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Hamang M, Yaden B, Dai G. Gastrointestinal pharmacology activins in liver health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115668. [PMID: 37364623 PMCID: PMC11234865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Activins are a subgroup of the TGFβ superfamily of growth and differentiation factors, dimeric in nature and consisting of two inhibin beta subunits linked via a disulfide bridge. Canonical activin signaling occurs through Smad2/3, with negative feedback initiated by Smad6/7 following signal transduction, which binds activin type I receptor preventing phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and activation of downstream signaling. In addition to Smad6/7, other inhibitors of activin signaling have been identified as well, including inhibins (dimers of an inhibin alpha and beta subunit), BAMBI, Cripto, follistatin, and follistatin-like 3 (fstl3). To date, activins A, B, AB, C, and E have been identified and isolated in mammals, with activin A and B having the most characterization of biological activity. Activin A has been implicated as a regulator of several important functions of liver biology, including hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, ECM production, and liver regeneration; the role of other subunits of activin in liver physiology are less understood. There is mounting data to suggest a link between dysregulation of activins contributing to various hepatic diseases such as inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and emerging studies demonstrating the protective and regenerative effects of inhibiting activins in mouse models of liver disease. Due to their importance in liver biology, activins demonstrate utility as a therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic diseases such as cirrhosis, NASH, NAFLD, and HCC; further research regarding activins may provide diagnostic or therapeutic opportunity for those suffering from various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hamang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Benjamin Yaden
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Circadian rhythms of mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:367-377. [PMID: 32452917 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The circadian rhythms have a systemic impact on all aspects of physiology. Kidney diseases are associated with extremely high-cardiovascular mortality, related to chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), involving bone, parathyroids and vascular calcification. Disruption of circadian rhythms may cause serious health problems, contributing to development of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, organ fibrosis, osteopenia and aging. Evidence of disturbed circadian rhythms in CKD-MBD parameters and organs involved is emerging and will be discussed in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Kidney injury induces unstable behavioral circadian rhythm. Potentially, uremic toxins may affect the master-pacemaker of circadian rhythm in hypothalamus. In CKD disturbances in the circadian rhythms of CKD-MBD plasma-parameters, activin A, fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, phosphate have been demonstrated. A molecular circadian clock is also expressed in peripheral tissues, involved in CKD-MBD; vasculature, parathyroids and bone. Expression of the core circadian clock genes in the different tissues is disrupted in CKD-MBD. SUMMARY Disturbed circadian rhythms is a novel feature of CKD-MBD. There is a need to establish which specific input determines the phase of the local molecular clock and to characterize its regulation and deregulation in tissues involved in CKD-MBD. Finally, it is important to establish what are the implications for treatment including the potential applications for chronotherapy.
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Nam B, Park H, Lee YL, Oh Y, Park J, Kim SY, Weon S, Choi SH, Yang JH, Jo S, Kim TH. TGFβ1 Suppressed Matrix Mineralization of Osteoblasts Differentiation by Regulating SMURF1-C/EBPβ-DKK1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249771. [PMID: 33371439 PMCID: PMC7767413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a major mediator in the modulation of osteoblast differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we show that TGFβ1 has a dual stage-dependent role in osteoblast differentiation; TGFβ1 induced matrix maturation but inhibited matrix mineralization. We discovered the underlying mechanism of the TGFβ1 inhibitory role in mineralization using human osteoprogenitors. In particular, the matrix mineralization-related genes of osteoblasts such as osteocalcin (OCN), Dickkopf 1 (DKK1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) were dramatically suppressed by TGFβ1 treatment. The suppressive effects of TGFβ1 were reversed with anti-TGFβ1 treatment. Mechanically, TGFβ1 decreased protein levels of C/EBPβ without changing mRNA levels and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of DKK1. The degradation of the C/EBPβ protein by TGFβ1 was dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. TGFβ1 degraded the C/EBPβ protein by inducing the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) at the transcript level, thereby reducing the C/EBPβ-DKK1 regulatory mechanism. Collectively, our findings suggest that TGFβ1 suppressed the matrix mineralization of osteoblast differentiation by regulating the SMURF1-C/EBPβ-DKK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Nam
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyosun Park
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Lim Lee
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Younseo Oh
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinsung Park
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Subin Weon
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (T.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-9248 (S.J.); +82-2-2290-9245 (T.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-2298-8231 (S.J. & T.-H.K.)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Institute for Rheumatology Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (B.N.); (H.P.); (Y.L.L.); (Y.O.); (J.P.); (S.Y.K.); (S.W.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (T.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-9248 (S.J.); +82-2-2290-9245 (T.-H.K.); Fax: +82-2-2298-8231 (S.J. & T.-H.K.)
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Baroncelli M, Drabek K, Eijken M, van der Eerden BCJ, van de Peppel J, van Leeuwen JPTM. Two-day-treatment of Activin-A leads to transient change in SV-HFO osteoblast gene expression and reduction in matrix mineralization. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4865-4877. [PMID: 31667867 PMCID: PMC7028110 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activins regulate bone formation by controlling osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We investigated Activin‐A mechanism of action on human osteoblast mineralization, RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. A single 2‐day treatment of Activin‐A at Day 5 of osteoblast differentiation significantly reduced matrix mineralization. Activin A‐treated osteoblasts responded with transient change in gene expression, in a 2‐wave‐fashion. The 38 genes differentially regulated during the first wave (within 8 hr after Activin A start) were involved in transcription regulation. In the second wave (1–2 days after Activin A start), 65 genes were differentially regulated and related to extracellular matrix. Differentially expressed genes in both waves were associated to transforming growth factor beta signaling. We identified which microRNAs modulating osteoblast differentiation were regulated by Activin‐A. In summary, 2‐day treatment with Activin‐A in premineralization period of osteoblast cultures influenced miRNAs, gene transcription, and reduced matrix mineralization. Modulation of Activin A signaling might be useful to control bone quality for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baroncelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ksenija Drabek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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