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Jiang L, Liu X, Liu L, Su L, Lu Z, Zhang H, Guo Y, Zhang W, Zhang S, Xu W, Zhang J, Zhang K, Zhan Y, Xie X, Li R, Dong X, Jin H, Zhang B, Li Y. Knocking out FAM20C in pre-osteoblasts leads to up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation to affect long bone development. Gene 2024; 915:148396. [PMID: 38552750 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 20 member C (FAM20C) is a Golgi casein kinase that phosphorylates extracellularly-secreted regulatory proteins involved in bone development and mineralization, but its specific role in bone development is still largely unknown. In this study, to examine the specific mechanisms that FAM20C influences bone development, we cross-bred Osx-Cre with FAM20Cflox/flox mice to establish a Osx-Cre; FAM20Cflox/flox knockout (oKO) mouse model; FAM20C was KO in pre-osteoblasts. oKO development was examined at 1-10 weeks, in which compared to control FAM20Cflox/flox, they had lower body weights and bone tissue mineralization. Furthermore, oKO had lower bone volume fractions, thickness, and trabecular numbers, along with higher degrees of trabecular separation. These mice also had decreased femoral metaphyseal cartilage proliferation layer, along with thickened hypertrophic layer and increased apoptotic cell counts. Transcriptomic analysis found that differentially-expressed genes in oKO were concentrated in the osteoclast differentiation pathway, in line with increased osteoclast presence. Additionally, up-regulation of osteoclast-related, and down-regulation of osteogenesis-related genes, were identified, in which the most up-regulated genes were signal regulatory protein β-1 family (Sirpb1a-c) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 13. Overall, FAM20C KO in pre-osteoblasts leads to abnormal long bone development, likely due to subsequent up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lide Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Zeyu Lu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyao Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Runhang Li
- School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhe Dong
- School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Sriwattanapong K, Theerapanon T, Khamwachirapitak C, Sae-Ear P, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Shotelersuk V, Porntaveetus T. In-depth investigation of FAM20A insufficiency effects on deciduous dental pulp cells: Altered behaviours, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory gene expression. Int Endod J 2024; 57:745-758. [PMID: 38477421 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM Loss-of-function mutations in FAM20A result in amelogenesis imperfecta IG (AI1G) or enamel-renal syndrome, characterized by hypoplastic enamel, ectopic calcification, and gingival hyperplasia, with some cases reporting spontaneous tooth infection. Despite previous reports on the consequence of FAM20A reduction in gingival fibroblasts and transcriptome analyses of AI1G pulp tissues, suggesting its involvement in mineralization and infection, its role in deciduous dental pulp cells (DDP) remains unreported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of DDP obtained from an AI1G patient, providing additional insights into the effects of FAM20A on the mineralization of DDP. METHODOLOGY DDP were obtained from a FAM20A-AI1G patient (mutant cells) and three healthy individuals. Cellular behaviours were examined using flow cytometry, MTT, attachment and spreading, colony formation, and wound healing assays. Osteogenic induction was applied to DDP, followed by alizarin red S staining to assess their osteogenic differentiation. The expression of FAM20A-related genes, osteogenic genes, and inflammatory genes was analysed using real-time PCR, Western blot, and/or immunolocalization. Additionally, STRING analysis was performed to predict potential protein-protein interaction networks. RESULTS The mutant cells exhibited a significant reduction in FAM20A mRNA and protein levels, as well as proliferation, migration, attachment, and colony formation. However, normal FAM20A subcellular localization was maintained. Additionally, osteogenic/odontogenic genes, OSX, OPN, RUNX2, BSP, and DSPP, were downregulated, along with upregulated ALP. STRING analysis suggested a potential correlation between FAM20A and these osteogenic genes. After osteogenic induction, the mutant cells demonstrated reduced mineral deposition and dysregulated expression of osteogenic genes. Remarkably, FAM20A, FAM20C, RUNX2, OPN, and OSX were significantly upregulated in the mutant cells, whilst ALP, and OCN was downregulated. Furthermore, the mutant cells exhibited a significant increase in inflammatory gene expression, that is, IL-1β and TGF-β1, whereas IL-6 and NFκB1 expression was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION The reduction of FAM20A in mutant DDP is associated with various cellular deficiencies, including delayed proliferation, attachment, spreading, and migration as well as altered osteogenic and inflammatory responses. These findings provide novel insights into the biology of FAM20A in dental pulp cells and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying AI1G pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Sriwattanapong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chompak Khamwachirapitak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pannagorn Sae-Ear
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Sa-Ard-Iam
- Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- International Graduate Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Collier L, Seah C, Hicks EM, Holtzheimer PE, Krystal JH, Girgenti MJ, Huckins LM, Johnston KJA. The impact of chronic pain on brain gene expression. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.20.24307630. [PMID: 38826319 PMCID: PMC11142271 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.24307630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic pain affects one fifth of American adults, contributing significant public health burden. Chronic pain mechanisms can be further understood through investigating brain gene expression. Methods We tested differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chronic pain, migraine, lifetime fentanyl and oxymorphone use, and with chronic pain genetic risk in four brain regions (dACC, DLPFC, MeA, BLA) and imputed cell type expression data from 304 postmortem donors. We compared findings across traits and with independent transcriptomics resources, and performed gene-set enrichment. Results We identified two chronic pain DEGs: B4GALT and VEGFB in bulk dACC. We found over 2000 (primarily BLA microglia) chronic pain cell type DEGs. Findings were enriched for mouse microglia pain genes, and for hypoxia and immune response. Cross-trait DEG overlap was minimal. Conclusions Chronic pain-associated gene expression is heterogeneous across cell type, largely distinct from that in pain-related traits, and shows BLA microglia are a key cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Collier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Carina Seah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Emily M Hicks
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Paul E Holtzheimer
- National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Keira J A Johnston
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Costa CRR, Chalgoumi R, Baker A, Guillou C, Yamaguti PM, Simancas Escorcia V, Abbad L, Amorin BR, de Lima CL, Cannaya V, Benassarou M, Berdal A, Chatziantoniou C, Cases O, Cosette P, Kozyraki R, Acevedo AC. Gingival proteomics reveals the role of TGF beta and YAP/TAZ signaling in Raine syndrome fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9497. [PMID: 38664418 PMCID: PMC11045870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Raine syndrome (RNS) is a rare autosomal recessive osteosclerotic dysplasia. RNS is caused by loss-of-function disease-causative variants of the FAM20C gene that encodes a kinase that phosphorylates most of the secreted proteins found in the body fluids and extracellular matrix. The most common RNS clinical features are generalized osteosclerosis, facial dysmorphism, intracerebral calcifications and respiratory defects. In non-lethal RNS forms, oral traits include a well-studied hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and a much less characterized gingival phenotype. We used immunomorphological, biochemical, and siRNA approaches to analyze gingival tissues and primary cultures of gingival fibroblasts of two unrelated, previously reported RNS patients. We showed that fibrosis, pathological gingival calcifications and increased expression of various profibrotic and pro-osteogenic proteins such as POSTN, SPARC and VIM were common findings. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins demonstrated that proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation and related to the TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway were increased. Functional analyses confirmed the upregulation of TGFβ/SMAD signaling and subsequently uncovered the involvement of two closely related transcription cofactors important in fibrogenesis, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Knocking down of FAM20C confirmed the TGFβ-YAP/TAZ interplay indicating that a profibrotic loop enabled gingival fibrosis in RNS patients. In summary, our in vivo and in vitro data provide a detailed description of the RNS gingival phenotype. They show that gingival fibrosis and calcifications are associated with, and most likely caused by excessed ECM production and disorganization. They furthermore uncover the contribution of increased TGFβ-YAP/TAZ signaling in the pathogenesis of the gingival fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
- Oral Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasília, Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Health Group of Natal (GSAU-NT), Brazilian Air Force, Natal, Parnamirim, Brazil
| | - Rym Chalgoumi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Amina Baker
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Clément Guillou
- Rouen University, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, PBS UMR 6270, 76000, Rouen, France
- Rouen University, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacles PISSARO, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Paulo Marcio Yamaguti
- Oral Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasília, Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victor Simancas Escorcia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
- Grupo de Investigación GENOMA, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Lilia Abbad
- MRS1155, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Bruna Rabelo Amorin
- Oral Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasília, Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lourenço de Lima
- Oral Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasília, Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Vidjea Cannaya
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Mourad Benassarou
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpétrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
- CRMR O-RARES, Hôpital Rothshild, UFR d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université de Paris Cité, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Rouen University, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, PBS UMR 6270, 76000, Rouen, France
- Rouen University, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacles PISSARO, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France.
- CRMR O-RARES, Hôpital Rothshild, UFR d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université de Paris Cité, 75012, Paris, France.
- Rouen University, UFR SANTE ROUEN NORMANDIE, Inserm 1096, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, Oral Molecular Pathophysiology, 75006, Paris, France
- Oral Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasília, Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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Rivoira MA, Peralta López ME, Areco V, Díaz de Barboza G, Dionisi MP, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Emerging concepts on the FGF23 regulation and activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04982-6. [PMID: 38581553 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) discovery has provided new insights into the regulation of Pi and Ca homeostasis. It is secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes, and acts mainly in the kidney, parathyroid, heart, and bone. The aim of this review is to highlight the current knowledge on the factors modulating the synthesis of FGF23, the canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways of the hormone, the role of FGF23 in different pathophysiological conditions, and the anti-FGF23 therapy. This is a narrative review based on the search of PubMed database in the range of years 2000-2023 using the keywords local and systemic regulators of FGF23 synthesis, FGF23 receptors, canonical and non-canonical pathways, pathophysiological conditions and FGF23, and anti-FGF23 therapy, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms. The regulation of FGF23 synthesis is complex and multifactorial. It is regulated by local factors and systemic regulators mainly involved in bone mineralization. The excessive FGF23 production is associated with different congenital diseases and with diseases occurring with a secondary high FGF23 production such as in chronic disease kidney and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). The anti-FGF23 therapy appears to be useful to treat chromosome X-linked hypophosphatemia and TIO, but there are doubts about the handle of excessive FGF23 production in CKD. FGF23 biochemistry and pathophysiology are generating a plethora of knowledge to reduce FGF23 bioactivity at many levels that might be useful for future therapeutics of diseases associated with high-serum FGF23 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angélica Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do, Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Elena Peralta López
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do, Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vanessa Areco
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do, Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB, CONICET-UNVM), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do, Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Paula Dionisi
- Cátedra de Clínica Médica II - UHMI Nº 2, Hospital San Roque, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do, Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Liu P, Li J, Tang L, Cong W, Jin H, Zhang H, Cui B, Yang S, Xiao J, Liu C, Saiyin W. Mutations of family with sequence similarity 20-member C gene causing lethal and nonlethal Raine syndrome causes hypophosphatemia rickets. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2556-2569. [PMID: 37698039 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 20-member C (FAM20C) is a kinase specific to most of the secreted phosphoproteome. FAM20C has been identified as the causative gene of Raine syndrome, initially characterized by lethal osteosclerosis bone dysplasia. However, since the identification of the cases of nonlethal Raine syndrome characterized by hypophosphatemia rickets, the previous definition of Raine syndrome has become debatable and raised a question about the role of mutations of FAM20C in controversial skeletal manifestation in the two forms of the disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of FAM20C mutations on skeletogenesis. We developed transgenic mice expressing Fam20c mutations mimicking those associated with human lethal and nonlethal Raine syndrome. The results revealed that transgenic mice expressing the mutant Fam20c found in the lethal (KO;G374R) and nonlethal (KO;D446N) Raine syndrome exhibited osteomalacia without osteosclerotic features. Additionally, both mutants significantly increased the expression of the Fgf23, indicating that Fam20c deficiency in skeletal compartments causes hypophosphatemia rickets. Furthermore, as FAM20C kinase activity catalyzes the phosphorylation of secreted proteomes other than those in the skeletal system, global FAM20C deficiency may trigger alterations in other systems resulting in osteosclerosis secondary to hypophosphatemia rickets. Together, the findings of this study suggest that FAM20C deficiency primarily causes hypophosphatemia rickets or osteomalacia; however, the heterogeneous skeletal manifestation in Raine syndrome was not determined solely by specific mutations of FAM20C. The findings also implicated that rickets or osteomalacia caused by FAM20C deficiency would deteriorate into osteosclerosis by the defects from other systems or environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Laboratory of Longjiang Scholar, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linghao Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Cui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wuliji Saiyin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Naniwa K, Hirose K, Usami Y, Hata K, Araki R, Uzawa N, Komori T, Toyosawa S. Fam20C overexpression in odontoblasts regulates dentin formation and odontoblast differentiation. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:329-347. [PMID: 37357253 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
FAM20C phosphorylates secretory proteins at S-x-E/pS motifs, and previous studies of Fam20C-dificient mice revealed that FAM20C played essential roles in bone and tooth formation. Inactivation of FAM20C in mice led to hypophosphatemia that masks direct effect of FAM20C in these tissues, and consequently the direct role of FAM20C remains unknown. Our previous study reported that osteoblast/odontoblast-specific Fam20C transgenic (Fam20C-Tg) mice had normal serum phosphate levels and that osteoblastic FAM20C-mediated phosphorylation regulated bone formation and resorption. Here, we investigated the direct role of FAM20C in dentin using Fam20C-Tg mice. The tooth of Fam20C-Tg mice contained numerous highly phosphorylated proteins, including SIBLINGs, compared to that of wild-type mice. In Fam20C-Tg mice, coronal dentin volume decreased and mineral density unchanged at early age, while the volume unchanged and the mineral density elevated at maturity. In these mice, radicular dentin volume and mineral density decreased at all ages, and histologically, the radicular dentin had wider predentin and abnormal apical-side dentin with embedded cells and argyrophilic canaliculi. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that abnormal apical-side dentin had bone and dentin matrix properties accompanied with osteoblast-lineage cells. Further, in Fam20C-Tg mice, DSPP content which is important for dentin formation, was reduced in dentin, especially radicular dentin, which might lead to defects mainly in radicular dentin. Renal subcapsular transplantations of tooth germ revealed that newly formed radicular dentin replicated apical abnormal dentin of Fam20C-Tg mice, corroborating that FAM20C overexpression indeed caused the abnormal dentin. Our findings indicate that odontoblastic FAM20C-mediated phosphorylation in the tooth regulates dentin formation and odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Naniwa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Hirose
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rikita Araki
- Bruker Japan K.K. BioSpin Division, Application Department, 3-9 Kanagawaku Moriyacho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Zeng L, Shi X, Xuan L, Zheng J. Comparative N-Glycoproteomic Investigation of Eggshell Cuticle and Mineralized Layer Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37390300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The eggshell cuticle layer (ECL) and eggshell mineralized layer (EML) contain amounts of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. However, there were few comprehensive reports about the effect of post-translational modifications on protein structure and function which requires investigation. Therefore, we used comparative N-glycoproteomics to study glycoproteins in the ECL and EML. We identified a total of 272 glycoproteins in this experiment and found that glycoproteins located in EML were more than that in ECL. Moreover, they showed distinct functional difference between both layers. As N-glycosylation of ovocleidin-17 and ovocleidin-116 in the EML affected eggshell mineralization, some glycoproteins located in ECL, like ovotransferrin and ovostatin-like, possessed antibacterial activity. The several regulated glycoproteins in the EML may pertain to the regulation of mineralization, while glycosylated proteins in the ECL may contribute to molecular adhesion and defense against microbial invasion. This study provides new insights into the eggshell matrix protein contents of the ECL and EML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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9
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Liu X, Jiang L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Luan X, Zhan Y, Wang T, Da J, Liu L, Zhang S, Guo Y, Zhang K, Wang Z, Miao N, Xie X, Liu P, Li Y, Jin H, Zhang B. Fam20c regulates the calpain proteolysis system through phosphorylating Calpasatatin to maintain cell homeostasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:417. [PMID: 37370126 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family with sequence similarity 20-member C (FAM20C) kinase, a Golgi casein kinase, which is responsible for phosphorylating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteins within S-x-E/pS motifs, and is fundamentally associated with multiple biological processes to maintain cell proliferation, biomineralization, migration, adhesion, and phosphate homeostasis. In dissecting how FAM20C regulates downstream molecules and potential mechanisms, however, there are multiple target molecules of FAM20C, particularly many phenomena remain elusive, such as changes in cell-autonomous behaviors, incompatibility in genotypes and phenotypes, and others. METHODS Here, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), proteomics, and phosphoproteomics were performed in Fam20c-dificient osteoblasts and to facilitate an integrated analysis and determine the impact of chromatin accessibility, genomic expression, protein alterations, signaling pathway, and post translational modifcations. RESULTS By combining ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, we identified TCF4 and Wnt signaling pathway as the key regulators in Fam20c-dificient cells. Further, we showed Calpastatin/Calpain proteolysis system as a novel target axis for FAM20C to regulate cell migration and F-actin cytoskeleton by integrated analysis of proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Furthermore, Calpastatin/Calpain proteolysis system could negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These observations implied that Fam20c knockout osteoblasts would cause cell homeostatic imbalance, involving changes in multiple signaling pathways in the conduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Stomatology and Dental Hygiene, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinrui Luan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Da
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyao Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Nan Miao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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10
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Palma-Lara I, García Alonso-Themann P, Pérez-Durán J, Godínez-Aguilar R, Bonilla-Delgado J, Gómez-Archila D, Espinosa-García AM, Nolasco-Quiroga M, Victoria-Acosta G, López-Ornelas A, Serrano-Bello JC, Olguín-García MG, Palacios-Reyes C. Potential Role of Protein Kinase FAM20C on the Brain in Raine Syndrome, an In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108904. [PMID: 37240249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and mainly associated with biomineralization and phosphatemia regulation. It is mostly known due to pathogenic variants causing its deficiency, which results in Raine syndrome (RNS), a sclerosing bone dysplasia with hypophosphatemia. The phenotype is recognized by the skeletal features, which are related to hypophosphorylation of different FAM20C bone-target proteins. However, FAM20C has many targets, including brain proteins and the cerebrospinal fluid phosphoproteome. Individuals with RNS can have developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, and structural brain defects, but little is known about FAM20C brain-target-protein dysregulation or about a potential pathogenesis associated with neurologic features. In order to identify the potential FAM20C actions on the brain, an in silico analysis was conducted. Structural and functional defects reported in RNS were described; FAM20C targets and interactors were identified, including their brain expression. Gene ontology of molecular processes, function, and components was completed for these targets, as well as for potential involved signaling pathways and diseases. The BioGRID and Human Protein Atlas databases, the Gorilla tool, and the PANTHER and DisGeNET databases were used. Results show that genes with high expression in the brain are involved in cholesterol and lipoprotein processes, plus axo-dendritic transport and the neuron part. These results could highlight some proteins involved in the neurologic pathogenesis of RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icela Palma-Lara
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Pérez-Durán
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | | | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
| | - Damián Gómez-Archila
- Departamento de Oncología Quirúrgica, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Nolasco-Quiroga
- Coordinación de Enseñanza e Investigación, Clínica Hospital Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Huauchinango 73177, Mexico
| | | | - Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Serrano-Bello
- Departamento de Patología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Palacios-Reyes
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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11
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Identification of distinct non-myogenic skeletal-muscle-resident mesenchymal cell populations. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110785. [PMID: 35545045 PMCID: PMC9535675 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitors of the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to various cell fates within limbs, including a heterogeneous group of muscle-resident mesenchymal cells. Often described as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, these cells are key players in muscle development, disease, and regeneration. To further define this cell population(s), we perform lineage/reporter analysis, flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescent staining, and differentiation assays on normal and injured murine muscles. Here we identify six distinct Pdgfra+ non-myogenic muscle-resident mesenchymal cell populations that fit within a bipartite differentiation trajectory from a common progenitor. One branch of the trajectory gives rise to two populations of immune-responsive mesenchymal cells with strong adipogenic potential and the capability to respond to acute and chronic muscle injury, whereas the alternative branch contains two cell populations with limited adipogenic capacity and inherent mineralizing capabilities; one of the populations displays a unique neuromuscular junction association and an ability to respond to nerve injury. Leinroth et al. explore the heterogeneity of Pdgfra+ muscle-resident mesenchymal cells, demonstrating that Pdgfra+ subpopulations have unique gene expression profiles, exhibit two distinct cell trajectories from a common progenitor, differ in their abilities to respond to muscle injuries, and show variable adipogenic and mineralizing capacities.
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12
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Domazetovic V, Falsetti I, Ciuffi S, Iantomasi T, Marcucci G, Vincenzini MT, Brandi ML. Effect of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis on Active FGF23 Levels in MLO-Y4 Cells: The Protective Role of 17-β-Estradiol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042103. [PMID: 35216216 PMCID: PMC8879671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that osteocytes secrete phosphaturic fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has defined bone as an endocrine organ. However, the autocrine and paracrine functions of FGF23 are still unknown. The present study focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the complex control of FGF23 production and local bone remodeling functions. FGF23 was assayed using ELISA kit in the presence or absence of 17β–estradiol in starved MLO-Y4 osteocytes. In these cells, a relationship between oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and up-regulation of active FGF23 levels due to MAP Kinases activation with involvement of the transcriptional factor (NF-kB) has been demonstrated. The active FGF23 increase can be due to up-regulation of its expression and post-transcriptional modifications. 17β–estradiol prevents the increase of FGF23 by inhibiting JNK and NF-kB activation, osteocyte apoptosis and by the down-regulation of osteoclastogenic factors, such as sclerostin. No alteration in the levels of dentin matrix protein 1, a FGF23 negative regulator, has been determined. The results of this study identify biological targets on which drugs and estrogen may act to control active FGF23 levels in oxidative stress-related bone and non-bone inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Irene Falsetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Simone Ciuffi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Maria Teresa Vincenzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Geng YW, Zhang Z, Jin H, Da JL, Zhang K, Wang JQ, Guo YY, Zhang B, Li Y. Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of osteoblasts induced by Fam20c knockout. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:155-164. [PMID: 35025083 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fam20c is intimately related to tissue development and diseases. At present, it has been reported that Fam20c regulates the mineralization of osteoblasts, but there are few reports on other effects. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Fam20c on osteoblasts by knocking out the Fam20c gene. METHODS Fam20c knockout osteoblasts were constructed by transfecting mouse osteoblasts with lentivirus. The proliferation, migration and mineralization of Fam20c knockout cells were detected by CCK-8, scratch test and alizarin red staining assays. The subcellular structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-PCR was used to detect the differential expression of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET)-related marker genes and core transcription factors. The differential expression of MET-related proteins was detected by immunofluorescence or Western blot. Transcriptome analysis of Fam20c knockout osteoblasts was performed, and real-time PCR was used to verify transcriptome analysis related to MET. RESULTS The proliferation ability of osteoblasts was not significantly changed after Fam20c deletion, but the migration ability and mineralization ability were significantly weakened. There were tight junctions between Fam20c knockout cells. The expression of mesenchymal cell marker genes and core transcription factors was significantly decreased, and the expression of epithelial cell marker genes was significantly increased. The expression of mesenchymal cell marker proteins was significantly decreased, and the expression of epithelial cell marker proteins was significantly increased. Multiple signalling molecules and pathways involved in MET have changed. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of Fam20c resulted in MET. Fam20c affects the transcription of key factors in osteoblast MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Geng
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Long Da
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qun Wang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yao Guo
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Xu R, Tan H, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Xie Q, Zhang L. Fam20C in Human Diseases: Emerging Biological Functions and Therapeutic Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:790172. [PMID: 34988120 PMCID: PMC8721277 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.790172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fam20C, a typical member of Fam20 family, has been well-known as a Golgi casein kinase, which is closely associated with Raine Syndrome (RS). It can phosphorylate many secreted proteins and multiple substrates, and thereby plays a crucial role in biological functions. More importantly, Fam20C has also been found to enhance the metastasis of several types of human cancers, such as breast cancer, indicating that Fam20C may be a promising therapeutic target. Accordingly, some small-molecule inhibitors of Fam20C have been reported in cancer. Taken together, these inspiring findings would shed new light on exploiting Fam20C as a potential therapeutic target and inhibiting Fam20C with small-molecule compounds would provide a clue on discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs for fighting with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Huidan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Yamazaki M, Michigami T. Osteocytes and the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemic rickets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1005189. [PMID: 36246908 PMCID: PMC9556901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1005189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since phosphorus is a component of hydroxyapatite, its prolonged deprivation affects bone mineralization. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is essential for maintaining phosphate homeostasis and is mainly produced by osteocytes. FGF23 increases the excretion of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and decreases the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidneys. Osteocytes are cells of osteoblastic lineage that have undergone terminal differentiation and become embedded in mineralized bone matrix. Osteocytes express FGF23 and other multiple genes responsible for hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets, which include phosphate-regulating gene homologous to endopeptidase on X chromosome (PHEX), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C). Since inactivating mutations in PHEX, DMP1, and FAM20C boost the production of FGF23, these molecules might be considered as local negative regulators of FGF23. Mouse studies have suggested that enhanced FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is involved in the overproduction of FGF23 in PHEX-deficient X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and DMP1-deficient autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 1. Since FGFR is involved in the transduction of signals evoked by extracellular Pi, Pi sensing in osteocytes may be abnormal in these diseases. Serum levels of sclerostin, an inhibitor Wnt/β-catenin signaling secreted by osteocytes, are increased in XLH patients, and mouse studies have suggested the potential of inhibiting sclerostin as a new therapeutic option for the disease. The elucidation of complex abnormalities in the osteocytes of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases will provide a more detailed understanding of their pathogenesis and more effective treatments.
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16
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Zuo H, Yang D, Wan Y. Fam20C Regulates Bone Resorption and Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis through Osteopontin and BMP4. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5242-5254. [PMID: 34433585 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fam20C is a kinase that generates the majority of secreted phosphoproteins and regulates biomineralization. However, its potential roles in bone resorption and breast cancer bone metastasis are unknown. Here we show that Fam20C in the myeloid lineage suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, during which, osteopontin (OPN) is the most abundant phosphoprotein secreted in a Fam20C-dependent manner. OPN phosphorylation by Fam20C decreased OPN secretion, and OPN neutralization reduced Fam20C deficiency-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone metastasis. In contrast, Fam20C in breast cancer cells promoted bone metastasis by facilitating the phosphorylation and secretion of BMP4, which in turn enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Mutation of the BMP4 phosphorylation site elevated BMP4 lysosomal degradation and reduced BMP4 secretion. In breast cancer cells, BMP4 depletion or treatment with a BMP4 signaling inhibitor diminished osteoclast differentiation and bone metastasis and abolished Fam20C-mediated regulation of these processes. Collectively, this study discovers distinct roles for Fam20C in myeloid cells and breast cancer cells and highlights OPN and BMP4 as potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer bone metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoclastogenesis and bone metastasis are suppressed by myeloid-derived Fam20C, but enhanced by breast cancer-associated Fam20C, uncovering novel Fam20C functions and new therapeutic strategies via targeting Fam20C substrates OPN and BMP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dengbao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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17
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FAM20C Overview: Classic and Novel Targets, Pathogenic Variants and Raine Syndrome Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158039. [PMID: 34360805 PMCID: PMC8348777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM20C is a gene coding for a protein kinase that targets S-X-E/pS motifs on different phosphoproteins belonging to diverse tissues. Pathogenic variants of FAM20C are responsible for Raine syndrome (RS), initially described as a lethal and congenital osteosclerotic dysplasia characterized by generalized atherosclerosis with periosteal bone formation, characteristic facial dysmorphisms and intracerebral calcifications. The aim of this review is to give an overview of targets and variants of FAM20C as well as RS aspects. We performed a wide phenotypic review focusing on clinical aspects and differences between all lethal (LRS) and non-lethal (NLRS) reported cases, besides the FAM20C pathogenic variant description for each. As new targets of FAM20C kinase have been identified, we reviewed FAM20C targets and their functions in bone and other tissues, with emphasis on novel targets not previously considered. We found the classic lethal and milder non-lethal phenotypes. The milder phenotype is defined by a large spectrum ranging from osteonecrosis to osteosclerosis with additional congenital defects or intellectual disability in some cases. We discuss our current understanding of FAM20C deficiency, its mechanism in RS through classic FAM20C targets in bone tissue and its potential biological relevance through novel targets in non-bone tissues.
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From biomineralization to tumorogenesis-the expanding insight of the physiological and pathological roles of Fam20C. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228577. [PMID: 33942849 PMCID: PMC8493443 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fam20C is a Golgi kinase phosphorylating the majority of the secreted proteins. In this decade, the function of Fam20C has been largely disclosed in the loss-of function models. How the influence of the overexpressed Fam20C on cells or organs, and whether Fam20C was associated with tumorogensis still remain unknown. In the latest article in Bioscience Reports, a group from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University established a correlation between the elevated Fam20C expression and the poor prognosis of multiple cancers (Biosci. Rep. (2021), 41(1) BSR20201920). In addition, they also proposed the potential mechanisms how the increased Fam20C expression played a detrimental role in tumor progression by suggesting that the up-regulated Fam20C level affected the infiltration of immune cells and the capability of cancer metastasis. To give an overview of the expanding knowledge of Fam20C involved in the physiological and pathological events, we first reviewed the history of Fam20C study in this commentary, then, evaluated the correlation of the elevated Fam20C expression to the prognosis of multiple cancers, and finally, interpreted the perspectives that the Fam20C gain-of-function model was also critical for cancer therapy.
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Sabik OL, Calabrese GM, Taleghani E, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Farber CR. Identification of a Core Module for Bone Mineral Density through the Integration of a Co-expression Network and GWAS Data. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108145. [PMID: 32937138 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The "omnigenic" model of the genetic architecture of complex traits proposed two categories of causal genes: core and peripheral. Core genes are hypothesized to directly regulate disease and may serve as therapeutic targets. Using a cell-type- and time-point-specific gene co-expression network for mineralizing osteoblasts, we identify a co-expression module enriched for genes implicated by bone mineral density (BMD) genome-wide association studies (GWASs), correlated with in vitro osteoblast mineralization and associated with skeletal phenotypes in human monogenic disease and mouse knockouts. Four genes from this module (B4GALNT3, CADM1, DOCK9, and GPR133) are located within the BMD GWAS loci with colocalizing expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and exhibit altered BMD in mouse knockouts, suggesting that they are causal genetic drivers of BMD in humans. Our network-based approach identifies a "core" module for BMD and provides a resource for expanding our understanding of the genetics of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Sabik
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gina M Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eric Taleghani
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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The ABCs of the atypical Fam20 secretory pathway kinases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100267. [PMID: 33759783 PMCID: PMC7948968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of extracellular phosphorylation was initiated in late 19th century when the secreted milk protein, casein, and egg-yolk protein, phosvitin, were shown to be phosphorylated. However, it took more than a century to identify Fam20C, which phosphorylates both casein and phosvitin under physiological conditions. This kinase, along with its family members Fam20A and Fam20B, defined a new family with altered amino acid sequences highly atypical from the canonical 540 kinases comprising the kinome. Fam20B is a glycan kinase that phosphorylates xylose residues and triggers peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a role conserved from sponges to human. The protein kinase, Fam20C, conserved from nematodes to humans, phosphorylates well over 100 substrates in the secretory pathway with overall functions postulated to encompass endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, nutrition, cardiac function, coagulation, and biomineralization. The preferred phosphorylation motif of Fam20C is SxE/pS, and structural studies revealed that related member Fam20A allosterically activates Fam20C by forming a heterodimeric/tetrameric complex. Fam20A, a pseudokinase, is observed only in vertebrates. Loss-of-function genetic alterations in the Fam20 family lead to human diseases such as amelogenesis imperfecta, nephrocalcinosis, lethal and nonlethal forms of Raine syndrome with major skeletal defects, and altered phosphate homeostasis. Together, these three members of the Fam20 family modulate a diverse network of secretory pathway components playing crucial roles in health and disease. The overarching theme of this review is to highlight the progress that has been made in the emerging field of extracellular phosphorylation and the key roles secretory pathway kinases play in an ever-expanding number of cellular processes.
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Trendowski MR, Wheeler HE, El-Charif O, Feldman DR, Hamilton RJ, Vaughn DJ, Fung C, Kollmannsberger C, Einhorn LH, Travis LB, Dolan ME. Clinical and Genome-Wide Analysis of Multiple Severe Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicities in Adult-Onset Cancer Survivors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6550-6558. [PMID: 32998964 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic for many cancers, but causes neurotoxicity including hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. However, no study has comprehensively characterized risk factors for developing multiple (>1) severe neurotoxicities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The relationship between multiple severe neurotoxicities and age, cumulative cisplatin dose, medical history, and lifestyle/behavioral factors was evaluated in 300 cisplatin-treated testicular cancer survivors using logistic regression. Case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS; cases, n = 104 and controls, n = 196) was also performed. RESULTS Age at clinical examination (P = 6.4 × 10-16) and cumulative cisplatin dose (P = 5.4 × 10-4) were positively associated with multiple severe neurotoxicity risk, as were high serum platinum levels (P = 0.02), tobacco use (ever smoker, P = 0.001 and current smoker, P = 0.002), and hypertension (P = 0.01) after adjustment for age and cumulative cisplatin dose. Individuals with multiple severe neurotoxicities were more likely to experience dizziness/vertigo (P = 0.01), Raynaud phenomenon (P = 3.7 × 10-9), and symptoms consistent with peripheral motor neuropathy (P = 4.3 × 10-14) after age and dose adjustment. These patients also reported poorer overall health (P = 2.7 × 10-5) and a greater use of psychotropic medications (P = 0.06). GWAS identified no genome-wide significant SNPs. Gene-based association analysis identified RGS17 (P = 3.9 × 10-5) and FAM20C (P = 5.5 × 10-5) as near genome-wide significant. Decreased FAM20C expression was associated with increased cisplatin sensitivity in tumor cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Certain survivors are more susceptible to cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity, markedly increasing likelihood of developing numerous neuro-otological symptoms that affect quality of life. Genome-wide analysis identified genetic variation in FAM20C as a potentially important risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather E Wheeler
- Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Omar El-Charif
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Vaughn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chunkit Fung
- J.P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lois B Travis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - M Eileen Dolan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Hirose K, Ishimoto T, Usami Y, Sato S, Oya K, Nakano T, Komori T, Toyosawa S. Overexpression of Fam20C in osteoblast in vivo leads to increased cortical bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Bone 2020; 138:115414. [PMID: 32416287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fam20C, which phosphorylates many secretory proteins with S-x-E/pS motifs, is highly expressed in bone and tooth tissues, implying that Fam20C-mediated phosphorylation is critical for regulation of these mineralized tissues. Previous studies of Fam20C-deficient mice revealed that Fam20C plays important roles in bone formation and mineralization. However, Fam20C-deficient mice develop hypophosphatemia, a systemic factor that masks the local effect of Fam20C in the bone tissue; consequently, the local role of Fam20C remains unknown. To elucidate the local function of Fam20C in bone tissue, we studied osteoblast-specific Fam20C transgenic (Fam20C-Tg) mice, which have no alteration in serum calcium and phosphate levels. Fam20C-Tg mice had more highly phosphorylated proteins in bone tissue than wild-type mice. In cortical bone of Fam20C-Tg mice, bone volume, mineralization surface (MS/BS), and mineral apposition rate (MAR) were elevated; in addition, the transgenic mice had an elevated number of vascular canals, resulting in an increased cortical porosity. Osteocyte number was elevated in the transgenics, but osteoblast number was unchanged. The microstructure of bone matrix characterized by the preferential orientation of collagen and apatite, was degraded and thus the mechanical function of bone material was deteriorated. In trabecular bone of Fam20C-Tg mice, bone volume was reduced, whereas MS/BS and MAR were unchanged. Osteoclast number was elevated and eroded surface area was non-significantly elevated with an increased serum CTX-I level, whereas osteoblast number was unchanged. These findings indicated that Fam20C overexpression in osteoblasts promotes cortical bone formation by increasing MS/BS and MAR and promoting osteocyte differentiation, but does not affect trabecular bone formation. Furthermore, Fam20C overexpression indirectly promotes osteoclastic bone resorption in cortical and trabecular bones. Our findings show that osteoblastic Fam20C-mediated phosphorylation in bone tissue regulates bone formation and resorption, and bone material quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Hirose
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Sunao Sato
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kaori Oya
- Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Hernández-Zavala A, Cortés-Camacho F, Palma-Lara I, Godínez-Aguilar R, Espinosa AM, Pérez-Durán J, Villanueva-Ocampo P, Ugarte-Briones C, Serrano-Bello CA, Sánchez-Santiago PJ, Bonilla-Delgado J, Yáñez-López MA, Victoria-Acosta G, López-Ornelas A, García Alonso-Themann P, Moreno J, Palacios-Reyes C. Two Novel FAM20C Variants in A Family with Raine Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020222. [PMID: 32093234 PMCID: PMC7073523 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two siblings from a Mexican family who carried lethal Raine syndrome are presented. A newborn term male (case 1) and his 21 gestational week brother (case 2), with a similar osteosclerotic pattern: generalized osteosclerosis, which is more evident in facial bones and cranial base. Prenatal findings at 21 weeks and histopathological features for case 2 are described. A novel combination of biallelic FAM20C pathogenic variants were detected, a maternal cytosine duplication at position 456 and a paternal deletion of a cytosine in position 474 in exon 1, which change the reading frame with a premature termination at codon 207 and 185 respectively. These changes are in concordance with a negative detection of the protein in liver and kidney as shown in case 2. Necropsy showed absence of pancreatic Langerhans Islets, which are reported here for the first time. Corpus callosum absence is added to the few reported cases of brain defects in Raine syndrome. This report shows two new FAM20C variants not described previously, and negative protein detection in the liver and the kidney. We highlight that lethal Raine syndrome is well defined as early as 21 weeks, including mineralization defects and craniofacial features. Pancreas and brain defects found here in FAM20C deficiency extend the functional spectrum of this protein to previously unknown organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Hernández-Zavala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Morphology, Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.H.-Z.); (F.C.-C.); (I.P.-L.)
| | - Fernando Cortés-Camacho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Morphology, Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.H.-Z.); (F.C.-C.); (I.P.-L.)
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Icela Palma-Lara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Morphology, Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.H.-Z.); (F.C.-C.); (I.P.-L.)
| | - Ricardo Godínez-Aguilar
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Ana María Espinosa
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Javier Pérez-Durán
- National Institute of Perinatology, Calle Montes Urales 800, Lomas - Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Section, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.P.-D.); (P.G.A.-T.)
| | - Patricia Villanueva-Ocampo
- Deparment of Ginecology, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Ugarte-Briones
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (C.U.-B.); (C.A.S.-B.); (P.J.S.-S.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Serrano-Bello
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (C.U.-B.); (C.A.S.-B.); (P.J.S.-S.)
| | - Paula Jesús Sánchez-Santiago
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (C.U.-B.); (C.A.S.-B.); (P.J.S.-S.)
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Marco Antonio Yáñez-López
- Department of Radiology & Imagenology, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico;
| | - Georgina Victoria-Acosta
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Adolfo López-Ornelas
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Patricia García Alonso-Themann
- National Institute of Perinatology, Calle Montes Urales 800, Lomas - Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Section, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (J.P.-D.); (P.G.A.-T.)
| | - José Moreno
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Carmen Palacios-Reyes
- Direction and Division of Research, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (R.G.-A.); (J.B.-D.); (G.V.-A.); (A.L.-O.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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