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Atia GA, Rashed F, Taher ES, Cho SG, Dayem AA, Soliman MM, Shalaby HK, Mohammed NA, Taymour N, El-Sherbiny M, Ebrahim E, Ramadan MM, Abdelkader A, Abdo M, Aldarmahi AA, Atwa AM, Bafail DA, Abdeen A. Challenges of therapeutic applications and regenerative capacities of urine based stem cells in oral, and maxillofacial reconstruction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117005. [PMID: 38945084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have gained the attention of researchers in the biomedical field in the past few years . Regarding the several varieties of cells that have been used for this purpose, USCs have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cell-like properties, such as differentiation and immunomodulation. Furthermore, they could be differentiated into several lineages. This is very interesting for regenerative techniques based on cell therapy. This review will embark on describing their separation, and profiling. We will specifically describe the USCs characteristics, in addition to their differentiation potential. Then, we will introduce and explore the primary uses of USCs. These involve thier utilization as a platform to produce stem cells, however, we shall concentrate on the utilization of USCs for therapeutic, and regenerative orofacial applications, providing an in-depth evaluation of this purpose. The final portion will address the limitations and challenges of their implementation in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Fatema Rashed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ehab S Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Magdalen M Soliman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Badr University, Egypt
| | - Hany K Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt
| | - Nourelhuda A Mohammed
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Elturabi Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Aldarmahi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21582, Saudi Arabia; National Guard, Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah 21582, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Duaa A Bafail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 11829, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
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Sun Y, Zhao H, Yang S, Wang G, Zhu L, Sun C, An Y. Urine-derived stem cells: Promising advancements and applications in regenerative medicine and beyond. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27306. [PMID: 38509987 PMCID: PMC10951541 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, stem cells are a prominent focus of regenerative engineering research. However, due to the limitations of commonly used stem cell sources, their application in therapy is often restricted to the experimental stage and constrained by ethical considerations. In contrast, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) offer promising advantages for clinical trials and applications. The noninvasive nature of the collection process allows for repeated retrieval within a short period, making it a more feasible option. Moreover, studies have shown that USCs have a protective effect on organs, promoting vascular regeneration, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation in various acute and chronic organ dysfunctions. The application of USCs has also been enhanced by advancements in biomaterials technology, enabling better targeting and controlled release capabilities. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on USCs, providing insights for future applications in basic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuguang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Guangjie Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Leijie Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Youzhong An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
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Huang Y, Liao J, Vlashi R, Chen G. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK): its structure, characteristics, and signaling in skeletal system. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110852. [PMID: 37586468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and distributes important regulatory functions in skeletal system. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) possesses significant migration and differentiation capacity, is an important source of distinctive bone cells production and a prominent bone development pathway. MSC has a wide range of applications in tissue bioengineering and regenerative medicine, and is frequently employed for hematopoietic support, immunological regulation, and defect repair, although current research is insufficient. FAK has been identified to cross-link with many other keys signaling pathways in bone biology and is considered as a fundamental "crossroad" on the signal transduction pathway and a "node" in the signal network to mediate MSC lineage development in skeletal system. In this review, we summarized the structure, characteristics, cellular signaling, and the interactions of FAK with other signaling pathways in the skeletal system. The discovery of FAK and its mediated molecules will lead to a new knowledge of bone development and bone construction as well as considerable potential for therapeutic use in the treatment of bone-related disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Huang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junguang Liao
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Combining Electrostimulation with Impedance Sensing to Promote and Track Osteogenesis within a Titanium Implant. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030697. [PMID: 36979676 PMCID: PMC10045247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Electrical stimulation is a promising alternative to promote bone fracture healing but with the limitation of tracking the osteogenesis progress in vivo. To overcome this issue, we present an opportunity to combine the electrical stimulation of a commercial titanium implant, which promotes osteogenesis within the fracture, with a real-time readout of the osteogenic progress by impedance sensing. This makes it possible to adjust the electrical stimulation modalities to the individual patient’s fracture healing process. (2) Methods: In detail, osteogenic differentiation of several cell types was monitored under continuous or pulsatile electrical stimulation at 0.7 V AC/20 Hz for at least seven days on a titanium implant by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). For control, chemical induction of osteogenic differentiation was induced. (3) Results: The most significant challenge was to discriminate impedance changes caused by proliferation events from those initiated by osteogenic differentiation. This discrimination was achieved by remodeling the impedance parameter Alpha (α), which increases over time for pulsatile electrically stimulated stem cells. Boosted α-values were accompanied by an increased formation of actin stress fibers and a reduced expression of the focal adhesion kinase in the cell periphery; morphological alterations known to occur during osteogenesis. (4) Conclusions: This work provided the basis for developing an effective fracture therapy device, which can induce osteogenesis on the one hand, and would allow us to monitor the induction process on the other hand.
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Yu L, Gao T, Li W, Yang J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, He P, Li X, Guo W, Fan Z, Dai H. Carboxymethyl chitosan-alginate enhances bone repair effects of magnesium phosphate bone cement by activating the FAK-Wnt pathway. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:598-609. [PMID: 35846837 PMCID: PMC9256840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuing need for artificial bone substitutes for bone repair and reconstruction, Magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) has exceptional degradable properties and exhibits promising biocompatibility. However, its mechanical strength needs improved and its low osteo-inductive potential limits its therapeutic application in bone regeneration. We functionally modified MPC by using a polymeric carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate (CMCS/SA) gel network. This had the advantages of: improved compressive strength, ease of handling, and an optimized interface for bioactive bone in-growth. The new composites with 2% CMCS/SA showed the most favorable physicochemical properties, including mechanical strength, wash-out resistance, setting time, injectable time and heat release. Biologically, the composite promoted the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells. It was also found to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro, as verified by expression of osteogenic markers. In terms of molecular mechanisms, data showed that new bone cement activated the Wnt pathway through inhibition of the phosphorylation of β-catenin, which is dependent on focal adhesion kinase. Through micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, we found that the MPC-CMCS/SA scaffolds, compared with MPC alone, showed increased bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model. Overall, our study suggested that the novel composite had potential to help repair critical bone defects in clinical practice. CMCS/SA improves the mechanical strength of MPC while minimizing tissue damage. The MPC-CMCS/SA composite is easily manipulable for clinical application. MPC-CMCS/SA has good biocompatibility, and is easier for cell adhesion and proliferation. The MPC-CMCS/SA composite enhances osteogenic differentiation in vitro through the integrin-FAK-Wnt axis. The MPC-CMCS/SA composite enhances critical bone defect repair in vivo.
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Yu X, Liu P, Li Z, Zhang Z. Function and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in the healing of diabetic foot wounds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1099310. [PMID: 37008908 PMCID: PMC10061144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1099310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become a global public health problem. Diabetic foot is one of the most severe complications of diabetes, which often places a heavy economic burden on patients and seriously affects their quality of life. The current conventional treatment for the diabetic foot can only relieve the symptoms or delay the progression of the disease but cannot repair damaged blood vessels and nerves. An increasing number of studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote angiogenesis and re-epithelialization, participate in immune regulation, reduce inflammation, and finally repair diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), rendering it an effective means of treating diabetic foot disease. Currently, stem cells used in the treatment of diabetic foot are divided into two categories: autologous and allogeneic. They are mainly derived from the bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and placenta. MSCs from different sources have similar characteristics and subtle differences. Mastering their features to better select and use MSCs is the premise of improving the therapeutic effect of DFU. This article reviews the types and characteristics of MSCs and their molecular mechanisms and functions in treating DFU to provide innovative ideas for using MSCs to treat diabetic foot and promote wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yu
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengdong Zhang,
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Wang G, Luo J, Qiao Y, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang W, Liu X, Jiang X. AMPK/mTOR Pathway Is Involved in Autophagy Induced by Magnesium-Incorporated TiO 2 Surface to Promote BMSC Osteogenic Differentiation. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040221. [PMID: 36412862 PMCID: PMC9680369 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium has been extensively utilized to modify titanium implant surfaces based on its important function in promoting osteogenic differentiation. Autophagy has been proven to play a vital role in bone metabolism. Whether there is an association between autophagy and magnesium in promoting osteogenic differentiation remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on investigating the role of magnesium ions in early osteogenic activity and the underlying mechanism related to autophagy. Different concentrations of magnesium were embedded in micro-structured titanium surface layers using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The incorporation of magnesium benefited cell adhesion, spreading, and viability; attenuated intracellular ATP concentrations and p-mTOR levels; and upregulated p-AMPK levels. This indicates the vital role of the ATP-related AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in the autophagy process associated with osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by magnesium modification on titanium surfaces. The enhanced osteogenic differentiation and improved cellular autophagy activity of BMSCs in their extraction medium further confirmed the function of magnesium ions. The results of the present study advance our understanding of the mechanism by which magnesium regulates BMSC osteogenic differentiation through autophagy regulation. Moreover, endowing implants with the ability to activate autophagy may be a promising strategy for enhancing osseointegration in the translational medicine field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuqin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (X.J.)
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (X.J.)
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Gunn SA, Kreps LM, Zhao H, Landon K, Ilacqua JS, Addison CL. Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors Prevent Osteoblast Mineralization in Part Due to Suppression of Akt-mediated stabilization of Osterix. J Bone Oncol 2022; 34:100432. [PMID: 35620245 PMCID: PMC9126966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological blockade of FAK results in reduced ALP expression and mineralization by differentiated osteoblasts. Although FAK inhibition resulted in increased levels of BMP2, Wnt3a and Mdm2, and decreased p53, alteration of these pathways was unable to restore mineralization in the presence of FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitors. FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitors resulted in decreased levels of phospho-S473 Akt which led to increased levels of active GSK3β which in turn inhibited Runx2 activity that could contribute to the observed reduced ALP levels. FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitors blocked Akt-mediated stabilization of osterix leading to decreased overall levels of osterix and impaired mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells differentiated into osteoblasts.
Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is an important regulator of tumor cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. As such it has become a therapeutic target of interest in cancer. Previous studies suggested that use of FAK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) blocks osteolysis in in vivo models of bone metastasis. However, from these studies it was not clear whether FAK TKIs blocked bone degradation by osteoclasts or also promoted bone formation by osteoblasts. In this study we evaluated whether use of the FAK TKI PF-562,271 affected the differentiation of pre-osteoblasts, or activity of mature differentiated osteoblasts. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells were treated with various doses of PF-562,271 following 3 or 10 days of differentiation which led to the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and reduced viable cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner. MC3T3-E1 cells which had been differentiated for 21 days prior to treatment with PF-562,271 showed a dose dependent decrease in mineralization as assessed by Alizarin Red staining, with concomitant decreased expression of ALP which is known to facilitate the bone mineralization activity of osteoblasts, however mRNA levels of the transcription factors RUNX2 and osterix which are important for osteoblast maturation and mineralization appeared unaffected at this time point. We speculated that this may be due to altered function of RUNX2 protein due to inhibitory phosphorylation by GSK3β. We found treatment with PF-562,271 resulted in increased GSK3β activity as measured by reduced levels of phospho-Ser9-GSK3β which would result in phosphorylation and inhibition of RUNX2. Treatment of 21 day differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells with PF-562,271 in combination with GSK3β inhibitors partially restored mineralization however this was not statistically significant. As we observed that FAK TKI also resulted in suppression of Akt, which is known to alter osterix protein stability downstream of RUNX2, we examined protein levels by western blot and found a dose-dependent decrease in osterix in FAK TKI treated differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells which is likely responsible for the reduced mineralization observed. Taken together our results suggest that use of FAK TKIs as therapeutics in the bone metastatic setting may block new bone formation as an off-target effect and thereby exacerbate the defective bone regulation that is characteristic of the bone metastatic environment.
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Huang YZ, He T, Cui J, Jiang YL, Zeng JF, Zhang WQ, Xie HQ. Urine-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Basic Biology, Applications, and Challenges. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:978-994. [PMID: 35049395 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine based on stem cell research has the potential to provide advanced health care for human beings. Recent studies demonstrate that stem cells in human urine can serve as an excellent source of graft cells for regenerative therapy, mainly due to simple, low-cost, and noninvasive cell isolation. These cells, termed human urine-derived stem cells (USCs), are highly expandable and can differentiate into various cell lineages. They share many biological properties with mesenchymal stem cells, such as potent paracrine effects and immunomodulation ability. The advantage of USCs has motivated researchers to explore their applications in regenerative medicine, including genitourinary regeneration, musculoskeletal repair, skin wound healing, and disease treatment. Although USCs have showed many positive outcomes in preclinical studies, and although the possible applications of USCs for animal therapy have been reported, many issues need to be addressed before clinical translation. This article provides a comprehensive review of USC biology and recent advances in their application for tissue regeneration. Challenges in the clinical translation of USC-based therapy are also discussed. Impact statement Recently, stem cells isolated from urine, referred to as urine-derived stem cells (USCs), have gained much interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Many advantages of human USCs have been found for cell-based therapy: (i) the cell isolation procedure is simple and low cost; (ii) they have remarkable proliferation ability, multidifferentiation potential, and paracrine effects; and (iii) they facilitate tissue regeneration in many animal models. With the hope to facilitate the development of USC-based therapy, we describe the current understanding of USC biology, summarize recent advances in their applications, and discuss future challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zeng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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10
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Zhang W, Hu J, Huang Y, Wu C, Xie H. Urine-derived stem cells: applications in skin, bone and articular cartilage repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab039. [PMID: 34859109 PMCID: PMC8633594 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging type of adult stem cell featuring non-invasive acquisition, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have shown great potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. With a growing amount of research on the topic, the effectiveness of USCs in various disease models has been shown and the underlying mechanisms have also been explored, though many aspects still remain unclear. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the biological characteristics of USCs and their applications in skin, bone and articular cartilage repair. In addition to the identification procedure of USCs, we also summarize current knowledge of the underlying repair mechanisms and application modes of USCs. Potential concerns and perspectives have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jungen Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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11
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Yu W, Chen K, Ye G, Wang S, Wang P, Li J, Zheng G, Liu W, Lin J, Su Z, Che Y, Ye F, Ma M, Xie Z, Shen H. SNP-adjacent super enhancer network mediates enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in ankylosing spondylitis. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:277-293. [PMID: 33355648 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic disease with pathological osteogenesis that causes bony ankylosis and even deformity over time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are the main source of osteoblasts. We previously demonstrated that enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from AS patients (ASMSCs) is related to pathological osteogenesis in AS. However, the more concrete mechanism needs further exploration. Super enhancers (SEs) are dense clusters of stitched enhancers that control cell identity determination and disease development. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate the formation and interaction of SEs and denote genes accounting for AS susceptibility. Via integrative analysis of multiomic data, including histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), SNPs and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we discovered a transcription network mediated by AS SNP-adjacent SEs (SASEs) in ASMSCs and identified key genes, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), transportin 1 (TNPO1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), which are pivotal in osteogenesis and AS pathogenesis. The SASE-regulated network modulates the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of ASMSCs by synergistically activating the PI3K-Akt, NF-kappaB and Hippo signaling pathways. Our results emphasize the crucial role of the SASE-regulated network in pathological osteogenesis in AS, and the preferential inhibition of ASMSC osteogenic differentiation by JQ1 indicates that SEs may be attractive targets in future treatment for new bone formation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Keng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zepeng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, P.R. China
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12
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Burdeyron P, Giraud S, Hauet T, Steichen C. Urine-derived stem/progenitor cells: A focus on their characterization and potential. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1080-1096. [PMID: 33178393 PMCID: PMC7596444 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy, i.e., the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ, is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine. Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose [including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells], urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have aroused interest in the past years. USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation. Importantly, they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure, which is broadly applicable, whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure. Moreover, USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types. This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches. This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs. We will specifically present USC phenotype, which is not an object of consensus in the literature, as well as detail their differentiation capacity. In the second part of this review, we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs. These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells, but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system. Importantly, we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes, which is a strategy being increasingly employed. In the last section, we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Burdeyron
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France.
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13
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Pan C, Zheng X, Wang L, Chen Q, Lin Q. Pretreatment with human urine-derived stem cells protects neurological function in rats following cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:112. [PMID: 32989390 PMCID: PMC7517276 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest (CA) often leads to neurological deficits in the absence of effective treatment. The aim of the present basic research study was to investigate the effects of human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) on the recovery of neurological function in rats after CA/CPR. hUSCs were isolated in vitro and identified using flow cytometry. A rat model of CA was established, and CPR was performed. Animals were scored for neurofunctional deficits following hUSC transplantation. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the hippocampus and temporal cortex were detected via immunofluorescence. Moreover, brain water content and serum S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) levels were measured 7 days following hUSC transplantation. The results demonstrated that hUSCs had upregulated expression levels of CD29, CD90, CD44, CD105, CD73, CD224 and CD146, and expressed low levels of CD34 and human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype. In addition, hUSCs were able to differentiate into neuronal cells in vitro. The SPSS 19.0 statistical package was used for statistical analysis, and it was found that the neurological function of the rats after CA/CPR was significantly improved following hUSC transplantation. Furthermore, hUSCs aggregated in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, and secreted large amounts of BDNF and VEGF. hUSC transplantation also effectively inhibited brain edema and serum S100B levels after CPR. Therefore, the results suggested that hUSC transplantation significantly improved the neurological function of rats after CA/CPR, possibly by promoting the expression levels of BDNF and VEGF, as well as inhibiting brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Emergency Department, Suzhou Emergency Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Emergency Department, Suzhou Emergency Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Dispatch Department, Suzhou Emergency Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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