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Zhang B, Wang M, Sun L, Liu J, Yin L, Xia M, Zhang L, Liu X, Cheng Y. Recent Advances in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Are PDCs the Next Generation of ADCs? J Med Chem 2024; 67:11469-11487. [PMID: 38980167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, and linkers, which can integrate the advantages of antibodies and small molecule drugs to achieve targeted cancer treatment. However, ADCs also have some shortcomings, such as non-negligible drug resistance, a low therapeutic index, and payload-related toxicity. Many studies have focused on changing the composition of ADCs, and some have even further extended the concept and types of targeted conjugated drugs by replacing the targeted antibodies in ADCs with peptides, revolutionarily introducing peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs). This Perspective summarizes the current research status of ADCs and PDCs and highlights the structural innovations of ADC components. In particular, PDCs are regarded as the next generation of potential targeted drugs after ADCs, and the current challenges of PDCs are analyzed. Our aim is to offer fresh insights for the efficient design and expedited development of innovative targeted conjugated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Libinghan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
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Zhang N, Li Y, Cui W, Yu X, Huang Y. Application of quantitative pharmacology analysis to support early clinical development of oncology drugs: dose selection. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:420-423. [PMID: 38994684 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2377577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The selection of appropriate starting dose and suitable method to predict an efficacious dose for novel oncology drug in the early clinical development stage poses significant challenges. The traditional methods of using body surface area transformation from toxicology studies to predict the first-in human (FIH) starting dose, or simply selecting the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum administered dose (MAD) as efficacious dose or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), are usually inadequate and risky for novel oncology drugs.Due to the regulatory efforts aimed at improving dose optimisation in oncology drug development, clinical dose selection is now shifting away from these traditional methods towards a comprehensive benefit/risk assessment-based approach. Quantitative pharmacology analysis (QPA) plays a crucial role in this new paradigm. This mini-review summarises the use of QPA in selecting the starting dose for oncology FIH studies and potential efficacious doses for expansion or phase 2 trials. QPA allows for a more rational and scientifically based approach to dose selection by integrating information across studies and development phases.In conclusion, the application of QPA in oncology drug development has the potential to significantly enhance the success rates of clinical trials and ultimately support clinical decision-making, particularly in dose selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Li
- Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Cui
- Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ying Huang
- Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group, Shanghai, China
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Liu H, Zhou D, Liu D, Xu X, Zhang K, Hu R, Xiong P, Wang C, Zeng X, Wang L, Zhang S. Synergistic antitumor activity between HER2 antibody-drug conjugate and chemotherapy for treating advanced colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38443386 PMCID: PMC10914798 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer associated with a poor prognosis. Effective targeted therapy alone or in combination for treating advanced CRC remains to be a major clinical challenge. Here, we propose the therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanism underlying RC48, a FDA-approved anti-HER2 antibody conjugate via a cleavable linker to the microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), either alone or in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) in various models of HER2-positive advanced CRC. Our findings demonstrated that HER2 was widely expressed and located on the plasma membrane of CRC patient specimens, PDX xenograft tumors and cell lines. It confirmed that RC48 alone significantly targeted and eradicated HER2 positive CRC tumor in these models. Moreover, we screened a panel of FDA-approved first-line chemotherapy drugs in vitro. We found that GEM exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity compared to the other first-line anti-cancer agents. Furthermore, combination therapy of RC48 and GEM significantly showed synergetic antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. To gain further mechanistic insights into the combination therapy, we performed RNA-seq analysis. The results revealed that combination treatment of RC48 and GEM regulated multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K-AKT, MAPK, p53, Foxo, apoptosis, cell cycle and cell senescence, etc., to exert its antitumor activity in CRC cells. Collectively, these preclinical findings demonstrated that RC48 alone or combinational therapy exerted promising antitumor activity, and meriting the preclinical framework for combinational therapy of anti-HER2 drug conjugate drug and chemotherapy drugs for HER2-positive patients with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dongqin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ruxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Changxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiangfu Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Hurwitz J, Haggstrom LR, Lim E. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Ushering in a New Era of Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2017. [PMID: 37631232 PMCID: PMC10458257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have provided new therapeutic options and significant promise for patients with cancer, particularly where existing treatments are limited. Substantial effort in ADC development is underway globally, with 13 ADCs currently approved and many more in development. The therapeutic benefits of ADCs leverage the ability to selectively target cancer cells through antibody binding, resultant relative sparing of non-malignant tissues, and the targeted delivery of a cytotoxic payload. Consequently, this drug class has demonstrated activity in multiple malignancies refractory to standard therapeutic options. Despite this, limitations exist, including narrow therapeutic windows, unique toxicity profiles, development of therapeutic resistance, and appropriate biomarker selection. This review will describe the development of ADCs, their mechanisms of action, pivotal trials, and approved indications and identify common themes. Current challenges and opportunities will be discussed for this drug class in cancer therapeutics at a time when significant developments in antibody therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted agents are occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hurwitz
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Elgene Lim
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Repetto M, Crimini E, Belli C, Boscolo Bielo L, Ascione L, Meric-Bernstam F, Drilon A, Curigliano G. A demand-offer critical analysis of current drug development. Phase I drugs versus TCGA sequencing data. Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112958. [PMID: 37451181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phase I clinical trials have become increasingly critical to regulatory approvals of novel agents. In phase I drug development, a global problem of unknown magnitude is the multiplicity of similar drugs being investigated against the same target, colloquially known as the 'me too' phenomenon. METHODS Ranging from December 2020 to December 2022 we annotated phase I clinical trials present on clinicaltrials.gov. Public databases were queried for annotation of investigational agents (IAs). Extensive literature research and data mining were performed to annotate agents not present in public databases. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer sequencing cohort was used to perform second-level analyses to evaluate tumour types with a higher number of IA matches. RESULTS A total of 1054 unique drug targets were identified. The most frequent IA classes were: cell products (1223), small-molecule inhibitors (1110), antibodies (733), and vaccines (346). Only a minority (8.9%) of phase I IAs were explored against a target without a competitive agent; 7% of agents shared targets with 2-3 other agents. Unfortunately, the majority (84%) shared targets with at least four other agents. Using data from the TCGA pan-cancer sequencing potentially underserved histologies were identified. Analysis of alteration-IA matches revealed potentially frequent and unexplored alterations in many tumour types. CONCLUSIONS The majority of IAs (86%) shared targets with at least three other agents. We argue that these duplicative efforts could be redirected toward unmet needs instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Repetto
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edoardo Crimini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Belli
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Ascione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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Zheng C, Zhou D, Li W, Duan Y, Xu M, Liu J, Cheng J, Xiao Y, Xiao H, Gan T, Liang J, Zheng D, Wang L, Zhang S. Therapeutic efficacy of a MMAE-based anti-DR5 drug conjugate Oba01 in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:295. [PMID: 37120688 PMCID: PMC10148860 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most aggressive malignancies associated with a 5-year survival rate of <9%, and the treatment options remain limited. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of anticancer agents with superior efficacy and safety profiles. We studied the antitumor activity of Oba01 ADC and the mechanism underlying the targeting of death receptor 5 (DR5) in preclinical PC models. Our data revealed that DR5 was highly expressed on the plasma membrane of PC cells and Oba01 showed potent in vitro antitumor activity in a panel of human DR5-positive PC cell lines. DR5 was readily cleaved by lysosomal proteases after receptor-mediated internalization. Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was then released into the cytosol to induce G2/M-phase growth arrest, cell death via apoptosis induction, and the bystander effect. Furthermore, Oba01 mediated cell death via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. For improved potency, we investigated the synergetic effect of Oba01 in combination with approved drugs. Oba01 combined with gemcitabine showed better antiproliferative activity than either standalone treatment. In cell- and patient-derived xenografts, Oba01 showed excellent tumoricidal activity in mono- or combinational therapy. Thus, Oba01 may provide a novel biotherapeutic approach and a scientific basis for clinical trials in DR5-expressing patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Skill Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yanhui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Minwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Skill Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jingpei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Youban Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jianmin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Dexian Zheng
- Yantai Obioadc Biomedical Technology Ltd., Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Yantai Obioadc Biomedical Technology Ltd., Yantai, 264000, China.
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Xing L, Liu Y, Liu J. Targeting BCMA in Multiple Myeloma: Advances in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082240. [PMID: 37190168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of the plasma cells. In the last twenty years, treatment strategies have evolved toward targeting MM cells-from the shotgun chemotherapy approach to the slightly more targeted approach of disrupting important MM molecular pathways to the immunotherapy approach that specifically targets MM cells based on protein expression. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are introduced as immunotherapeutic drugs which utilize an antibody to deliver cytotoxic agents to cancer cells distinctively. Recent investigations of ADCs for MM treatment focus on targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), which regulates B cell proliferation, survival, maturation, and differentiation into plasma cells (PCs). Given its selective expression in malignant PCs, BCMA is one of the most promising targets in MM immunotherapy. Compared to other BCMA-targeting immunotherapies, ADCs have several benefits, such as lower price, shorter production period, fewer infusions, less dependence on the patient's immune system, and they are less likely to over-activate the immune system. In clinical trials, anti-BCMA ADCs have shown safety and remarkable response rates in patients with relapsed and refractory MM. Here, we review the properties and clinical applications of anti-BCMA ADC therapies and discuss the potential mechanisms of resistance and ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Xing
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiye Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Debnath U, Verma S, Patra J, Mandal SK. A review on recent synthetic routes and computational approaches for antibody drug conjugation developments used in anti-cancer therapy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Chang HP, Li Z, Shah DK. Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Whole-Body Disposition of MMAE Containing Antibody-Drug Conjugate in Mice. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1-24. [PMID: 35044590 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitate and mathematically characterize the whole-body pharmacokinetics (PK) of different ADC analytes following administration of an MMAE-conjugated ADC in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The PK of different ADC analytes (total antibody, total drug, unconjugated drug) was measured following administration of an MMAE-conjugated ADC in tumor-bearing mice. The PK of ADC analytes was compared with the whole-body PK of the antibody and drug obtained following administration of these molecules alone. An ADC PBPK model was developed by linking antibody PBPK model with small-molecule PBPK model, where the drug was assumed to deconjugate in DAR-dependent manner. RESULTS Comparison of antibody biodistribution coefficient (ABC) values for total antibody suggests that conjugation of drug did not significantly affect the PK of antibody. Comparison of tissue:plasma AUC ratio (T/P) for the conjugated drug and total antibody suggests that in certain tissues (e.g., spleen) ADC may demonstrate higher deconjugation. It was observed that the tissue distribution profile of the drug can be altered following its conjugation to antibody. For example, MMAE distribution to the liver was found to increase while its distribution to the heart was found to decrease upon conjugation to antibody. MMAE exposure in the tumor was found to increase by ~20-fold following administration as conjugate (i.e., ADC). The PBPK model was able to a priori predict the PK of all three ADC analytes in plasma, tissues, and tumor reasonably well. CONCLUSIONS The ADC PBPK model developed here serves as a platform for translational and clinical investigations of MMAE containing ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ping Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
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Validity of Anti-PSMA ScFvD2B as a Theranostic Tool: A Narrative-Focused Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121870. [PMID: 34944686 PMCID: PMC8698710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer among men, and its diagnosis and adequate staging are fundamental. Among the biomarkers identified in recent years for PCa management, prostate-specific-membrane-antigen (PSMA), physiologically expressed at a low level on healthy prostate and in other normal tissues and highly overexpressed in PCa, represents a reliable marker ideal for imaging and therapy. The development of anti-PSMA antibodies, such as D2B, demonstrated slow clearance of intact antibodies compared with fragments resulting in low tumor-to-blood ratios; however, the modular structural and functional nature of antibodies allowed the generation of smaller fragments, such as scFvs. In this review of the anti-PSMA antibody fragment scFvD2B, we combined further characterization of its biomolecular and tissue cross-reactivity characteristics with a comprehensive summary of what has already been performed in preclinical models to evaluate imaging and therapeutic activities. A molecular dynamics study was performed, and ScFvD2B occupied a limited conformational space, characterized by low-energy conformational basins, confirming the high stability of the protein structure. In the cross-reactivity study, the weak/absent immunoreactivity in non-tumor tissues was comparable to the PSMA expression reported in the literature. Biodistribution studies and therapeutic treatments were conducted in different animal models obtained by subcutaneous or locoregional injection of PSMA-positive-versus-negative xenografts. The maximum tumor uptake was observed for 123I(SPECT), 124I(PET), and optical imaging, which avoids kidney accumulation (compared with radiometals) and leads to an optimal tumor-to-kidney and tumor-to-background ratios. Regarding its possible use in therapy, experimental data suggested a strong and specific antitumor activity, in vitro and in vivo, obtained using CAR-T or NK-92/CAR cells expressing scFvD2B. Based on presented/reviewed data, we consider that scFvD2B, due to its versatility and robustness, seems to: (i) overcome some problems observed in other studied scFvs, very often relatively unstable and prone to form aggregates; (ii) have sufficient tumor-to-background ratios for targeting and imaging PSMA-expressing cancer; (iii) significantly redirect immune killing cells to PSMA-positive tumors when inserted in second-generation CAR-T or NK-92/CAR cells. These data suggest that our product can be considered the right reagent to fill the gap that still exists in PCa diagnosis and treatment.
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Suzuki M, Yagishita S, Sugihara K, Ogitani Y, Nishikawa T, Ohuchi M, Teishikata T, Jikoh T, Yatabe Y, Yonemori K, Tamura K, Hasegawa K, Hamada A. Visualization of Intratumor Pharmacokinetics of [fam-] Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (DS-8201a) in HER2 Heterogeneous Model Using Phosphor-integrated Dots Imaging Analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3970-3979. [PMID: 33980613 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the intratumor pharmacokinetics of [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan, T-DXd (known as DS-8201a), a novel HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, using phosphor-integrated dots (PID)-imaging analysis to elucidate its pharmacologic mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used two mouse xenograft models administered T-DXd at the concentration of 4 mg/kg: (i) a heterogeneous model in which HER2-positive and HER2-negative cell lines were mixed, and (ii) a homogeneous model in which both cell types were transplanted separately into the same mouse. PID imaging involved immunostaining using novel high-intensity fluorescent nanoparticles. The distribution of T-DXd was assessed by PID imaging targeting the parent antibody, trastuzumab, and the payload, DXd, in serial frozen sections, respectively. RESULTS After T-DXd administration in the heterogeneous model, HER2 expression tended to decrease in a time-dependent manner. The distribution of trastuzumab and DXd was observed by PID imaging along the HER2-positive area throughout the observation period. A detailed comparison of the PID distribution between trastuzumab and DXd showed that trastuzumab matched almost perfectly with the HER2-positive area. In contrast, DXd exhibited widespread distribution in the surrounding HER2-negative area as well. In the HER2-negative tumor of the homogeneous model, the PID distribution of trastuzumab and DXd remained extremely low throughout the observation period. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that T-DXd is distributed to tumor tissues via trastuzumab in a HER2-dependent manner and then to adjacent HER2-negative areas. We successfully visualized the intratumor distribution of T-DXd and its mechanism of action, the so-called "bystander effect."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugihara
- Oncology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogitani
- Oncology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Ohuchi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Teishikata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Jikoh
- Clinical Development Department II, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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13
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Sivaprakasam P, McDonald I, Iwuagwu C, Chowdari NS, Peese KM, Langley DR, Cheng H, Luzung MR, Schmidt MA, Zheng B, Tan Y, Cho P, Rakshit S, Lakshminarasimhan T, Guturi S, Kanagavel K, Kanusu U, Niyogi AG, Sidhar S, Vaidyanathan R, Eastgate MD, Kotapati S, Deshpande M, Pan C, Cardarelli PM, Xie C, Rao C, Holder P, Sarma G, Vite G, Gangwar S. DNA-Model-Based Design and Execution of Some Fused Benzodiazepine Hybrid Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugate Modality. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:404-412. [PMID: 33738068 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series with the tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused benzodiazepine (TBD) ring system combined with the surrogates of (1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)benzene ("MPB") payloads were designed and executed for conjugation with a monoclonal antibody for anticancer therapeutics. DNA models helped in rationally identifying modifications of the "MPB" binding component and guided structure-activity relationship generation. This hybrid series of payloads exhibited excellent in vitro activity when tested against a panel of various cancer cell lines. One of the payloads was appended with a lysosome-cleavable peptide linker and conjugated with an anti-mesothelin antibody via a site-specific conjugation method mediated by the enzyme bacterial transglutaminase (BTGase). Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) 50 demonstrated good plasma stability and lysosomal cleavage. A single intravenous dose of ADC 50 (5 or 10 nmol/kg) showed robust efficacy in an N87 gastric cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Ivar McDonald
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Christiana Iwuagwu
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Naidu S. Chowdari
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Kevin M. Peese
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - David R. Langley
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Heng Cheng
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Michael R. Luzung
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Bin Zheng
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yichen Tan
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Patricia Cho
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Souvik Rakshit
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Thirumalai Lakshminarasimhan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Sivakrishna Guturi
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Kishorekumar Kanagavel
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Umamaheswararao Kanusu
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Ankita G. Niyogi
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Somprabha Sidhar
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Srikanth Kotapati
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Madhura Deshpande
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chin Pan
- Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Pina M. Cardarelli
- Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chetana Rao
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Patrick Holder
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Ganapathy Sarma
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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Marine sponge-derived/inspired drugs and their applications in drug delivery systems. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:487-504. [PMID: 33565317 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans harbor a vast biodiversity that is not represented in terrestrial habitats. Marine sponges have been the richest source of marine natural products reported to date, and sponge-derived natural products have served as inspiration for the development of several drugs in clinical use. However, many promising sponge-derived drug candidates have been stalled in clinical trials due to lack of efficacy, off-target toxicity, metabolic instability or poor pharmacokinetics. One possible solution to this high clinical failure rate is to design drug delivery systems that deliver drugs in a controlled and specific manner. This review critically analyzes drugs/drug candidates inspired by sponge natural products and the potential use of drug delivery systems as a new strategy to enhance the success rate for translation into clinical use.
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Wang W, Tan X, Jiang J, Cai Y, Feng F, Zhang L, Li W. Targeted biological effect of an affitoxin composed of an HPV16E7 affibody fused with granzyme B (ZHPV16E7-GrB) against cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-112118. [PMID: 33292132 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201207145720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High risk type 16 of human papillomavirus (HPV16) is associated with 50% of cervical cancer, for which reliable targeted therapies are lacking. HPV early protein 7 (E7) is an oncoprotein responsible for cell malignant transformation. In our previous work, a highly specific affibody targeting HPV16E7 (ZHPV16E7) was developed. OBJECTIVE In order to improve the targeted therapeutic effect, the present study prepared an affitoxin consisting of ZHPV16E7 fused with granzyme B (GrB), namely, ZHPV16E7-GrB, and evaluated its targeting action in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The ZHPV16E7-GrB fusion protein was produced in a prokaryotic expression system. The targeted binding properties of the ZHPV16E7-GrB to the HPV16E7 were confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in cervical cancer cell lines, by immunohistochemical assay (IHA) in cervical cancer tissue from clinical specimens and by near-infrared imaging in tumour-bearing mice. The anti-tumour effect on both cervical cancer cells in vitro and tumour-bearing mice in vivo were further evaluated. RESULTS A 34-kDa ZHPV16E7-GrB fusion protein was produced in E. coli and displayed corresponding immunoreactivity. IFA revealed that ZHPV16E7-GrB bound specifically to HPV16-positive TC-1 and SiHa cells. IHA showed that ZHPV16E7-GrB also bound specifically to HPV16-positive clinical tissue specimens. In addition, the near-infrared imaging results showed that ZHPV16E7-GrB was enriched in tumour tissues. Moreover, both the ZHPV16E7-GrB affitoxin and ZHPV16E7 affibody (without GrB) significantly reduced the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro and tumour-bearing mice in vivo, and the antiproliferative effect of ZHPV16E7-GrB was higher than that of the ZHPV16E7 affibody. CONCLUSIONS The affitoxin by coupling the affibody with GrB is a promising targeted therapeutic agent with the dual advantages of the targeted affibody and the GrB cytotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
| | - Xiaochun Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
| | - Fangfang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
| | - Wenshu Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. China
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Arya V, Venkatakrishnan K. Role of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation in Enabling Model-Informed Development of Drugs and Biotherapeutics. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60 Suppl 1:S7-S11. [PMID: 33205427 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Arya
- Division of Infectious Disease Pharmacology (DIDP), Office of Clinical Pharmacology (OCP), Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc. (a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Decary S, Berne PF, Nicolazzi C, Lefebvre AM, Dabdoubi T, Cameron B, Rival P, Devaud C, Prades C, Bouchard H, Cassé A, Henry C, Amara C, Brillac C, Ferrari P, Maçon L, Lacoste E, Combeau C, Beys E, Naimi S, García-Echeverría C, Mayaux JF, Blanc V. Preclinical Activity of SAR408701: A Novel Anti-CEACAM5-maytansinoid Antibody-drug Conjugate for the Treatment of CEACAM5-positive Epithelial Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6589-6599. [PMID: 33046521 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) is a glycoprotein that has limited expression in normal adult tissues, but is overexpressed in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary and respiratory systems, and breast cancer. As such, CEACAM5 is an attractive target for antibody-based therapies designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic drugs to certain epithelial tumors. Here, we describe preclinical data for a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), SAR408701, which consists of an anti-CEACAM5 antibody (SAR408377) coupled to a maytansinoid agent DM4 via a cleavable linker. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The specificity and binding affinity of SAR408701 to human and cynomolgus monkey CEACAM5 were tested in vitro. The cytotoxic activity of SAR408701 was assessed in CEACAM5-expressing tumor cell lines and using patient-derived xenograft mouse models of CEACAM5-positive tumors. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic-efficacy relationships were established. SAR408701 toxicity was evaluated in cynomolgus monkey. RESULTS SAR408701 bound selectively to human and cynomolgus monkey CEACAM5 with similar apparent Kd values (0.017 nmol/L and 0.024 nmol/L, respectively). Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations showed that SAR408701 has cytotoxic activity, leading to in vivo efficacy in single and repeated dosing. Single doses of SAR408701 induced significant increases in the tumor expression of phosphorylated histone H3, confirming the tubulin-targeting mechanism of action. The overall toxicity profile of SAR408701 in cynomolgus monkey was similar to that observed after intravenous administration of DM4 alone. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these preclinical data, the ADC SAR408701 is a promising candidate for development as a potential treatment for patients with CEACAM5-positive tumors.
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Burke JM, Morschhauser F, Andorsky D, Lee C, Sharman JP. Antibody-drug conjugates for previously treated aggressive lymphomas: focus on polatuzumab vedotin. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1073-1083. [PMID: 32985934 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1826303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are immunoconjugates and comprise a monoclonal antibody that is chemically attached to a cytotoxic drug (or payload) via a stable chemical linker. Since the approval of the first ADC in 2000, there are now nine different approved agents and over 100 ADCs in the drug-development pipeline. AREAS COVERED This review briefly describes the ADCs approved for treatment of lymphoma and their distinguishing factors in terms of target, linker and payload. The clinical implications of the use of ADCs are also considered. Here, we focus on polatuzumab vedotin, an ADC targeted to CD79b, which is approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) who have received at least one (EU approval) or two (US approval) prior therapies and are not eligible for bone marrow transplantation. The characteristics of polatuzumab vedotin are discussed and clinical data are presented. The future of polatuzumab vedotin clinical development, and ADCs in general, are also considered. EXPERT OPINION ADCs represent a significant advance in the treatment of lymphoma. Polatuzumab vedotin has shown clinical efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in both first-line and R/R DLBCL; future studies are planned to further investigate this ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- The US Oncology Network, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers , Aurora, CO, USA
| | - F Morschhauser
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire De Lille, Université Lille , Lille, France
| | - D Andorsky
- The US Oncology Network, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers , Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Lee
- Genentech , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J P Sharman
- The US Oncology Network, Willamette Valley Cancer Institute , Springfield, OR, USA
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Biteghe FAN, Mungra N, Chalomie NET, Ndong JDLC, Engohang-Ndong J, Vignaux G, Padayachee E, Naran K, Barth S. Advances in epidermal growth factor receptor specific immunotherapy: lessons to be learned from armed antibodies. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3531-3557. [PMID: 33014289 PMCID: PMC7517958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been recognized as an important therapeutic target in oncology. It is commonly overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and is critically involved in cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This multi-dimensional role of EGFR in the progression and aggressiveness of cancer, has evolved from conventional to more targeted therapeutic approaches. With the advent of hybridoma technology and phage display techniques, the first anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (Cetuximab and Panitumumab) were developed. Due to major limitations including host immune reactions and poor tumor penetration, these antibodies were modified and used as guiding mechanisms for the specific delivery of readily available chemotherapeutic agents or plants/bacterial toxins, giving rise to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotoxins (ITs), respectively. Continued refinement of ITs led to deimmunization strategies based on depletion of B and T-cell epitopes or substitution of non-human toxins leading to a growing repertoire of human enzymes capable of inducing cell death. Similarly, the modification of classical ADCs has resulted in the first, fully recombinant versions. In this review, we discuss significant advancements in EGFR-targeting immunoconjugates, including ITs and recombinant photoactivable ADCs, which serve as a blueprint for further developments in the evolving domain of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleury Augustin Nsole Biteghe
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Jean De La Croix Ndong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Engohang-Ndong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Tuscarawas, New Philadelphia, OH, USA
| | | | - Eden Padayachee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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Antibody-Based Immunotherapy: Alternative Approaches for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090327. [PMID: 32899183 PMCID: PMC7555584 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer and is associated with the highest mortality. Where melanoma is mostly unresponsive to conventional therapies (e.g., chemotherapy), BRAF inhibitor treatment has shown improved therapeutic outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on a light-activated compound to produce death-inducing amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Their capacity to selectively accumulate in tumor cells has been confirmed in melanoma treatment with some encouraging results. However, this treatment approach has not reached clinical fruition for melanoma due to major limitations associated with the development of resistance and subsequent side effects. These adverse effects might be bypassed by immunotherapy in the form of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) relying on the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to target specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and to be used as carriers to specifically deliver cytotoxic warheads into corresponding tumor cells. Of late, the continued refinement of ADC therapeutic efficacy has given rise to photoimmunotherapy (PIT) (a light-sensitive compound conjugated to mAbs), which by virtue of requiring light activation only exerts its toxic effect on light-irradiated cells. As such, this review aims to highlight the potential clinical benefits of various armed antibody-based immunotherapies, including PDT, as alternative approaches for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Lapidoth G, Parker J, Prilusky J, Fleishman SJ. AbPredict 2: a server for accurate and unstrained structure prediction of antibody variable domains. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:1591-1593. [PMID: 30951584 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Methods for antibody structure prediction rely on sequence homology to experimentally determined structures. Resulting models may be accurate but are often stereochemically strained, limiting their usefulness in modeling and design workflows. We present the AbPredict 2 web-server, which instead of using sequence homology, conducts a Monte Carlo-based search for low-energy combinations of backbone conformations to yield accurate and unstrained antibody structures. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION We introduce several important improvements over the previous AbPredict implementation: (i) backbones and sidechains are now modeled using ideal bond lengths and angles, substantially reducing stereochemical strain, (ii) sampling of the rigid-body orientation at the light-heavy chain interface is improved, increasing model accuracy and (iii) runtime is reduced 20-fold without compromising accuracy, enabling the implementation of AbPredict 2 as a fully automated web-server (http://abpredict.weizmann.ac.il). Accurate and unstrained antibody model structures may in some cases obviate the need for experimental structures in antibody optimization workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Lapidoth
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jake Parker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jaime Prilusky
- Bioinformatics & Biological Computing Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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22
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Borths CJ, Walker SD. Accelerating Pharmaceutical Development via Metal‐Mediated Bond Formation. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn D. Walker
- Development OperationsJohnson Matthey Inc. 25 Patton Road Devens MA USA 01434
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23
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Shemesh CS, Agarwal P, Lu T, Lee C, Dere RC, Li X, Li C, Jin JY, Girish S, Miles D, Lu D. Pharmacokinetics of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with R/G-CHP in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:831-842. [PMID: 32222808 PMCID: PMC7188703 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The phase Ib/II open-label study (NCT01992653) evaluated the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin (pola) plus rituximab/obinutuzumab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R/G-CHP) as first-line therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). We report the pharmacokinetics (PK) and drug–drug interaction (DDI) for pola. Methods Six or eight cycles of pola 1.0–1.8 mg/kg were administered intravenously every 3 weeks (q3w) with R/G-CHP. Exposures of pola [including antibody-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (acMMAE) and unconjugated MMAE] and R/G-CHP were assessed by non-compartmental analysis and/or descriptive statistics with cross-cycle comparisons to cycle 1 and/or after multiple cycles. Pola was evaluated as a potential victim and perpetrator of a PK drug–drug interaction with R/G-CHP. Population PK (popPK) analysis assessed the impact of prior treatment status (naïve vs. relapsed/refractory) on pola PK. Results Pola PK was similar between treatment arms and independent of line of therapy. Pola PK was dose proportional from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/kg with R/G-CHP. Geometric mean volume of distribution and clearance of acMMAE ranged from 57.3 to 95.6 mL/kg and 12.7 to 18.2 mL/kg/day, respectively. acMMAE exhibited multi-exponential decay (elimination half-life ~ 1 week). Unconjugated MMAE exhibited formation rate-limited kinetics. Exposures of pola with R/G-CHP were similar to those in the absence of CHP; exposures of R/G-CHP in the presence of pola were comparable to those in the absence of pola. Conclusions Pola PK was well characterized with no clinically meaningful DDIs with R/G-CHP. Findings are consistent with previous studies of pola + R/G, and support pola + R/G-CHP use in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00280-020-04054-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravenous
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacokinetics
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacokinetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/adverse effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Monitoring/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage
- Immunoconjugates/adverse effects
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacokinetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Maximum Tolerated Dose
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prednisone/adverse effects
- Prednisone/pharmacokinetics
- Rituximab/administration & dosage
- Rituximab/adverse effects
- Rituximab/pharmacokinetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/adverse effects
- Vincristine/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby S Shemesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Priya Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Calvin Lee
- Clinical Science, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Randall C Dere
- Bioanalytical Science, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chunze Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jin Y Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sandhya Girish
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Dale Miles
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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Bashraheel SS, Domling A, Goda SK. Update on targeted cancer therapies, single or in combination, and their fine tuning for precision medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110009. [PMID: 32106381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, patients who have the same type and stage of cancer all receive the same treatment. It has been established, however, that individuals with the same disease respond differently to the same therapy. Further, each tumor undergoes genetic changes that cause cancer to grow and metastasize. The changes that occur in one person's cancer may not occur in others with the same cancer type. These differences also lead to different responses to treatment. Precision medicine, also known as personalized medicine, is a strategy that allows the selection of a treatment based on the patient's genetic makeup. In the case of cancer, the treatment is tailored to take into account the genetic changes that may occur in an individual's tumor. Precision medicine, therefore, could be defined in terms of the targets involved in targeted therapy. METHODS A literature search in electronic data bases using keywords "cancer targeted therapy, personalized medicine and cancer combination therapies" was conducted to include papers from 2010 to June 2019. RESULTS Recent developments in strategies of targeted cancer therapy were reported. Specifically, on the two types of targeted therapy; first, immune-based therapy such as the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immune cytokines, tumor-targeted superantigens (TTS) and ligand targeted therapeutics (LTTs). The second strategy deals with enzyme/small molecules-based therapies, such as the use of a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT). The precise targeting of the drug to the gene or protein under attack was also investigated, in other words, how precision medicine can be used to tailor treatments. CONCLUSION The conventional therapeutic paradigm for cancer and other diseases has focused on a single type of intervention for all patients. However, a large literature in oncology supports the therapeutic benefits of a precision medicine approach to therapy as well as combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Bashraheel
- Protein Engineering Unit, Life and Science Research Department, Anti-Doping Lab-Qatar (ADLQ), Doha, Qatar; Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Domling
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sayed K Goda
- Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Giza, Egypt.
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Vainshtein I, Sun B, Roskos LK, Liang M. A novel approach to assess domain specificity of anti-drug antibodies to moxetumomab pasudotox, an immunotoxin with two functional domains. J Immunol Methods 2020; 477:112688. [PMID: 31676342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are potentially immunogenic and can elicit immune response. Complex biologics, such as bispecific antibodies or multi-domain molecules can induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA) with specificity to different domains. Domain specific ADAs may differently affect drug efficacy and safety, and thus, characterization of ADA domain specificity has become a regulatory expectation for multi-domain biologics. Unlike well-established methods for screening, confirmation, titer and neutralizing ADA detection, characterization of ADA domain specificity is an emerging field. The conventional approach for determination of ADA domain specificity is a competitive inhibition with domain-containing molecules. When developing a conventional domain specificity assay for moxetumomab pasudotox, a recombinant anti-CD22 immunotoxin, comprised of two functional domains (CD22-binding fragment and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38), we encountered a bioanalytical challenge. The method was able to detect immunodominant anti-PE38 (ADA-PE) but generated false negative results for low abundant CD22-binding domain ADA (ADA-BD) in a polyclonal sample. Troubleshooting experiments using control samples with varying levels of each ADA subtype demonstrated that a major factor for successful ADA identification was the ratio of the ADA signals contributed by each ADA subtype. To overcome this unique bioanalytical challenge, we developed a novel approach, which ensures detection of a domain-specific ADA subtype regardless of its relative level in a polyclonal ADA sample by evaluating signal inhibition by a respective domain-containing molecule at the condition when signals from all other ADAs are fully blocked. The method has been used for characterization of ADA domain specificity in moxetumomab pasudotox clinical trials, including study 1053, the pivotal Phase III study in hairy cell leukemia patients. It allowed for successful detection of ADA-BD in the presence of immunodominant ADA-PE, enabling accurate determination of domain specificity for moxetumomab pasudotox. The results demonstrated that the method was superior than the conventional approach. The method could be applied broadly to other biologics with two or more domains when there is a need to detect a minor ADA subtype in polyclonal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Vainshtein
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Bo Sun
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lorin K Roskos
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Meina Liang
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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26
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Yang X, Xie S, Yang X, Cueva JC, Hou X, Tang Z, Yao H, Mo F, Yin S, Liu A, Lu X. Opportunities and Challenges for Antibodies against Intracellular Antigens. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7792-7806. [PMID: 31695801 PMCID: PMC6831482 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are one most significant advances in immunotherapy, the development of antibodies against disease-associated MHC-peptide complexes led to the introduction of TCR-like antibodies. TCR-like antibodies combine the recognition of intracellular proteins with the therapeutic potency and versatility of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), offering an unparalleled opportunity to expand the repertoire of therapeutic antibodies available to treat diseases like cancer. This review details the current state of TCR-like antibodies and describes their production, mechanisms as well as their applications. In addition, it presents an insight on the challenges that they must overcome in order to become commercially and clinically validated.
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27
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Yu B, Liu D. Antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:94. [PMID: 31500657 PMCID: PMC6734251 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) represent a distinct family of chemoimmunotherapy agents. ADCs are composed of monoclonal antibodies conjugated to cytotoxic payloads via specialized chemical linkers. ADCs therefore combine the immune therapy with targeted chemotherapy. Due to the distinct biomarkers associated with lymphocytes and plasma cells, ADCs have emerged as a promising treatment option for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma. Several ADCs have been approved for clinical applications: brentuximab vedotin, inotuzumab ozogamicin, moxetumomab pasudotox, and polatuzumab vedotin. More novel ADCs are under clinical development. In this article, we summarized the general principles for ADC design, and updated novel ADCs under various stages of clinical trials for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY USA
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28
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White JB, Fleming R, Masterson L, Ruddle BT, Zhong H, Fazenbaker C, Strout P, Rosenthal K, Reed M, Muniz-Medina V, Howard P, Dixit R, Wu H, Hinrichs MJ, Gao C, Dimasi N. Design and characterization of homogenous antibody-drug conjugates with a drug-to-antibody ratio of one prepared using an engineered antibody and a dual-maleimide pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer. MAbs 2019; 11:500-515. [PMID: 30835621 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1578611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most strategies used to prepare homogeneous site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) result in ADCs with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of two. Here, we report a disulfide re-bridging strategy to prepare homogeneous ADCs with DAR of one using a dual-maleimide pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer (SG3710) and an engineered antibody (Flexmab), which has only one intrachain disulfide bridge at the hinge. We demonstrate that SG3710 efficiently re-bridge a Flexmab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the resulting ADC was highly resistant to payload loss in serum and exhibited potent anti-tumor activity in a HER2-positive gastric carcinoma xenograft model. Moreover, this ADC was tolerated in rats at twice the dose compared to a site-specific ADC with DAR of two prepared using a single-maleimide PBD dimer (SG3249). Flexmab technologies, in combination with SG3710, provide a platform for generating site-specific homogenous PBD-based ADCs with DAR of one, which have improved biophysical properties and tolerability compared to conventional site-specific PBD-based ADCs with DAR of two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B White
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ryan Fleming
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Ben T Ruddle
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Haihong Zhong
- c Oncology Research , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Patrick Strout
- c Oncology Research , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Molly Reed
- d Biologics Safety Assessment , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Philip Howard
- b Spirogen Ltd , QMB Innovation Center , London , UK
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- d Biologics Safety Assessment , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Herren Wu
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Changshou Gao
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Nazzareno Dimasi
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
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A "Dual" Cell-Level Systems PK-PD Model to Characterize the Bystander Effect of ADC. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2465-2475. [PMID: 30790581 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we have developed a cell-level systems PK-PD model to characterize the bystander effect of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Cytotoxicity data generated following incubation of Trastuzumab-vc-MMAE in cocultures of high HER2-expressing N87 and low HER2-expressing GFP-MCF7 cells were used to build the model. Single-cell PK model for ADC was used to characterize the PK of trastuzumab-vc-MMAE and released MMAE in N87 and GFP-MCF7 cells. The 2 cell-level PK models were mechanistically integrated to mimic the coculture condition. MMAE-induced intracellular occupancy of tubulin was used to drive the efficacy of ADC, and improvement in the tubulin occupancy of GFP-MCF7 cells in the presence of N87 cells was used to drive the bystander effect of trastuzumab-vc-MMAE. The "dual" cell-level PK-PD model was able to capture the observed data reasonably well. It was found that similar and high occupancy of tubulin by MMAE was required to achieve the cytotoxic effect in each cell line. In addition, estimated model parameters suggested that ∼60% improvement in the tubulin occupancy was required to attain half of the maximum bystander killing effect by the ADC. The presented model provides foundation for in vivo systems PK-PD model to characterize and predict the bystander effect of ADCs.
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30
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Effective cancer therapy based on selective drug delivery into cells across their membrane using receptor-mediated endocytosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3015-3024. [PMID: 30031619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally. The current treatment options are insufficient, leading to unmet medical needs in cancer treatment. Off-target side effects, multidrug resistance, selective distribution to cancerous tissues, and cell membrane permeation of anti-cancer agents are critical problems to overcome. There is a method to solve these problems by using receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). It is well known that proteins such as integrin, HER2, EGFR, or other cancer biomarkers are specifically overexpressed on the surface of target cancer cells. By taking advantage of such specific receptors, payloads can be transported into cells through endocytosis using a conjugate composed of the corresponding ligands connected to the payloads by an appropriate linker. After RME, the payloads released by endosomal escape into the cytoplasm can exhibit the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), tumor-homing peptides (THPs), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are utilized as ligands in this system. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) based on RME have already been used to cure cancer. In addition to the canonical conjugate method, nanocarriers for spontaneous accumulation in cancer tissue due to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect are extensively used. In this review, I introduce the possibilities and advantages of drug design and development based on RME for the treatment of cancer.
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García-Alonso S, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. Resistance to Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2159-2165. [PMID: 29653942 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are multicomponent molecules constituted by an antibody covalently linked to a potent cytotoxic agent. ADCs combine high target specificity provided by the antibody together with strong antitumoral properties provided by the attached cytotoxic agent. At present, four ADCs have been approved and over 60 are being explored in clinical trials. Despite their effectiveness, resistance to these drugs unfortunately occurs. Efforts to understand the bases underlying such resistance are being carried out with the final purpose of counteracting them. In this review, we report described mechanisms of resistance to ADCs used in the clinic along with other potential ones that may contribute to resistance acquisition. We also discuss strategies to overcome resistance to ADCs. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2159-65. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Alonso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer-CSIC, CIBERONC and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomedicas (CRIB), Castilla La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer-CSIC, CIBERONC and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
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32
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Lee L, Lewis LD. Standing in the Shifting Sands of Molecular Targeting and Precision Medicine Is the Oasis of 21st-Century Oncology Therapeutics. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57 Suppl 10:S7-S10. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Lee
- Clinical Pharmacology; Infinity Pharmaceuticals; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth & Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon NH USA
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