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Coimbra S, Rocha S, Sousa NR, Catarino C, Belo L, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Valente MJ, Santos-Silva A. Toxicity Mechanisms of Gadolinium and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4071. [PMID: 38612881 PMCID: PMC11012457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been used for more than 30 years to improve magnetic resonance imaging, a crucial tool for medical diagnosis and treatment monitoring across multiple clinical settings. Studies have shown that exposure to GBCAs is associated with gadolinium release and tissue deposition that may cause short- and long-term toxicity in several organs, including the kidney, the main excretion organ of most GBCAs. Considering the increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide and that most of the complications following GBCA exposure are associated with renal dysfunction, the mechanisms underlying GBCA toxicity, especially renal toxicity, are particularly important. A better understanding of the gadolinium mechanisms of toxicity may contribute to clarify the safety and/or potential risks associated with the use of GBCAs. In this work, a review of the recent literature concerning gadolinium and GBCA mechanisms of toxicity was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- 1H-TOXRUN—1H-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nícia Reis Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Superior Politécnico de Benguela, Benguela, Angola
| | - Cristina Catarino
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Lan H, Hu Z, Gan H, Wu L, Xie S, Jiang Y, Ye D, Ye X. Association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and pubertal timing in boys and girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115540. [PMID: 37801753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the risk factors contributing to this phenomenon, but the relationship between them is unclear based on current evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of POPs exposure with pubertal timing in girls and boys by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies before June 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio (PR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 21 studies were included, involving 2479 boys and 8718 girls. The results of meta-analysis showed that exposure to POPs was significantly associated with delayed pubertal timing in girls (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.79-0.91; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between exposure to POPs and pubertal timing in boys (RR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.40; p = 0.070). Subgroup analysis showed that there may be gender differences in the effects of exposure to POPs on pubertal timing. Our results suggested that exposure to POPs could delay pubertal timing in girls. However, based on current evidence, no significant association was found between POPs exposure and pubertal timing in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shushu Xie
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ding Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Gholibegloo E, Ebrahimpour A, Mortezazadeh T, Sorouri F, Foroumadi A, Firoozpour L, Shafiee Ardestani M, Khoobi M. pH-Responsive chitosan-modified gadolinium oxide nanoparticles delivering 5-aminolevulinic acid: A dual cellular and metabolic T1-T2* contrast agent for glioblastoma brain tumors detection. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakamura R, Takanezawa Y, Ohshiro Y, Uraguchi S, Kiyono M. Effects of chemical forms of gadolinium on the spleen in mice after single intravenous administration. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101217. [PMID: 35128083 PMCID: PMC8808065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used to improve tissue contrast during magnetic resonance imaging. Exposure to GBCAs can result in gadolinium deposition within human tissues and has become a clinical concern because of the potential toxic effects of free gadolinium (Gd3+). Here, we report the impact of a single administration of GBCAs (Omniscan and Gadovist), and Gd3+ on mouse tissues. Five-week-old male BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with GBCAs or Gd3+. Seven days after injection, relatively high levels of gadolinium were detected in the spleen (118.87 nmol/g tissue), liver (83.00 nmol/g tissue), skin (48.56 nmol/g tissue), and kidneys (25.59 nmol/g tissue) of the Gd(NO3)3 (high dose: 0.165 mmol/kg) group; in the bones (11.12 nmol/g tissue), kidneys (7.49 nmol/g tissue), teeth (teeth: 6.18 nmol/g tissue), and skin (2.43 nmol/g tissue) of the Omniscan (high dose: 1.654 mmol/kg) group and in the kidneys (16.36 nmol/g tissue) and skin (4.88 nmol/g tissue) of the Gadovist (high dose: 3.308 mmol/kg) group. Enlargement of the spleen was observed in the Gd3+ group (p < 0.05), but not in the Omniscan or Gadovist groups. Gd3+ caused iron accumulation around the white pulp of the spleen, suggesting that enlargement of the spleen is, at least in part, associated with Gd3+ and/or iron accumulation. Our results may help elucidate the relative risks of different types of gadolinium agents, the mechanisms involved, and even recognition of potential toxic effects of GBCAs. The tissue deposition of gadolinium influenced by the chemical forms of gadolinium. Gd3+ causes enlargement and iron deposition in the spleen of mice. The spleen is a potential target for the release of Gd3+ from GBCAs.
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Ebrahimpour A, Tirgar F, Hajipour-Verdom B, Abbasi A, Hadjighassem M, Abdolmaleki P, Hosseindoost S, Javadi SAH, Hashemi H, Foroushani AR, Alam NR, Khoobi M. Detection of glioblastoma multiforme using quantitative molecular magnetic resonance imaging based on 5-aminolevulinic acid: in vitro and in vivo studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:3-15. [PMID: 34878619 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We demonstrated a novel metabolic method based on sequential administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and iron supplement, and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) detection using R2' and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Intra-cellular iron accumulation in glioblastoma cells treated with ALA and/or FAC was measured. Cell phantoms containing glioblastoma cells and Wistar rats bearing C6 glioblastoma were imaged using a 3 T MRI scanner after sequential administration of ALA and FAC. The relaxivity and QSM analysis were performed on the images. RESULTS The intra-cellular iron deposition was significantly higher in the glioma cells with sequential treatment of ALA and FAC for 6 h compared to those treated with the controls. The relaxivity and magnetic susceptibility values of the glioblastoma cells and rat brain tumors treated with ALA + FAC (115 ± 5 s-1 for R2', and 0.1 ± 0.02 ppm for magnetic susceptibility) were significantly higher than those treated with the controls (55 ± 18 (FAC), 45 ± 15 (ALA) s-1 for R2', p < 0.05, and 0.03 ± 0.03 (FAC), 0.02 ± 0.02 (ALA) ppm for magnetic susceptibility, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Sequential administration of ALA and iron supplements increases the iron deposition in glioblastoma cells, enabling clinical 3 T MRI to detect GBM using R2' or QSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ebrahimpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tirgar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hajipour-Verdom
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Javadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Riyahi Alam
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Concordia University, PERFORM Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dinç G, Salihoğlu AK, Ozgoren B, Akkaya S, Ayar A. Investigation of Effects of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents on Uterine Contractility Using Isolated Rat Myometrium. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1761-1770. [PMID: 34723414 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite concerns about safety, gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are still used for abdominal and pelvic imaging during pregnancy. Researchers have mainly focused on teratogenicity, while very little is known about their possible direct effects on uterine contractility, yet free gadolinium potentially impacts contractility through interaction with calcium channels. PURPOSE To investigate possible effects of selected GBCAs (namely gadoteridol, gadoversetamide, gadobutrol, gadoterate meglumine, and gadoxetic acid) on the contractility of rat myometrium. STUDY TYPE In vitro organ bath study. ANIMAL MODEL Myometria were isolated from adult (10-12 weeks old) Sprague Dawley rats, both pregnant (N = 8) and nonpregnant (N = 36). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE NA. ASSESSMENT Myometrial strips were suspended in tissue bath containing physiological saline and isometric contractions were recorded. GBCAs were added to the tissue bath cumulatively, and their effects on contractility parameters (quantified by amplitude, frequency, and area under contractility curve [AUC]) were evaluated by 10-minute intervals. STATISTICAL TESTS Normality data, checked by Shapiro-Wilk test, were transformed by arcsine when needed. One- or two-way analysis of variance was performed, where appropriate, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS All of the assayed GBCAs elicited some alterations in the myometrial contractility in a concentration-dependent manner. Gadoterate meglumine, gadoxetic acid, and gadoversetamide caused a concentration-dependent significant attenuation in AUC (oxytocin-induced, from 100% during control period to 45.1 ± 9.0% (nonpregnant) and 59.9 ± 8.5% (pregnant), for 90 μM gadoterate meglumine; respectively), and frequency of the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions. Gadobutrol and gadoteridol at highest dose significantly attenuated mean AUC and frequency of oxytocin-induced contractions of nonpregnant myometrium. DATA CONCLUSION Results from this in vitro study indicate that GBCAs elicit modulation of myometrial contractions at clinically relevant concentrations. These effects may account, at least partially, for the known potential side effects (rare cases of miscarriages and elective abortion) of these agents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülseren Dinç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arif K Salihoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Burak Ozgoren
- Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Akkaya
- Department of Radiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ayar
- Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Khairinisa MA, Ariyani W, Tsushima Y, Koibuchi N. Effects of Gadolinium Deposits in the Cerebellum: Reviewing the Literature from In Vitro Laboratory Studies to In Vivo Human Investigations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147214. [PMID: 34299664 PMCID: PMC8305034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are chemicals injected intravenously during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the diagnostic yield. The repeated use of GBCAs can cause their deposition in the brain, including the cerebellum. Such deposition may affect various cell subsets in the brain and consequently cause behavioral alterations due to neurotoxicity. Caution should thus be exercised in using these agents, particularly in patients who are more likely to have repeated enhanced MRIs during their lifespan. Further studies are required to clarify the toxicity of GBCAs, and potential mechanisms causing neurotoxicity have recently been reported. This review introduces the effects of GBCAs in the cerebellum obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies and considers the possible mechanisms of neurotoxicity involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miski Aghnia Khairinisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
- Program Study of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Islamic University, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
| | - Winda Ariyani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Correspondence: (W.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
- Correspondence: (W.A.); (N.K.)
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