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Quagliariello V, Canale ML, Bisceglia I, Maurea C, Gabrielli D, Tarantini L, Paccone A, Inno A, Oliva S, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Zito C, Caraglia M, Berretta M, D’Aiuto G, Maurea N. Addressing Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in Cancer Patients, from Visceral Obesity and Myosteatosis to Systemic Inflammation: Implications in Cardio-Onco-Metabolism. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1650. [PMID: 39200115 PMCID: PMC11351439 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The emerging field of cardio-oncology described several shared risk factors that predispose patients to both cardiovascular disease and cancer. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is a chronic condition that occurs in many patients who have experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection, mainly based on chronic fatigue, sedentary lifestyle, cramps, breathing difficulties, and reduced lung performance. Post-acute COVID-19 exposes patients to increased visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, myosteatosis, and white adipose tissue content (surrounded by M1 macrophages and characterized by a Th1/Th17 phenotype), which increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and cancer recurrence. In this review, the main metabolic affections of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in cancer patients at low and high risk of cardiomyopathies will be summarized. Furthermore, several non-pharmacological strategies aimed at reducing atherosclerotic and cardiac risk will be provided, especially through anti-inflammatory nutrition with a low insulin and glycemic index, appropriate physical activity, and immune-modulating bioactivities able to reduce visceral obesity and myosteatosis, improving insulin-related signaling and myocardial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy (N.M.)
| | | | - Irma Bisceglia
- Servizi Cardiologici Integrati, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Roma, Italy;
| | - Carlo Maurea
- Neurology Department, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Roma, Italy;
| | - Luigi Tarantini
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio-Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy (N.M.)
| | - Alessandro Inno
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy;
| | - Stefano Oliva
- UOSD Cardiologia di Interesse Oncologico IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | | | - Concetta Zito
- Cardiology Division, University Hospital Polyclinic G. Martino, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy (N.M.)
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Goetzman ES, Zhang BB, Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Bons J, Rose J, Shah S, Solo KJ, Schmidt AV, Richert AC, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Rao KS, Shiva SS, Pfister KE, Silva Barbosa A, Sims-Lucas S, Dobrowolski SF, Schilling B. Dietary dicarboxylic acids provide a non-storable alternative fat source that protects mice against obesity. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174186. [PMID: 38687608 PMCID: PMC11178532 DOI: 10.1172/jci174186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxylic fatty acids are generated in the liver and kidney in a minor pathway called fatty acid ω-oxidation. The effects of consuming dicarboxylic fatty acids as an alternative source of dietary fat have not been explored. Here, we fed dodecanedioic acid, a 12-carbon dicarboxylic (DC12), to mice at 20% of daily caloric intake for nine weeks. DC12 increased metabolic rate, reduced body fat, reduced liver fat, and improved glucose tolerance. We observed DC12-specific breakdown products in liver, kidney, muscle, heart, and brain, indicating that oral DC12 escaped first-pass liver metabolism and was utilized by many tissues. In tissues expressing the "a" isoform of acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1), a key peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzyme, DC12 was chain shortened to the TCA cycle intermediate succinyl-CoA. In tissues with low peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacity, DC12 was oxidized by mitochondria. In vitro, DC12 was catabolized even by adipose tissue and was not stored intracellularly. We conclude that DC12 and other dicarboxylic acids may be useful for combatting obesity and for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bob B. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sivakama S. Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Samah Shah
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Keaton J. Solo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandra V. Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C. Richert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven J. Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy L. Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krithika S. Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute and
| | - Sruti S. Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute and
| | - Katherine E. Pfister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Silva Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven F. Dobrowolski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
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Bachiocco V, Cappa M, Petroni A, Salsano E, Bizzarri C, Ceccarelli I, Cevenini G, Pensato V, Aloisi AM. Pain Study in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy in Males and Females. Pain Ther 2021; 10:505-523. [PMID: 33609269 PMCID: PMC8119579 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a metabolic disorder in which very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are accumulated in the nervous system and adrenal cortex, impairing their functions. Three main variants are described in males: adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), a cerebral form (cALD or cAMN) and Addison's disease only (AD), while for females no classification is used. To evaluate pain and the functional state of afferent fibers, a series of tests was carried out in male and female patients. METHODS Chronic pain occurrence and sensory phenotype profile were assessed in 30 patients (20 male: 10 AMN, 1 cAMN, 1 cALD, 8 AD; and 10 female). A set of instruments assessed the intensity, quality and extent of pain, while a battery of quantitative sensory testing (QST) procedures examined the functional status of Aβ and Aδ fibers. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering with sensory responses input were used to identify distinct clusters. RESULTS Nearly half of the subjects reported pain, with a high prevalence in females and male AMN patients. No sex differences in pain dimensions were found. The sensory responses were heterogeneous, differing among the clinical variants and between genders. Male AMN/cAMN/cALD patients showed the worst impairment. Aβ and Aδ fibers were affected in males and females, but Aβ fibers appeared undamaged in females when tactile sensitivity was tested. Abnormal responses were localized in the lower body district, according to the dying-back pattern of the neuropathy. Cluster analysis showed discrete clusters for each function examined, with well-interpretable sensory and clinical phenotypes. CONCLUSION The study of pain and of the sensory profile appears to indicate a difference in the mechanisms underlying the AMN/cAMN/cALD and AD clinical forms and in the treatment of the respective generated pain types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bachiocco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Petroni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Biomedicine and Nutrition Research Network, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Salsano
- IRCCS C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cevenini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- IRCCS C. Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Aloisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Biomedicine and Nutrition Research Network, Milan, Italy.
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