic conjugates with methotrexate or acitretin as potential antipsoriatic prodrugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172804. [PMID: 31738938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates were obtained and analyzed towards their potential use as prodrugs for two hydrophobic antipsoriatic agents, including methotrexate (MTX) and acitretin (AC). The conjugation efficacy of MTX decreased with a decreasing molar ratio of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) repeating units in the polymethacrylic chains. Cytotoxicity of positively charged (from +5 to +10 mV) nano- and microparticles (3-1500 nm in DMEM at 37 °C) were estimated by in vitro MTT and Annexin-V apoptosis assays on Me45, NHDF, HaCaT and BEAS-2B cell lines. Further, cell cycle analysis revealed arrest in G0/G1 phase in melanoma cells, while neither apoptosis induction nor cell cycle arrest occurred in normal epidermal and epithelial cells. Tested conjugates displayed a novel cytostatic effect in Me45 cells and a pro-apoptotic effect in HaCaT cells. Epithelial BEAS-2B cells were the most sensitive to the tested conjugates and responded via induction of necrosis. Cell line models allowed for characterization of the biologically relevant potential action of pro-drugs. Additionally, a skin in vitro evaluation assay provided the first known evidence of side-effect reduction with pro-drug use. Histological examinations confirmed the lack of negative effects of conjugates on the skin and showed no irritating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mielanczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mrowiec
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Kupczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mielanczyk
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Piglowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Michalski
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gabriel
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- System Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Scieglinska D, Krawczyk Z, Sojka DR, Gogler-Pigłowska A. Heat shock proteins in the physiology and pathophysiology of epidermal keratinocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1027-1044. [PMID: 31734893 PMCID: PMC6882751 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a large group of highly evolutionary conserved proteins, are considered to be main elements of the cellular proteoprotection system. HSPs are encoded by genes activated during the exposure of cells to proteotoxic factors, as well as by genes that are expressed constitutively under physiological conditions. HSPs, having properties of molecular chaperones, are involved in controlling/modulation of multiple cellular and physiological processes. In the presented review, we summarize the current knowledge on HSPs in the biology of epidermis, the outer skin layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This tissue has a vital barrier function preventing from dehydratation due to passive diffusion of water out of the skin, and protecting from infection and other environmental insults. We focused on HSPB1 (HSP27), HSPA1 (HSP70), HSPA2, and HSPC (HSP90), because only these HSPs have been studied in the context of physiology and pathophysiology of the epidermis. The analysis of literature data shows that HSPB1 plays a role in the regulation of final steps of keratinization; HSPA1 is involved in the cytoprotection, HSPA2 contributes to the early steps of keratinocyte differentiation, while HSPC is essential in the re-epithelialization process. Since HSPs have diverse functions in various types of somatic tissues, in spite of multiple investigations, open questions still remain about detailed roles of a particular HSP isoform in the biology of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Zdzisław Krawczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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Functional redundancy of HSPA1, HSPA2 and other HSPA proteins in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); an implication for NSCLC treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14394. [PMID: 31591429 PMCID: PMC6779912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large group of chaperones considered critical for maintaining cellular proteostasis. Their aberrant expression in tumors can modulate the course of processes defined as hallmarks of cancer. Previously, we showed that both stress-inducible HSPA1 and testis-enriched HSPA2, highly homologous members of the HSPA (HSP70) family, are often overexpressed in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). HSPA1 is among the best characterized cancer-related chaperones, while the significance of HSPA2 for cancer remains poorly understood. Previously we found that in primary NSCLC, HSPA1 was associated with good prognosis while HSPA2 correlated with bad prognosis, suggesting possible different roles of these proteins in cancer. Therefore, in this work we investigated the impact of HSPA1 and HSPA2 on NSCLC cell phenotype. We found that neither paralog-selective nor simultaneous knockdown of HSPA1 and HSPA2 gene expression reduced growth and chemoresistance of NSCLC cells. Only blocking of HSPA proteins using pan-HSPA inhibitors, VER-155008 or JG-98, exerted potent anticancer effect on NSCLC cells, albeit the final outcome was cell type-dependent. Pan-HSPA inhibition sensitized NSCLC cells to bortezomib, but not to platinum derivates. Our result suggests the inhibitors of proteasome and HSPAs seem an effective drug combination for pre-clinical development in highly aggressive NSCLC.
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Divide and conquer: two stem cell populations in squamous epithelia, reserves and the active duty forces. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:26. [PMID: 31451683 PMCID: PMC6802623 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are of great interest to the scientific community due to their potential role in regenerative and rejuvenative medicine. However, their role in the aging process and carcinogenesis remains unclear. Because DNA replication in stem cells may contribute to the background mutation rate and thereby to cancer, reducing proliferation and establishing a relatively quiescent stem cell compartment has been hypothesized to limit DNA replication-associated mutagenesis. On the other hand, as the main function of stem cells is to provide daughter cells to build and maintain tissues, the idea of a quiescent stem cell compartment appears counterintuitive. Intriguing observations in mice have led to the idea of separated stem cell compartments that consist of cells with different proliferative activity. Some epithelia of short-lived rodents appear to lack quiescent stem cells. Comparing stem cells of different species and different organs (comparative stem cell biology) may allow us to elucidate the evolutionary pressures such as the balance between cancer and longevity that govern stem cell biology (evolutionary stem cell biology). The oral mucosa and its stem cells are an exciting model system to explore the characteristics of quiescent stem cells that have eluded biologists for decades.
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