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Gerds AT, Mesa R, Burke JM, Grunwald MR, Scherber R, Yu J, Hamer-Maansson J, Oh ST. P1062: A REAL-WORLD EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ELEVATED BLOOD COUNTS AND THROMBOTIC EVENTS IN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA: AN ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE REVEAL STUDY. Hemasphere 2022. [PMCID: PMC9430786 DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000847116.74895.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Shadman M, Sharman JP, Levy MY, Porter R, Zafar SF, Burke JM, Chaudhry A, Freeman B, Misleh J, Yimer HA, Cultrera JL, Guthrie TH, Kingsley E, Rao SS, Chen DY, Zhang X, Idoine A, Cohen A, Feng S, Huang J, Flinn I. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE PHASE 2 STUDY OF ZANUBRUTINIB IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUSLY TREATED B‐CELL MALIGNANCIES INTOLERANT TO IBRUTINIB AND/OR ACALABRUTINIB. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.42_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shadman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center University of Washington Clinical Research Division Seattle, Washington USA
| | - J. P. Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and Research Center Clinical Research Division Eugene USA
| | - M. Y. Levy
- Texas Oncology‐Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center Hematology Dallas USA
| | - R. Porter
- SSM Health Dean Medical Group Hematology Madison USA
| | - S. F. Zafar
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute Oncology Fort Myers USA
| | - J. M. Burke
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers Oncology Aurora Colorado USA
| | | | - B. Freeman
- Summit Medical Group Oncology Florham Park USA
| | - J. Misleh
- Medical Oncology Hematology Consultants PA Hematology Newark USA
| | | | - J. L. Cultrera
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute Oncology Leesburg USA
| | | | - E. Kingsley
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada Oncology Las Vegas USA
| | - S. S. Rao
- Alpha Med Physicians Group Oncology & Hematology Tinley Park USA
| | - D. Y. Chen
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co. Ltd. Beijing, China and BeiGene USA, Inc. Hematology San Mateo USA
| | - X. Zhang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co. Ltd. Beijing, China and BeiGene USA, Inc. Hematology San Mateo USA
| | - A. Idoine
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co. Ltd. Beijing, China and BeiGene USA, Inc. Hematology San Mateo USA
| | - A. Cohen
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co. Ltd. Beijing, China and BeiGene USA, Inc. Hematology San Mateo USA
| | - S. Feng
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co. Ltd. Beijing, China and BeiGene USA, Inc. Hematology San Mateo USA
| | - J. Huang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co. Ltd. Beijing, China and BeiGene USA, Inc. Hematology San Mateo USA
| | - I. Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology Oncology Nashville USA
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Burke JM, Morschhauser F, Andorsky D, Lee C, Sharman JP. Antibody-drug conjugates for previously treated aggressive lymphomas: focus on polatuzumab vedotin. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1073-1083. [PMID: 32985934 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1826303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are immunoconjugates and comprise a monoclonal antibody that is chemically attached to a cytotoxic drug (or payload) via a stable chemical linker. Since the approval of the first ADC in 2000, there are now nine different approved agents and over 100 ADCs in the drug-development pipeline. AREAS COVERED This review briefly describes the ADCs approved for treatment of lymphoma and their distinguishing factors in terms of target, linker and payload. The clinical implications of the use of ADCs are also considered. Here, we focus on polatuzumab vedotin, an ADC targeted to CD79b, which is approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) who have received at least one (EU approval) or two (US approval) prior therapies and are not eligible for bone marrow transplantation. The characteristics of polatuzumab vedotin are discussed and clinical data are presented. The future of polatuzumab vedotin clinical development, and ADCs in general, are also considered. EXPERT OPINION ADCs represent a significant advance in the treatment of lymphoma. Polatuzumab vedotin has shown clinical efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in both first-line and R/R DLBCL; future studies are planned to further investigate this ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- The US Oncology Network, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers , Aurora, CO, USA
| | - F Morschhauser
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire De Lille, Université Lille , Lille, France
| | - D Andorsky
- The US Oncology Network, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers , Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Lee
- Genentech , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J P Sharman
- The US Oncology Network, Willamette Valley Cancer Institute , Springfield, OR, USA
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Apgar JF, Tang JP, Singh P, Balasubramanian N, Burke JM, Hodges MR, Lasaro MA, Lin L, Millard BL, Moore K, Jun LS, Sobolov S, Wilkins AK, Gao X. CORRIGENDUM: Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of hUGT1A1‐modRNA Encoding for the UGT1A1 Enzyme to Treat Crigler‐Najjar Syndrome Type 1. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2020; 9:185. [PMID: 32187857 PMCID: PMC7080543 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Becker GM, Davenport KM, Burke JM, Lewis RM, Miller JE, Morgan JLM, Notter DR, Murdoch BM. Genome-wide association study to identify genetic loci associated with gastrointestinal nematode resistance in Katahdin sheep. Anim Genet 2020; 51:330-335. [PMID: 31900974 PMCID: PMC7064973 DOI: 10.1111/age.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes has previously been shown to be a moderately heritable trait in some breeds of sheep, but the mechanisms of resistance are not well understood. Selection for resistance currently relies upon faecal egg counts (FEC), blood packed cell volumes and FAMACHA visual indicator scores of anaemia. Identifying genomic markers associated with disease resistance would potentially improve the selection process and provide a more reliable means of classifying and understanding the biology behind resistant and susceptible sheep. A GWAS was conducted to identify possible genetic loci associated with resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Katahdin sheep. Forty animals were selected from the top and bottom 10% of estimated breeding values for FEC from a total pool of 641 sires and ram lambs. Samples were genotyped using Applied Biosystems™ Axiom™ Ovine Genotyping Array (50K) consisting of 51 572 SNPs. Following quality control, 46 268 SNPs were included in subsequent analyses. Analyses were conducted using a linear regression model in plink v1.90 and a single‐locus mixed model in snp and variation suite. Genome‐wide significance was determined by a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Using linear regression, loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 16, 23 and 24 were significantly associated at the genome level with FEC estimated breeding values, and we identified a region on chromosome 2 that was significant using both statistical analyses. We suggest a potential role for the gene DIS3L2 for gastrointestinal nematode resistance in Katahdin sheep, although further research is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Becker
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - K M Davenport
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - J M Burke
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, 72927, USA
| | - R M Lewis
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - J E Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - J L M Morgan
- Katahdin Hair Sheep International, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - B M Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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Mullane KM, Morrison VA, Camacho LH, Arvin A, McNeil SA, Durrand J, Campbell B, Su SC, Chan ISF, Parrino J, Kaplan SS, Popmihajlov Z, Annunziato PW, Cerana S, Dictar MO, Bonvehi P, Tregnaghi JP, Fein L, Ashley D, Singh M, Hayes T, Playford G, Morrissey O, Thaler J, Kuehr T, Greil R, Pecherstorfer M, Duck L, Van Eygen K, Aoun M, De Prijck B, Franke FA, Barrios CHE, Mendes AVA, Serrano SV, Garcia RF, Moore F, Camargo JFC, Pires LA, Alves RS, Radinov A, Oreshkov K, Minchev V, Hubenova AI, Koynova T, Ivanov I, Rabotilova B, Minchev V, Petrov PA, Chilingirov P, Karanikolov S, Raynov J, Grimard D, McNeil S, Kumar D, Larratt LM, Weiss K, Delage R, Diaz-Mitoma FJ, Cano PO, Couture F, Carvajal P, Yepes A, Torres Ulloa R, Fardella P, Caglevic C, Rojas C, Orellana E, Gonzalez P, Acevedo A, Galvez KM, Gonzalez ME, Franco S, Restrepo JG, Rojas CA, Bonilla C, Florez LE, Ospina AV, Manneh R, Zorica R, Vrdoljak DV, Samarzija M, Petruzelka L, Vydra J, Mayer J, Cibula D, Prausova J, Paulson G, Ontaneda M, Palk K, Vahlberg A, Rooneem R, Galtier F, Postil D, Lucht F, Laine F, Launay O, Laurichesse H, Duval X, Cornely OA, Camerer B, Panse J, Zaiss M, Derigs HG, Menzel H, Verbeek M, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D, Anagnostopoulos A, Terpos E, Cortes D, Umanzor J, Bejarano S, Galeano RW, Wong RSM, Hui P, Pedrazzoli P, Ruggeri L, Aversa F, Bosi A, Gentile G, Rambaldi A, Contu A, Marei L, Abbadi A, Hayajneh W, Kattan J, Farhat F, Chahine G, Rutkauskiene J, Marfil Rivera LJ, Lopez Chuken YA, Franco Villarreal H, Lopez Hernandez J, Blacklock H, Lopez RI, Alvarez R, Gomez AM, Quintana TS, Moreno Larrea MDC, Zorrilla SJ, Alarcon E, Samanez FCA, Caguioa PB, Tiangco BJ, Mora EM, Betancourt-Garcia RD, Hallman-Navarro D, Feliciano-Lopez LJ, Velez-Cortes HA, Cabanillas F, Ganea DE, Ciuleanu TE, Ghizdavescu DG, Miron L, Cebotaru CL, Cainap CI, Anghel R, Dvorkin MV, Gladkov OA, Fadeeva NV, Kuzmin AA, Lipatov ON, Zbarskaya II, Akhmetzyanov FS, Litvinov IV, Afanasyev BV, Cherenkova M, Lioznov D, Lisukov IA, Smirnova YA, Kolomietz S, Halawani H, Goh YT, Drgona L, Chudej J, Matejkova M, Reckova M, Rapoport BL, Szpak WM, Malan DR, Jonas N, Jung CW, Lee DG, Yoon SS, Lopez Jimenez J, Duran Martinez I, Rodriguez Moreno JF, Solano Vercet C, de la Camara R, Batlle Massana M, Yeh SP, Chen CY, Chou HH, Tsai CM, Chiu CH, Siritanaratkul N, Norasetthada L, Sriuranpong V, Seetalarom K, Akan H, Dane F, Ozcan MA, Ozsan GH, Kalayoglu Besisik SF, Cagatay A, Yalcin S, Peniket A, Mullan SR, Dakhil KM, Sivarajan K, Suh JJG, Sehgal A, Marquez F, Gomez EG, Mullane MR, Skinner WL, Behrens RJ, Trevarthe DR, Mazurczak MA, Lambiase EA, Vidal CA, Anac SY, Rodrigues GA, Baltz B, Boccia R, Wertheim MS, Holladay CS, Zenk D, Fusselman W, Wade III JL, Jaslowsk AJ, Keegan J, Robinson MO, Go RS, Farnen J, Amin B, Jurgens D, Risi GF, Beatty PG, Naqvi T, Parshad S, Hansen VL, Ahmed M, Steen PD, Badarinath S, Dekker A, Scouros MA, Young DE, Graydon Harker W, Kendall SD, Citron ML, Chedid S, Posada JG, Gupta MK, Rafiyath S, Buechler-Price J, Sreenivasappa S, Chay CH, Burke JM, Young SE, Mahmood A, Kugler JW, Gerstner G, Fuloria J, Belman ND, Geller R, Nieva J, Whittenberger BP, Wong BMY, Cescon TP, Abesada-Terk G, Guarino MJ, Zweibach A, Ibrahim EN, Takahashi G, Garrison MA, Mowat RB, Choi BS, Oliff IA, Singh J, Guter KA, Ayrons K, Rowland KM, Noga SJ, Rao SB, Columbie A, Nualart MT, Cecchi GR, Campos LT, Mohebtash M, Flores MR, Rothstein-Rubin R, O'Connor BM, Soori G, Knapp M, Miranda FG, Goodgame BW, Kassem M, Belani R, Sharma S, Ortiz T, Sonneborn HL, Markowitz AB, Wilbur D, Meiri E, Koo VS, Jhangiani HS, Wong L, Sanani S, Lawrence SJ, Jones CM, Murray C, Papageorgiou C, Gurtler JS, Ascensao JL, Seetalarom K, Venigalla ML, D'Andrea M, De Las Casas C, Haile DJ, Qazi FU, Santander JL, Thomas MR, Rao VP, Craig M, Garg RJ, Robles R, Lyons RM, Stegemoller RK, Goel S, Garg S, Lowry P, Lynch C, Lash B, Repka T, Baker J, Goueli BS, Campbell TC, Van Echo DA, Lee YJ, Reyes EA, Senecal FM, Donnelly G, Byeff P, Weiss R, Reid T, Roeland E, Goel A, Prow DM, Brandt DS, Kaplan HG, Payne JE, Boeckh MG, Rosen PJ, Mena RR, Khan R, Betts RF, Sharp SA, Morrison VA, Fitz-Patrick D, Congdon J, Erickson N, Abbasi R, Henderson S, Mehdi A, Wos EJ, Rehmus E, Beltzer L, Tamayo RA, Mahmood T, Reboli AC, Moore A, Brown JM, Cruz J, Quick DP, Potz JL, Kotz KW, Hutchins M, Chowhan NM, Devabhaktuni YD, Braly P, Berenguer RA, Shambaugh SC, O'Rourke TJ, Conkright WA, Winkler CF, Addo FEK, Duic JP, High KP, Kutner ME, Collins R, Carrizosa DR, Perry DJ, Kailath E, Rosen N, Sotolongo R, Shoham S, Chen T. Safety and efficacy of inactivated varicella zoster virus vaccine in immunocompromised patients with malignancies: a two-arm, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019; 19:1001-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Moehler M, Heo J, Lee HC, Tak WY, Chao Y, Paik SW, Yim HJ, Byun KS, Baron A, Ungerechts G, Jonker D, Ruo L, Cho M, Kaubisch A, Wege H, Merle P, Ebert O, Habersetzer F, Blanc JF, Rosmorduc O, Lencioni R, Patt R, Leen AM, Foerster F, Homerin M, Stojkowitz N, Lusky M, Limacher JM, Hennequi M, Gaspar N, McFadden B, De Silva N, Shen D, Pelusio A, Kirn DH, Breitbach CJ, Burke JM. Vaccinia-based oncolytic immunotherapy Pexastimogene Devacirepvec in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib failure: a randomized multicenter Phase IIb trial (TRAVERSE). Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1615817. [PMID: 31413923 PMCID: PMC6682346 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1615817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) is a vaccinia virus-based oncolytic immunotherapy designed to preferentially replicate in and destroy tumor cells while stimulating anti-tumor immunity by expressing GM-CSF. An earlier randomized Phase IIa trial in predominantly sorafenib-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit. This randomized, open-label Phase IIb trial investigated whether Pexa-Vec plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) improved OS over BSC alone in HCC patients who failed sorafenib therapy (TRAVERSE). 129 patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to Pexa-Vec plus BSC vs. BSC alone. Pexa-Vec was given as a single intravenous (IV) infusion followed by up to 5 IT injections. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP) and safety. A high drop-out rate in the control arm (63%) confounded assessment of response-based endpoints. Median OS (ITT) for Pexa-Vec plus BSC vs. BSC alone was 4.2 and 4.4 months, respectively (HR, 1.19, 95% CI: 0.78–1.80; p = .428). There was no difference between the two treatment arms in RR or TTP. Pexa-Vec was generally well-tolerated. The most frequent Grade 3 included pyrexia (8%) and hypotension (8%). Induction of immune responses to vaccinia antigens and HCC associated antigens were observed. Despite a tolerable safety profile and induction of T cell responses, Pexa-Vec did not improve OS as second-line therapy after sorafenib failure. The true potential of oncolytic viruses may lie in the treatment of patients with earlier disease stages which should be addressed in future studies. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01387555
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moehler
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Heo
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - H C Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic ofKorea
| | - W Y Tak
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Chao
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea UniversityCollege of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Baron
- Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G Ungerechts
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L Ruo
- Department of Surgery, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kaubisch
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Wege
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Merle
- Hepatology Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - O Ebert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - F Habersetzer
- Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, INSERM 1110, IHU de Strasbourg and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J F Blanc
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - R Lencioni
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Patt
- Rad-MD, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M Leen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Foerster
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Homerin
- Medical Affairs, Transgene S.A., Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - N Stojkowitz
- Clinical Operations, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - M Lusky
- Program Management, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - J M Limacher
- Medical Affairs, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - M Hennequi
- Biostatistics, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - N Gaspar
- Clinical Assays, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B McFadden
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N De Silva
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Shen
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Pelusio
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D H Kirn
- SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J M Burke
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ngere L, Burke JM, Morgan JLM, Miller JE, Notter DR. Genetic parameters for fecal egg counts and their relationship with body weights in Katahdin lambs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1590-1599. [PMID: 29635633 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliance on anthelmintic drugs to control internal parasites in sheep is no longer sustainable because of the development of resistance to these drugs in parasite populations. Genetic selection may offer an alternative long-term solution, as differences in parasite resistance exist both within and among sheep breeds. However, selection for parasite resistance may have correlated effects on other production traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for weaning (WFEC) and postweaning (PWFEC) fecal egg counts (FEC) and assess their relationship with birth (BWT), weaning (WWT), and postweaning (PWWT) BW in Katahdin lambs. The study used WFEC (n = 2,537), PWFEC (n = 3.421), BWT (n = 12,869), WWT (n = 10,961), and PWWT (n = 7,812) from 12,869 lambs measured between 2003 and 2015 in 13 flocks enrolled in the U.S. National Sheep Improvement Program. Animal and sire models were fitted to the data using the ASReml statistical package. Records were corrected for fixed effects of dam age, joint effect of type of birth and rearing, and management group (defined by joint effects of flock, sex, and birth year and season); lamb age in days at each measurement time was fitted as a covariate. Maternal additive and maternal permanent environmental effects were not significant (P > 0.05), but litter effects influenced (P < 0.01) both WFEC and PWFEC. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.18 to 0.26 for WFEC and 0.23 to 0.46 for PWFEC, depending on the model used. Heritability estimates from sire models were higher than estimates from animal models. Direct additive, litter, residual, and phenotypic correlations between WFEC and PWFEC were 0.82, 0.25, 0.15, and 0.29, respectively. Bivariate analyses revealed low to moderate correlations between BW and FEC. Moderate heritabilities for FEC in this study indicated that genetic progress for this trait can be achieved in Katahdin lambs and that selection for low FEC should have little or no effect on BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ngere
- ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center, Booneville, AR.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - J M Burke
- ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center, Booneville, AR
| | - J L M Morgan
- Katahdin Hair Sheep International, Fayetteville, AR
| | - J E Miller
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Ngere L, Burke JM, Miller JE, Morgan JLM, Notter DR. 131 Genetic Parameters for Ewe Reproductive Performance and Peri-Parturient Fecal Egg Counts and Their Genetic Relationships with Lamb Body Weights and Fecal Egg Counts in Katahdin Sheep. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Ngere
- USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | | | - J E Miller
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - J L M Morgan
- Round Mountain Consulting Service, Fayetteville, AR
- Katahdin Hair Sheep Int, Fayetteville, AR
| | - D R Notter
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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France MM, Kelly VE, Miller JE, Burke JM, McKenzie KM. 133 Efficacy of Compound X (Bedoukian Research, Inc.) on Reducing Fecal Egg Count in Lambs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M M France
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - V E Kelly
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - J E Miller
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Burke JM, Pickett AT, Howell BS, Wood EL, Acharya M, Miller JE. 134 Examining Relationships between Production and Gastrointestinal Nematode (GIN) Measures in Organic and Conventionally Reared Katahdin Lambs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A T Pickett
- USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR
- Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia, AR
| | - B S Howell
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
- Oakridge Institute for Science and Education, Oakridge, TN
| | | | - M Acharya
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - J E Miller
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Ngere L, Burke JM, Notter DR, Morgan JLM. Variance components for direct and maternal effects on body weights of Katahdin lambs. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3396-3405. [PMID: 28805892 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for BW in Katahdin lambs. Six animal models were used to study direct and maternal effects on birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), and postweaning weight (PWWT) using 41,066 BWT, 33,980 WWT, and 22,793 PWWT records collected over 17 yr in 100 flocks. Models included fixed effects of management group, dam age, type of birth (for BWT) or birth and rearing (for WWT and PWWT), and lamb age at weighing (fitted as a covariate for WWT and PWWT; all < 0.05). Variance components for random effects were estimated in sequentially more complex models and tested for significance with likelihood-ratio tests. A model that fitted only an additive animal effect overestimated additive variance for all BW, resulting in larger estimates of direct heritability than models that included maternal effects. Maternal effects explained variation ( < 0.05) in all BW. Heritability estimates for optimal models were 0.15 ± 0.01 for BWT, 0.18 ± 0.02 for WWT, and 0.20 ± 0.02 for PWWT. Estimates of maternal heritabilities were 0.14 for BWT, 0.10 for WWT, and 0.06 for PWWT, with SE = 0.01. Permanent environmental maternal effects explained 4 to 6% (±1%) of total phenotypic variances for these BW. Litter effects included temporary environmental effects common to littermates and a proportion of the dominance genetic variance and accounted for 16 to 19% (±1%) of phenotypic variance. Correlations between additive direct and maternal genetic effects were -0.14 for BWT, -0.23 for WWT, and -0.04 for PWWT but differed from 0 ( < 0.05) only for WWT. The total heritability predicted the total response in direct and maternal genetic effects from mass selection and was 0.23 for BWT, 0.20 for WWT, and 0.23 for PWWT. Direct and maternal additive, maternal permanent environmental, residual, and phenotypic correlations between BWT and WWT were 0.53 ± 0.05, 0.58 ± 0.06, 0.51 ± 0.06, 0.39 ± 0.01, and 0.44 ± 0.01, respectively; those between BWT and PWWT were 0.45 ± 0.06, 0.58 ± 0.08, 0.36 ± 0.08, 0.33 ± 0.01, and 0.37 ± 0.01 respectively; and those between WWT and PWWT were 0.85, 0.99, 0.92, 0.77, and 0.81, respectively, with SE ≤ 0.02. Therefore, both direct and maternal effects had an important impact on BW in Katahdin lambs. Models that included both additive and permanent environmental maternal effects as well as a temporary environmental litter effect should result in more accurate estimates of breeding values and better selection decisions.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorectal manometry is the most commonly performed investigation for assessment of anorectal dysfunction. Findings from previous studies comparing water-perfused (WP) and solid-state (SS) techniques in the anorectum are conflicting. We compared anal sphincter pressure at rest and during dynamic maneuvers (squeezing and coughing) in healthy volunteers using SS and WP high-resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM) employing equivalent catheter configurations, a standardized protocol, and identical data acquisition and analysis software. METHODS Sixty healthy volunteers (40F; median age: 40; range: 18-74) underwent WP and SS HR-ARM in randomized order. Anal resting pressure, and squeeze and cough increments were measured. Median pressure and 5th and 95th percentiles were calculated for each maneuver and compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Bland and Altman plots were used to assess agreement between the systems. The impact of gender and parity was also explored. KEY RESULTS Anal sphincter pressure measurements during squeeze (P<.001) and cough (P<.001) were significantly higher using SS HR-ARM than WP HR-ARM. No differences were seen at rest between the two types of catheter (nulliparous: P=.304; parous: P=.390; males: P=.167). Normal ranges for SS and WP manometry from this small group of healthy volunteers are presented. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Greater sensitivity to rapid pressure change is one of the advantages associated with SS HR-ARM. This is reflected in the differences observed during dynamic maneuvers performed during this study. Catheter type should be taken into consideration when selecting normal ranges for comparison to disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M P Rasijeff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK.,The Centre for Trauma and Surgery and GI Physiology Unit, The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Withers
- Department of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - J M Burke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - W Jackson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Physiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - S M Scott
- The Centre for Trauma and Surgery and GI Physiology Unit, The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Abstract
The FAMACHA system was introduced to the U.S. just over 10 yr ago to allow selective deworming of lambs with anemia associated with and retard the development of anthelmintic resistance. The FAMACHA system was initially developed as a predictor of packed cell volume (PCV), but correlations between FAMACHA and fecal egg counts (FEC) have also been reported. It is important to understand factors that influence FAMACHA scores among farms to improve management of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objectives of this study were therefore to quantify associations between FAMACHA scores, FEC, BW, and age in Katahdin lambs at 2 different measurement times in 8 flocks in the eastern U.S., and to assess consistency of relationships between FAMACHA and FEC among flocks. Data came from 1,644 Katahdin lambs from 7 flocks sampled at approximately 90 d of age, and 1,295 lambs from 6 flocks sampled at approximately 120 d of age over a 5 yr period. Residual correlations among log-transformed FEC (LFEC), FAMACHA scores, BW, and lamb ages at each measurement time were determined. Repeatability of each variable was also determined as residual correlations among repeated measures. At both 90 and 120 d of age, correlations of FAMACHA scores with LFEC and BW were significant ( < 0.001), but numerically modest (0.25 and -0.16, respectively at 90 d; 0.31 and -0.16, respectively at 120 d), demonstrating that higher FAMACHA scores were associated with higher FEC and more likely to be observed in lighter lambs. A small negative correlation was observed between FAMACHA score and lamb age ( = -0.05, = 0.05, 90 d; = -0.11, < 0.001, 120 d) indicating that younger lambs were more likely to have elevated FAMACHA scores. Thus, younger and lighter lambs will likely be more susceptible to parasitism and may need to be managed more diligently than older or heavier lambs. In addition, FAMACHA scores have potential to improve breeding value estimates in programs designed to genetically improve parasite resistance.
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Abstract
Selection for low fecal egg counts (FEC) can be used to genetically enhance resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in growing lambs, thereby reducing the frequency of use of anthelmintics, facilitating marketing of organic lamb, and reducing the risk of development of anthelmintic resistance by the parasite. Recording of FEC in lambs has, therefore, been incorporated into several national sheep genetic evaluation programs. Ewes in late gestation and early lactation are also vulnerable to parasite infection and commonly experience a periparturient rise in FEC. This study was designed to assess factors associated with the periparturient rise in FEC in Katahdin ewes and associated changes in FEC in their lambs. Data came from 1,487 lambings by 931 Katahdin ewes from 11 farms in the Eastern United States. Fecal egg counts were measured in ewes at approximately 0, 30, and 60 d postpartum and in their lambs at approximately 60, 90, and 120 d of age. Approximately 1,400 lambs were evaluated at each measurement age. Data were analyzed separately for ewes and lambs and also initially analyzed separately for each measurement time. Repeated-measures analyses were then used to evaluate responses across measurement times. In ewes, FEC peaked at approximately 28 d postpartum, and we concluded that informative periparturient FEC could be obtained from 1 wk before until approximately 5 wk after lambing. Yearling ewes had higher FEC than adult ewes ( < 0.01), and ewes that nursed twin or triplet lambs had higher FEC than ewes that nursed single lambs ( < 0.01). In lambs, FEC increased through approximately 120 d of age. Lambs from yearling ewes and lambs nursed in larger litters were, like their dams, at greater risk of parasitism ( < 0.05). Ewes and lambs in these groups would benefit from enhanced monitoring of parasite loads at lambing and in early lactation. Correlations () between FEC in lambs at 90 d of age and FEC in ewes at 0, 30, and 60 d postpartum of 0.05 to 0.09 ( ≤ 0.05) support the presence of a genetic relationship between these 2 indicators of parasite resistance.
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Notter DR, Burke JM, Miller JE, Morgan JLM. Association between FAMACHA scores and fecal egg counts in Katahdin lambs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Hansen C, Rorie RW. 21 EVALUATION OF SEMEN EXTENDERS FOR SHORT-TERM STORAGE OF RAM SEMEN AT 4°C. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv29n1ab21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preliminary studies found that progressive motility of ram sperm declined ~75% when stored at 4°C for 24 h, and continued to decline over time when using extenders supplemented with 5% egg yolk. The current study evaluated the effects of different combinations of extenders, ethylene glycol (EG), egg yolk, and penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine on ram sperm progressive motility during storage. Semen collected from 3 Katahdin and 2 Suffolk rams by electroejaculation was distributed across treatment combinations consisting of either TRIS citrate or milk extender supplemented with 5 or 20% (v/v) egg yolk, ± 1% ethylene glycol (EG) and ± 20 µM penicillamine, 10 µM hypotaurine and 2 µM epinephrine (PHE). For each semen collection, TRIS citrate extender was prepared from a 4× solution so that the TRIS, citric acid and fructose concentration were constant at 300, 94.7, 27.8 mM, respectively, regardless of semen dilution factor. A 4× milk extender was also used so that the extender contained 10% (w/v) milk powder, regardless of semen dilution factor. Both extenders were supplemented with 50 µg mL−1 of gentamicin. Semen was diluted in extender to a final concentration of 300 million sperm/mL in 1.5-mL tubes, and cooled to 4°C over a 2- to 3-h period. Semen was evaluated initially and daily for 3 days, using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Repeated-measures data were analysed using the mixed model (JMP 12.0 software; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for main effects of extender, supplements, and their interactions. Nonsignificant interactions were removed from the model before reanalysis. Data are presented as LSMeans ± standard errors. Initially, sperm progressive motility averaged 41 ± 6.2% across treatments. After an initial decline, overall progressive motility did not change (P > 0.05) significantly (mean of 22.3 ± 1.6 and 23.05 ± 1.3% at 48 and 72 h, respectively). Over time and across treatment combinations, mean progressive motility was maintained to a greater extent (P < 0.01) by milk than TRIS-based extender (28.2 ± 1.1 v. 18.9 ± 1.1%, respectively). Across extenders, progressive motility of sperm was similar (P = 0.50) for 5 and 20% egg yolk (22.2 ± 1.4 v. 24.4 ± 1.4). Addition of 1% EG increased (P < 0.01) progressive motility (25.8 ± 1.05 v. 21.3 ± 1.05). Addition of PHE also increased (P < 0.01) progressive motility from 20.9 ± 1.04 to 26.3 ± 1.04%. There was an interaction between EG and % egg yolk, primarily due to an effect on sperm stored in TRIS citrate extender. Addition of 1% EG to extender containing 5% egg yolk improved (P < 0.01) progressive motility from 18.5 ± 1.5 to 26.9 ± 1.5%). Addition of 1% EG to TRIS citrate extender also increased (P < 0.05) progressive motility, from 14.6 ± 1.5 to 23.2 ± 1.5%. Results indicate that milk extender supplemented with 1% EG, PHE, and either 5 or 20% egg yolk is capable of maintaining progressive motility of ram semen at ~60% of its initial value when stored at 4°C for up to 72 h. Additional studies are needed to evaluate pregnancy rate after insemination of ewes with stored semen.
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Notter DR, Burke JM, Miller JE, Morgan JLM. Factors affecting fecal egg counts in periparturient Katahdin ewes and their lambs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ngere L, Burke JM, Notter DR, Morgan JLM. Variance components for direct and maternal effects on body weights of Katahdin lambs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Burke JM, Notter DR, Miller JE. 105 Sire's Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) for Fecal Egg Count (FEC) Influences BW, FEC, and Anemia Measures of Offspring in Katahdin Sheep. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2017.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Rorie RW. 102 Affect of Ram Semen Extenders and Supplements on Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis Parameters. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2017.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ngere L, Burke JM, Notter DR, Morgan J, Miller JE. 001 Genetic Parameters for Fecal Egg Count and Body Weight in Katahdin Lambs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2017.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zareba M, Widomska J, Burke JM, Subczynski WK. Nitroxide free radicals protect macular carotenoids against chemical destruction (bleaching) during lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:446-454. [PMID: 27840316 PMCID: PMC5154825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macular xanthophylls (MXs) lutein and zeaxanthin are dietary carotenoids that are selectively concentrated in the human eye retina, where they are thought to protect against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by multiple mechanisms, including filtration of phototoxic blue light and quenching of singlet oxygen and triplet states of photosensitizers. These physical protective mechanisms require that MXs be in their intact structure. Here, we investigated the protection of the intact structure of zeaxanthin incorporated into model membranes subjected to oxidative modification by water- and/or membrane-soluble small nitroxide free radicals. Model membranes were formed from saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs). Oxidative modification involved autoxidation, iron-mediated, and singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation. The extent of chemical destruction (bleaching) of zeaxanthin was evaluated from its absorption spectra and compared with the extent of lipid peroxidation evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid assay. Nitroxide free radicals with different polarity (membrane/water partition coefficients) were used. The extent of zeaxanthin bleaching increased with membrane unsaturation and correlated with the rate of PC oxidation. Protection of the intact structure of zeaxanthin by membrane-soluble nitroxides was much stronger than that by water-soluble nitroxides. The combination of zeaxanthin and lipid-soluble nitroxides exerted strong synergistic protection against singlet oxygen-induced lipid peroxidation. The synergistic effect may be explained in terms of protection of the intact zeaxanthin structure by effective scavenging of free radicals by nitroxides, therefore allowing zeaxanthin to quench the primary oxidant, singlet oxygen, effectively by the physical protective mechanism. The redox state of nitroxides was monitored using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both nitroxide free radicals and their reduced form, hydroxylamines, were equally effective. Obtained data were compared with the protective effects of α-tocopherol, which is the natural antioxidant and protector of MXs within the retina. The new strategies employed here to maintain the intact structure of MXs may enhance their protective potential against AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zareba
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - J Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, Lublin, Poland
| | - J M Burke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - W K Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Smyth E, Ngere L, Rorie RW. 1724 Serum anti-mullerian hormone as an indicator of fertility in Katahdin ewes. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller JE, Kelly V, Burke JM. 1718 In vitro efficacy of three novel compounds on development and survival of gastrointestinal nematode larvae in feces of sheep. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Coffey KP, Kegley EB, Miller JE, Smyth E, Welborn MG, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Rosenkrans C. Changes in concentrations of trace minerals in lambs fed sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets with or without dietary sodium molybdate12. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1592-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Acharya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. M. Burke
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
| | - K. P. Coffey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - E. B. Kegley
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. E. Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - E. Smyth
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
| | - M. G. Welborn
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - T. H. Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030
| | - J. A. Mosjidis
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn 36849
| | - C. Rosenkrans
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Smyth E, Davis A, Lester TD, Rorie RW. 107 Effect of semen extender and storage temperature on ram sperm motility over time. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2015-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Riley DG, Burke JM, Chase CC, Coleman SW. Heterosis and direct effects for Charolais-sired calf weight and growth, cow weight and weight change, and ratios of cow and calf weights and weight changes across warm season lactation in Romosinuano, Angus, and F cows in Arkansas. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1-12. [PMID: 26812306 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Brahman in cow-calf production offers some adaptation to the harsh characteristics of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Criollo breeds, such as the Romosinuano, may have similar adaptation. The objectives were to estimate genetic effects in Romosinuano, Angus, and crossbred cows for their weights, weights of their calves, and ratios (calf weight:cow weight and cow weight change:calf weight gain) across lactation and to assess the influence of forage on traits and estimates. Cows ( = 91) were bred to Charolais bulls after their second parity. Calves ( = 214) were born from 2006 to 2009. Cows and calves were weighed in early (April and June), mid- (July), and late lactation (August and October). Animal was a random effect in analyses of calf data; sire was random in analyses of cow records and ratios. Fixed effects investigated included calf age, calf sex, cow age-year combinations, sire breed of cow, dam breed of cow, and interactions. Subsequent analyses evaluated the effect of forage grazed: endophyte-free or endophyte-infected tall fescue. Estimates of maternal heterosis for calf weight ranged from 9.3 ± 4.3 to 15.4 ± 5.7 kg from mid-lactation through weaning ( < 0.05). Romosinuano direct effects (of the cow) were -6.8 ± 3.0 and -8.9 ± 4.2 kg for weights recorded in April and June. Calf weights and weight gains from birth were greater ( < 0.05) for calves of cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue except in mid-summer. Cow weight change from April to each time was negative for Angus cows and lower ( < 0.05) than other groups. Cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue were heavier ( < 0.05) at all times but had more weight loss in late lactation. Angus cows had the lowest ( < 0.05) ratios (negative) of cow weight change:calf weight gain, indicating an energy-deficit condition. Cows grazing endophyte-free tall fescue had more negative ( < 0.05) values for this trait but not in early lactation ( < 0.05). Estimates of heterosis ranged from 12.8 ± 9.5 to 28.6 ± 9.4 kg for cow weight, 7.9 ± 3.0 to 15.8 ± 5.0 kg for cow weight change, and 0.07 ± 0.03 to 0.27 ± 0.1 for cow weight change:calf weight gain. Direct Romosinuano effects ranged from 14.8 ± 4.2 to 49.8 ± 7.7 kg for cow weight change and 0.2 ± 0.04 to 0.51 ± 0.14 for cow weight change:calf weight gain. The adaptive ability of Romosinuano in temperate fescue regions may be favorable with respect to relative cow and calf weight but may be a consequence of lower milk-producing ability.
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Burke JM, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Smyth E, Acharya M. Examination of commercially available copper oxide wire particles in combination with albendazole for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Vet Parasitol 2015; 215:1-4. [PMID: 26790729 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remains a critical issue due to the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance. The objective of the experiment was to determine the efficacy of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) from three commercial sources and a combination of COWP and albendazole to control GIN and/or Haemonchus contortus in lambs. Naturally infected Katahdin lambs in early June 2014 and 2015 were randomly assigned to receive no COWP (CON; n=9 and 12) or 2g COWP in a gel capsule as Copasure(®) (COP; n=4 and 17; Animax Ltd.), copper oxide-wire form (AUS; n=7 in 2014 only; Pharmplex), Ultracruz™ (ULT; n=8 and 15; Santa Cruz Animal Health™), no COWP and albendazole (CON+alb; n=10 in 2015 only; 15mg/kg BW; Valbazen(®); Zoetis Animal Health), or COWP+alb (n=7 and 11; in 2014, lambs were administered alb on day 3). Lambs grazed grass pastures as a group and were supplemented with 227g/lamb daily of a commercial grain mix (15% crude protein) and the same amount of alfalfa pellets. Feces were collected on days 0 (day of COWP treatment), 7, and 14 for determination of fecal egg counts (FEC). Pooled (2014) or pooled treatment group feces were cultured on days 0, 7, and 14 (2015 only) to determine GIN genera. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in a mixed model, and FEC were log transformed. The predominant GIN on day 0 was H. contortus (87%) in 2014, and there was a mixed population in 2015. The mean FEC was reduced by day 7 in AUS and ULT lambs (treatment×day, P=0.001), and all of the COWP products were similar. By day 14, the AUS FEC were lower than the CON and COP groups. When examining the combination of COWP and synthetic anthelmintic, the FEC of COWP+alb were reduced to nearly 0eggs/g (back-transformed) and lower than the other groups (treatment×day, P=0.001). The percentage of H. contortus in cultured feces was reduced to a greater extent in the COWP than CON or CON+alb groups of lambs. In a mixed GIN population, the COWP products appeared to be similar in efficacy and using a combination of COWP+alb increased the efficacy not only against H. contortus, but all GIN genera present, offering options in the face of resistance to benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
| | - J E Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Departments of Animal Science and Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - E Smyth
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA
| | - M Acharya
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72702, USA
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Coffey KP, Kegley EB, Miller JE, Huff GR, Smyth E, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Rosenkrans C. Changes in hematology, serum biochemistry, and gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs fed sericea lespedeza with or without dietary sodium molybdate1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1952-61. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Acharya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. M. Burke
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
| | - K. P. Coffey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - E. B. Kegley
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. E. Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - G. R. Huff
- USDA, ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - E. Smyth
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
| | - T. H. Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030
| | - J. A. Mosjidis
- Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - C. Rosenkrans
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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Mandel JR, Dechaine JM, Marek LF, Burke JM. Genetic diversity and population structure in cultivated sunflower and a comparison to its wild progenitor, Helianthus annuus L. Theor Appl Genet 2011; 123:693-704. [PMID: 21638000 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crop germplasm collections are valuable resources for ongoing plant breeding efforts. To fully utilize such collections, however, researchers need detailed information about the amount and distribution of genetic diversity present within collections. Here, we report the results of a population genetic analysis of the primary gene pool of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) based on a broad sampling of 433 cultivated accessions from North America and Europe, as well as a range-wide collection of 24 wild sunflower populations. Gene diversity across the cultivars was 0.47, as compared with 0.70 in the wilds, indicating that cultivated sunflower harbors roughly two-thirds of the total genetic diversity present in wild sunflower. Population structure analyses revealed that wild sunflower can be subdivided into four genetically distinct population clusters throughout its North American range, whereas the cultivated sunflower gene pool could be split into two main clusters separating restorer lines from the balance of the gene pool. Use of a maximum likelihood method to estimate the contribution of the wild gene pool to the cultivated sunflower germplasm revealed that the bulk of the cultivar diversity is derived from two wild sunflower population genetic clusters that are primarily composed of individuals from the east-central United States, the same general region in which sunflower domestication is believed to have occurred. We also identified a nested subset of accessions that capture as much of the allelic diversity present within the sampled cultivated sunflower germplasm collection as possible. At the high end, a core set of 288 captured nearly 90% of the alleles present in the full set of 433, whereas a core set of just 12 accessions was sufficient to capture nearly 50% of the total allelic diversity present within this sample of cultivated sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Mandel
- Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Fleming MT, Pond GR, Armstrong AJ, Wood BA, Brookes M, Leopold LH, Matveev VB, Burke JM, Caton JR, Sonpavde G. Ability of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) changes to complement PSA changes and predict survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving docetaxel and prednisone (DP). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sonpavde G, Matveev VB, Burke JM, Caton JR, Fleming MT, Karlov PA, Holmlund J, Wood BA, Brookes M, Leopold LH. A randomized, double-blind phase II trial of docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) combined with either AT-101 or placebo for the first-line therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Burke JM, Whitley NC, Pollard DA, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Moulton KE, Mosjidis JA. Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181:345-9. [PMID: 21621921 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of three experiments was to determine the impact of supplementing sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; SL) in three concentrations in a loose or pelleted diet on gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants. Experiments on lambs were conducted at the USDA, Agricultural Research Service in Booneville, AR (Exp. 1) and at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA (Exp. 2); an experiment on goat kids occurred at University of Maryland-Eastern Shore (Exp. 3). Exp. 1 used crossbred hair sheep lambs naturally infected with GIN that were randomly allocated to diets containing 0, 25, 50, and 75% SL diets (n=11 or 12/diet). Exp. 2 consisted of Haemonchus contortus-inoculated crossbred wool breed lambs that were blocked by gender and FEC and randomly assigned to 0, 25, 50, or 75% SL diet (n=8/diet). Fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were not influenced by SL supplementation in Exp. 1 and 2. Exp. 3 consisted of naturally GIN infected Boer crossbred goat kids in individual pens. Kids were blocked by FEC and randomly allotted to treatments of 0, 20, 40, or 60% SL with 9-13 goats/diet. The more SL fed, the greater the reduction in FEC (P<0.001). There was an increase in PCV in SL fed goats (P<0.001). Larval speciation at the end of the experiment indicated that feces from control animals produced 43% H. contortus larva while 20, 40 and 60% SL resulted in 39%, 35% and 31% H. contortus larvae, respectively. Feeding dried SL may be less effective in lambs than kids, though concurrent studies must be conducted to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Olsen MR, Hudes GR, Burke JM, Edenfield WJ, Wilding G, Martell B, Hariharan S, Figlin RA. Randomized phase II multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of sunitinib on the 4/2 versus continuous dosing schedule as first-line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Renal EFFECT Trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.lba308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LBA308 Background: In a randomized phase III trial, sunitinib 50 mg/d on Schedule 4/2 (4 wk on treatment [Tx], 2 wk off) showed superior progression-free survival (primary endpoint) to IFN-α (11 vs. 5 mo; p<0.001) as first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) therapy with a median overall survival (OS) of >2 yr (Motzer 2009). Continuous dosing of sunitinib 37.5 mg has demonstrated antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile in first- and second-line mRCC (Barrios; Escudier, 2009). Methods: This randomized phase II trial compared sunitinib 50 mg/d on Schedule 4/2 (Arm A) vs. 37.5 mg continuous once-daily dosing (Arm B) in first-line mRCC. Eligible patients (pts) had clear cell locally recurrent or mRCC; measurable disease; and Karnofsky performance status ≥70%. Randomization (1:1) was stratified by MSKCC risk groups. Sunitinib was continued until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 2 yr. The primary endpoint was time to tumor progression (TTP) by Kaplan-Meier estimate. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), OS, and adverse events (AEs). Results: Between January 2007 and June 2008, 292 pts were randomized. As of October 2010, 289 pts had received sunitinib, and all pts were off therapy. Median age was 62 yr. 65% were male. By MSKCC criteria, 28%, 61%, and 11% were favorable, intermediate, and poor risk, respectively. Pts received a median 4 and 5 Tx cycles in Arms A and B, respectively; median relative dose intensity was 90.8% and 77.5%. Dose delays, reductions, and interruptions occurred in 30% vs. 13%, 36% vs. 43%, and 65% vs. 62%, respectively; 11% and 15% discontinued due to Tx-related AEs. Median TTP was 9.9 vs. 7.1 mo in Arms A and B, respectively (HR=0.773, 95.1% CI, 0.572, 1.044; p=0.090). ORR was 32.2% vs. 28.1% (p=0.444). Median OS was 23.1 vs. 23.5 mo (p=0.615). The most common Tx-related AEs were fatigue (both 62%), nausea (56% vs. 49%), and diarrhea (56% vs. 64%). Conclusions: In this randomized phase II mRCC trial, there was a trend toward inferior TTP with continuous dosing. ORR, OS, and AE profiles were similar for the approved sunitinib 50 mg/d dose on Schedule 4/2 vs. 37.5 mg continuous dosing. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Motzer
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - T. E. Hutson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. R. Olsen
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. R. Hudes
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. M. Burke
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - W. J. Edenfield
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. Wilding
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - B. Martell
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S. Hariharan
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R. A. Figlin
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Baylor Sammons Cancer Center-Texas Oncology, PA, Dallas, TX; Cancer Care Associates, Tulsa, OK; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Cancer Centers of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Pfizer Oncology, New York, NY; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Pond GR, Armstrong AJ, Wood BA, Brookes M, Leopold LH, Burke JM, Caton JR, Fleming MT, Sonpavde G. Assessment of two prognostic risk group methods to predict outcomes with docetaxel-based therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
185 Background: Threeprognosticrisk groups have been identified in men with mCRPC (good [GR]/intermediate [IR]/poor [PR]) based on 0-1, 2 or 3-4 factors (visceral disease, pain, anemia, bone scan progression). Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG)-2 defines clinical subtypes with visceral disease, bone metastases ± nodal metastases and nodal disease only. The prognostic ability of risk grouping or PCWG2 subtypes was evaluated in a large, independent phase II trial. Methods: A randomized phase IItrial of 221 men with mCRPC that received docetaxel-prednisone (DP) + AT-101 (Bcl-2 inhibitor) or DP + placebo was retrospectively analyzed using Cox regression and χ2 tests. Additional outcomes, tests and measures of discriminatory ability were assessed and will be presented. Patients from both groups were combined for analysis, as no significant differences in outcomes were observed. Results: 93, 81 and 38 men had GR, IR and PR disease. GR men were more likely than IR/PR men to be ECOG-PS 0 (48%, 27%, 21%) and had a lower median baseline PSA (63, 85, 193 ng/ml). Significant differences between risk groups were observed for progression-free survival (PFS, p=0.009) and overall survival (OS, p<0.001), while PCWG2 subtypes did not discriminate for these outcomes. Both risk groups and PCWG2 subtypes inconsistently predicted PSA declines (table). Conclusions: Prognostic risk groups significantly distinguished between outcomes in men with mCRPC receiving DP-based therapy, while PCWG2 subtypes did not. Risk groups may enhance stratification of patients in randomized trials and enable tailored drug development. Prognostic models that incorporate tumor molecular features may improve discriminatory ability. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Pond
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - A. J. Armstrong
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - B. A. Wood
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - M. Brookes
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - L. H. Leopold
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - J. M. Burke
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - J. R. Caton
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - M. T. Fleming
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - G. Sonpavde
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Sonpavde G, Matveev VB, Burke JM, Caton JR, Fleming MT, Karlov PA, Holmlund J, Wood BA, Brookes M, Leopold LH. A randomized, double-blind phase II trial of docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) combined with either AT101 or placebo for the first-line therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
125 Background: AT-101 (A), a small molecule oral inhibitor of the Bcl-2 protein family has broad preclinical activity including synergy with docetaxel (D). AT-101 has demonstrated activity alone and in combination with D in D-refractory patients with metastatic CRPC. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial was conducted to compare the combination of DP with either A or placebo in chemo-naive men with progressive metastatic CRPC. A key requirement was progression (bone scan, RECIST or rising PSA ≥ 2 ng/mL) despite androgen deprivation. Stratification factors were pain and performance status. Patients received DP (75mg/m2 day 1; 5mg PO b.i.d.) Q 21 days (1 cycle) with either A (40 mg b.i.d.) or placebo PO on days 1–3. Radiological assessments were performed every 3 cycles. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and 221 patients were planned for 110 events (80% power, HR 0.67, 1-sided alpha 0.1). Results: 221 patients were randomized to ADP or placebo-DP and baseline factors were balanced. Efficacy outcomes (OS, PFS, PSA declines, disease control) were not significantly different ( Table ). In a subgroup of patients with poor-risk CRPC (n=34), efficacy endpoints appeared to favor ADP with a median OS of 19 months vs.14 months for placebo-DP. Grade 3/4 AEs that occurred with higher incidence in the ADP arm compared to placebo-DP included cardiac AEs (5% vs. 2%), lymphopenia (23% vs. 16%), neutropenia (47% vs. 40%), ileus (2% vs. 0%) and pulmonary embolism (6% vs. 2%). Conclusions: The combination of AT-101 with DP in men with chemonaive metastatic CRPC was well tolerated but did not extend OS compared to placebo-DP. There was a potential benefit in a subset of high-risk patients. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sonpavde
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - V. B. Matveev
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - J. M. Burke
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - J. R. Caton
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - M. T. Fleming
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - P. A. Karlov
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - J. Holmlund
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - B. A. Wood
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - M. Brookes
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
| | - L. H. Leopold
- Texas Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Willamette Valley Cancer Center, Eugene, OR; US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX; Virginia Oncology Associates, Hampton, VA; St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Ascenta Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA; Ascenta Therapeutics, Malvern, PA
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Miller JE, Burke JM, Terrill TH, Kearney MT. A comparison of two integrated approaches of controlling nematode parasites in small ruminants. Vet Parasitol 2011; 178:300-10. [PMID: 21333450 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants in regions of the world where anthelmintic resistance is prevalent must rely on more than just chemical deworming strategies. The objective of this experiment was to compare two integrated treatment protocols for control of GIN (primarily Haemonchus contortus in this region) using anthelmintics, copper oxide wire particles (COWP) and FAMACHA(©), compared to traditional anthelmintic use only. Three separate trials were conducted on mature ewes, weaned goats, and weaned lambs in which three deworming management strategies were applied: 1) all animals were dewormed with levamisole at four week intervals (LEV), 2) individual animals were dewormed with moxidectin when scored≥4 (ewes) or ≥3 (kids and lambs) using FAMACHA(©) (FAM/MOX), 3) all animals were dewormed with moxidectin initially and again with COWP (2g) when group mean FEC exceeded 500 (ewes), 3000 (kids), or 1000 (lambs) eggs/g (MOX/COWP). In this final group, during periods between group treatments, individual animals were dewormed with albendazole and levamisole according to FAMACHA(©) score. Fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were determined every 7 days and body weight every 28 days for 30, 20, or 16 weeks in ewes, goats, and lambs, respectively. Efficacy of levamisole was 83.4-86.4%, efficacy of moxidectin was 93.5-100%, and efficacy of COWP was 10.8-98.1% among the three trials. The mean number of deworming treatments per animal that occurred for the LEV, FAM/MOX, and MOX/COWP groups, respectively, was 7.9, 0.6, and 2.5±0.4 (P<0.001) for ewes, 5.2, 1.6, and 3.4±0.3 (P<0.001) for goats, and 4.0, 1.7, and 3.6±0.2 (P<0.001) for lambs. Production (body weight of lambs weaned from ewes or final body weight of kids and lambs) was similar among management strategy groups for ewes and kids, but FAM/MOX lambs were lighter by the end of the trial (P<0.003). While more time and labor was required to use the FAMACHA(©) system, a more conservative use of anthelmintics occurred in the FAM/MOX group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Perry ME, Burke JM, Friel L, Field M. Can training in musculoskeletal examination skills be effectively delivered by undergraduate students as part of the standard curriculum? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1756-61. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Burke JM, Coleman SW, Chase CC, Riley DG, Looper ML, Brown MA. Interaction of breed type and endophyte-infected tall fescue on milk production and quality in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2802-11. [PMID: 20418449 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased milk production of beef cattle grazing endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue (TF), an important cool season grass in the southeastern United States, can affect calf growth. The objective was to determine whether a thermal or heat-tolerant Bos taurus breed of cattle, Romosinuano (RO), would tolerate EI TF toxins relative to Angus (AN) cattle. Milk production and quality were examined on AN and RO cows grazing endophyte-free (EF; variety K-31; n = 36) or EI TF (variety K-31; n = 37) along with growth of their Charolais-sired calves in 2007 and 2008 in west central Arkansas. Cows calved between early February and late March (spring). Milk yield and quality, BW, rectal temperature, and serum prolactin were determined at 57.1 +/- 2.6 d postpartum and every 28 d thereafter between April and August. Milk yield was greater in AN compared with RO cows (P < 0.001), but not influenced by forage type (P > 0.88). Percent milk fat was greater in cows grazing EF TF in April, but greater for cows grazing EI TF in July (forage x month, P < 0.001). Percent milk fat was greater for RO than AN cows (P < 0.001). Percent milk protein (P < 0.001) was greater and somatic cell counts (log-transformed; P < 0.001) were less in RO than AN cows. Milk lactose was greater for RO compared with AN cows in June through August (breed x month, P = 0.004). Adjusted weaning BW of calves was similar between EF and EI TF in 2007, but greater for calves from EF than EI TF in 2008 (forage x year, P = 0.03). Rectal temperature was similar between RO cows grazing EF and EI TF, but greater in AN cows grazing EI compared with EF TF in most months (forage x breed x month x year, P < 0.001). Serum prolactin was reduced in both breeds of cows grazing EI TF between April and July of both years and greatest in RO cows grazing EF TF (breed, P < 0.001; forage x month, P < 0.001). These data suggest that RO cows were more thermal-tolerant, but still susceptible to toxins in EI TF as shown by a reduction in serum concentrations of prolactin. However, milk production was not influenced by EI TF as previously observed, but milk fat percent was decreased in early lactation in this group of cows. Milk yield and quality were different between AN and RO cows during the period of lactation observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Soli F, Terrill TH, Shaik SA, Getz WR, Miller JE, Vanguru M, Burke JM. Efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol 2009; 168:93-6. [PMID: 19931291 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Profitable sheep and goat production in the USA is severely limited by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism, particularly by Haemonchus contortus. Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) have anti-parasitic properties in the diet of small ruminants, but efficacy of COWP may differ between sheep and goats. In a study with weaned kids (Kiko x Spanish cross, 6 months old) and lambs (Katahdin or Dorper x Blackface crosses, 5 months old), grazing the same pasture area in Central Georgia, 2g of COWP in a gel capsule was given to half the animals of each species, while the other half were given no COWP. Fecal and blood samples were taken weekly to determine GIN fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV). After COWP treatment, animals were grazed for 4 weeks and then slaughtered, with adult GIN recovered from the abomasum and small intestines for counting and identification to species. For both sheep and goats, COWP treatment reduced EPG (P<0.05), increased PCV (P<0.05), and lowered abomasal GIN numbers (P<0.05). For EPG, these differences were 82.5 and 90.5% for sheep and goats, respectively, 26 days after treatment, while adult H. contortus were 67.2 and 85.8% lower for COWP-treated sheep and goats, respectively. In this study, COWP treatment was equally effective against H. contortus infection in lambs and kids and appears to be an effective method of controlling H. contortus infection for up to 6 weeks in small ruminants following weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Soli
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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Moore DA, Terrill TH, Kouakou B, Shaik SA, Mosjidis JA, Miller JE, Vanguru M, Kannan G, Burke JM. The effects of feeding sericea lespedeza hay on growth rate of goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:2328-37. [PMID: 18469053 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat production is increasing in the United States due to high ethnic demand, but infection with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites is a major constraint to the industry. Increasing GIN resistance to chemical anthelmintics worldwide has led to the development of alternative control strategies, including use of forages containing condensed tannins (CT). An experiment was designed using infected and dewormed male kids (Kiko x Spanish, 6 mo old, 18.9 +/- 3.25 kg) fed diets containing 25% concentrate and either 75% sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours.) G. Don], a high CT forage (87 to 181 g of CT/kg), or 75% bermudagrass [BG; Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay (n = 10/treatment). The kids were weighed every 14 d, and fecal and blood samples were taken weekly for fecal egg counts and packed cell volume determination, respectively. Fecal cultures were processed every 14 d to determine CT effect on larval development. At slaughter, adult GIN were collected from the abomasum and small intestines for counting and speciation. Blood samples were also analyzed for plasma urea-N, and ruminal VFA and pH were determined. The infected SL-fed kids had consistently lower (P < 0.05) fecal egg counts than the infected BG goats throughout the trial and greater (P < 0.05) packed cell volume beginning by d 77. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.001) in kids fed SL- than BG-based diets, regardless of infection status (104.3 +/- 5.0 and 75.5 +/- 4.8 g/d, respectively). Total VFA and acetate concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in the BG- than in SL-fed goats, whereas propionate levels were unaffected by diet. Acetate:propionate ratio (P = 0.01) and plasma urea-N (P = 0.03) levels were greater in BG-fed goats, whereas rumen pH was greater (P < 0.001) in the SL-fed goats. Feeding SL hay can reduce GIN infection levels and increase performance of goats compared with BG hay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moore
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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Graham K, Burke JM, Field M. Undergraduate rheumatology: can peer-assisted learning by medical students deliver equivalent training to that provided by specialist staff? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:652-5. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bakall B, Radu RA, Stanton JB, Burke JM, McKay BS, Wadelius C, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Travis GH, Marmorstein AD. Enhanced accumulation of A2E in individuals homozygous or heterozygous for mutations in BEST1 (VMD2). Exp Eye Res 2007; 85:34-43. [PMID: 17477921 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BMD) is an autosomal dominant inherited macular degenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene BEST1 (formerly VMD2). Prior reports indicate that BMD is characterized histopathologically by accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). However, this accumulation has not been quantified and the chemical composition of lipofuscin in BMD has not been examined. In this study we characterize the histopathology of a donor eye from a rare individual homozygous for a mutation (W93C) in BEST1. We find that this individual's disease was not any more severe than has been described for heterozygotes. We then used this tissue to quantify lipofuscin accumulation by enriching intracellular granules from RPE cells on sucrose gradients and counting the granules in each density fraction. Granules from the homozygous donor eye as well as a donor eye from an individual heterozygous for the mutation T6R were compared with age-matched control eyes. Interestingly, the least dense fraction, representing classical lipofuscin granules was either not present or significantly diminished in the BMD donor eyes and the autoflourescence associated with lipofuscin had shifted to denser fractions. However, a substantial enrichment for granules in fractions of higher density was also noted in the BMD samples. Inspection of granules from the homozygous donor eye by electron microscopy revealed a complex abnormal multilobular structure. Analysis of granules by HPLC indicated a approximately 1.6- and approximately fourfold overall increase in A2E in the BMD eyes versus age-matched control eyes, with a shift of A2E to more dense granules in the BMD donor eyes. Despite the increase in A2E and total intracellular granules, the RPE in the homozygous donor eyes was relatively well preserved. Based on these data we conclude that the clinical and histopathologic consequences to the homozygous donor were not any more severe than has been reported previously for individuals who are established or presumptive heterozygotes. We find that A2E is a component of the lipofuscin accumulated in BMD and that it is more abundant than in control eyes suggesting that the etiology of BMD is similar to Stargardt's disease and Stargardt-like macular dystrophy. Finally, the changes we observe in the granules suggest that the histopathology and eventual vision loss associated with BMD may be due to defects in the ability of the RPE to fully degrade phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bakall
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Abstract
The objectives of these experiments were to determine the optimal dose of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) necessary to reduce gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in young and mature goats naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus or a mixed infection and to determine whether the effectiveness could be enhanced through feeding management. Two experiments were conducted during cooler months in Georgia, and 4 experiments were conducted during warmer spring or summer months in Arkansas. Meat goats received 0 up to 10 g of COWP under a variety of management conditions. In all experiments, blood and feces were collected every 3 or 7 d from 6 to 42 d to determine blood packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC) to estimate the degree of GIN infection. In mature goats grazing fall pasture, mean FEC of 0 g of COWP-treated goats increased, and those of 4 g of COWP-treated goats remained low on d 0, 7, and 14 (COWP x d, P < 0.03), and FEC decreased on these days (P < 0.001). In 5 and 10 g of COWP-treated goats, PCV increased (P < 0.001), but FEC and PCV remained unchanged over time in control goats. Fecal egg counts were similar among all low doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 g) of COWP administered to weaned kids for all dates examined (P > 0.10), which were lower on d 7 through 21 (COWP x date, P < 0.05) but similar by d 28, compared with FEC of 0 g of COWP-treated kids. Packed cell volume was lower in 0 g compared with all COWP-treated kids by d 14 (COWP x date, P < 0.05). Feeding management in combination with COWP for GIN control had little effect compared with COWP alone for these short-term studies. In conclusion, a dose of COWP as low as 0.5 g, which was considered optimal to reduce the risk of copper toxicity, was effective in reducing FEC in young goats, and 5 g of COWP was effective in older goats. Copper oxide does not appear to be effective in controlling newly acquired L4 stage (preadult) larvae, which also feed on blood, leading to decreased PCV in newly infected goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Abstract
Simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) have increasingly become the marker of choice for population genetic analyses. Unfortunately, the development of traditional 'anonymous' SSRs from genomic DNA is costly and time-consuming. These problems are further compounded by a paucity of resources in taxa that lack clear economic importance. However, the advent of the genomics age has resulted in the production of vast amounts of publicly available DNA sequence data, including large collections of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a variety of different taxa. Recent research has revealed that ESTs are a potentially rich source of SSRs that reveal polymorphisms not only within the source taxon, but in related taxa, as well. In this paper, we review what is known about the transferability of EST-SSRs from one taxon to another with particular reference to the potential of these markers to facilitate population genetic studies. As an example of the utility of these resources, we then cross-reference existing EST databases against lists of rare, endangered and invasive plant species and conclude that half of all suitable EST databases could be exploited for the population genetic analysis of species of conservation concern. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of EST-SSRs in the context of population genetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Burke JM, Kaplan RM, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Getz WR, Mobini S, Valencia E, Williams MJ, Williamson LH, Vatta AF. Accuracy of the FAMACHA system for on-farm use by sheep and goat producers in the southeastern United States. Vet Parasitol 2007; 147:89-95. [PMID: 17482368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
FAMACHA is a practical on-farm system designed to provide small ruminant producers a tool for improving their management of Haemonchus contortus infections. Although this system has become very popular and widely accepted by small ruminant producers in many regions of the southern United States, there is very limited data reported on the effectiveness of the FAMACHA system when performed by farmers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the FAMACHA system for on-farm use by small ruminant producers during the summer season. Small ruminant producers from Georgia, Louisiana, Florida, and Puerto Rico were trained to use the FAMACHA system by veterinarians and scientists experienced with this method. FAMACHA scores were assigned at least every 2 weeks by producers to weaned and mature sheep (n=552) and goats (n=676) of various breeds and ages between April and September 2004. At intervals that varied among farms from 2 to 8 weeks, researchers determined body condition scores (BCS; 1=thin and 5=fat) and collected blood and feces from a group of animals selected randomly to determine packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC). Two separate anemia thresholds were evaluated; these were defined by either FAMACHA score (>or=3 versus >or=4) or PCV (<or=19 versus <or=15%). The correlation between FAMACHA scores and PCV or FEC was high for both sheep and goats (P<0.001). Specificity was maximized when FAMACHA scores of 4 and 5 were considered anemic, but sensitivity was low. Sensitivity for detecting anemic animals was 50% for sheep and 89% for goats when eye score values of >or=3 were considered anemic and PCV cutoff was <or=15%. The percentage of false negatives (anemic animals not identified by FAMACHA evaluation) was less than 5% in sheep and less than 1% in goats when FAMACHA scores>or=3 were considered anemic and PCV cutoff was <or=15%. In both sheep and goats, predictive value of a negative was greater than 90% for all anemia and eye score categories. These data indicate that the FAMACHA method used by producers is a valuable tool for identifying anemic sheep and goats in the southern United States and Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Moore DA, Shaik SA, Miller JE, Burke JM, Muir JP, Wolfe R. Effect of pelleting on efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats. Vet Parasitol 2007; 146:117-22. [PMID: 17383822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) to anthelmintic treatment has increased pressure to find alternative, non-chemical control methods. Feeding hay of the high condensed tannin (CT) forage sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours.) G. Don.] to sheep and goats has reduced GIN fecal egg count (FEC) and worm numbers in the abomasum and small intestines. This effect has been reported with both unground (long) and ground hay. Pelleting of ground hay increases ease of storage, transport, and feeding, but heating during the pelleting process could reduce biological activity of CT. Eighteen naturally GIN-infected 5-6-month-old Kiko-Spanish cross bucks were fed pelleted and ground SL hay and ground bermudagrass [BG; Cynodon dactyon (L.) Pers.] hay diets (n=6 per treatment) in a confinement trial. The bucks were fed the ground BG hay (75% of daily intake) plus a pelleted 16% CP commercial goat chow (25% of daily intake) for 3 weeks, after which they were assigned to treatment groups based upon FEC, 12 animals were switched to ground and pelleted SL hay plus goat chow for 4 weeks, and then all animals were fed the BG ration for one additional week. Throughout the trial, feces and blood were collected from individual animals weekly to determine FEC and blood packed cell volume (PCV), respectively. All goats were slaughtered at the end of the trial, with adult worms in the abomasum and small intestines recovered, counted, and identified to species. Both forms of SL hay reduced (P<0.05) FEC in goats relative to BG hay-fed animals, with a greater reduction in goats fed the SL pellets. There was no effect on PCV until the final sampling date, when the SL pellet-fed goats' PCV increased (P<0.05) compared with the other treatments. Feeding pelleted SL reduced (P<0.05) abomasal worms, primarily Haemonchus contortus, relative to the BG hay-fed goats. Worm numbers in the goats fed ground SL hay were intermediate. Pelleting SL hay enhanced its efficacy against parasitic nematodes and may facilitate the broader use of this forage in small ruminant GIN control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, United States.
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Burke JM, Morrical D, Miller JE. Control of gastrointestinal nematodes with copper oxide wire particles in a flock of lactating Polypay ewes and offspring in Iowa, USA. Vet Parasitol 2007; 146:372-5. [PMID: 17433548 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) have been used to reduce infection of Haemonchus contortus in hair breed lambs in southeastern USA without signs of copper toxicity. However, copper sensitivity among breeds and regions varies. The objective was to determine the effectiveness and safety of COWP in lactating Polypay ewes and their offspring grazing alfalfa/bluegrass pasture in a rotational grazing system. Mature Polypay ewes were administered 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g (n=8 or 9/dose) COWP approximately 60 days after lambing in mid-July 2005. Their offspring were administered 0 (n=6), 0.5 or 0.75 g (n=9), 1 or 2 g (n=6) COWP 2 weeks later in late July. The primary gastrointestinal nematode was H. contortus (70%). Between Days 7 and 35, FEC were greater in 0 and 0.5 g COWP groups compared with ewes administered 2 g COWP (COWP x day, P<0.004). PCV decreased in all groups of ewes between Days 0 and 21 (day, P<0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, a measure of liver copper levels, and body weight was similar among groups of ewes. FEC decreased within 7 days in COWP-treated compared with untreated lambs and remained low throughout experiment (COWP x day, P<0.05). PCV increased in COWP-treated lambs between Days 7 and 35 and decreased in untreated lambs between Days 0 and 21 (COWP x day, P<0.009). AST activity was similar among groups of lambs. Administration of 2 g COWP to ewes prevented a rise in FEC, but a dose of 0.5 g was ineffective as an anthelmintic. Administration of all doses of COWP to lambs decreased FEC and increased PCV compared to untreated lambs. There were no signs of copper toxicity in ewes or lambs. Alternative suppression of H. contortus infections may be necessary in ewes, but COWP was effective in H. contortus management for lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Burke
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
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