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Zhang S, Yang Y, Lv X, Liu W, Zhu S, Wang Y, Xu H. Unraveling the Intricate Roles of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15677. [PMID: 37958661 PMCID: PMC10650316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as potent intercellular communication tools, have garnered significant attention due to their unique cargo-carrying capabilities, which enable them to influence diverse physiological and pathological functions. Extensive research has illuminated the biogenesis, secretion, and functions of exosomes. These vesicles are secreted by cells in different states, exerting either protective or harmful biological functions. Emerging evidence highlights their role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mediating comprehensive interactions among diverse cell types. This review delves into the significant impacts of exosomes on CVD under stress and disease conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiomyopathies. Focusing on the cellular signaling and mechanisms, we explore how exosomes mediate multifaceted interactions, particularly contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, exosomes show great promise as biomarkers, reflecting differential expressions of NcRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), and as therapeutic carriers for targeted CVD treatment. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing exosomes in CVD remain incomplete, necessitating further exploration of their characteristics and roles in various CVD-related contexts. This comprehensive review aims to provide novel insights into the biological implications of exosomes in CVD and offer innovative perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
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2
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Chen L, Yang J, Xu G, Wu Y. Potential Value and Application of Liquid Biopsy in Tumor, Neurodegeneration, and Muscle Degenerative Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:317-335. [PMID: 37450129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy provides a promising alternative for the detection of disease-specific markers due to its superior noninvasive and original tissue representativeness. Liquid biopsies have a wide range of health and disease applications involving components ranging from circulating cells to acellular nucleic acid molecules and other metabolites. Here, we review the different components of liquid biopsy and investigate the most advanced noninvasive methods for detecting these components as well as their existing problems and trends. In particular, we emphasize the importance of analyzing liquid biopsy data from extracellular vesicles and small nucleic acids in neurological and muscle degeneration, with the aim of using this technique to enhance personalized healthcare. Although previous reviews have focused on cancer, this review mainly emphasizes the potential application of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in liquid biopsy in neurodegeneration and muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Jianghan University Library, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Shan L, Chen J, Sun Y, Pan Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Advances of Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation and Its Recurrence After Ablation in Clinical Application. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:351-365. [PMID: 37450131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia disease with high morbidity in clinical practice and leads to stroke, heart failure, peripheral embolism, and other severe complications. With aging of the society, AF has become one of the biggest public health challenges. Effective treatments including antiarrhythmic drugs, electrical cardioversion, and ablation (with or without catheters) can alleviate the symptoms of AF. Ablation is the most effective method for the treatment of persistent AF, but cannot cure all patients. Recurrence of AF is a realistic and unavoidable problem. For early predicting and warning of AF and its recurrence, liquid biopsy for accurate molecular analysis of biofluids is a new strategy with potential value and easy sampling and can detect genetic and epigenetic polymorphisms, especially microRNAs. In this review, liquid biopsy is constructed as a new powerful way for diagnosing AF and predicting its recurrence, contributing to the treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sheyang County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pauwels MJ, Xie J, Ceroi A, Balusu S, Castelein J, Van Wonterghem E, Van Imschoot G, Ward A, Menheniott TR, Gustafsson O, Combes F, El Andaloussi S, Sanders NN, Mäger I, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Choroid plexus-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit brain targeting characteristics. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121830. [PMID: 36302306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The brain is protected against invading organisms and other unwanted substances by tightly regulated barriers. However, these central nervous system (CNS) barriers impede the delivery of drugs into the brain via the blood circulation and are therefore considered major hurdles in the treatment of neurological disorders. Consequently, there is a high need for efficient delivery systems that are able to cross these strict barriers. While most research focuses on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the design of drug delivery platforms that are able to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, formed by a single layer of choroid plexus epithelial cells, remains a largely unexplored domain. The discovery that extracellular vesicles (EVs) make up a natural mechanism for information transfer between cells and across cell layers, has stimulated interest in their potential use as drug delivery platform. Here, we report that choroid plexus epithelial cell-derived EVs exhibit the capacity to home to the brain after peripheral administration. Moreover, these vesicles are able to functionally deliver cargo into the brain. Our findings underline the therapeutic potential of choroid plexus-derived EVs as a brain drug delivery vehicle via targeting of the blood-CSF interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam Ceroi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Trevelyan R Menheniott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd. Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Flemington Rd. Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francis Combes
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF AS, Sem Sælands V. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imre Mäger
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50 411, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Circulating small extracellular vesicle-encapsulated SEMA5A-IT1 attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:95. [PMID: 36284269 PMCID: PMC9594885 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte injury is a common complication during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Studies have shown that circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are involved in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases via delivering signaling molecules. This study aims to investigate the relationship between circulating sEV-encapsulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cardiac injury after CPB. Here, we found that the expression of sEV SEMA5A-IT1 in serum samples of patients after CPB was higher than that of pre-CPB serum samples. Moreover, serum-derived sEV SEMA5A-IT1 levels were negatively correlated with creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels in patients who underwent CPB operation. Notably, circulating sEVs packaged with SEMA5A-IT1 could be uptaken by cardiomyocyte-like cells AC16 and increased SEMA5A-IT1 expression in AC16 cells. Upregulated SEMA5A-IT1 protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, confirmed by increased cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and inhibited ferroptosis in AC16 cells. Mechanistically, SEMA5A-IT1 regulated the expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) through sponging miR-143-3p. Transfection of miR-143-3p mimics, BCL2, or SLC7A11 knockdown could attenuate the protective effect of SEMA5A-IT1 on cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, we propose that SEMA5A-IT1, which is transported to cardiomyocytes through circulating sEVs, is an important regulatory molecule that protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia–reperfusion injury, providing a target for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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6
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Tian T, Li F, Chen R, Wang Z, Su X, Yang C. Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes Derived From circRNA_0002113 Lacking Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:779524. [PMID: 35127703 PMCID: PMC8807507 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are participated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and can be secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effects of circRNA, delivered by exosomes derived from MSCs, on myocardial injury remain unclear. Hence, this study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from circRNA_0002113 lacking MSCs in the treatment of myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal that exosomes derived from circRNA_0002113 lacking MSCs decreased cell apoptosis in anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) model cells, and reduced myocardial injury by inhibiting nuclear translocation of RUNX1 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, miR-188-3p, which targets RUNX1 in cardiomyocytes was also found to interact with circRNA_0002113. In conclusion, exosomes derived from circRNA_0002113 lacking MSCs could suppress myocardial infarction by sponging miR-188-3p to regulate RUNX1 nuclear translocation. The circRNA_0002113/miR-188-3p/RUNX1 axis mediated alleviation of apoptosis serves as a novel strategy to treat myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- Hainan Yiling Medical Industry Development Company Ltd., Qionghai, China
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Hainan Yiling Medical Industry Development Company Ltd., Qionghai, China
| | - Ruihua Chen
- Hainan Yiling Medical Industry Development Company Ltd., Qionghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Hainan Yiling Medical Industry Development Company Ltd., Qionghai, China
| | - Xueming Su
- Hainan Yiling Medical Industry Development Company Ltd., Qionghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yang, ; Xueming Su,
| | - Chao Yang
- Hainan Yiling Medical Industry Development Company Ltd., Qionghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yang, ; Xueming Su,
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7
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Gupta S, Mazumder P. Exosomes as diagnostic tools. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 110:117-144. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Yuan Z, Huang W. New Developments in Exosomal lncRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709169. [PMID: 34307511 PMCID: PMC8295603 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with lengths >200 nt and are involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Exosomes are secreted and produced by various cell types. Exosome contents include various ncRNAs, proteins and lipids. Exosomes are also important mediators of intercellular communication. The proportion of lncRNAs in exosomes is low, but increasing evidence suggests that exosomal lncRNAs play important roles in CVDs. We focused on research progress in exosomal lncRNAs in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac angiogenesis, cardiac aging, rheumatic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease combined with CVD. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomal lncRNAs in CVDs are summarized based on preclinical studies involving animal and cell models and circulating exosomes in clinical patients. Finally, the challenges and possible prospects of exosomes and exosomal lncRNAs in clinical applications related to CVD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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9
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Li C, Deng C, Zhou T, Hu J, Dai B, Yi F, Tian N, Jiang L, Dong X, Zhu Q, Zhang S, Cui H, Cao L, Shang Y. MicroRNA-370 carried by M2 macrophage-derived exosomes alleviates asthma progression through inhibiting the FGF1/MAPK/STAT1 axis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1795-1807. [PMID: 33994863 PMCID: PMC8120458 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested the functions of exosomes in allergic diseases including asthma. By using a mouse model with asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA), we explored the roles of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2Φ-Exos) in asthma progression. M2Φ-Exos significantly alleviated OVA-induced fibrosis and inflammatory responses in mouse lung tissues, as well as inhibited abnormal proliferation, invasion, and fibrosis-related protein production in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) treated primary mouse airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The OVA administration in mice or the PDGF-BB treatment in ASMCs reduced the expression of miR-370, which was detected in M2Φ-Exos by miRNA sequencing. However, treating the mice or ASMCs with M2Φ-Exos reversed the inhibitory effect of OVA or PDGF-BB on miR-370 expression. We identified that the target of miR-370 was fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). Downregulation of miR-370 by Lv-miR-370 inhibitor or overexpression of FGF1 by Lv-FGF1 blocked the protective roles of M2Φ-Exos in asthma-like mouse and cell models. M2Φ-Exos were found to inactivate the MAPK signaling pathway, which was recovered by miR-370 inhibition or FGF1 overexpression. Collectively, we conclude that M2Φ-Exos carry miR-370 to alleviate asthma progression through downregulating FGF1 expression and the MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway. Our study may offer a novel insight into asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Na Tian
- Jilin Tuohua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin 13000, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Jilin Tuohua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin 13000, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics for Heart Repair. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030570. [PMID: 33668836 PMCID: PMC7996323 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are constituted by a group of heterogeneous membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types that play a crucial role in cell–cell communication. In recent years, EVs have been postulated as a relevant novel therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), partially outperforming cell therapy. EVs may present several desirable features, such as no tumorigenicity, low immunogenic potential, high stability, and fine cardiac reparative efficacy. Furthermore, the natural origin of EVs makes them exceptional vehicles for drug delivery. EVs may overcome many of the limitations associated with current drug delivery systems (DDS), as they can travel long distances in body fluids, cross biological barriers, and deliver their cargo to recipient cells, among others. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent discoveries regarding the therapeutic potential of EVs for addressing cardiac damage after MI. In addition, we review the use of bioengineered EVs for targeted cardiac delivery and present some recent advances for exploiting EVs as DDS. Finally, we also discuss some of the most crucial aspects that should be addressed before a widespread translation to the clinical arena.
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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Cell Communications in Hypertension: Mechanism Insights and Therapeutic Potential of ncRNAs. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 36:157-172. [PMID: 32964302 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, a chronic and progressive disease, is an outstanding public health issue that affects nearly 40% of the adults worldwide. The increasing prevalence of hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite of the available treatment medications, an increasing number of hypertensive individuals continues to have uncontrolled blood pressure. In the vasculature, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and adventitial fibroblasts play a fundamental role in vascular homeostasis. The aberrant interactions between vascular cells might lead to hypertension and vascular remodeling. Identification of the precise mechanisms of vascular remodeling may be highly required to develop effective therapeutic approaches for hypertension. Recently, extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of proteins or noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) between vascular cells holds promise for the treatment of hypertension. Especially, extracellular vesicle-packaging ncRNAs have gained enormous attention of basic and clinical scientists because of their tremendous potential to act as novel clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets of hypertension. Here we will discuss the current findings focusing on the emerging roles of extracellular vesicle-carrying ncRNAs in the pathologies of hypertension and its associated vascular remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles and ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hypertension. The future research directions on the challenges and perspectives of extracellular vesicles and ncRNAs in hypertensive vascular remodeling are also proposed.
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12
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Li C, Dai B, Hu J, Shang Y. WITHDRAWN: M2 macrophage-derived exosomes carry microRNA-370 to alleviate asthma progression through inhibiting the FGF1/MAPK/STAT1 axis. Exp Cell Res 2020:112285. [PMID: 32941809 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
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13
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Long noncoding RNA UCA1 from hypoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived exosomes: a novel molecular target for cardioprotection through miR-873-5p/XIAP axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:696. [PMID: 32826854 PMCID: PMC7442657 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (Exo) secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are protective against myocardial injury. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role and mechanisms by which exosomes promote cardiomyocyte survival and function following myocardial infarction (MI). hMSCs were cultured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Hypoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived exosomes (Hypo-Exo) and normoxic-conditioned hMSC-derived exosomes (Nor-Exo) were collected and intramyocardially injected into rats with MI. The therapeutic effects of Hypo-Exo and Nor-Exo were evaluated after 4 weeks. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of candidate long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (lncRNA-UCA1) in Nor-Exo and Hypo-Exo. Intramyocardial injection of lncRNA-UCA1-knockdown-Hypo-Exo in a rat model of MI was then performed and the cardiac function was characterized. The target and downstream of the molecular mechanism lncRNA-UCA1 was disclosed by luciferase reporter assays and western blot. Circulating exosomal lncRNA-UCA1 level in AMI patients and healthy volunteers was assessed. We found that (1) hMSC exosomal (from hypoxic and normoxic conditions) cardioprotection in vitro and in vivo correlated with the presence of encapsulated lncRNA-UCA1 in exosomes; (2) lncRNA-UCA1 targeted miR-873 via sponging, reducing the latter’s suppressive effects on its target XIAP, and this translated into AMPK phosphorylation and increased level of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2; and (3) plasma derived from patients with AMI contained exosomes enriched with the lncRNA-UCA1, unlike that from normal subjects. This study demonstrates that Hypo-Exo lncRNA-UCA1 plays a cardioprotective role via the miR-873-5p/XIAP axis and circulating exosomal lncRNA-UCA1 may be a promising novel biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI.
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Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:144. [PMID: 32747657 PMCID: PMC7400738 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and molecular analysis of the biofluids of circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids, and so forth. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes between 30–150 nm. They are secreted by multivesicular bodies through exocytosis in live cells and can participate in intercellular communication due to their contents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Herein, we investigate publication frequencies on exosomes over the past 10 years, and review recent clinical studies on liquid biopsy of exosomes in the fields of oncology, pregnancy disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and organ transplantation. We also describe the advantages of exosomes as an effective liquid biopsy tool and the progression of exosome extraction methods. Finally, we depict the commercial development of exosome research and discuss the future role of exosomes in liquid biopsy.
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15
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Jia G, Sowers JR. Targeting endothelial exosomes for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165833. [PMID: 32380265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-enclosed 30-140 nm diameter vesicles formed from endosomes. Exosomes are secreted by various cell types including endothelial cells, immune cells and other cardiovascular tissues, and they can be detected in plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, as well as tissues. Exosomes were initially regarded as a disposal mechanism to discard unwanted materials from cells. Recent studies suggest that exosomes play an important role in mediating of intercellular communication through the delivery and transport of cellular components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and thus regulate cardiovascular disease. Further, the underlying mechanisms by which abnormally released exosomes promote cardiovascular disease are not well understood. This review highlights recent studies involving endothelial exosomes, gives a brief overview of exosome biogenesis and release, isolation and identification of exosomes, and provides a contemporary understanding of the endothelial exosome pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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16
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The Role of Proteostasis in the Regulation of Cardiac Intercellular Communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:279-302. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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de Jong OG, Murphy DE, Mäger I, Willms E, Garcia-Guerra A, Gitz-Francois JJ, Lefferts J, Gupta D, Steenbeek SC, van Rheenen J, El Andaloussi S, Schiffelers RM, Wood MJA, Vader P. A CRISPR-Cas9-based reporter system for single-cell detection of extracellular vesicle-mediated functional transfer of RNA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1113. [PMID: 32111843 PMCID: PMC7048928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) form an endogenous transport system for intercellular transfer of biological cargo, including RNA, that plays a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes. Unfortunately, whereas biological effects of EV-mediated RNA transfer are abundantly studied, regulatory pathways and mechanisms remain poorly defined due to a lack of suitable readout systems. Here, we describe a highly-sensitive CRISPR-Cas9-based reporter system that allows direct functional study of EV-mediated transfer of small non-coding RNA molecules at single-cell resolution. Using this CRISPR operated stoplight system for functional intercellular RNA exchange (CROSS-FIRE) we uncover various genes involved in EV subtype biogenesis that play a regulatory role in RNA transfer. Moreover we identify multiple genes involved in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking that strongly regulate EV-mediated functional RNA delivery. Altogether, this approach allows the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms in EV-mediated RNA transfer at the level of EV biogenesis, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and RNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier G de Jong
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E Murphy
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jerney J Gitz-Francois
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet Lefferts
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sander C Steenbeek
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Vader
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Yu H, Wang Z. Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosomes: Biological Functions and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31481897 PMCID: PMC6710398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles released by almost all cell types, have been recognized to play important roles in mediating cell-cell communication. In recent years, the physiological and pathological effects of exosomes on cardiovascular disease have been extensively studied. Exosomes can transfer proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and other bioactive molecules to recipient cells to influence their biological properties. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the functional roles of cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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19
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Skalnikova HK, Bohuslavova B, Turnovcova K, Juhasova J, Juhas S, Rodinova M, Vodicka P. Isolation and Characterization of Small Extracellular Vesicles from Porcine Blood Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Seminal Plasma. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020017. [PMID: 31027284 PMCID: PMC6630935 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a highly attractive subject of biomedical research as possible carriers of nucleic acid and protein biomarkers. EVs released to body fluids enable indirect access to inner organs by so-called "liquid biopsies". Obtaining a high-quality EV sample with minimum contaminants is crucial for proteomic analyses using LC-MS/MS or other techniques. However, the EV content in various body fluids largely differs, which may hamper subsequent analyses. Here, we present a comparison of extracellular vesicle yields from blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and seminal plasma using an experimental pig model. Pigs are widely used in biomedical research as large animal models with anatomy and physiology close to those of humans and enable studies (e.g., of the nervous system) that are unfeasible in humans. EVs were isolated from body fluids by differential centrifugation followed by ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized according to protein yields and to the quality of the isolated vesicles (e.g., size distribution, morphology, positivity for exosome markers). In our experimental setting, substantial differences in EV amounts were identified among body fluids, with the seminal plasma being the richest EV source. The yields of pellet proteins from ultracentrifugation of 1 mL of porcine body fluids may help to estimate body fluid input volumes to obtain sufficient samples for subsequent proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Bozena Bohuslavova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Rodinova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 12109 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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