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Song Y, Lan Y, Li K, Qiao D, Cao Y, Xu H. Regulation of a novel DsGATA1 from Dunaliella salina on the synthesis of carotenoids under red light. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:82. [PMID: 38189955 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a high-quality industrial effector for carotenoid production. The mechanism by which red light regulates carotenoid synthesis is still unclear. In this study, a transcription factor of DsGATA1 with a distinct structure was discovered in D. salina. The recognition motif of DsGATA1 was comparable to that of plant and fungal GATA, despite its evolutionary proximity to animal-derived GATA. The expression of DsGATA1 in D. salina was still noticeably decreased when exposed to red light. Analysis of physiological and biochemical transcriptomic data from overexpressed, interfering, and wild-type strains of DsGATA1 revealed that DsGATA1 acts as a global regulator of D. salina carotenoid synthesis. The upregulated genes in the CBP pathway by DsGATA1 were involved in its regulation of the synthesis of carotenoids. DsGATA1 also enhanced carotenoid accumulation under red light by affecting N metabolism. DsGATA1 was found to directly bind to the promoter of nitrate reductase to activate its expression, promoting D. salina nitrate uptake and accelerating biomass accumulation. DsGATA1 affected the expression of the genes encoding GOGAT, GDH, and ammonia transporter proteins. Moreover, our study revealed that the regulation of N metabolism by DsGATA1 led to the production of NO molecules that inhibited carotenoid synthesis. However, DsGATA1 significantly enhanced carotenoid synthesis by NO scavenger removal of NO. The D. salina carotenoid accumulation under red light was elevated by 46% in the presence of overexpression of DsGATA1 and NO scavenger. Nevertheless, our results indicated that DsGATA1 could be an important target for engineering carotenoid production. KEY POINTS: • DsGATA1 with a distinct structure and recognition motif was found in D. salina • DsGATA1 enhanced carotenoid production and biomass in D. salina under red light • DsGATA1 is involved in the regulation of N metabolism and carotenoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Lan
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Beck WF. Intramolecular charge transfer and the function of vibronic excitons in photosynthetic light harvesting. Photosynth Res 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01095-5. [PMID: 38656684 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A widely discussed explanation for the prevalence of pairs or clusters of closely spaced electronic chromophores in photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins is the presence of ultrafast and highly directional excitation energy transfer pathways mediated by vibronic excitons, the delocalized optical excitations derived from mixing of the electronic and vibrational states of the chromophores. We discuss herein the hypothesis that internal conversion processes between exciton states on the <100 fs timescale are possible when the excitonic potential energy surfaces are controlled by the vibrational modes that induce charge transfer character in a strongly coupled system of chromophores. We discuss two examples, the peridinin-chlorophyll protein from marine dinoflagellates and the intact phycobilisome from cyanobacteria, in which the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) character arising from out-of-plane distortion of the conjugation of carotenoid or bilin chromophores also results in localization of the initially delocalized optical excitation on the vibrational timescale. Tuning of the ground state conformations of the chromophores to manipulate their ICT character provides a natural photoregulatory mechanism, which would control the overall quantum yield of excitation energy transfer by turning on and off the delocalized character of the optical excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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3
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Bekkering C, Yu S, Kuo CC, Tian L. Distinct growth patterns in seedling and tillering wheat plants suggests a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt-stress response. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:119. [PMID: 38632145 PMCID: PMC11024023 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Mutants lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs showed improved seedling growth, but comparable or increased susceptibility to salt stress in tillering plants, suggesting a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt response. Salinity stress threatens global food security by reducing the yield of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum ssp.). Understanding how wheat responds to salinity stress is crucial for developing climate resilient varieties. In this study, we examined the interplay between carotenoid metabolism and the response to salt (NaCl) stress, a specific form of salinity stress, in tetraploid wheat plants with mutations in carotenoid β-hydroxylase 1 (HYD1) and HYD2. Our investigation encompassed both the vulnerable seedling stage and the more developed tillering stage of wheat plant growth. Mutant combinations lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs, including hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-A1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, and hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, had longer first true leaves and slightly enhanced root growth during germination under salt stress compared to the segregate wild-type (control) plants. Interestingly, these mutant seedlings also showed decreased levels of neoxanthin and violaxanthin (xanthophylls derived from β-carotene) and an increase in β-carotene in roots. However, tillering hyd mutant and segregate wild-type plants generally did not differ in their height, tiller count, and biomass production under acute or prolonged salt stress, except for decreases in these parameters observed in the hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant that indicate its heightened susceptibility to salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant, yet developmentally restricted role of HYD2 homoeologs in salt-stress response in tetraploid wheat. They also show that hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant plants, previously demonstrated for possessing enriched nutritional (β-carotene) content, maintain an unimpaired ability to withstand salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Bekkering
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shu Yu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chih Chi Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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4
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Chaiyarat A, Saejung C. Continuous valorization of food waste and oily food waste using bacteria-pumice and bacteria-smectite nanocomposites: Alternative cell immobilization and zooplankton lifespan impact. Bioresour Technol 2024; 400:130694. [PMID: 38614149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Recycling waste into commercial products is a profitable strategy but the lifetime of immobilized cells for long-term waste treatment remains a problem. This study presents alternative cell immobilization methods for valorizing food waste (FW) and oily food waste (OFW) to microbial carotenoids and proteins. Carriers (pumice or smectite), magnetite nanoparticles, and isolated photosynthetic bacteria were integrated to obtain magnetically recoverable bacteria-pumice and bacteria-smectite nanocomposites. After recycling five batches (50 d), chemical oxygen demand removal from FW reached 76% and 78% with the bacteria-pumice and bacteria-smectite nanocomposite treatments, respectively, and oil degradation in OFW reached 71% and 62%, respectively. Destructive changes did not occur, suggesting the durability of nanocomposites. The used nanocomposites had no impact on the lifespan of Moina macrocopa or water quality as assessed by toxicity analysis. Bacteria-pumice and bacteria-smectite nanocomposites are efficient for food waste recycling and do not require secondary treatment before being discharged into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuwat Chaiyarat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chewapat Saejung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Li Y, Zhao T, Gao W, Miao B, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Li Q, Sun D. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy on DHA and carotenoid accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2024; 17:50. [PMID: 38566214 PMCID: PMC10985998 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a crucial process of cellular self-destruction and component reutilization that can affect the accumulation of total fatty acids (TFAs) and carotenoids in microalgae. The regulatory effects of autophagy process in a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids simultaneously producing microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN, has not been studied. Thus, the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine (MA)) and activator (rapamycin) were used to regulate autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. RESULTS The inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA was verified by transmission electron microscopy, with fewer autophagy vacuoles observed. Besides, 3-MA reduced the glucose absorption and intracellular acetyl-CoA level, which resulting in the decrease of TFA and DHA levels by 15.83 and 26.73% respectively; Surprisingly, 3-MA increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level but decreased the carotenoids level. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the downregulation of the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle may underlie the decrease of acetyl-CoA, NADPH and ATP supply for fatty acid biosynthesis; the downregulation of PSY and HMGCR may underlie the decreased carotenoids level. In addition, the class I PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may be crucial for the regulation of carbon and energy metabolism. At last, rapamycin was used to activate autophagy, which significantly enhanced the cell growth and TFA level and eventually resulted in 1.70-fold increase in DHA content. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the mechanisms of autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN and highlight a way to manipulate cell metabolism by regulating autophagy. Overall, this study provides valuable insights to guide further research on autophagy-regulated TFA and carotenoids accumulation in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Weizheng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Bowen Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Dongzhe Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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6
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Tian S, Yang Y, Fang B, Uddin S, Liu X. The CrMYB33 transcription factor positively coordinate the regulation of both carotenoid accumulation and chlorophyll degradation in the peel of citrus fruit. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 209:108540. [PMID: 38518398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Citrus, cultivated extensively across the globe, possesses considerable economic importance and nutritional value. With the degradation of chlorophyll and accumulation of carotenoids, mature citrus fruits develop an orange-yellow peel, enhancing fruit value and consumer preference. MYB transcription factors (TFs) exert a significant role in diverse plant developmental processes and investigating their involvement in fruit coloration is crucial for developing new cultivars. This work aimed to characterize a citrus TF, CrMYB33, whose expression was found to be positively correlated with carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. The interference of CrMYB33 expression in citrus fruit resulted in inhibition of carotenoid accumulation, down-regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, and a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation. Conversely, overexpression of CrMYB33 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) enhanced chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis, resulting in a deeper red coloration of the fruits. Furthermore, the transcription of associated genes was upregulated in CrMYB33-overexpressing tomato fruits. Additional assays reveal that CrMYB33 exhibits direct links and activation of the promoters of lycopene β-cyclase 2 (CrLCYb2), and β-carotene hydroxylases 2 (CrBCH2), both crucial genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, it was found to inhibit chlorophyllase (CrCLH), a gene essential in chlorophyll degradation. These findings provide insight into the observed changes in LCYb2, BCH2, and CLH expression in the transgenic lines under investigation. In conclusion, our study revealed that CrMYB33 modulates carotenoid accumulation and chlorophyll degradation in citrus fruits through transcriptionally activating genes involved in metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Saleem Uddin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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7
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Devi M, Ramakrishnan E, Deka S, Parasar DP. Bacteria as a source of biopigments and their potential applications. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 219:106907. [PMID: 38387652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
From the prehistoric period, the utilization of pigments as colouring agents was an integral part of human life. Early people may have utilized paint for aesthetic motives, according to archaeologists. The pigments are either naturally derived or synthesized in the laboratory. Different studies reported that certain synthetic colouring compounds were toxic and had adverse health and environmental effects. Therefore, knowing the drawbacks of these synthetic colouring agents now scientists are attracted towards the harmless natural pigments. The main sources of natural pigments are plants, animals or microorganisms. Out of these natural pigments, microorganisms are the most important source for the production and application of bioactive secondary metabolites. Among all kinds of microorganisms, bacteria have specific benefits due to their short life cycle, low sensitivity to seasonal and climatic variations, ease of scaling, and ability to create pigments of various colours. Based on these physical characteristics, bacterial pigments appear to be a promising sector for novel biotechnological applications, ranging from functional food production to the development of new pharmaceuticals and biomedical therapies. This review summarizes the need for bacterial pigments, biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids and different applications of bacterial pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitrayee Devi
- Faculty of Paramedical Science (Microbiology), Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
| | - Elancheran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 621112, India
| | - Suresh Deka
- Faculty of Science, Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
| | - Deep Prakash Parasar
- Faculty of Science (Biotechnology), Assam down town University, Sankar Madhab Path, Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India.
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Miao Q, Si X, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Qin Y, Tang C, Zhang J. Deposition and enrichment of carotenoids in livestock products: An overview. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101245. [PMID: 38426078 PMCID: PMC10901861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide range of research has illustrated that carotenoids play a key role in human health through their versatile beneficial biological functions. Traditionally, the majority dietary sources of carotenoids for humans are obtained from vegetables and fruits, however, the contribution of animal-derived foods has attracted more interest in recent years. Livestock products such as eggs, meat, and milk have been considered as the appropriate and unique carriers for the deposition of carotenoids. In addition, with the enrichment of carotenoids, the nutritional quality of these animal-origin foods would be improved as well as the economic value. Here, we offer an overview covering aspects including the physicochemical properties of carotenoids, the situation of carotenoids fortified in livestock products, and the pathways that lead to the deposition of carotenoids in livestock products. The summary of these important nutrients in livestock products will provide references for animal husbandry and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueyang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Hu J, Wang J, Muhammad T, Tuerdiyusufu D, Yang T, Li N, Yang H, Wang B, Yu Q. Functional analysis of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan in carotenoid synthesis during tomato fruit ripening. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 210:108589. [PMID: 38593485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important pigmented nutrients synthesized by tomato fruits during ripening. To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid synthesis during tomato fruit ripening, we analyzed carotenoid metabolites and transcriptomes in six development stages of tomato fruits. A total of thirty different carotenoids were detected and quantified in tomato fruits from 10 to 60 DPA. Based on differential gene expression profiles and WGCNA, we explored several genes that were highly significant and negatively correlated with lycopene, all of which encode fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs). The FLAs are involved in plant signal transduction, however the functional role of these proteins has not been studied in tomato. Genome-wide analysis revealed that cultivated and wild tomato species contained 18 to 22 FLA family members, clustered into four groups, and mainly evolved by means of segmental duplication. The functional characterization of FLAs showed that silencing of SlFLA1, 5, and 13 were found to contribute to the early coloration of tomato fruits, and the expression of carotenoid synthesis-related genes was up-regulated in fruits that changed phenotypically, especially in SlFLA13-silenced plants. Furthermore, the content of multiple carotenoids (including (E/Z)-phytoene, lycopene, γ-carotene, and α-carotene) was significantly increased in SlFLA13-silenced fruits, suggesting that SlFLA13 has a potential inhibitory function in regulating carotenoid synthesis in tomato fruits. The results of the present study broaden the idea of analyzing the biological functions of tomato FLAs and preliminary evidence for the inhibitory role of SlFLA13 in carotenoid synthesis in fruit, providing the theoretical basis and a candidate for improving tomato fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China; College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Diliaremu Tuerdiyusufu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China; College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China.
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China; College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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10
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Raman J, Ko YJ, Kim JS, Kim DH, Kim SJ. Overproduction of Xanthophyll Pigment in Flavobacterium sp. JSWR-1 under Optimized Culture Conditions. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:710-724. [PMID: 38044702 PMCID: PMC11016774 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2310.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium can synthesize xanthophyll, particularly the pigment zeaxanthin, which has significant economic value in nutrition and pharmaceuticals. Recently, the use of carotenoid biosynthesis by bacteria and yeast fermentation technology has shown to be very efficient and offers significant advantages in large-scale production, cost-effectiveness, and safety. In the present study, JSWR-1 strain capable of producing xanthophyll pigment was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea. Based on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics, JSWR-1 classified as belonging to the Flavobacterium species. The bacterium is strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and psychrophilic. The completed genome sequence of the strain Flavobacterium sp. JSWR-1 is predicted to be a single circular 3,425,829-bp chromosome with a G+C content of 35.2% and 2,941 protein-coding genes. The optimization of carotenoid production was achieved by small-scale cultivation, resulting in zeaxanthin being identified as the predominant carotenoid pigment. The enhancement of zeaxanthin biosynthesis by applying different light-irradiation, variations in pH and temperature, and adding carbon and nitrogen supplies to the growth medium. A significant increase in intracellular zeaxanthin concentrations was also recorded during fed-batch fermentation achieving a maximum of 16.69 ± 0.71 mg/l, corresponding to a product yield of 4.05 ± 0.15 mg zeaxanthin per gram cell dry weight. Batch and fed-batch culture extracts exhibit significant antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated that the JSWR-1 strain can potentially serve as a source for zeaxanthin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadeesh Raman
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seon Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
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Rezaei A, Cheniany M, Ahmadzadeh H, Vaezi J. A new isolate cold-adapted Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838: influence of light, temperature, and nitrogen concentration on growth characteristics and biochemical composition using the two-stage cultivation strategy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:341-353. [PMID: 38281211 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Natural-based chemicals from microalgae such as lipids and pigments are the interests in industries and the bioeconomy. Cold-adapted Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838, an isolated strain from Cheshmeh-Sabz Lake in northeastern Iran, was cultivated using a two-stage culture strategy under different environmental conditions. With doubling the nitrate concentration at the vegetative stage (170 mg/L) and increasing the light intensity (180 µmol photons/m2/s) the highest specific growth rate (0.61 ± 0.02 per day) and biomass productivity (121.1 ± 7.2 mg/L/day) were observed at 25 °C. In the optimal growth condition Chl a and Chl b contents of Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838 reached the highest amount (11.07 ± 0.14 and 11.23 ± 0.29 µg/mL, respectively) at 25 °C. While carotenoid content correlated negatively with optimum biomass productivity (- 0.708) and had the best value (12.23 ± 0.29 µg/mL) in nitrogen deficiency (42 mg/L) and intense light conditions (180 µmol photons/m2/s) at 15 °C. Lipid content was increased with declined nitrate concentration (42 mg/L), high light intensity, and 180 µmol photons/m2/s at 25 °C. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (71.94%) and α-linolenic acid (57.73 ± 6.63%) was observed in conditions with 170 mg/L nitrate concentration and low light intensity (40 µmol photons/m2/ s) at the low temperature (15 °C). While saturated fatty acids content (43.27%) and palmitic acid reached the highest amount under 40 µmol photons/m2/s, 42 mg/L nitrate at 25 °C (35.02 ± 5.33%). Biomass productivity of Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838, as a cold-adapted strain, decreased by only 8.2% with a 10-degree decline in temperature. Therefore, this strain has good potential to grow in open ponds by tolerating the daily temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Rezaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran.
| | - Jamil Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
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Wilawan B, Chan SS, Ling TC, Show PL, Ng EP, Jonglertjunya W, Phadungbut P, Khoo KS. Advancement of Carotenogenesis of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: Recent Insight and Way Forward. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:402-423. [PMID: 37270443 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for astaxanthin has been increasing for many health applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and aquaculture due to its bioactive properties. Haematococcus pluvialis is widely recognized as the microalgae species with the highest natural accumulation of astaxanthin, which has made it a valuable source for industrial production. Astaxanthin produced by other sources such as chemical synthesis or fermentation are often produced in the cis configuration, which has been shown to have lower bioactivity. Additionally, some sources of astaxanthin, such as shrimp, may denature or degrade when exposed to high temperatures, which can result in a loss of bioactivity. Producing natural astaxanthin through the cultivation of H. pluvialis is presently a demanding and time-consuming task, which incurs high expenses and restricts the cost-effective industrial production of this valuable substance. The production of astaxanthin occurs through two distinct pathways, namely the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the chloroplast methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. The latest advancements in enhancing product quality and extracting techniques at a reasonable cost are emphasized in this review. The comparative of specific extraction processes of H. pluvialis biological astaxanthin production that may be applied to large-scale industries were assessed. The article covers a contemporary approach to optimizing microalgae culture for increased astaxanthin content, as well as obtaining preliminary data on the sustainability of astaxanthin production and astaxanthin marketing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busakorn Wilawan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Woranart Jonglertjunya
- Fermentation Technology Laboratory (FerTechLab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Poomiwat Phadungbut
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
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13
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Bai Y, Ma J, Ma Y, Chang Y, Zhang W, Deng Y, Zhang N, Zhang X, Fan K, Hu X, Wang S, Jiang Z, Hu T. Color components determination and full-length comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential mechanism of carotenoid synthesis during Paphiopedilum armeniacum flowering. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16914. [PMID: 38406281 PMCID: PMC10894592 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Paphiopedilum armeniacum (P. armeniacum), an ornamental plant native to China, is known for its distinctive yellow blossoms. However, the mechanisms underlying P. armeniacum flower coloration remain unclear. Methods We selected P. armeniacum samples from different flowering stages and conducted rigorous physicochemical analyses. The specimens were differentiated based on their chemical properties, specifically their solubilities in polar solvents. This key step enabled us to identify the main metabolite of flower color development of P. armeniacum, and to complete the identification by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on the results. Additionally, we employed a combined approach, integrating both third-generation full-length transcriptome sequencing and second-generation high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, to comprehensively explore the molecular components involved. Results We combined physical and chemical analysis with transcriptome sequencing to reveal that carotenoid is the main pigment of P. armeniacum flower color. Extraction colorimetric method and HPLC were used to explore the characteristics of carotenoid accumulation during flowering. We identified 28 differentially expressed carotenoid biosynthesis genes throughout the flowering process, validated their expression through fluorescence quantification, and discovered 19 potential positive regulators involved in carotenoid synthesis. Among these candidates, three RCP2 genes showed a strong potential for governing the PDS and ZDS gene families. In summary, our study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms governing carotenoid synthesis during P. armeniacum flowering, enhancing our understanding of this process and providing a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms driving P. armeniacum flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Bai
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- China Forestry Publishing House, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Pingxiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yanting Chang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Pingxiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang, China
| | - Yayun Deng
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Fan
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Jiang
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Pingxiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang, China
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14
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Khairuddin F, Zaharah Mohd Fuzi SF, Ahmad A, Oon LK, Bokhari A, Dailin DJ, Habila MA, Nawaz A, Chuah LF. Evaluation on microalgae for the production of bio-chemicals and electricity. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141007. [PMID: 38141667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in biophotovoltaic systems using microalgae, coupled with biorefinery approach, would improve economy-feasibility in production. The major concern is its commercial strength in terms of scalability, strain selection and extraction procedure cost. It must compete with conventional feedstocks such as fossil fuels. This project proposes to enhance the economic feasibility of microalgae-based biorefinery by evaluating their performance for bio-electricity, bio-diesel and carotenoids production in a single cycle. The first part of the study was to construct and select a Bio-bottle Voltaic (BBV) device that would allow microalgae to grow and produce bioproducts, as well as generate the maximum current output reading derived from the microalgae's photosynthesis process. The second phase consisted of a 25-day investigation into the biorefinery performance of six different microalgal species in producing bio-electricity, bio-diesel and carotenoid in a prototype BBV device. The prototype BBV device with aluminium foil and pencil lead as its anode and cathode produced the highest carotenoid and biodiesel component production from the two microalgae tested, according to the results of the first phase of the experiment. In the second portion of the study, Scenedesmus dimorphus and Chlorella vulgaris were identified as the two microalgae most capable of maintaining their growth throughout the experiment. The maximum current reading observed for C. vulgaris was 653 mV. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis showed four major carotenoid compounds found which were Neoxanthin, Cantaxanthin, Astaxanthin and 9-cis antheraxanthin, and the highest carotenoid producer was C. vulgaris which recorded at 1.73 μg/mL. C. vulgaris recorded as the most alkanes producer with 22 compounds detected and Heptacosane and Heneicosane as the two major biodiesel compounds found in the extracts. Evaluation of C. vulgaris data showed that it has enormous potential for microalgal biorefinery candidates. Further ongoing research and development efforts for C. vulgaris will improve the economic viability of microalgae-based industries and reduce reliance on depleted fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahayu Khairuddin
- Malaysia Genome & Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Low Kheng Oon
- Malaysia Genome & Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Bokhari
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Nawaz
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - L F Chuah
- School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
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15
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Zhang ZX, Xu LW, Xu YS, Li J, Ma W, Sun XM, Huang H. Integration of genetic engineering and multi-factor fermentation optimization for co-production of carotenoid and DHA in Schizochytrium sp. Bioresour Technol 2024; 394:130250. [PMID: 38154734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp., a microalga with high lipid content, holds the potential for co-producing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids. In this study, the ability of Schizochytrium sp. to naturally produce carotenoids was systematically explored. Further, by enhancing the precursor supply of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, regulating carbon source through sugar limitation fermentation and employing a combination of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks to precisely optimize nitrogen sources, a new record of 43-fold increase in β-carotene titer was achieved in the 5L bioreactor (653.2 mg/L). Meanwhile, a high DHA content was maintained (13.4 g/L). Furthermore, the use of corn stover hydrolysate has effectively lowered the production costs of carotenoid and DHA while sustaining elevated production levels (with total carotenoid titer and DHA titer reached 502.0 mg/L and 13.2 g/L, respectively). This study offers an efficient and cost-effective method for the co-production of carotenoid and DHA in Schizochytrium sp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Wei Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
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16
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O'Donnell AE, Muirhead DK, Brasier AT, Capezzuoli E. Searching for Life in Hot Spring Carbonate Systems: Investigating Raman Spectra of Carotenoid-Bearing Organic Carbonaceous Inclusions from Travertines of Italy. Astrobiology 2024; 24:163-176. [PMID: 37955648 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid pigments provide some of the most common exclusively biogenic markers on Earth, and these organic pigments may be present in extraterrestrial life. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify carotenoids quickly and accurately through the inelastic scattering of laser light. In this study, we show that Raman spectra of organic matter found in hot spring bacterial assemblages exhibit "spectral overprinting" of the carotenoid spectrum by the carbon spectrum as the organic matter progressively breaks down. Here, we present how, with increasing thermal maturity, the relative intensity of the carotenoid spectrum increases, and as maturity increases a low-intensity carbon spectrum forms in the same region as the carotenoid spectrum. This carbon spectrum increases in intensity as the thermal maturity increases further, progressively obscuring the carotenoid spectrum until only the carbon spectrum can be observed. This means key carotenoid biogenic signatures in hot spring deposits may be hidden within carbon spectra. A detailed study of the transition from carotenoid to carbon, Raman spectra may help develop deconvolution processes that assist in positively identifying biogenic carbon over abiogenic carbon. Our results are relevant for the data analysis from the Raman spectroscopy instruments on the Perseverance (National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA]) and Rosalind Franklin (European Space Agency [ESA]) rovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E O'Donnell
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David K Muirhead
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander T Brasier
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Capezzuoli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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17
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Mohanta A, Prasad N, Khadim SR, Singh P, Singh S, Singh A, Kayastha AM, Asthana RK. Optimizing light regimes for neutral lipid accumulation in Dunaliella salina MCC 43: a study on physiological status and carbon allocation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:82. [PMID: 38285311 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a favourable source of high lipid feedstock for biofuel and medicinal chemicals. Low biomass output from microalgae is a significant barrier to industrial-scale commercialisation. The current study aimed to determine how photosynthetic efficiency, carbon fixation, macromolecular synthesis, accumulation of neutral lipids, and antioxidative defence (ROS scavenging enzyme activities) of D. salina cells were affected by different light intensities (LI) (50, 100, 200, and 400 µmol m-2 s-1). The cells when exposed to strong light (400 µmol m-2 s-1) led to reduction in chlorophyll a but the carotenoid content increased by 19% in comparison to the control (LI 100). The amount of carbohydrate changed significantly under high light and in spite of stress inflicted on the cells by high irradiation, a considerable increase in activity of carbonic anhydrase and fixation rate of CO2 were recorded, thus, preserving the biomass content. The high light exposed biomass when subjected to nitrogen-deficient medium led to increase in lipid content (59.92% of the dry cell weight). However, neutral lipid made up 78.26% of the total lipid while other lipids like phospholipid and glycolipid content decreased, showing that the lipid was redistributed in these cells under nitrogen deprivation, making the organism more appropriate for biodiesel/jet fuel use. Although D. salina cells had a relatively longer generation time (3.5 d) than other microalgal cells, an economic analysis concluded that the amount of carotenoid they produced and the quality of their lipids made them more suited for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mohanta
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nitesh Prasad
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sk Riyazat Khadim
- P.G. Department of Botany, Dhenkanal Autonomous College, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Biochemistry Department, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Savita Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - A M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R K Asthana
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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18
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Hwang CY, Cho ES, Kim S, Kim K, Seo MJ. Optimization of bacterioruberin production from Halorubrum ruber and assessment of its antioxidant potential. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:2. [PMID: 38172950 PMCID: PMC10762969 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea produce bacterioruberin, a major C50 carotenoid with antioxidant properties that allow for its potential application in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to optimize culture conditions for total carotenoid, predominantly comprising bacterioruberin, production using Halorubrum ruber MBLA0099. A one-factor-at-a-time and statistically-based experimental design were applied to optimize the culture conditions. Culture in the optimized medium caused an increase in total carotenoid production from 0.496 to 1.966 mg L- 1 Maximal carotenoid productivity was achieved in a 7-L laboratory-scale fermentation and represented a 6.05-fold increase (0.492 mg L-1 d-1). The carotenoid extracts from strain MBLA0099 exhibited a 1.8-10.3-fold higher antioxidant activity in vitro, and allowed for a higher survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress conditions. These results demonstrated that Hrr. ruber MBLA0099 has significant potential as a haloarchaon for the commercial production of bacterioruberin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sang Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for Bio Materials & Process Development, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- MJ BIOLAB, Inc, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Li X, Zhang D, Pan X, Kakar KU, Nawaz Z. Regulation of carotenoid metabolism and ABA biosynthesis during blueberry fruit ripening. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108232. [PMID: 38091932 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids and their derivates play critical physiologic roles in plants. However, these substrates and their metabolism have not been elucidated in fruit of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). In this study, carotenoids and ABA were investigated by LC-MS and their biosynthesis were subject to proteomic analysis during fruit ripening. Activity of CCD1 and NCED1/3 were studied in vivo or in vitro. Also, effects of ethephon and 1-MCP on biosynthesis of carotenoid and ABA were investigated through the expression of corresponding genes using qPCR. As a result, carotenoid biosynthesis was prominently mitigated whereas its metabolism was enhanced during fruit ripening, which resulted in a decrease in the carotenoids. VcCCD1 could both cleave β-carotene, zeaxanthin and lutein at positions of 9, 10 (9', 10'), which was mainly responsible for the degradation of these carotenoids. Interestingly, in the situation of mitigation of carotenoid biosynthesis, ABA still rapidly accumulated, which was mainly attributed to the upregulated expression of VcNCED1/3. Notably, VcNCED1/3 also showed a cleavage activity of all-trans-zeaxanthin and a stereospecific cleavage activity of 9-cis-carotene to generate C15-carotenal. The C15-carotenal could be potentially converted to ABA through ZEP-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway during blueberry fruit ripening. Similar to a nature natural maturation, ethylene accelerated the carotenoid degradation and ABA biosynthesis trough downregulating the expression of genes in carotenoid biosynthesis and upregulating the expression of genes in ABA biosynthesis. These information help understand the regulation of carotenoids and ABA, and effects of ethylene on the regulation during blueberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Xuhao Pan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Kaleem Ullah Kakar
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Zarqa Nawaz
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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20
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Fariz-Salinas EA, Limón-Rodríguez B, Beltrán-Rocha JC, Guajardo-Barbosa C, Cantú-Cárdenas ME, Martínez-Ávila GCG, Castillo-Zacarías C, López-Chuken UJ. Effect of light stress on lutein production with associated phosphorus removal from a secondary effluent by the autoflocculating microalgae consortium BR-UANL-01. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:23. [PMID: 38156038 PMCID: PMC10751278 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have become promising microorganisms for generating high-value commercial products and removing pollutants in aquatic systems. This research evaluated the impact of sunlight intensity on intracellular pigment generation and phosphorus removal from secondary effluents by autoflocculating microalgae consortium BR-UANL-01 in photobioreactor culture. Microalgae were grown in a secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, using a combination of low and high light conditions (photon irradiance; 44 μmol m-2 s-1 and ≈ 1270 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively) and 16:8 h light:dark and 24:0 h light:dark (subdivided into 18:6 LED:sunlight) photoperiods. The autoflocculant rate by consortium BR-UANL-01 was not affected by light intensity and achieved 98% in both treatments. Microalgae produced significantly more lutein, (2.91 mg g-1) under low light conditions. Phosphate removal by microalgae resulted above 85% from the secondary effluent, due to the fact that phosphorus is directly associated with metabolic and replication processes and the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in ABTS•+ assay by the biomass under low light condition (51.71% μmol ET g-1). In conclusion, the results showed that the autoflocculating microalgae consortium BR-UANL-01 is capable of synthesizing intracellular lutein, which presents antioxidant activity, using secondary effluents as a growth medium, without losing its autoflocculating activity and assimilating phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alexis Fariz-Salinas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Benjamín Limón-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Beltrán-Rocha
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Col. Ex-Hacienda, El Canadá, 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Claudio Guajardo-Barbosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, 66450 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - María Elena Cantú-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 Autopista Al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, 66629 Apodaca, Nuevo León Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Castillo-Zacarías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Ulrico Javier López-Chuken
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 Autopista Al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, 66629 Apodaca, Nuevo León Mexico
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21
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Jiang X, Wu X, Wang X. Dietary supplementation with synthetic astaxanthin and DHA interactively regulates physiological metabolism to improve the color and odor quality of ovaries in adult female Eriocheir sinensis. Food Chem 2024; 430:137020. [PMID: 37544156 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of dietary supplementation to the feed with astaxanthin and/or DHA on the color and odor of Eriocheir sinensis ovaries. The results revealed that astaxanthin supplementation significantly increased redness of E. sinensis ovaries (P < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of either astaxanthin or DHA alone to the feed affected the deposition of carotenoids and fatty acids in E. sinensis ovaries. More importantly, the simultaneous supplementation of astaxanthin and DHA significantly improved color, carotenoid content, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content (P < 0.05) in E. sinensis ovaries, as well as increased the content of aroma compounds during thermal processing. Based on the present findings, the optimal combination of dietary astaxanthin and DHA is 100 mg/kg of synthetic astaxanthin and 0.15% of DHA, respectively, which could improve color and odor quality of ovaries for E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Renyue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xichang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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22
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Alster J, Bína D, Charvátová K, Lokstein H, Pšenčík J. Direct observation of triplet energy transfer between chlorophylls and carotenoids in the core antenna of photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2024; 1865:149016. [PMID: 37832862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Quenching of chlorophyll triplet states by carotenoids is an essential photoprotective process, which prevents formation of reactive singlet oxygen in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. The process is usually very efficient in oxygenic organisms under physiological conditions, thus preventing any observable accumulation of chlorophyll triplets. However, it subsequently prevents also the determination of the triplet transfer rate. Here we report results of nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy on photosystem I core complexes, where a major part of chlorophyll a triplet states (~60 %) accumulates on a nanosecond time scale at ambient temperature. As a consequence, the triplet energy transfer could be resolved and the transfer time was determined to be about 24 ns. A smaller fraction of chlorophyll a triplet states (~40 %) is quenched with a faster rate, which could not be determined. Our analysis indicates that these chlorophylls are in direct contact with carotenoids. The overall chlorophyll triplet yield in the core antenna was estimated to be ~0.3 %, which is a value two orders of magnitude smaller than in most other photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. This explains why slower quenching of chlorophyll triplet states is sufficient for photoprotection of photosystem I. Nevertheless, the core antenna of photosystem I represents one of only few photosynthetic complexes of oxygenic organisms in which the quenching rate of the majority of chlorophyll triplets can be directly monitored under physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - K Charvátová
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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23
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Dang Z, Zhu M, Chen H, Zhang Y, Gao A, Ma W, Chen Y, Wei Y, Zhang H. MiMYB10 transcription factor regulates biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoid involved genes in mango fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127665. [PMID: 37884236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential and beneficial substances for both plant and human health. Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality and commodity value. In this study, we performed integrative analyses of transcriptome data from two different type fruits, ripening peel color at green ('Neelum' mango) and red ('Irwin' mango). Specifically, we found that MiMYB10 transcription level was highly associated with mango peel color. Further, silencing MiMYB10 homologous gene in tomato fruits resulted in lower carotenoid and anthocyanin content. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase clarified that MiMYB10 regulates the carotenoid biosynthesis gene MiPDS (phytoene desaturase gene) in a direct manner. On the other hand, MiMYB10 activates the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes (PSY, Z-ISO, CRTISO, LCYE) and chlorophyll degradation gene (SGR1), promoting the accumulation of carotenoid, accelerating chlorophyll degradation, and controlling peel color. In summary, this study identified important roles of MiMYB10 in pigment regulatory and provided new options for breeding strategies aiming to improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Dang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Huarui Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Aiping Gao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Weihong Ma
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yeyuan Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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Kumari K, Kumar V, Nayaka S, Saxena G, Sanyal I. Physiological alterations and heavy metal accumulation in the transplanted lichen Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:84. [PMID: 38147167 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become a major concern due to its detrimental effects on living beings. The present study is aimed at assessing the current status of air pollution in Lucknow city using lichen transplantation technique and assesing its effect on physiology of Pyxine cocoes. The samples of P. cocoes were collected from relatively pollution-free area Malihabad and transplanted in 10 designated sites in five regions for 30 days. Various parameters such as heavy metals, chlorophyll pigments, carotenoid, chlorophyll degradation, and electrolyte conductivity were estimated in transplanted lichens. The study revealed that the concentration of all 10 heavy metals was higher in all transplanted samples than in the control sample, which was found in order of Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > Cd. Among all 10 transplanted sites, the significantly increased accumulation of aluminum (5.11 to 5.47 µg L-1), iron (4.73 to 5.46 µg L-1), manganese (110.99 to 144.58 µg g-1), and zinc (87.96 to 97.40 µg g-1) was found in Charbagh, Qaisarbagh, and Alambagh sites. Further, in all samples, chlorophyll a (3.98 µg L-1), chlorophyll b (1.22 µg L-1), total chlorophyll (5.20 µg L-1), and chlorophyll degradation (0.55 µg g-1) were significantly decreased, whereas elevated levels of carotenoid (0.71 µg g-1), and electrolyte conductivity (64.99 µS cm-1), were observed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigated the morphological changes in transplanted lichen samples, and significant damage to the anatomy of mycelium was found in most of the polluted site's samples, which correlated with the pollution levels. The present study clearly demonstrated that the transplanted lichen P. cocoes is an efficient bioaccumulator and bioindicator of air quality in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kumari
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanjeeva Nayaka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indraneel Sanyal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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25
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Xiang N, Zhang B, Hu J, Li K, Guo X. Modulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings by exogenous abscisic acid and salicylic acid under low temperature. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 43:1. [PMID: 38108914 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Abscisic acid could regulate structural genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and alleviate the decrease of carotenoids in maize seedlings under low-temperature stress. Low temperature often hampers the development of maize seedlings and hinders the accumulation of carotenoids, which are functional against chilling stress for plants and providing health benefits for human. To explore effective approaches in reducing chilling stress and enhancing the potential nutritional values of maize seedlings, exogenous plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) that may affect carotenoid biosynthesis were applied on low-temperature-stressed maize seedlings. Results showed that low temperature significantly reduced the carotenoid levels in maize seedlings, only preserving 62.8% in comparison to the control. The applied ABA probably interacted with the ABA-responsive cis-acting elements (ABREs) in the promoter regions of PSY3, ZDS and CHYB and activated their expressions. Consequently, the total carotenoid concentration was apparently increased to 1121 ± 47 ng·g-1 fresh weight (FW), indicating the stress alleviation by ABA. The application of SA did not yield positive results in alleviating chilling stress in maize seedlings. However, neoxanthin content could be notably boosted to 52.12 ± 0.45 ng·g-1 FW by SA, offering a biofortification strategy for specific nutritional enhancement. Structural gene PSY1 demonstrated positive correlations with β-carotene and zeaxanthin (r = 0.93 and 0.89), while CRTISO was correlated with total carotenoids (r = 0.92), indicating their critical roles in carotenoid accumulation. The present study exhibited the effectiveness of ABA to mitigate chilling stress and improve the potential nutritional values in low-temperature-stressed maize seedlings, thereby promoting the production of plant-based food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Guo C, Li S, Li Y, Huang R, Deng Y. Transcriptome and exosome proteome analyses provide insights into the mantle exosome involved in nacre color formation of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2023; 48:101151. [PMID: 37913699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Color polymorphisms in molluscan shells play an important economic in the aquaculture industry. Among bivalves, shell color diversity can reflect properties such as growth rate and tolerance. In pearl oysters, the nacre color of the donor is closely related to the pearl color. Numerous genes and proteins involved in nacre color formation have been identified within the exosomes of the mantle. In this study, we analyzed the carotenoids present in the mantle of gold- and silver-lipped pearl oysters, identifying capsanthin and xanthophyll as crucial pigments contributing to coloration. Transcriptome analysis of the mantle revealed several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in color formation, including ferric-chelate reductase, mantle genes, and larval shell matrix proteins. We also isolated and identified exosomes from the mantles of both gold- and silver-lipped strains of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii, revealing the extracellular transition mechanism of coloration-related proteins. From these exosomes, we obtained a total of 1223 proteins, with 126 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified. These proteins include those associated with carotenoid metabolism and Fe(III) metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, scavenger receptor proteins, β,β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase, ferritin, and ferritin heavy chains. This study may provide a new perspective on the nacre color formation process and the pathways involved in deposition within the pearl oyster P. f. martensii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ziman Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengao Guo
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Siyao Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Youxi Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ronglian Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Marine Ecology Early Warning and Monitoring Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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27
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Liu WJ, Gao JW, Zhang Y, Sun C, Xu L. Complete genome sequence of carotenoid-producing Aestuariibaculum lutulentum L182 T isolated from the tidal sediment. Mar Genomics 2023; 72:101074. [PMID: 38008534 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Aestuariibaculum lutulentum L182T (= KCTC 92530T = MCCC 1K08065T) was isolated from the tidal sediment collected in Beihai, People's Republic of China. The genome was sequenced and consisted of a single chromosome with the size of 3,782,725 bp and DNA G + C content of 35.1%. Genomic annotations demonstrated that it encoded 12 rRNA genes, 56 tRNA genes and 3210 ORFs. The percentages of ORFs assigned to CAZy, COG, and KEGG databases were 5.5, 86.2 and 45.5%, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that the pan- and core-genomes of the genus Aestuariibaculum consisted of 4826 and 2257 orthologous genes, respectively. Carbohydrate-active enzyme annotations of the genus Aestuariibaculum genomes revealed that they shared three polysaccharide lyase (PL) families including PL1, PL22 and PL42. Meanwhile, one carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster related to biosynthesizing flexixanthin was found in the genus Aestuariibaculum. Furthermore, the core-genome of the genus Aestuariibaculum showed that this genus played a role in cleaving pectate, degrading ulvan, and biosynthesizing carotenoids. This study is a complete genomic report of the genus Aestuariibaculum and broadens understandings of its ecological roles and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing 312075, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing 312075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing 312075, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing 312075, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing 312075, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Zhang Y, Takahama K, Osawa Y, Kuwahara D, Yamada R, Oyama KI, Honda M. Characteristics of LED light-induced geometrical isomerization and degradation of astaxanthin and improvement of the color value and crystallinity of astaxanthin utilizing the photoisomerization. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113553. [PMID: 37986432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation characterized by different emission wavelengths on the E/Z-isomerization and degradation of astaxanthin were investigated. LED irradiation slightly promoted Z-isomerization of astaxanthin, whereas the all-E-isomerization was highly efficiently promoted at specific wavelengths, especially at 365 nm. Astaxanthin isomers did not degrade significantly when dissolved in ethanol and subjected to LED irradiation conditions for 300 min. However, significant degradation was achieved when ethyl acetate was used for dissolution, and the samples were irradiated at the wavelength of 405 nm. The addition of α-tocopherol suppressed the photodegradation of astaxanthin. LED irradiation significantly affected the physical properties of astaxanthin Z-isomers. Irradiation with 365, 405, and 470 nm LEDs enhanced the color value (redness) and crystallinity of the Z-isomers via an all-E-isomerization reaction. These findings can contribute to the development of technologies that can arbitrarily control the E/Z-isomer ratio and physical properties of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan; Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takahama
- Technical Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osawa
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, 8 Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0815, Japan
| | - Daichi Kuwahara
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, 8 Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0815, Japan
| | - Rio Yamada
- Chemical Instrumentation Facility, Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kin-Ichi Oyama
- Chemical Instrumentation Facility, Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
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Hamidkhani A, Asgarani E, Saboora A, Ghorbanmehr N, Hejazi MA. Ethanol as a carotenoid production stimulator in Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/18. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:925-937. [PMID: 37213053 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a rich source of carotenoids. Carotenoid production is induced under specific conditions, i.e., high light intensity, high salt concentration, nutrient limitation, and suboptimal temperatures in this microalga. The control of environmental factors is vital for high productivity of carotenoids. In this paper, the effect of different ethanol concentrations in combination with nitrogen deficiency was investigated to induce carotenoid production in D. salina CCAP 19/18. Also, some biochemical and molecular parameters were investigated in response to ethanol in the cells. It was shown that ethanol at 0.5% concentration increased cell number but, at 5% concentration, reduced cell viability compared to the control. The highest carotenoid production was achieved at 3% ethanol concentration, which was 1.46 fold higher than the nitrogen deficiency condition. Investigation of the 3 carotenoid biosynthesis genes revealed that their expression levels increased at 3% ethanol concentration, and the phytoene synthase gene was the most upregulated one. Lipid peroxidation increased at both 3% and 5% ethanol concentrations. At 3% concentration, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, but no significant changes were seen at 5% ethanol concentration. Peroxidase activity reduced at both 3% and 5% concentrations. Moreover, proline and reducing sugar content increased at 3% concentration while decreased at 5% ethanol concertation. The results showed that at 3% ethanol concentration, higher carotenoid productivity was associated with an increase in other intracellular responses (molecular and biochemical). Ethanol as a controllable element may be beneficial to increase carotenoid production even under inappropriate environmental conditions in D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Hamidkhani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Ezat Asgarani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Azra Saboora
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Nassim Ghorbanmehr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Agricultural Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Tabriz, IR, Iran
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Macías-de la Rosa A, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García MC, Molina-Miras A, Soriano-Jerez Y, Sánchez-Mirón A, Seoane S, García-Camacho F. Assessment of the marine microalga Chrysochromulina rotalis as bioactive feedstock cultured in an easy-to-deploy light-emitting-diode-based tubular photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2023; 389:129818. [PMID: 37793555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae have potential to be low-cost raw materials. This depends on the exploitation of different biomass fractions for high-value products, including unique compounds. Chrysochromulina rotalis, an under-explored haptophyte with promising properties, was the focus of this study. For the first time, C. rotalis was successfully cultivated in an 80 L tubular photobioreactor, illuminated by an easy-to-use light-emitting-diode-based system. C. rotalis grew without certain trace elements and showed adaptability to different phosphorus sources, allowing a significant reduction in the N:P ratio without compromising biomass yield and productivity. The design features of the photobioreactor provided a protective environment that ensured consistent biomass production from this shear-sensitive microalgae. Carotenoid analysis showed fucoxanthin and its derivatives as major components, with essential fatty acids making up a significant proportion of the total. The study emphasizes the tubular photobioreactor's role in sustainable biomass production for biorefineries, with C. rotalis as a valuable bioactive feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macías-de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Y Soriano-Jerez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - S Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Ferraz MC, Júnior FDO, Barroso LA, de Figueiredo Furtado G, Cunha RL, Hubinger MD. Co-encapsulation of Paprika and Cinnamon Oleoresins by Spray Drying in a Mayonnaise Model: Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids Using in vitro Digestion. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:676-682. [PMID: 37721655 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the digestibility and bioaccessibility of spray-dried microparticles co-encapsulating paprika and cinnamon oleoresins using simulated gastrointestinal conditions. It focused on exploring the potential of these co-encapsulated active compounds, which possess diverse technological and functional properties, particularly within a food matrix, in order to enhance their bioavailability. Mayonnaise was selected as the food matrix for its ability to promote the diffusion of carotenoids, as most hydrophobic compounds are better absorbed in the intestine when accompanied by digestible lipids. Model spice mayonnaise, containing 0.5 wt% paprika and cinnamon microparticles content, was formulated in compliance with Brazilian regulations for spices, seasonings, and sauce formulations. Droplet size distribution, optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy analyses were conducted on the microparticles, model spice mayonnaise, and standard mayonnaise both before and after in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion. Following digestion, all samples demonstrated droplet aggregation and coalescence. Remarkably, dispersed particles (37.40 ± 2.58%) and model spice mayonnaise (17.76 ± 0.07%) showed the highest release rate of free fatty acids (FFAs), indicating efficient lipid digestion. The study found that using mayonnaise as a delivery system significantly increased bioaccessibility (22.7%). This suggests that particles in an aqueous medium have low solubility, while the high lipid composition of mayonnaise facilitates the delivery of active compounds from carotenoids present in paprika and cinnamon oleoresin after digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Costa Ferraz
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Divino Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Lívia Alves Barroso
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Figueiredo Furtado
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Lopes Cunha
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Miriam Dupas Hubinger
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
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Yeo HJ, Ki WY, Lee S, Kim CY, Kim JK, Park SU, Park CH. Metabolite profiles and biological activities of different phenotypes of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Food Res Int 2023; 174:113619. [PMID: 37981381 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is considered as one of the most important cruciferous vegetables in South Korea because of its use in salads, kimchi, and Korean cuisine. Secondary metabolites were quantified in three Chinese cabbage varieties: 65065, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red cabbage exhibiting a deep purple color; 85772, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red mustard exhibiting a reddish-purple color; and a typical Chinese green cabbage cultivar "CR Carotene" (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. CR Carotene). A total of 54 metabolites (2 amines, 2 sugar alcohols, 2 sugar phosphates, 6 carbohydrates, 18 amino acids, 13 organic acids, 8 phenolic compounds, and 3 carotenoids) were detected in 85772. Of them, 52 metabolites excluding β-carotene and 9-cis-β-carotene, and 51 metabolites excluding leucine, β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene, were detected in 65065 and CR Carotene, respectively. Amino acid content was the highest in 85772, followed by 65065 and CR Carotene. The cultivars 65065 and 85772 contained high levels of phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins. Cyanidin-, pelargonidin-, and petunidin-type anthocyanins were detected in 65065 and 85772. However, delphinidin-type anthocyanins which typically impart a deep purple color were identified only in the deep purple phenotype 65065. Furthermore, the total anthocyanin content was the highest in 85772 (4.38 ± 0.65 mg g -1 dry weight) followed by that in 65065 (3.72 ± 0.52 mg g-1 dry weight). Antibacterial and antioxidant analyses revealed remarkable antibacterial effects of the purple cultivars against pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus (KCTC 2471), Bacillus cereus (KCTC 3624), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11803), Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 3881), Chryseobacterium gleum (KCTC 2094), and Proteus mirabilis (KCTC 2510)] and methicillin-resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0826, 0225, 0254, 1113, 1378, 1731, p01827, and p01828) compared with the antibacterial effects of CR Carotene. Furthermore, 65065 and 85772 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of the CR Carotene. Therefore, the novel purple Chinese cabbages (65065 and 85772), derived from interspecific hybridization, are potentially favorable alternatives to the typical green Chinese cabbage, given the higher content of amino acids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, as well as an increased ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeal Ki
- Kwonnong Seed Co., 186 Pungnyeon-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28394, Republic of Korea
| | - Seom Lee
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Ryu YK, Lee WK, Choi WY, Kim T, Lee YJ, Park A, Kim T, Oh C, Heo SJ, Kim JH, Jeon GE, Kang DH. A novel drying film culture method applying a natural phenomenon: Increased carotenoid production by Haematococcus sp. Bioresour Technol 2023; 390:129827. [PMID: 37802367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Low productivity and high cost remain major bottlenecks for the large-scale production of Haematococcus sp. This study explored biomass production and carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus sp. (KCTC 12348BP) using drying film culture. The broth-cultured strain (3.2 × 106 cells/mL, 0.83 ± 0.02 mg/mL for a 21 d culture) was cultured under various conditions (different inoculum volumes and mist feeding intervals) in waterless agar plates at 28 ± 0.5 °C, under fluorescent light (12 h light-dark cycle) for 1 month. The maximum biomass obtained was 17.60 ± 0.72 g/m2, while the maximum astaxanthin concentration was 8.23 ± 1.13 mg/g in the culture using 1 mL inoculum and 3 d feeding interval. Drought stress in drying film culture effectively induced the accumulation of carotenoids from β-carotene, facilitating the production of canthaxanthin via the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway. This cost-effective culture system can increase the biomass and carotenoid pigment production in Haematococcus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kyun Ryu
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Technology & Convergence Engineering (Marine Biotechnology), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Technology & Convergence Engineering (Marine Biotechnology), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Yong Choi
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihun Kim
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Lee
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Areumi Park
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Oh
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Technology & Convergence Engineering (Marine Biotechnology), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Technology & Convergence Engineering (Marine Biotechnology), KIOST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Eun Jeon
- Marine Environment Impact Assessment Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Office of the President, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Wang S, Liu X, Zhao G, Yang L, Zhu L, Liu H. Improvement in texture and color of soy protein isolate gel containing capsorubin and carotenoid emulsions following microwave heating. Food Chem 2023; 428:136743. [PMID: 37441934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microwave heating on the properties and pigment release of soybean protein isolate (SPI) emulsion gel and hydrogel were investigated. The properties of the samples were analyzed by rheology and texture. The results showed that the hardness of the emulsion gel was lower than that of the hydrogel, but the cohesiveness was the opposite. The hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction between SPI and soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) enhanced the thermal stability of the gel, and the enthalpy values were the lowest. In addition, a chroma meter was used to assess the slow-release effect of pigment, with results indicating that the emulsion gel was more red and yellow than the hydrogel; the values of a* and b* were reduced with the extension of heating time, indicating that the emulsion had a good protective effect on carotenoids and capsorubin, which was helpful to the application of the pigment in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Xiulin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Guilan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
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Zhou N, Yan Y, Wen Y, Zhang M, Huang Y. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis unveils the mechanism of color-transition in Edgeworthia chrysantha tepals. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:567. [PMID: 37968605 PMCID: PMC10652483 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edgeworthia chrysantha, a deciduous shrub endemic to China, is known for its high ornamental value, extensive cultivation history, and wide-ranging applications. However, theoretical research on this plant is severely lacking. While its flowering process displays striking color transitions from green (S1) to yellow (S2) and then to white (S3), the scientific exploration of this phenomenon is limited, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. RESULTS Correlation analysis between phenotypic measurements and pigment content revealed that carotenoids and chlorophyll are the key pigments responsible for the color changes. Metabolomic analysis of carotenoids demonstrated that lutein and β-carotene were present at higher levels in S1, while S2 exhibited increased diversity and quantity of carotenoids compared to other stages. Notably, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and α-cryptoxanthin showed significant increases. In S3, apart from the colorless phytoene, other carotenoid metabolites were significantly reduced to extremely low levels. Transcriptomic data indicated that PSY, Z-ISO, crtZ, ZEP, PDS and ZDS are key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, while NCED plays a crucial role in carotenoid degradation. SGR was identified as a key gene contributing to the progressive decline in chlorophyll content. Additionally, three transcription factors potentially regulating carotenoid metabolism were also identified. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first systematic investigation, spanning from phenotypic to molecular levels, of the color-changing phenomenon in E. chrysantha. The study elucidates the crucial pigments, metabolites, genes, and transcription factors responsible for flower color changes during the flowering process, thereby providing preliminary understanding of the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of flower color in E. chrysantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningzhi Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yujuan Yan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Yafeng Wen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Minhuan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Nanning University, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Zheng J, Yang X, Ye J, Su D, Wang L, Liao Y, Zhang W, Wang Q, Chen Q, Xu F. Multiomics analysis provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis in yellow peach peel. Mol Hortic 2023; 3:23. [PMID: 37919829 PMCID: PMC10623742 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, as natural tetraterpenes, play a pivotal role in the yellow coloration of peaches and contribute to human dietary health. Despite a relatively clear understanding of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs involved in carotenoid synthesis in yellow peaches remain poorly elucidated. This study investigated a total of 14 carotenoids and 40 xanthophyll lipids, including six differentially accumulated carotenoids: violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, and (E/Z)-phytoene. An integrated analysis of RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and degradome sequencing revealed that miRNAs could modulate structural genes such as PSY2, CRTISO, ZDS1, CHYB, VDE, ZEP, NCED1, NCED3 and the transcription factors NAC, ARF, WRKY, MYB, and bZIP, thereby participating in carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism. The authenticity of miRNAs and target gene was corroborated through quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, through weighted gene coexpression network analysis and a phylogenetic evolutionary study, coexpressed genes and MYB transcription factors potentially implicated in carotenoid synthesis were identified. The results of transient expression experiments indicated that mdm-miR858 inhibited the expression of PpMYB9 through targeted cleavage. Building upon these findings, a regulatory network governing miRNA-mediated carotenoid synthesis was proposed. In summary, this study comprehensively identified miRNAs engaged in carotenoid biosynthesis and their putative target genes, thus enhancing the understanding of carotenoid accumulation and regulatory mechanism in yellow peach peel and expanding the gene regulatory network of carotenoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Dongxue Su
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Qijian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Qiangwen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
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Hu YQ, Hu TG, Xu YJ, Wu JJ, Song XL, Yu YS. Interaction mechanism of carotenoids and polyphenols in mango peels. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113303. [PMID: 37803615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carotenoids and polyphenols were demonstrated to be the major active substances in the crude pigment extracts (CPE) of mango peels, accounting for 0.26 mg/g and 0.15 mg/g, respectively. The interactions between carotenoids and polyphenols in CPE was observed, as evidenced by that polyphenols significantly improved the antioxidant activity and storage stability of carotenoids in the CPE. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy showed that polyphenols are tightly bound to carotenoids. To further elucidate the interaction mechanism, the monomers of carotenoids and polyphenols were identified by HPLC and LC-MS analysis. Lutein (203.85 μg/g), β-carotene (41.40 μg/g), zeaxanthin (4.20 μg/g) and α-carotene (1.50 μg/g) were authenticated as the primary monomers of carotenoids. Polyphenols were mainly consisted of gallic acid (95.10 μg/g), quercetin-3-β-glucoside (29.10 μg/g), catechin (11.85 μg/g) and quercetin (11.55 μg/g). The interaction indexes between carotenoid and polyphenol monomer of CPE were calculated. The result indicated that lutein and gallic acid showed the greatest synergistic effect on the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radical, suggesting the interaction between carotenoids and polyphenols in CPE was mainly caused by lutein and gallic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic parameters analysis demonstrated that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces played dominant roles in the interaction between lutein and gallic acid, which was confirmed by Raman and X-ray diffraction. These results provided a new perspective on the interaction mechanism between carotenoids and polyphenols, which offered a novel strategy for the enhancement of the activities and stability of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Hu
- Sericultural Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, PR China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517001, PR China.
| | - Yu-Juan Xu
- Sericultural Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ji-Jun Wu
- Sericultural Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian-Liang Song
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Shan Yu
- Sericultural Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, PR China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517001, PR China.
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Nunes L, Hashemi N, Gregersen SB, Tavares GM, Corredig M. Compartmentalization of lutein in simple and double emulsions containing protein nanoparticles: Effects on stability and bioaccessibility. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113404. [PMID: 37803740 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivery systems designed through protein stabilized emulsions are promising for incorporating carotenoids in different products. Nevertheless, the versatility in structures of such systems raises questions regarding the effect of the bioactive compound localization on their bio-efficacy, in particular for double emulsions. In this context, the aims of this study were to determine the impact of the localization of lutein in different water/oil/water double emulsions versus a single oil/water emulsion on the stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of lutein, a lipophilic carotenoid. The inner aqueous phase, which contained whey protein isolate (WPI) nanoparticles obtained by desolvation, was emulsified in sunflower oil stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). The primary emulsion was then emulsified in a continuous aqueous phase containing whey protein isolate (WPI) and xanthan gum, the latter to increase the viscosity of the outer phase and delay creaming. Lutein was incorporated using different strategies: (1) lutein entrapped by WPI nanoparticles within the inner water phase of a double emulsion (W-L/O/W); (2) lutein incorporated into the oil phase of the double emulsion (W/O-L/W); (3) lutein incorporated in the oil phase of a single emulsion (O-L/W). All systems contained similar whey protein concentrations, as well as all other stabilizers. W-L/O/W sample showed the lowest lutein stability against light exposure during storage, and the highest lutein bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion, for freshly made samples. Furthermore, the in vitro bioaccessibility of lutein incorporated into the single emulsion was considerably lower than those observed for the double emulsions. The results reinforce the importance of designing appropriate structures for delivering improved stability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauane Nunes
- CiFOOD, Food Science Department, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 9200, Denmark; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Negin Hashemi
- CiFOOD, Food Science Department, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 9200, Denmark
| | | | - Guilherme M Tavares
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Milena Corredig
- CiFOOD, Food Science Department, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 9200, Denmark
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Yu J, Renard CMGC, Zhang L, Gleize B. Fate of Amadori compounds in processing and digestion of multi-ingredients tomato based sauces and their effect on other microconstituents. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113381. [PMID: 37803719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Amadori compounds (ACs), the first stable products of Maillard reaction, are detected in various products of fruits and vegetables, and show an antioxidant activity which can be related to beneficial effects in human health. In order to optimize the nutritional quality of a multi-ingredient tomato sauce (tomato puree - onion - olive oil - dried pepper), the fate of ACs during processing (drying, heating) and gastrointestinal digestion of a model meal was assessed as well as that of other microconstituents, i.e. carotenoids, phenolic compounds and capsaicinoids. The drying at 50 °C of fresh pepper induced the formation and accumulation of ACs after 6 days. During the heat treatment by microwave of multi-ingredient tomato sauce, Maillard reaction occurs in presence of dried pepper and the content in ACs in the tomato-based sauces increased (+33% to + 53%) depending of quantities of dried pepper added. The bioaccessibility of total ACs was 24-31% in duodenal phase and 18-22% in jejunal phase. Individual ACs have shown variable bioaccessibility, e.g. very high for Fru-Arg (50.8% to 71.3%), and very low for Fru-Met (1.8% to 2.2%). The kinetic monitoring of ACs in digestion medium showed that ACs are not stable (-46% in gastric phase, -49 % in intestinal phase) which indicated their potential degradation in the digestive tract. The presence of ACs in the multi-ingredients tomato sauces had no effect on the content of the other bioactive compounds monitored in the study and even promoted the bioaccessibility of total lycopene (+30%) but decreased the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR SQPOV, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Lianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Béatrice Gleize
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR SQPOV, F-84000 Avignon, France.
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Satoh I, Gotou K, Nagatsuma S, Nagashima KVP, Kobayashi M, Yu LJ, Madigan MT, Kimura Y, Wang-Otomo ZY. Selective expression of light-harvesting complexes alters phospholipid composition in the intracytoplasmic membrane and core complex of purple phototrophic bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2023; 1864:149001. [PMID: 37527691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid-protein interactions play important roles in regulating the function and morphology of photosynthetic membranes in purple phototrophic bacteria. Here, we characterize the phospholipid composition of intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) from Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides that has been genetically altered to selectively express light-harvesting (LH) complexes. In the mutant strain (DP2) that lacks a peripheral light-harvesting (LH2) complex, the phospholipid composition was significantly different from that of the wild-type strain; strain DP2 showed a marked decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and large increases in cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicating preferential interactions between the complexes and specific phospholipids. Substitution of the core light-harvesting (LH1) complex of Rba. sphaeroides strain DP2 with that from the purple sulfur bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum further altered the phospholipid composition, with substantial increases in PG and PE and decreases in CL and PC, indicating that the phospholipids incorporated into the ICM depend on the nature of the LH1 complex expressed. Purified LH1-reaction center core complexes (LH1-RC) from the selectively expressing strains also contained different phospholipid compositions than did core complexes from their corresponding wild-type strains, suggesting different patterns of phospholipid association between the selectively expressed LH1-RC complexes and those purified from native strains. Effects of carotenoids on the phospholipid composition were also investigated using carotenoid-suppressed cells and carotenoid-deficient species. The findings are discussed in relation to ICM morphology and specific LH complex-phospholipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Satoh
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - K Gotou
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - S Nagatsuma
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - K V P Nagashima
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - L-J Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - M T Madigan
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Y Kimura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Z-Y Wang-Otomo
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan.
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Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Szadzińska J, Biegańska-Marecik R, Spiżewski T, Mierzwa D. Effect of ultrasound on mass transfer during vacuum impregnation and selected quality parameters of products: A case study of carrots. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 99:106592. [PMID: 37696212 PMCID: PMC10498177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Many unit operations in the food industry are diffusional driven. These processes are usually very slow and difficult to handle for specific groups of raw materials. Vacuum impregnation (VI) is one example. Impregnating low-porous or densely-structured materials is problematic and often requires low pressure, which can negatively affect product quality and be expensive in energy consumption. This research aimed to evaluate ultrasound (US) as a factor in intensifying mass transfer and enhancing its effectiveness in the VI process. Experiments on impregnation enhanced with ultrasound applied at different stages of the process were carried out. Carrot, a difficult-to-process raw material, was impregnated with ascorbic acid as a mass transfer marker. The process's effectiveness and selected quality parameters were then analyzed. Ultrasound was found to have a positive influence on mass transfer during VI. The effects of ultrasound enhancement were different for particular processes, and depended on the stage of the application and duration of US exposure. The greatest increase in the tissue's ascorbic acid content (60% compared to the non-ultrasound-assisted process) was observed when ultrasound was applied continuously throughout the process. Applying ultrasound only during the relaxation (at atmospheric pressure) or aeration periods resulted in a similar effect - c.a. 20% increase in the marker's content. The smallest increase (10%) was observed when ultrasound was applied only during the vacuum period. Applying US did not result in any unfavorable color change. In most cases, pH decreased, which is favorable for the semi-product's stability. The carotenoid and phenolic compounds' content did not decrease. The results unequivocally indicate that ultrasound has great potential for use as a mass transfer accelerator in the VI process for low porosity materials. The effectiveness of the US is influenced not only by pressure but also by exposure duration. The synergistic effect observed using ultrasound-enhanced impregnation throughout the process confirmed this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Justyna Szadzińska
- Division of Process Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Róża Biegańska-Marecik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Division of Process Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
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Yin QJ, Tang HZ, Zhu FC, Liu X, Xing YZ, Tang LC, Li XG. Complete genome of Rossellomorea sp. DA94, an agarolytic and orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment of the South China Sea. Mar Genomics 2023; 71:101059. [PMID: 37620055 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Rossellomorea sp. DA94, isolated from mangrove sediment in the South China Sea (Beihai, Guangxi province), is an agarolytic and orange-pigmented bacterium. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of strain DA94, which comprises 4.63 Mb sequences with 43.5% GC content. In total, 4589 CDSs, 33 rRNA genes and 110 tRNA genes were obtained. Genomic analysis of strain DA94 revealed that 108 CAZymes were organized in 4578 PULs involved in polysaccharides degradation, transport, and regulation. Further, we performed the diversity of CAZymes and PULs comparison among Rossellomorea strains. Less CAZymes were organized more PULs, indicating highly efficiently polysaccharides utilization in Rossellomorea. Meanwhile, PUL0459, PUL0460 and PUL0316 related to agar degradation, and exolytic beta-agarase GH50, endo-type beta-agarase GH86 and arylsulfatase were identified in the genome of strain DA94. We verified that strain DA94 can degrade agar to form a bright clear zone around the bacterial colonies in the laboratory. Moreover, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways were proposed, which may be responsible for orange-pigment of Rossellomorea sp. DA94. This study represents a thorough genomic characterization of CAZymes repertoire and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Rossellomorea, provides insight into diversity of related enzymes and their potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Jian Yin
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China.
| | - Hong-Zhi Tang
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Fang-Chao Zhu
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Yong-Ze Xing
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Li-Chang Tang
- Beihai Public Inspection and Testing Centre, Beihai, China
| | - Xue-Gong Li
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.
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Guo P, Huang Z, Zhao W, Lin N, Wang Y, Shang F. Mechanisms for leaf color changes in Osmanthus fragrans 'Ziyan Gongzhu' using physiology, transcriptomics and metabolomics. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:453. [PMID: 37752431 PMCID: PMC10523669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Color-leaved O. fragrans is a variety of Osmanthus fragrans, which has both the fragrance of Osmanthus and the color of color-leaved plants. However, the molecular mechanism of color change of color-leaved O. fragrans is not clear. In this study, we analyzed the regulatory mechanism of four different color leaves of 'Ziyan Gongzhu' through physiological, transcriptome and metabolome levels. RESULTS Firstly, we measured the leaf pigments content and leaf chromatic parameters for correlation analysis, indicating a significant correlation between them. Overall, the content of chlorophyll a + b is low and the content of anthocyanin is high in T1 and T2 leaves, along with low expression of chlorophyll synthesis genes (HEMA, CHLG, and CAO, etc.) and high expression of anthocyanin synthesis genes (F3H, F3'H, DFR and ANS, etc.), resulting purple red and light purple in T1 and T2 leaves, respectively. It was also found that the pigment closely related to the color leaves of 'Ziyan Gongzhu' was cyanidin. The content anthocyanins, may be regulated by two putative MYB activators (OfMYB3 and OfMYB4) and two putative MYB repressors (OfMYB1 and OfMYB2). In contrast, the content of chlorophyll a + b is high and the content of anthocyanin is low in T3 and T4 leaves, along with high expression of chlorophyll synthesis genes and low expression of anthocyanin synthesis genes, resulting yellow green and dark green in T3 and T4 leaves, respectively. And abnormal chloroplast development affects chlorophyll content in T1, T2, and T3 leaves. Although the content of carotenoids first dropped in T2 leaves, it then rapidly accumulated in T4 leaves, in sync with the increase in the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis (ZDS, LHYB, and ZEP, for example). Analysis of photosynthetic, carbohydrate and hormone-related differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) and DEGs found that they may participate in the regulation of leaf color change of 'Ziyan Gongzhu' by affecting pigment synthesis. CONCLUSION Our results pave the way for a comprehensive knowledge of the regulatory processes governing leaf color in 'Ziyan Gongzhu' and identify possible genes for application regarding molecular colored-leaf cultivar breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ziqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Nan Lin
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Fude Shang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Osmanthus Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
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Cavalcante SB, Dos Santos Biscaino C, Kreusch MG, da Silva AF, Duarte RTD, Robl D. The hidden rainbow: the extensive biotechnological potential of Antarctic fungi pigments. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1675-1687. [PMID: 37286926 PMCID: PMC10484874 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic continent is an extreme environment recognized mainly by its subzero temperatures. Fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that stand out even among Antarctic organisms, primarily due to secondary metabolites production with several biological activities. Pigments are examples of such metabolites, which mainly occur in response to hostile conditions. Various pigmented fungi have been isolated from the Antarctic continent, living in the soil, sedimentary rocks, snow, water, associated with lichens, mosses, rhizospheres, and zooplankton. Physicochemical extreme environments provide a suitable setup for microbial pigment production with unique characteristics. The biotechnological potential of extremophiles, combined with concerns over synthetic pigments, has led to a great interest in natural pigment alternatives. Besides biological activities provided by fungal pigments for surviving in extreme environments (e.g., photoprotection, antioxidant activity, and stress resistance), it may present an opportunity for biotechnological industries. This paper reviews the biotechnological potential of Antarctic fungal pigments, with a detailed discussion over the biological role of fungal pigments, potential industrial production of pigments from extremophilic fungi, pigments toxicity, current market perspective and published intellectual properties related to pigmented Antarctic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Barros Cavalcante
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitlogy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla Dos Santos Biscaino
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitlogy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marianne Gabi Kreusch
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitlogy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - André Felipe da Silva
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Rubens Tadeu Delgado Duarte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitlogy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitlogy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Chhetri G, Kim I, Park S, Jung Y, Seo T. Planobacterium oryzisoli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from roots of rice plant. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:324. [PMID: 37656250 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore forming bacterium, designated strain GCR5T, was isolated from soil of paddy field. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GCR5T belongs to the genus Planobacterium and is related to Planobacterium taklimakanense NCTC 13490 T (96.1%, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Colonies on R2A were white but they turn into bright yellow after exponential growth. They produce carotenoid pigment after 5-6 days of incubation, before that carotenoid pigment was not found. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6, and major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3OH. Polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids, three unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid and five unidentified polar lipids. The strain GCR5T was found to have a 2,106,200 bp linear genome with G + C content of 43.7%. The ANI, dDDH and AAI values between the strain GCR5T and the type strains of phylogenetically related species were 60.2-71.1%, 19-24.3%, and 60.2-69.6%, respectively. The strain designated GCR5T produced indole acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of tryptophan only, and auxin responsive genes and tryptophan biosynthesis genes were found in its genome. Based on its polyphasic characteristics, strain GCR5T represents a novel species within the genus Planobacterium, for which the name Planobacterium oryzisoli sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is GCR5T (= KCTC 82713 T = TISTR 2996 T = TBRC 15746 T).Repositories: The draft genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain GCR5T have been deposited at GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession numbers JADKYY000000000 and MN955408, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Chhetri
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
| | - Inhyup Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
| | - Yonghee Jung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
| | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, South Korea.
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46
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Kang L, Zhang C, Liu J, Ye M, Zhang L, Chen F, Lin X, Yang D, Ren L, Li Y, Kim HS, Kwak SS, Li H, Deng X, Zhang P, Ke Q. Overexpression of potato ORANGE (StOR) and StOR mutant in Arabidopsis confers increased carotenoid accumulation and tolerance to abiotic stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107809. [PMID: 37315350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ORANGE (OR) plays essential roles in regulating carotenoid homeostasis and enhancing the ability of plants to adapt to environmental stress. However, OR proteins have been functionally characterized in only a few plant species, and little is known about the role of potato OR (StOR). In this study, we characterized the StOR gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic). StOR is predominantly localized to the chloroplast, and its transcripts are tissue-specifically expressed and significantly induced in response to abiotic stress. Compared with wild type, overexpression of StOR increased β-carotene levels up to 4.8-fold, whereas overexpression of StORHis with a conserved arginine to histidine substitution promoted β-carotene accumulation up to 17.6-fold in Arabidopsis thaliana calli. Neither StOR nor StORHis overexpression dramatically affected the transcript levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, overexpression of either StOR or StORHis increased abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was associated with higher photosynthetic capacity and antioxidative activity. Taken together, these results indicate that StOR could be exploited as a potential new genetic tool for the improvement of crop nutritional quality and environmental stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junke Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Muying Ye
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Fengfeng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dongjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Liping Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hongbing Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingbo Ke
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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47
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Lyu Y, Chen Q, Gou M, Wu X, Bi J. Influence of different pre-treatments on flavor quality of freeze-dried carrots mediated by carotenoids and metabolites during 120-day storage. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113050. [PMID: 37316031 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in carotenoids and volatiles (including β-carotene-metabolites) of freeze-dried carrots (FDC) treated by thermal/nonthermal-ultrasound (40 KHz, 10 min) and ascorbic (2%, w/v)-CaCl2 (1%, w/v) solution ((H)UAA-CaCl2) during a 120-day storage period were investigated. The results of HS-SPME/GC-MS showed that caryophyllene was the dominant volatile compound (70.80-275.74 µg/g, d.b) in FDC, and 144 volatile compounds were detected in 6 samples. Besides, 23 volatile compounds were significantly correlated with β-carotene content (p < 0.05), and β-carotene degraded to off-flavor compounds (β-ionone: 22.85-117.26 µg/g, β-cyclocitral: 0-113.84 µg/g and dihydroactindiolide: 4.04-128.37 µg/g) that had adverse effects on FDC flavor. However, UAA-CaCl2 effectively preserved the total carotenoid content (793.37 µg/g), and HUAA-CaCl2 reduced the off-odors (such as β-cyclocitral and isothymol) formation at the end of storage. These results indicated that (H)UAA-CaCl2 treatments were conducive to the maintenance of carotenoids and the flavor quality of FDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lyu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qinqin Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Min Gou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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48
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Dong C, Wang Z, Qin L, Zhang C, Cao L, Li H, Ma X. Overexpression of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase 1 (NnGGPPS1) From Nelumbo nucifera Enhances Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Content and Biomass. Gene 2023; 881:147645. [PMID: 37453723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As the traditional herb with pharmacological compounds in China, the key genes related with terpenoid biosynthesis are still unveiled in Nelumbo nucifera. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) is one of the key enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis, synthesizing the common precursor of GGPP for downstream enzymes for generating various terpenoids. In this study, four NnGGPPS genes were isolated from N. nucifera. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses indicate that NnGGPPS1 and NnGGPPS2 belong to large subunit (LSU). Whereas NnGGPPS3 and NnGGPPS4 are classified as small subunit (SSU) of SSU Ⅱ and SSU I, respectively. Among four NnGGPPSs, only NnGGPPS1 and NnGGPPS2 can produce GGPP in bacterial pigment complementation assay. Combination analysis of subcellular localization and gene co-expression analysis (GCN) illustrates that NnGGPPS1 is the main transcript related with methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation. Overexpression of NnGGPPS1 improves the growth of transgenic tobacco, and increases carotenoids and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, NnGGPPS1 transgenic tobacco exhibits improved photosynthesis efficiency and ROS scavenging ability. The up-regulated expression of the key genes in MEP pathway, carotenoid biosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis, result in the increase of metabolic flux in NnGGPPS1 transgenic lines. Furthermore, the elevated MEP-derived primary metabolites of carotenoid and chlorophyll was attributed to enhancement of plant biomass of NnGGPPS1 transgenic lines. Therefore, NnGGPPS1 plays a vital role in biosynthesis of carotenoid and chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lili Qin
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Longyun Cao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xintian Ma
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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49
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Moreira VS, de Souza VC, Soares VLF, Sousa AO, de Nascimento KTDS, de Santana MR, Rebouças TNH, Leitão CAE, Goliatt PVZC, Faria DV, Otoni WC, Costa MGC. Dynamics of annatto pigment synthesis and accumulation in seeds of Bixa orellana L. revealed by integrated chemical, anatomical, and RNA-Seq analyses. Protoplasma 2023; 260:1207-1219. [PMID: 36787048 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bixin is a commercially valuable apocarotenoid pigment found in the seed aril of Bixa orellana. The dynamics and regulation of its biosynthesis and accumulation during seed development remain largely unknown. Here, we combined chemical, anatomical, and transcriptomic data to provide stage-specific resolution of the cellular and molecular events occurring during B. orellana seed development. Seeds at five developmental stages (S1-S5) were used for analysis of bixin content and seed anatomy, and three of them (S1, S3, and S4) were selected for Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Bixin accumulated in large quantities in seeds compared with other tissues analyzed, particularly during the S2 stage, peaking at the S4 stage, and then decreasing slightly in the S5 stage. Anatomical analysis revealed that bixin accumulated in the large central vacuole of specialized cells, which were scattered throughout the developing mesotesta at the S2 stage, but enlarged progressively at later stages, until they occupied most of the parenchyma in the aril. A total of 13 million reads were generated and assembled into 73,381 protein-encoding contigs, from which 312 were identified as containing 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP), carotenoid, and bixin pathways genes. Differential transcriptome expression analysis of these genes revealed that 50 of them were sequentially and differentially expressed through the seed developmental stages analyzed, including seven carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, eight aldehyde dehydrogenases, and 22 methyltransferases. Taken together, these results show that bixin synthesis and accumulation in seeds of B. orellana are a developmentally regulated process involving the coordinated expression of DOXP/MEP, carotenoid, and bixin biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Santos Moreira
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência E Tecnologia da Bahia, Euclides da Cunha, Bahia, 48500-000, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Carius de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências da Computação, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Lúcia Fontes Soares
- Centro de Biotecnologia E Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Aurizangela Oliveira Sousa
- Centro Multidisciplinar Do Campus Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Universidade Federal Do Oeste da Bahia, Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, 47850‑000, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Reis de Santana
- Centro de Biotecnologia E Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Tiyoko Nair Hojo Rebouças
- Departamento de Fitotecnia E Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, 45083-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos André Espolador Leitão
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, 45083-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Vidal Faria
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa
- Centro de Biotecnologia E Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.
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50
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Mascellani A, Mercl F, Kurhan S, Pierdona L, Kudrna J, Zemanova V, Hnilicka F, Kloucek P, Tlustos P, Havlik J. Biochemical and physiological changes in Zea mays L. after exposure to the environmental pharmaceutical pollutant carbamazepine. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138689. [PMID: 37059200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a matter of great concern. They are consistently found in the environment, raising concerns regarding human exposure through dietary intake. In this study, we observed the effect of the application of carbamazepine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 1000 μg per kg of soil contamination levels to assess stress metabolism in Zea mays L. cv. Ronaldinio at the 4th leaf, tasselling, and dent phenological stages. The transfer of carbamazepine to the aboveground and root biomass was assessed, and uptake increased dose-dependently. No direct effect on biomass production was observed, but multiple physiological and chemical changes were observed. Major effects were consistently observed at the 4th leaf phenological stage for all contamination levels, including reduced photosynthetic rate, reduced maximal and potential activity of photosystem II, decreased water potential, decreased carbohydrates (glucose and fructose) and γ-aminobutyric acid in roots, and increased maleic acid and phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid and its isomer, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) in aboveground biomass. A reduction in net photosynthesis was observed for the older phenological stages, whereas no other relevant and consistent physiological and metabolic changes related to contamination exposure were detected. Our results indicate that Z. mays can overcome the environmental stress caused by the accumulation of carbamazepine with notable metabolic changes at the early phenological stage; however, older plants adapted and only exhibited minor effects in the presence of the contaminant. The potential implications for agricultural practice could be associated with the plant's response to simultaneous stresses due to metabolite changes associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mascellani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mercl
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Sebnem Kurhan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Pierdona
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kudrna
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zemanova
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hnilicka
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kloucek
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustos
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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