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Chai YL, Strohm L, Zhu Y, Chia RS, Chong JR, Suresh DD, Zhou LH, Too HP, Hilal S, Radivoyevitch T, Koo EH, Chen CP, Poplawski GHD. Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched miRNA-Biomarkers Show Improved Utility for Detecting Alzheimer's Disease Dementia and Medial Temporal Atrophy. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1317-1331. [PMID: 38788066 PMCID: PMC11191453 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Emerging diagnostic modalities suggest that miRNA profiles within extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from peripheral blood specimens may provide a non-invasive diagnostic alternative for dementia and neurodegenerative disorders. Given that EVs confer a protective environment against miRNA enzymatic degradation, the miRNAs enriched in the EV fraction of blood samples could serve as more stable and clinically relevant biomarkers compared to those obtained from serum. Objective To compare miRNAs isolated from EVs versus serum in blood taken from Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia patients and control cohorts. Methods We compared 25 AD patients to 34 individuals who exhibited no cognitive impairments (NCI). Subjects were Singapore residents with Chinese heritage. miRNAs purified from serum versus blood-derived EVs were analyzed for associations with AD dementia and medial temporal atrophy detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Results Compared to serum-miRNAs, we identified almost twice as many EV-miRNAs associated with AD dementia, and they also correlated more significantly with medial temporal atrophy, a neuroimaging marker of AD-brain pathology. We further developed combination panels of serum-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs with improved performance in identifying AD dementia. Dominant in both panels was miRNA-1290. Conclusions This data indicates that miRNA profiling from EVs offers diagnostic superiority. This underscores the role of EVs as vectors harboring prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders and suggests their potential in yielding novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Lea Strohm
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Rachel S.L. Chia
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Joyce Ruifen Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Danesha Devini Suresh
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Heng Phon Too
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward H. Koo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Gunnar Heiko Dirk Poplawski
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lu W, Wen J. H 2S-mediated inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway and noncoding RNAs in ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:163-176. [PMID: 36469178 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of major causes of disability. In the pathological process of ischemic stroke, the up-regulation of Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) and its downstream effector, Ras homolog gene family (Rho)-associated coiled coil-containing kinase (ROCK), contribute to the neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, axon growth inhibition and astrogliosis. Accumulating evidences have revealed that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) could reduce brain injury in animal model of ischemic stroke via inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted much attention because of their essential role in adjusting gene expression both in physiological and pathological conditions. Numerous studies have uncovered the role of RhoA/ROCK pathway and ncRNAs in ischemic stroke. In this review, we focused on the role of H2S, RhoA/ROCK pathway and ncRNAs in ischemic stroke and aimed to reveal new strategies for preventing and treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Han B, Wang J, Hu F, Liu Y, Sun Y, Meng K, Lu P, Tang H. Functional mechanism of EGR3 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by modulating transcription of pri-miR-146a/146b to miR-146 and suppressing SORT1 expression. Brain Res 2022; 1797:148096. [PMID: 36150456 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE EGR3 is implicated in angiogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). This research aimed to explore the effect and in vivo and ex vivo mechanisms of EGR3 in CIRI. METHODS CIRI rat models were established via middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cell models were established via oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Brain injury was assessed by neurological scoring, HE, and TTC staining. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers were measured using corresponding kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration were examined by flow cytometry and respirometry. EGR3-miR-146 network was predicted on TransmiR v2.0 database. Target genes of miR-146 were screened on Starbase, Targetscan, and miRDB databases. miR-146 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Levels of EGR3 and SORT1 were determined by Western blot. Binding relationships among EGR3, miR-146, and SORT1 were validated by dual-luciferase assay. EGR3, miR-146, and SORT1 levels were altered by injection or cell transfection to observe their functions. RESULTS EGR3 was poorly-expressed in CIRI rats and OGD/R-induced neurons. EGR3 overexpression reduced inflammatory factor levels and attenuated oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury in CIRI rats and OGD/R-induced neurons. EGR3 bound to miR-146b promoter region. EGR3 promoted pri-miR-146a/146b processing and stimulated miR-146 transcription. miR-146 overexpression ameliorated oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury and miR-146 downregulation abolished the effect of EGR3 overexpression in vitro. miR-146 targeted SORT1. SORT1 overexpression invalidated the protective function of miR-146 overexpression on oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury in vitro. CONCLUSION EGR3 protected against CIRI by mitigating oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury via the miR-146/SORT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Fengyun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Pengyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Emergency, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Zhang L, Sui S, Wang S, Sun J. Neuroprotective Effect of Corosolic Acid Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Rats. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1501-1510. [PMID: 36089398 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches were also urgently needed as ischaemic stroke was one of the most common brain disorders. Many phytochemicals have recently been discovered for the advancement of lead-like libraries that are concentrated on the peripheral and central nervous systems. Science does not yet understand how these drugs work, nor do they comprehend their in vivo characteristics. We investigated the potential benefits of corosolic acid (CA) in the treatment of brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Injury occurs after a 2-hour transient occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery and subsequent reperfusion (after 20 hours). Furthermore, the experiment assessed the size of the infarct, the amount of brain water present, as well as the neurofunctional conditions in rats. In the study, several markers of inflammation and cytokines associated with brain injury were measured. The Elisa kit was used in this study to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin 1β, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitrous oxide (NO). The CA treatment significantly reduced brain water content, brain infarction volume, neurological scores, and Evans blue leakage (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Experimental rats were treated with CA after a significantly reduced level of anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress mediators was noted in their body tissues and serum (p < 0.001). By suppressing inflammatory responses in rats, CA demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Songtao Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
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Yan W, Ren D, Feng X, Huang J, Wang D, Li T, Zhang D. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pterostilbene Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Suppression of COX-2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770329. [PMID: 34795593 PMCID: PMC8593399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of cerebral ischemia disease leading cause of death in human population worldwide. Treatment of cerebral ischemia remains a clinical challenge for researchers and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia remain unknown. During the cerebral ischemia, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress plays an important role. The current investigation scrutinized the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of pterostilbene against cerebral ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rodent model and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: The rats were divided into following groups viz., normal, sham, MCAO and MCAO + pterostilbene (25 mg/kg) group, respectively. The groups received the oral administration of pterostilbene for 30 days followed by MCAO induction. The neurological score, brain water content, infarct volume and Evan blue leakage were estimated. Hepatic, renal, heart, inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Results: Pterostilbene treatment significantly (p < 0.001) improved the body weight and suppressed the glucose level and brain weight. Pterostilbene significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the hepatic, renal and heart parameters. Pterostilbene significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the level of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased the level of malonaldehyde (MDA), 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Pterostilbene significantly (p < 0.001) inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory parameters such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin (PGE2). Pterostilbene significantly (p < 0.001) down-regulated the level of metalloproteinases (MMP) such as MMP-2 and MMP-9. Pterostilbene suppressed the cellular swelling, cellular disintegration, macrophage infiltration, monocyte infiltration and polymorphonuclear leucocyte degranulation in the brain. Conclusion: In conclusion, Pterostilbene exhibited the neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia in rats via anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dabin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Kimura T, Horikoshi Y, Kuriyagawa C, Niiyama Y. Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111573. [PMID: 34769004 PMCID: PMC8584200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes (IS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) are major causes of disability. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astrogliosis, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), were previously considered to be non-functional. However, they have attracted much attention because they play an essential role in regulating gene expression in physiological and pathological conditions. There is growing evidence that ROCK inhibitors, such as fasudil and VX-210, can reduce injury in IS and SCI in animal models and clinical trials. Recently, it has been reported that miRNAs are decreased in IS and SCI, while lncRNAs are increased. Inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway with miRNAs alleviates apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Further studies are required to explore the significance of ncRNAs in IS and SCI and to establish new strategies for preventing and treating these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Kimura
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-18-884-6175; Fax: +81-18-884-6448
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H 2S protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by promoting RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:132. [PMID: 34088899 PMCID: PMC8178328 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of RhoA-ROCK pathway is involved in the H2S-induced cerebral vasodilatation and H2S-mediated protection on endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury. However, the inhibitory mechanism of H2S on RhoA-ROCK pathway is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the target and mechanism of H2S in inhibition of RhoA/ROCK. GST-RhoAwild and GST-RhoAS188A proteins were constructed and expressed, and were used for phosphorylation assay in vitro. Recombinant RhoAwild-pEGFP-N1 and RhoAS188A-pEGFP-N1 plasmids were constructed and transfected into primary hippocampal nerve cells (HNCs) to evaluate the neuroprotective mechanism of endothelial H2S by using transwell co-culture system with endothelial cells from cystathionine-γ-lyase knockout (CSE-/-) mice and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase knockout (3-MST-/-) rats, respectively. We found that NaHS, exogenous H2S donor, promoted RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188 in the presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1) in vitro. Besides, both exogenous and endothelial H2S facilitated the RhoA phosphorylation at Ser188 in HNCs, which induced the reduction of RhoA activity and membrane transposition, as well as ROCK2 activity and expression. To further investigate the role of endothelial H2S on RhoA phosphorylation, we detected H2S release from ECs of CSE+/+ and CSE-/- mice, and 3-MST+/+ and 3-MST-/- rats, respectively, and found that H2S produced by ECs in the culture medium is mainly catalyzed by CSE synthase. Moreover, we revealed that both endothelial H2S, mainly catalyzed by CSE, and exogenous H2S protected the HNCs against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury via phosphorylating RhoA at Ser188.
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Yu B, Xiao M, Yang F, Xiao J, Zhang H, Su L, Zhang X, Li X. MicroRNA-431-5p encapsulated in serum extracellular vesicles as a biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105975. [PMID: 33838342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and precise monitoring of the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) can significantly improve therapeutic strategies and help decrease blindness caused by it. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently found to be involved in intercellular communications and are a potential source for the discovery of novel biomarkers. The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in small EVs (sEVs) as minimally invasive biomarkers for PDR. SEVs were extracted from plasma of healthy subjects, diabetic patients, nonPDR patients and PDR patients. Then, we performed microarray analysis to determine the miRNA expression profile. MiR-431-5p expression doubled in the PDR patients compared with the healthy controls and the diabetic patients. We further found that miR-431-5p expression was 2.3 times higher in 4-hydroxynonenal treated human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) than the control. After transfection with miR-431-5p mimics, proliferation of HRCECs was promoted, while transfection with miR-431-5p inhibitor demonstrated the opposite effect. The present findings indicate that circulating sEVs showed a differential miRNA profile in PDR patients. MiR-431-5p was involved in the pathogenesis of PDR development and may function as a novel biomarker for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mengran Xiao
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Lin Su
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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Xing F, Liu Y, Dong R, Cheng Y. miR-374 improves cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by targeting Wnt5a. Exp Anim 2021; 70:126-136. [PMID: 33116025 PMCID: PMC7887619 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, studies have demonstrated the potential functions of microRNAs in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Herein, we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats and then subjected them to reperfusion to explore the role of microRNA-374 (miR-374) in cerebral IR injury. After reperfusion, the endogenous miR-374 level decreased, and the expression of its target gene, Wnt5a, increased in brain tissues. Intracerebral pretreatment of miR-374 agomir attenuated cerebral damage induced by IR, including neurobehavioral deficits, infarction, cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier disruption. Moreover, rats pretreated with miR-374 agomir showed a remarkable decrease in apoptotic neurons, which was further confirmed by reduced BAX expression as well as increased BCL-2 and BCL-XL expression. A dual-luciferase reporter assay substantiated that Wnt5a was the target gene of miR-374. miR-374 might protect against brain injury by downregulating Wnt5a in rats after IR. Thus, our study provided a novel mechanism of cerebral IR injury from the perspective of miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, People's Republic of China
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Yu SJ, Yu MJ, Bu ZQ, He PP, Feng J. MicroRNA-670 aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the Yap pathway. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1024-1030. [PMID: 33269746 PMCID: PMC8224117 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important programmed cell death process involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. MicroRNAs are considered to play an important role in the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, whether miR-670 can regulate cell growth and death in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood. In this study, we established mouse models of transient middle artery occlusion and Neuro 2a cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to investigate the potential molecular mechanism by which miR-670 exhibits its effects during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that after ischemia/reperfusion injury, miR-670 expression was obviously increased. After miR-670 expression was inhibited with an miR-670 antagomir, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced neuronal death was obviously reduced. When miR-670 overexpression was induced by an miR-670 agomir, neuronal apoptosis was increased. In addition, we also found that miR-670 could promote Yap degradation via phosphorylation and worsen neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits. Inhibition of miR-670 reduced neurological impairments after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. These results suggest that microRNA-670 aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the Yap pathway, which may be a potential target for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University on February 27, 2017 (IRB No. 2017PS035K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Bu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Li L, Huang J. Rapamycin Pretreatment Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Dose-Response Manner Through Inhibition of the Autophagy and NFκB Pathways in Rats. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820946194. [PMID: 32874166 PMCID: PMC7436792 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820946194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rapamycin can attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the potential roles of rapamycin on cerebral I/R injury remain largely controversial. The present work aims to evaluate underlying molecular mechanisms of rapamycin pretreatment on I/R injury. In total, 34 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped to 3 groups: sham group (n = 2), vehicle group (n = 16), and rapamycin-pretreatment group (n = 16). Before the focal cerebral ischemia was induced, those rats in the pretreatment group were intraperitoneally injected rapamycin (1 mg/kg body) for 20 hours, while rats in the vehicle group received same-volume saline. Then, rats in these 2 groups received focal cerebral ischemia for 3 and 6 hours, respectively (n = 8 in each group), which was followed by the application of reperfusion for 4, 24, 72 hours, and 1 week (n = 2 in each group). The results showed that the rapamycin pretreatment improved the memory functions of rats after I/R injury, which was evaluated using a Y-maze test. Rapamycin pretreatment significantly reduced the size of triphenyltetrazolium chloride infarction and decreased the expression of I/R injury markers. Moreover, the expression of LC-3 and NFκB was also significantly reduced after rapamycin pretreatment. Taken together, rapamycin pretreatment may alleviate cerebral I/R injury partly through inhibiting autophagic activities and NFκB pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Li
- Department of emergency medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang K, Ru J, Zhang H, Chen J, Lin X, Lin Z, Wen M, Huang L, Ni H, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Melatonin Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Plasma Exosomes Against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis Through the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:848. [PMID: 33013286 PMCID: PMC7461850 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ischemic stroke-induced inflammation and inflammasome-dependent pyroptotic neural death cause serious neurological injury. Nano-sized plasma exosomes have exhibited therapeutic potential against ischemia and reperfusion injury by ameliorating inflammation. To enhance its therapeutic potential in patients with ischemic injury, we isolated exosomes from melatonin-treated rat plasma and assessed the neurological protective effect in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Basal plasma exosomes and melatonin-treated plasma exosomes were isolated and intravenously injected into a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Neurological recovery was evaluated by determining the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), infarct volume, and brain water content. Pyroptosis in the ischemic cortex was detected through dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage. NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and global inflammatory cytokine secretion were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay. In immunized Sprague-Dawley rats, microglia pyroptosis was determined through a positive percentage of IBA1+ and caspase-1 (p20)+ cells. Finally, the microRNA (miRNA) profiles in melatonin-treated plasma exosomes were analyzed by exosome miRNA microarray analysis. Results Melatonin treatment enhanced plasma exosome therapeutic effects against ischemia-induced inflammatory responses and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. In addition, we confirmed that ischemic stroke-induced pyroptotic cell death occurred in the microglia and neuron, while the administration of melatonin-treated exosomes further effectively decreased the infarct volume and improved recovery of function via regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, the altered miRNA profiles in the melatonin-treated plasma exosomes demonstrated the regulatory mechanisms involved in neurological recovery after ischemic injury. Conclusion This study suggests that nano-sized plasma exosomes with melatonin pretreatment might be a more effective strategy for patients with ischemic brain injury. Further exploration of key molecules in the plasma exosome may provide increased therapeutic value for cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haoqi Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Wu W, Liu J, Yang C, Xu Z, Huang J, Lin J. Astrocyte-derived exosome-transported microRNA-34c is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via TLR7 and the NF-κB/MAPK pathways. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:84-94. [PMID: 32682816 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and microRNAs (miRs) are critical in reducing ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanism of astrocyte-derived exosome (ATC-Exo)-transported miR-34c in cerebral I/R injury is unclear. A rat model of cerebral I/R injury was established in this study, and the rats were injected with ATC-Exos. An oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in N2a cells was utilized to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro, and the effects of ATC-Exo-transported miR-34c on the biological episodes of OGD/R-stimulated N2a cells were evaluated. The downstream gene and pathway of miR-34c were verified, and a rescue experiment of the pathway was performed. Consequently, we found that I/R damaged neurons, and ATC-Exo-transported miR-34c alleviated the neuronal injury caused by I/R. In addition, ATC-Exo-transported miR-34c promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated N2a cells. miR-34c targeted Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and downregulated the NF-κB/MAPK axis. Treatment with NF-κB- or MAPK-specific inhibitors partially restored the impaired protection against I/R that was caused by ATC-Exos with low expression of miR-34c. Overall, ATC-Exo-transported miR-34c targets TLR7 to downregulate the NF-κB/MAPK axis and relieve neurological damage induced by I/R. This study may offer novel insight for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Wu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Jiaquan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Jianbao Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China
| | - Jiyan Lin
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, PR China.
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14
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Zhang KY, Rui G, Zhang JP, Guo L, An GZ, Lin JJ, He W, Ding GR. Cathodal tDCS exerts neuroprotective effect in rat brain after acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:21. [PMID: 32397959 PMCID: PMC7216334 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain modulation technique that has been proved to exert beneficial effects in the acute phase of stroke. To explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of cathodal tDCS on brain injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). RESULTS We established the MCAO model and sham MCAO model with an epicranial electrode implanted adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, and then they were randomly divided into four groups (MCAO + tDCS, MCAO + sham tDCS (Sham), Control + tDCS and Control + Sham group). In this study, the severity degree of neurological deficit, the morphology of brain damage, the apoptosis, the level of neuron-specific enolase and inflammatory factors, the activation of glial cells was detected. The results showed that cathodal tDCS significantly improved the level of neurological deficit and the brain morphology, reduced the brain damage area and apoptotic index, and increased the number of Nissl body in MCAO rats, compared with MCAO + Sham group. Meanwhile, the high level of NSE, inflammatory factors, Caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in MCAO rats was reduced by cathodal tDCS. Additionally, cathodal tDCS inhibited the activation of astrocyte and microglia induced by MCAO. No difference was found in two Control groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that cathodal tDCS could accelerate the recovery of neurologic deficit and brain damage caused by MCAO. The inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis resulted from cathodal tDCS may be involved in the neuroprotective process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guang-Zhou An
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jia-Jin Lin
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gui-Rong Ding
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, 169# Chang Le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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15
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Pang Y, Zhu S, Pei H. Pachymic acid protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:673-680. [PMID: 32140824 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pachymic acid (PA) from medicinal fungus Poria cocos has a variety of pharmacological potentials. However, there are no reports of the effects of PA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of PA on cerebral I/R injury in rats. The effects of PA on cerebral infarction size, brain water content, neurological symptoms and cerebral blood flow were evaluated. Nissl staining was used to observe the damage of ischemic brain neurons after I/R in rats. Apoptosis of ischemic brain neurons after I/R was observed by TUNEL staining. The effect of PA on the expression of some components of PI3K/Akt was detected by Western blotting. PA significantly increased cerebral blood flow after I/R in rats, reduced infarct volume and brain water content, and downgrade neurological function scores, significantly reduced neuronal damage after I/R in rats, and significantly decreased neuronal apoptosis. The effect of PA on rat I/R can be eliminated by LY294002. In addition, PA significantly up-regulated the protein expression of p-PTEN (Ser380), p-PDK1 (Ser241), p-Akt (Ser473), pc-Raf (Ser259) and p-BAD (Ser136), and down-regulated Cleaved caspase protein expression. LY294002 can reverse the effect of PA on the expression of PI3K / Akt signaling pathway related protein in rats after I/R. PA had obviously neuroprotective effects on brain I/R injury and neuronal apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to activation of PI3K / Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiao Pang
- Medical School of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Zhu
- Medical School of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Qingdao University, No.19 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266011, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Exosomal regulation of lymphocyte homing to the gut. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1-11. [PMID: 30591532 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes secreted from T cells have been shown to affect dendritic cells, cancer cells, and other T cells. However, little is known about how T-cell exosomes (T exosomes) modulate endothelial cell functions in the context of tissue-specific homing. Here, we study the roles of T exosomes in the regulation of gut-specific T-cell homing. The gut-tropic T cells induced by retinoic acid secrete the exosomes that upregulate integrin α4β7 binding to the MAdCAM-1 expressed on high endothelial venules in the gut. T exosomes were preferentially distributed to the villi of the small intestine in an α4β7-dependent manner. Exosomes from gut-tropic T cells suppressed the expression of MAdCAM-1 in the small intestine, thereby inhibiting T-cell homing to the gut. Moreover, microRNA (miRNA) profiling analysis has shown that exosomes from gut-tropic T cells were enriched with miRNAs targeting NKX2.3, a transcription factor critical to MAdCAM-1 expression. Taken together, our study proposes that α4β7-expressing T exosomes distribute themselves to the small intestine and modify the expression of microenvironmental tissues such that any subsequent lymphocyte homing is precluded. This may represent a novel mechanism by which excessive lymphocyte homing to the intestinal tissues is downsized.
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17
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Huo KG, Richer C, Berillo O, Mahjoub N, Fraulob-Aquino JC, Barhoumi T, Ouerd S, Coelho SC, Sinnett D, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. miR-431-5p Knockdown Protects Against Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Vascular Injury. Hypertension 2019; 73:1007-1017. [PMID: 30929512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular injury is an early manifestation in hypertension and a cause of end-organ damage. MicroRNAs play an important role in cardiovascular disease, but their implication in vascular injury in hypertension remains unclear. This study revealed using an unbiased approach, microRNA and mRNA sequencing with molecular interaction analysis, a microRNA-transcription factor coregulatory network involved in vascular injury in mice made hypertensive by 14-day Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. A candidate gene approach identified upregulated miR-431-5p encoded in the conserved 12qF1 (14q32 in humans) microRNA cluster, whose expression correlated with blood pressure, and which has been shown to be upregulated in human atherosclerosis, as a potential key regulator in Ang II-induced vascular injury. Gain- and loss-of-function in human vascular smooth muscle cells demonstrated that miR-431-5p regulates in part gene expression by targeting ETS homologous factor. In vivo miR-431-5p knockdown delayed Ang II-induced blood pressure elevation and reduced vascular injury in mice, which demonstrated its potential as a target for treatment of hypertension and vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Geng Huo
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (C.R., D.S.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olga Berillo
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nada Mahjoub
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julio C Fraulob-Aquino
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sofiane Ouerd
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suellen C Coelho
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (C.R., D.S.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine (D.S.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- From the Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (K.-G.H., O.B., N.M., J.C.F.-A., T.B., S.O., S.C.C., P.P., E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital (E.L.S.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Hu B, Cao L, Wang XY, Li L. Downregulation of microRNA-431-5p promotes enteric neural crest cell proliferation via targeting LRSAM1 in Hirschsprung's disease. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:294-302. [PMID: 31037734 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is characterized by missing of enteric neurons in the terminal areas of the whole gut, which is causally related to poor proliferation of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs). Our aim is to explore how miR-431-5p interacts with its target gene in regulation of proliferation of ENCCs in HSCR. METHODS Mouse model of HSCR was established by Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) treatment. Quantitative Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the miR-431-5p and the LRSAM1 expression in colon tissues of the HSCR group (n = 8) and the control group (n = 8) and in ENCCs isolated from colon tissues. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the proliferation of ENCCs of HSCR. ENCCs after transfection with miR-431-5p mimics or miR-431-5p inhibitor. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to clarify the connections between miR-431-5p and LRSAM1. RESULTS Upregulation of miR-431-5p and downregulation of LRSAM1 were found in ENCCs of HSCR. Downregulation of miR-431-5p could promote cell proliferation of ENCCs. LRSAM1 was proved to be the target gene of miR-431-5p by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, proliferation of ENCCs was increased in the miR-431-5p inhibitor group and was suppressed after knocking down LRSAM1. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-431-5p promoted proliferation of ENCCs via targeting LRSAM1, which provides an innovative and candidate target for treatment of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Sun Z, Shen Y, Chen X, Zhou X, Cheng R, Bao Z, Yang Y. Expression and potential regulation of miRNA‑431 during lung development of Sprague‑Dawley rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4980-4988. [PMID: 31059017 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‑Yi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan‑Qing Shen
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao‑Qing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao‑Yu Zhou
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi‑Dan Bao
- Department of Neonates, Jiangyin People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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20
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Wu YZ, Chan KYY, Leung KT, Lam HS, Tam YH, Lee KH, Li K, Ng PC. Dysregulation of miR-431 and target gene FOXA1 in intestinal tissues of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. FASEB J 2019; 33:5143-5152. [PMID: 30624964 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801470r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The level of microRNA (miR)-431 was found to be markedly up-regulated in intestinal tissue of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The objective of this study was to identify the target gene of miR-431 and to investigate the role of the miR-431-FOXA1 axis in the pathophysiology of NEC. The target gene of miR-431 was identified by in silico target prediction bioinformatics, luciferase assay, and Western blotting. Effects of miR-431 on downstream expression signals, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were investigated by overexpression in Caco-2 cells upon stimulation by LPS or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). FOXA1 was identified as the target gene of miR-431. Overexpression of miR-431 in Caco-2 cells significantly inhibited FOXA1, ESRRG, and HNF4A and activated IL-6, LGR5, NFKB2, PLA2G2A, PRKCZ, and TNF. IL-8 and - 10 were enhanced when costimulated with LPS or LTA. These potential downstream genes were also significantly dysregulated in primary NEC tissues compared with surgical-control tissues. Overexpression of miR-431 significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of Caco-2 cells. A proposed network of miR-431-FOXA1 interaction with LPS and LTA receptors demonstrates dysregulation of transcription factors, inflammatory mediators, epithelium tight junction regulators, and cell proliferation and apoptosis signals. The miR-431-FOXA1 axis could in part be responsible for the intensification of the inflammatory response in NEC tissues and contribute to the proinflammatory pathophysiology.-Wu, Y. Z., Chan, K. Y. Y., Leung, K. T., Lam, H. S., Tam, Y. H., Lee, K. H., Li, K., Ng, P. C. Dysregulation of miR-431 and target gene FOXA1 in intestinal tissues of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and
| | - Kathy Yuen Yee Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and
| | - Yuk Him Tam
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kim Hung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and
| | - Pak Cheung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and
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21
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Overexpression of miR-582-5p Inhibits the Apoptosis of Neuronal Cells after Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Through Regulating PAR-1/Rho/Rho Axis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:149-155. [PMID: 30327244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the role of miR-582-5p/proteinase-activated receptors type I (PAR-1)/Rho/Rho in neuronal cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). METHODS In vivo mouse model of CIS induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and in vitro model induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in N2A cells was established. The expressions of miR-582-5p, PAR-1, RhoA, and ROCKII in brain tissues and N2A cells were detected. Neuronal cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that miR-582-5p expression was decreased and the expressions of PAR-1, RhoA, and ROCKII were increased in CIS mice and OGD/R model. Moreover, miR-582-5p negatively regulated PAR-1, and overexpression of miR-582-5p inhibited the activation of Rho/Rho pathway by downregulating PAR-1, thus reducing OGD/R-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that miR-582-5p overexpression could regulate Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway via targeting PAR-1, thereby governing the apoptosis of neuronal cells after CIS.
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Huang X, Ding J, Li Y, Liu W, Ji J, Wang H, Wang X. Exosomes derived from PEDF modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:269-277. [PMID: 30142325 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties. We investigated the involvement of PEDF in I/R, using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from rat. PEDF-overexpressing ADSCs were constructed and exosomes from ADSCs were isolated. SY-5Y cells were employed to identify the protective effects of exosomes in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments. Exosome treatment suppressed OGD-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the two-step caspase dependent (caspase-9 and caspase-3) apoptotic pathway. Increasing the PEDF content of exosomes further promoted the protective effect against OGD-induced apoptosis by activating autophagy, while blocking autophagy reduced the effect of PEDF-containing exosomes. We constructed a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO) model using male Sprague-Dawley rats to identify the role of PEDF in exosome-mediated neuroprotection. These in vivo experiments further confirmed that exosomes from PEDF-modified ADSCs ameliorated cerebral I/R injury by activating autophagy and suppressing neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that PEDF plays a role in exosome-mediated prevention of cerebral I/R injury by modulating apoptotic factors and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The NO. 455 Hospital of PLA, 338 West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jianlin Ji
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Propofol Protects Hippocampal Neurons from Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury by Decreasing Calcineurin-Induced Calcium Overload and Activating YAP Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1725191. [PMID: 30046369 PMCID: PMC6038584 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1725191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Propofol is a popular anesthetic drug that is neuroprotective. However, the mechanisms of propofol for hippocampal neuroprotection remain elusive. This study is aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of propofol in hippocampal neurons exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Hypoxia-reoxygenated (H/R) HT-22 cells were used to mimic I/R injury of the hippocampus in vitro. An MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell apoptosis was detected by a TUNEL assay and a flow cytometry cell apoptosis assay. Expression levels of proteins were measured by Western blotting. Intracellular calcium was assessed by Fura-2/AM staining. Flow cytometry was used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Coimmunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the stability of the FKBP-RyR complex. Calcineurin enzymatic activity was measured with a colorimetric method. YAP nuclear translocation was tested by immunofluorescence staining. Results H/R induced HT-22 cell viability depression, and apoptosis was reversed by propofol treatment. Propofol could alleviate H/R-induced intracellular calcium accumulation and MMP loss by inhibiting calcineurin activity and FKBP12.6-RyR disassociation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, YAP expression was crucial for propofol to protect HT-22 cell apoptosis from H/R injury. Propofol could activate YAP through dephosphorylation. Activated YAP stimulated the transcription of the Bcl2 gene, which promotes cellular survival. Our data also demonstrated that propofol activated YAP through the RhoA-Lats1 pathway without large G proteins or MST involvement. In addition, we showed that there was no interaction between calcineurin signaling and YAP activation in HT-22 cells. Conclusions Propofol protected hippocampal neurons from I/R injury through two independent signaling pathways, including the calcineurin/FKBP12.6-RyR/calcium overload pathway and the RhoA/Lats1/YAP/Bcl-2 pathway.
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The Role of Circular RNAs in Cerebral Ischemic Diseases: Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1087:309-325. [PMID: 30259377 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic diseases including ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury can result in serious dysfunction of the brain, which leads to extremely high mortality and disability. There are no effective therapeutics for cerebral ischemic diseases to date. Circular RNAs are a kind of newly investigated noncoding RNAs. It is reported that circular RNAs are enriched in multiple organs, especially abundant in the brain, which indicates that circular RNAs may be involved in cerebral physiological and pathological processes. In this chapter, we will firstly review the pathophysiology, underlying mechanisms, and current treatments of cerebral ischemic diseases including ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Secondly, the characteristics and function of circular RNAs will be outlined, and then we are going to introduce the roles circular RNAs play in human diseases. Finally, we will summarize the function of circular RNAs in cerebral ischemic diseases.
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