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Gallo G, Picciariello A, Tufano A, Camporese G. Clinical evidence and rationale of mesoglycan to treat chronic venous disease and hemorrhoidal disease: a narrative review. Updates Surg 2024; 76:423-434. [PMID: 38356039 PMCID: PMC10995001 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) and hemorrhoidal disease (HD) are among the most common vascular diseases in the world, with CVD affecting 22-41% of the population in Europe and HD having a point prevalence of 11-39%. The burden is substantial in terms of the effect of symptoms on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and direct/indirect medical costs. Treatment begins with lifestyle changes, compression in CVD and topical therapies in HD, and escalates as needed through oral therapies first and eventually to surgery for severe disease. CVD and HD share etiological features and pathological changes affecting the structure and function of the tissue extracellular matrix. Mesoglycan, a natural glycosaminoglycan (GAG) preparation composed primarily of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, has been demonstrated to positively impact the underlying causes of CVD and HD, regenerating the glycocalyx and restoring endothelial function, in addition to having antithrombotic, profibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiedema and wound-healing effects. In clinical trials, oral mesoglycan reduced the severity of CVD signs and symptoms, improved HRQoL, and accelerated ulcer healing. In patients with HD, mesoglycan significantly reduced the severity of signs and symptoms and the risk of rectal bleeding. In patients undergoing excisional hemorrhoidectomy, adding mesoglycan to standard postoperative care reduced pain, improved HRQoL, reduced incidence of thrombosis, and facilitated an earlier return to normal activities/work, compared with standard postoperative care alone. The clinical effects of mesoglycan in patients with CVD or HD are consistent with the agent's known mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Antonella Tufano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Camporese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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2
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Camporese G, Bernardi E, Bortoluzzi C, Noventa F, Simioni P. Mesoglycan for the secondary prevention of superficial vein thrombosis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study (METRO Study)-rationale and protocol. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:226-234. [PMID: 37932589 PMCID: PMC10869363 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
No data is available about pharmacological secondary prevention of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) despite 10-15% of patients develop venous thromboembolic complications at 3-6 months after an adequate treatment of the acute phase. To verify efficacy and safety of mesoglycan in secondary prevention of SVT recurrence and venous thromboembolic complications. Phase III multicenter, double-blind, randomized, superiority trial comparing mesoglycan 50 mg bid vs placebo in consecutive patients with a SVT extended at least 5 cm, after the initial 45-day treatment course with fondaparinux 2.5 mg once-daily. Primary efficacy outcome: SVT recurrence/extension, symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE), asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis, death. Primary safety outcome: major bleeding. We hypothesized a 12-month 15% incidence of the primary efficacy outcome in placebo group and a 50% risk reduction in mesoglycan group. A bilateral log-rank test with a sample of 650 patients (randomization 1:1) reach a 90% power, with an α-error of 0.025, of detecting a 7.0% difference (HR = 0.51) after 12 months of treatment, considering a 10% patients drop-out. At deadline (December 31, 2022) 570 patients have been randomized (10% drop rate). Mean age was 63.9 years, 58.8% were women. SVT involved great saphenous vein in 69.3%, small saphenous vein in 13.1%, and collaterals in 17.6% of patients. SVT was the first event in 61.7%, a recurrence in 38.3%, provoked in 50.2% and unprovoked in 49.8%. Patients not experiencing a primary outcome, or not retiring their consent will be followed up to December 31, 2024 when the final data analysis will be performedClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03428711.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Camporese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Thrombotic, and Hemorrhagic Disorders Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University - Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - E Bernardi
- Emergency Room, Department of Emergency and Accident Medicine, San Camillo Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - C Bortoluzzi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Maria delle Grazie Venice Civil Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - F Noventa
- QUOVADIS Association and Department of Molecular Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - P Simioni
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Thrombotic, and Hemorrhagic Disorders Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University - Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
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3
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Belvedere R, Novizio N, Palazzo M, Pessolano E, Petrella A. The pro-healing effects of heparan sulfate and growth factors are enhanced by the heparinase enzyme: New association for skin wound healing treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176138. [PMID: 37923158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment strategies for skin wound repair are the focus of numerous studies. New pharmacological approaches appear necessary to guarantee a correct and healthy tissue regeneration. For these reasons, we purposed to investigate the effects of the combination between heparan sulfate and growth factors further adding the heparinase enzyme. Interestingly, for the first time, we have found that this whole association retains a marked pro-healing activity when topically administered to the wound. In detail, this combination significantly enhances the motility and activation of the main cell populations involved in tissue regeneration (keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells), compared with single agents administered without heparinase. Notably, using an experimental C57BL/6 mouse model of skin wounding, we observed that the topical treatment of skin lesions with heparan sulfate + growth factors + heparinase promotes the highest closure of wounds compared to each substance mixed with the other ones in all the possible combinations. Eosin/hematoxylin staining of skin biopsies revealed that treatment with the whole combination allows the formation of a well-structured matrix with numerous new vessels. Confocal analyses for vimentin, FAP1α, CK10 and CD31 have highlighted the presence of activated fibroblasts, differentiated keratinocytes and endothelial cells at the closed region of wounds. Our results encourage defining this combined treatment as a new and appealing therapy expedient in skin wound healing, as it is able to activate cell components and promote a dynamic lesions closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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4
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Holmes SG, Desai UR. Assessing Genetic Algorithm-Based Docking Protocols for Prediction of Heparin Oligosaccharide Binding Geometries onto Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1633. [PMID: 38002315 PMCID: PMC10669598 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular docking has evolved dramatically over the years, its application to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has remained challenging because of their intrinsic flexibility, highly anionic character and rather ill-defined site of binding on proteins. GAGs have been treated as either fully "rigid" or fully "flexible" in molecular docking. We reasoned that an intermediate semi-rigid docking (SRD) protocol may be better for the recapitulation of native heparin/heparan sulfate (Hp/HS) topologies. Herein, we study 18 Hp/HS-protein co-complexes containing chains from disaccharide to decasaccharide using genetic algorithm-based docking with rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible docking protocols. Our work reveals that rigid and semi-rigid protocols recapitulate native poses for longer chains (5→10 mers) significantly better than the flexible protocol, while 2→4-mer poses are better predicted using the semi-rigid approach. More importantly, the semi-rigid docking protocol is likely to perform better when no crystal structure information is available. We also present a new parameter for parsing selective versus non-selective GAG-protein systems, which relies on two computational parameters including consistency of binding (i.e., RMSD) and docking score (i.e., GOLD Score). The new semi-rigid protocol in combination with the new computational parameter is expected to be particularly useful in high-throughput screening of GAG sequences for identifying promising druggable targets as well as drug-like Hp/HS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G. Holmes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Suite 212, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Suite 212, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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5
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Feoli A, Iannelli G, Cipriano A, Milite C, Shen L, Wang Z, Hadjikyriacou A, Lowe TL, Safaeipour C, Viviano M, Sarno G, Morretta E, Monti MC, Yang Y, Clarke SG, Cosconati S, Castellano S, Sbardella G. Identification of a Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7)/Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13665-13683. [PMID: 37560786 PMCID: PMC10578352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Less studied than the other protein arginine methyltransferase isoforms, PRMT7 and PRMT9 have recently been identified as important therapeutic targets. Yet, most of their biological roles and functions are still to be defined, as well as the structural requirements that could drive the identification of selective modulators of their activity. We recently described the structural requirements that led to the identification of potent and selective PRMT4 inhibitors spanning both the substrate and the cosubstrate pockets. The reanalysis of the data suggested a PRMT7 preferential binding for shorter derivatives and prompted us to extend these structural studies to PRMT9. Here, we report the identification of the first potent PRMT7/9 inhibitor and its binding mode to the two PRMT enzymes. Label-free quantification mass spectrometry confirmed significant inhibition of PRMT activity in cells. We also report the setup of an effective AlphaLISA assay to screen small molecule inhibitors of PRMT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Giulia Iannelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
- PhD
Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Lei Shen
- Department
of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman
Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department
of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman
Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Andrea Hadjikyriacou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Troy L. Lowe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cyrus Safaeipour
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
- PhD
Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department
of Pharmacy, ProteoMass Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Monti
- Department
of Pharmacy, ProteoMass Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Yanzhong Yang
- Department
of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman
Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University
of Salerno, via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano ,I-84084 SA Italy
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6
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Zhang M, Li X, Cui X, Li R, Ma Z, Gao X. Selenomethionine promotes ANXA2 phosphorylation for proliferation and protein synthesis of myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109277. [PMID: 36739096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (Se-Met) has many beneficial effects on higher animals and human, and can regulate cellular physiology through distinct signaling pathways. However, the role and molecular mechanism of Se-Met in skeletal muscle growth remains unclear. In this study, we observed the effects of Se-Met on C2C12 myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth of mice, and explored the corresponding molecular mechanism. Se-Met affected proliferation and protein synthesis of C2C12 myoblasts in a hormesis type of relationship, and had an optimal stimulatory effect at 50 µM concentration. Se-Met also affected mTOR, ANXA2, and PKCα phosphorylation in the same manner. ANXA2 knockdown blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on cell proliferation and protein synthesis and inhibition of Se-Met on autophagy of C2C12 myoblasts. Western blotting analysis showed that PI3K inhibition blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on mTOR phosphorylation. ANXA2 knockdown further blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on PI3K and mTOR phosphorylation. Point mutation experiment showed that ANXA2 mediated the stimulation of Se-Met on the PI3K-mTOR signaling through phosphorylation at Ser26. PKCα interacted with ANXA2, and PKCα knockdown blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on ANXA2 phosphorylation at Ser26. Se-Met addition (7.5mg/kg diet, 4 weeks) increased mouse carcass weight, promoted gastrocnemius skeletal muscle growth and ANXA2 and mTOR phosphorylation in this tissue. Collectively, our findings reveal that Se-Met can promote proliferation and protein synthesis of myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth through ANXA2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Cui
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Zonghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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7
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Belvedere R, Novizio N, Morello S, Petrella A. The combination of mesoglycan and VEGF promotes skin wound repair by enhancing the activation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts and their cross-talk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11041. [PMID: 35773320 PMCID: PMC9247059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing requires accurate therapeutic topical managements to accelerate tissue regeneration. Here, for the first time, we found that the association mesoglycan/VEGF has a strong pro-healing activity. In detail, this combination induces angiogenesis in human endothelial cells promoting in turn fibroblasts recruitment. These ones acquire a notable ability to invade the matrigel coating and to secrete an active form of metalloproteinase 2 in presence of endothelial cells treated with mesoglycan/VEGF. Next, by creating intrascapular lesions on the back of C57Bl6 mice, we observed that the topical treatments with the mesoglycan/VEGF promotes the closure of wounds more than the single substances beside the control represented by a saline solution. As revealed by eosin/hematoxylin staining of mice skin biopsies, treatment with the combination mesoglycan/VEGF allows the formation of a well-structured matrix with a significant number of new vessels. Immunofluorescence analyses have revealed the presence of endothelial cells at the closed region of wounds, as evaluated by CD31, VE-cadherin and fibronectin staining and of activated fibroblasts assessed by vimentin, col1A and FAP1α. These results encourage defining the association mesoglycan/VEGF to activate endothelial and fibroblast cell components in skin wound healing promoting the creation of new vessels and the deposition of granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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8
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The Pyrazolyl-Urea Gege3 Inhibits the Activity of ANXA1 in the Angiogenesis Induced by the Pancreatic Cancer Derived EVs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121758. [PMID: 34944403 PMCID: PMC8699007 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazolyl-urea Gege3 molecule has shown interesting antiangiogenic effects in the tumor contest. Here, we have studied the role of this compound as interfering with endothelial cells activation in response to the paracrine effects of annexin A1 (ANXA1), known to be involved in promoting tumor progression. ANXA1 has been analyzed in the extracellular environment once secreted through microvesicles (EVs) by pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Particularly, Gege3 has been able to notably prevent the effects of Ac2-26, the ANXA1 mimetic peptide, and of PC-derived EVs on endothelial cells motility, angiogenesis, and calcium release. Furthermore, this compound also inhibited the translocation of ANXA1 to the plasma membrane, otherwise induced by the same ANXA1-dependent extracellular stimuli. Moreover, these effects have been mediated by the indirect inhibition of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), which generally promotes the phosphorylation of ANXA1 on serine 27. Indeed, by the subtraction of intracellular calcium levels, the pathway triggered by PKCα underwent a strong inhibition leading to the following impediment to the ANXA1 localization at the plasma membrane, as revealed by confocal and cytofluorimetry analysis. Thus, Gege3 appeared an attractive molecule able to prevent the paracrine effects of PC cells deriving ANXA1 in the tumor microenvironment.
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ANXA1 Contained in EVs Regulates Macrophage Polarization in Tumor Microenvironment and Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011018. [PMID: 34681678 PMCID: PMC8538745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic system where nontumor and cancer cells intercommunicate through soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The TME in pancreatic cancer (PC) is critical for its aggressiveness and the annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been identified as one of the oncogenic elements. Previously, we demonstrated that the autocrine/paracrine activities of extracellular ANXA1 depend on its presence in EVs. Here, we show that the complex ANXA1/EVs modulates the macrophage polarization further contributing to cancer progression. The EVs isolated from wild type (WT) and ANXA1 knock-out MIA PaCa-2 cells have been administrated to THP-1 macrophages finding that ANXA1 is crucial for the acquisition of a protumor M2 phenotype. The M2 macrophages activate endothelial cells and fibroblasts to induce angiogenesis and matrix degradation, respectively. We have also found a significantly increased presence of M2 macrophage in mice tumor and liver metastasis sections previously obtained by orthotopic xenografts with WT cells. Taken together, our data interestingly suggest the relevance of ANXA1 as potential diagnostic/prognostic and/or therapeutic PC marker.
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10
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Belvedere R, Novizio N, Eletto D, Porta A, Bagnulo A, Cerciello A, Di Maio U, Petrella A. The Procoagulant Activity of Emoxilane ®: A New Appealing Therapeutic Use in Epistaxis of the Combination of Sodium Hyaluronate, Silver Salt, α-tocopherol and D-panthenol. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090992. [PMID: 34575141 PMCID: PMC8472423 DOI: 10.3390/life11090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistaxis is one of the most frequent hemorrhages resulting from local or systemic factors. Its management without hospitalization has prompted an interest in locally applied hemostatic agents. Generally, the therapy approaches involve sprays or creams acting as a physical barrier, even used as tampons or gauze. In this study, we have investigated the activity of Emoxilane®, a combination of sodium hyaluronate, silver salt, α-tocopherol acetate and D-panthenol, which is known to be able to separately act in a different biological manner. Our in vitro results, obtained on endothelial and nasal epithelial cells, have shown that the association of these molecules presented a notable antioxidant activity mainly due to the α-tocopherol and D-panthenol and a significant antimicrobial role thanks to the silver compound. Moreover, remarkable hemostatic activity was found by evaluating plasmin inhibition attributable to the sodium hyaluronate. Interestingly, on human plasma, we have confirmed that Emoxilane® strongly induced the increase of thrombin levels. These data suggest that the use of this association could represent an appealing pharmacological approach to actively induce hemostasis during epistaxis. Our future perspective will aim to the creation of a formulation for an easy topical application in the nose which is able to contrast the bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Eletto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Bagnulo
- Neilos Srl, Via Bagnulo 95, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cerciello
- Neilos Srl, Via Bagnulo 95, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Umberto Di Maio
- Shedir Pharma Group Spa, Via Bagnulo 95, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy;
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.B.); (N.N.); (D.E.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969762; Fax: +39-089-969602
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