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Bekkering C, Yu S, Kuo CC, Tian L. Distinct growth patterns in seedling and tillering wheat plants suggests a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt-stress response. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:119. [PMID: 38632145 PMCID: PMC11024023 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Mutants lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs showed improved seedling growth, but comparable or increased susceptibility to salt stress in tillering plants, suggesting a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt response. Salinity stress threatens global food security by reducing the yield of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum ssp.). Understanding how wheat responds to salinity stress is crucial for developing climate resilient varieties. In this study, we examined the interplay between carotenoid metabolism and the response to salt (NaCl) stress, a specific form of salinity stress, in tetraploid wheat plants with mutations in carotenoid β-hydroxylase 1 (HYD1) and HYD2. Our investigation encompassed both the vulnerable seedling stage and the more developed tillering stage of wheat plant growth. Mutant combinations lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs, including hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-A1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, and hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, had longer first true leaves and slightly enhanced root growth during germination under salt stress compared to the segregate wild-type (control) plants. Interestingly, these mutant seedlings also showed decreased levels of neoxanthin and violaxanthin (xanthophylls derived from β-carotene) and an increase in β-carotene in roots. However, tillering hyd mutant and segregate wild-type plants generally did not differ in their height, tiller count, and biomass production under acute or prolonged salt stress, except for decreases in these parameters observed in the hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant that indicate its heightened susceptibility to salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant, yet developmentally restricted role of HYD2 homoeologs in salt-stress response in tetraploid wheat. They also show that hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant plants, previously demonstrated for possessing enriched nutritional (β-carotene) content, maintain an unimpaired ability to withstand salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Bekkering
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shu Yu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Chih Chi Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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2
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Reese PB. Remote functionalization reactions in steroids: discovery and application. Steroids 2024; 204:109362. [PMID: 38278283 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Research published between 2001 and 2022 on the functionalization of remote positions of steroids, as well as the use of this technique in the generation of biologically active compounds has been reviewed. In the first section of the analysis established and novel methods for activation of sites deemed to be remote were reported. A series of manganese- (mainly), rhodium-, ruthenium- and osmium-centered porphyrins as catalysts in the presence of PIDA as oxidant have effected hydroxylation at C-1, -5, -6, -7, -11, -14, -15, -16, -17, -20, -24 and -25. Dioxiranes have been utilized in inserting hydroxyl groups at the 5, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24 and 25 positions (tertiary centers for the most part). Alcohols at C-12 and -16 were oxidized further to ketones. The Schönecker oxidation, discovered and developed during the period, has revolutionized the selective functionalization at C-12 of steroids possessing a 17-keto group. In the presence of iron-centered PDP- and MCP-based catalysts, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, substrates tended to be hydroxylated at C-6 and -12, with further oxidation to ketones often accompanying this reaction. The hypohalite reaction, utilizing the more modern Suarez conditions (irradiation in the presence of iodine and PIDA), was reported to facilitate the insertion of a hydroxyl moiety five atoms away from an existing alcohol oxygen. Steroidal-3β-diazoacetates tend to decompose on heating with di-rhodium-centered catalysts while activating carbons four or five atoms away. Chromium- and iron-based acetates were observed to functionalize C-5 and -25. Other reactions involving ring cleavage and halogenation, ketone irradiation and α-hydroxylation of ethers were also covered. The syntheses of compounds with marked biological activity from readily available steroids is described in the second section of the study. Cyclopamine, cephalostatin-1, ritterazine B and three polyhydroxypregnanaes (pergularin, utendin and tomentogenin) were generated in sequences in which a key step required hydroxylation at C-12 using the Schönecker reaction. A crucial stage in the preparation of cortistatin A, the saundersioside core, eurysterol A, 5,6-dihydroglaucogenin C, as well as clinostatins A and B involved the functionalization of C-18 or -19 utilizing hypohalite chemistry. The synthetic route to xestobergsterol A, pavonin-4-aglycone and ouagabagenin included a transformation where ketone irradiation played a part in either producing a Δ14 or a C-19 activated steroid. The radical relay reaction, where a 17α-chloro-steroid was formed, was central in the generation of pythocholic acid. The lead tetraacetate reaction was pivotal in the functionalization of C-19 during the synthesis of cyclocitrinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Reese
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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Cheung-Lee WL, Kolev JN, McIntosh JA, Gil AA, Pan W, Xiao L, Velásquez JE, Gangam R, Winston MS, Li S, Abe K, Alwedi E, Dance ZEX, Fan H, Hiraga K, Kim J, Kosjek B, Le DN, Marzijarani NS, Mattern K, McMullen JP, Narsimhan K, Vikram A, Wang W, Yan JX, Yang RS, Zhang V, Zhong W, DiRocco DA, Morris WJ, Murphy GS, Maloney KM. Engineering Hydroxylase Activity, Selectivity, and Stability for a Scalable Concise Synthesis of a Key Intermediate to Belzutifan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316133. [PMID: 38279624 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic oxidations are an emerging technology for selective C-H bond activation. While promising for a range of selective oxidations, practical use of enzymes catalyzing aerobic hydroxylation is presently limited by their substrate scope and stability under industrially relevant conditions. Here, we report the engineering and practical application of a non-heme iron and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase for the direct stereo- and regio-selective hydroxylation of a non-native fluoroindanone en route to the oncology treatment belzutifan, replacing a five-step chemical synthesis with a direct enantioselective hydroxylation. Mechanistic studies indicated that formation of the desired product was limited by enzyme stability and product overoxidation, with these properties subsequently improved by directed evolution, yielding a biocatalyst capable of >15,000 total turnovers. Highlighting the industrial utility of this biocatalyst, the high-yielding, green, and efficient oxidation was demonstrated at kilogram scale for the synthesis of belzutifan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua N Kolev
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - John A McIntosh
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Agnieszka A Gil
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Weilan Pan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Modeling & Informatics, Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Juan E Velásquez
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Rekha Gangam
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew S Winston
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Shasha Li
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kotoe Abe
- Chemical Commercialization Technologies, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Embarek Alwedi
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Zachary E X Dance
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Haiyang Fan
- API Process Research & Development (Biocatalysis), Shanghai STA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201507, China
| | - Kaori Hiraga
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jungchul Kim
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Birgit Kosjek
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Diane N Le
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Keith Mattern
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Karthik Narsimhan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- API Process Research & Development (Biocatalysis), Shanghai STA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201507, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Yan
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Rong-Sheng Yang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Victoria Zhang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Wendy Zhong
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Daniel A DiRocco
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - William J Morris
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Grant S Murphy
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kevin M Maloney
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Wang Z, Yan M, Ye L, Zhou Q, Duan Y, Jiang H, Wang L, Ouyang Y, Zhang H, Shen Y, Ji G, Chen X, Tian Q, Xiao L, Wu Q, Meng Y, Liu G, Ma L, Lei B, Lu Z, Xu D. VHL suppresses autophagy and tumor growth through PHD1-dependent Beclin1 hydroxylation. EMBO J 2024; 43:931-955. [PMID: 38360997 PMCID: PMC10943020 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, which is frequently mutated in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is a master regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) that is involved in oxidative stresses. However, whether VHL possesses HIF-independent tumor-suppressing activity remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that VHL suppresses nutrient stress-induced autophagy, and its deficiency in sporadic ccRCC specimens is linked to substantially elevated levels of autophagy and correlates with poorer patient prognosis. Mechanistically, VHL directly binds to the autophagy regulator Beclin1, after its PHD1-mediated hydroxylation on Pro54. This binding inhibits the association of Beclin1-VPS34 complexes with ATG14L, thereby inhibiting autophagy initiation in response to nutrient deficiency. Expression of non-hydroxylatable Beclin1 P54A abrogates VHL-mediated autophagy inhibition and significantly reduces the tumor-suppressing effect of VHL. In addition, Beclin1 P54-OH levels are inversely correlated with autophagy levels in wild-type VHL-expressing human ccRCC specimens, and with poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, combined treatment of VHL-deficient mouse tumors with autophagy inhibitors and HIF2α inhibitors suppresses tumor growth. These findings reveal an unexpected mechanism by which VHL suppresses tumor growth, and suggest a potential treatment for ccRCC through combined inhibition of both autophagy and HIF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meisi Yan
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leiguang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, 266061, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huahe Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuli Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guimei Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, 266061, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Zhang H, Lin S, Xie R, Zhong W, Wang H, Farag MA, Hussain H, Arroo RRJ, Chen X, Xiao J. Thermal degradation of (2R, 3R)-dihydromyricetin in neutral aqueous solution at 100 ℃. Food Chem 2024; 435:137560. [PMID: 37793280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of thermal degradation of flavonoids, current studies mainly focused on flavonols. However, the thermal degradation of dihydroflavonols in aqueous solution has received limited attention compared to flavonols. The single C2-C3 bonds of dihydroflavonols, which differs from the C2-C3 double bond in flavonols, may cause different degradation mechanisms. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a typical dihydroflavonol with six hydroxyl groups, and possesses various health effects. We explored the thermal degradation of DMY in neutral aqueous solution (pH 7) at 100 ℃. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with photodiode array and electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometric detection (UPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) provided suitable platform for exploring DMY degradation pathways, and negative ion mode was applied. Thermal treatment led to a decline in DMY level with time, accompanied by the appearance of various degradation products of DMY. Degradation mechanisms of DMY included isomerization, oxidation, hydroxylation, dimerization and ring cleavage. The pyrogallol-type ring B of DMY might be initially oxidized into ortho-quinone, which could further attack another DMY to form dimers. In addition, hydroxylation is likely to occur at C-2, C-3 of DMY or DMY dimers, which then further yields ring-cleavage products via breakage of the O1-C2 bond, C2-C3 bond, or C3-C4 bond. The 3-hydroxy-5-(3,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-4-oxochroman-2-yl) cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1, 2-dione (m/z 333.0244) and unknown compound m/z 435.0925 were annotated as key intermediates in DMY degradation. Four phenolic acids, including 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (m/z 169.0136, RT 1.4 min), 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid (m/z 197.0084, RT 1.7 min), 2-oxo-2-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde (m/z 181.0132, RT 2.4 min), and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (m/z 169.0139, RT 2.5 min) were identified as the major end products of DMY degradation. In addition, 5-((3,5dihydroxyphenoxy) methyl)-3-hydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione (m/z 261.0399, RT 11.7 min) and unidentified compound with m/z 329.0507 (RT 1.0 min) were also suggested to be end products of DMY degradation. These results provide novel insights on DMY stability and degradation products. Moreover, the heat treatment of DMY aqueous solution was found to gradually reduce the antioxidant activities of DMY, and even destroy the beneficial effect of DMY on the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Shiye Lin
- Universidade de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Ruiwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Weizhi Zhong
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Randolph R J Arroo
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Aktar MS, Hill R, Holbert W, Franzen S. Decomposition of 2,4-dihalophenols by dehaloperoxidase activity and spontaneous reaction with hydrogen peroxide. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112473. [PMID: 38199051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme dehaloperoxidase (DHP) found in the marine worm Amphitrite ornata is capable of enzymatic peroxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP). There is also at least one parallel oxidative pathway and the major products 2-chloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2-ClQ) and 2-bromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2-BrQ) undergo aspontaneous secondary hydroxylation reaction. The oxidation and hydroxylation reactions have been monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry. Evidence from time-resolved UV-visible spectroscopy suggests that the hydroxylations of 2-ClQ and 2-BrQ in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are non-enzymatic spontaneous processes approximately ∼10 and ∼ 5 times slower, respectively, than the enzymatic oxidation of DCP or DBP by DHP in identical solvent conditions. The products 2-ClQ and 2-BrQ have λmaxat 255 nm and 260 nm, respectively. Both substrates, DCP and DBP, react to form a parallel product peaked at 240 nm on the same time scale as the formation of 2-ClQ and 2-BrQ. The 240 nm band is not associated with the hydroxylation process, nor is it attributable to the catechol 3,5-dihalobenzene-1,3-diol observed by mass spectrometry. One possible explanation is that muconic acid is formed as a decomposition product, which could follow decomposition either the catechol or hydroxyquinone. These reactions give a more complete understanding of the biodegradation of xenobiotics by the multi-functional hemoglobin, DHP, in Amphitrite ornata. SYNOPSIS: The decomposition of 2,4-dihalophenols catalyzed by dehaloperoxidase was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Spectroscopic evidence suggests two major products, which we propose are 2-halo-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-halomuconic acid. These complementary techniques give a high-level view of the degradation of xenobiotics in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sharmin Aktar
- Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, United States of America
| | - Ransom Hill
- Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, United States of America
| | - Wyatt Holbert
- Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, United States of America
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, United States of America.
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Yuan Y, Li M, Qiu X. Chicken CYP1A5 is able to hydroxylate aflatoxin B 1 to aflatoxin M 1. Toxicon 2024; 239:107625. [PMID: 38244865 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a naturally-occurring mycotoxin, can cause severe toxicological and carcinogenic effects in livestock and humans. Given that the chicken is one of the most important food-producing animals, knowledge regarding AFB1 metabolism and enzymes responsible for AFB1 transformation in the chicken has important implications for chicken production and food safety. Previously, we have successfully expressed chicken CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 monooxygenases in E. coli, and reconstituted them into a functional CYP system consisting of CYP1A5 or CYP3A37, CPR and cytochrome b5. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in the bioconversion of AFB1 to AFM1. Our results showed that chicken CYP1A5 was able to hydroxylate AFB1 to AFM1. The formation of AFM1 followed the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The kinetics parameters of Vmax and Km were determined as 0.83 ± 0.039 nmol/min/nmol P450 and 26.9 ± 4.52 μM respectively. Docking simulations further revealed that AFB1 adopts a "side-on" conformation in chicken CYP1A5, facilitating the hydroxylation of the C9a atom and the production of AFM1. On the other hand, AFB1 assumes a "face-on" conformation in chicken CYP3A37, leading to the displacement of the C9a atom from the heme iron and explaining the lack of AFM1 hydroxylation activity. The results demonstrate that chicken CYP1A5 possesses efficient hydroxylase activity towards AFB1 to form AFM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Li E, Sun Y, Wan Y, Tang S, Wang C, Chang H. Identification and oxidation of chlorinated paraffins containing nitrate esters, aliphatic sulfates, and thioether amino acids in sewage sludges. Water Res 2024; 250:121073. [PMID: 38154342 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the extensive production and widespread use of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), various CP structural analogs (CPSAs) have been detected in the environment, and these hydrophobic pollutants preferentially adsorb onto sludge during treatment. However, the species and sources of CPSAs in sludge and their subsequent fate during sludge oxidation treatments remain unclear. In this study, 320 nitrogen- or sulfur-containing CPs (205 CPs-N and 115 CPs-S) were detected in sludge through an analysis of Ph4PCl-enhanced ionization coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS). The intensities of the newly found CPSAs were approximately 3.9-4.1 times those of CPs. Among these CPSAs, 273 previously unknown compounds, namely, 184 CPs-NO3, 63 CPs-SO4H, and 26 CPs-SH, were identified based on the characteristic fragments of NO3, SO4H, and SH, respectively. MS/MS analysis showed that the identified CPs-NO3 included 74 CPs-NO3, 71 CPs-NO3-NH2, 23 CPs-NO3-OH, and 16 CPs-NO3-NH2-OH; CPs-SO4H included 40 CPs-SO4H and 23 CPs-SO4H-OH; and CPs-SH could be divided into 19 2-(methylthio)acetamide-, 6 2-(methylthio)acetamide-cysteine-, and 1 N-acetylcysteine- containing CPs. High abundances of CPs-NO3 and CPs-SO4H were found in both sludge and CP commercial mixtures, indicating that these CPSAs likely originated from the production or use of industrial products. CPs-SH, which were present only in the sludge, were potentially derived from the biotransformation of CPs with amino acids. The oxidation of sludge resulted in the removal of 20.4-60.7 % of the newly identified CPSAs. The oxidation of CPs-NO3 and CPs-SO4H involved both carbon chain decomposition and hydroxylation processes, whereas CPs-SH underwent oxidation through carbon chain decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrui Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yibin Sun
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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9
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Salo AM, Rappu P, Koski MK, Karjalainen E, Izzi V, Drushinin K, Miinalainen I, Käpylä J, Heino J, Myllyharju J. Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoenzymes I and II have sequence specificity towards different X-Pro-Gly triplets. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:73-87. [PMID: 38081527 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Collagen biosynthesis requires several co- and post-translational modifications of lysine and proline residues to form structurally and functionally competent collagen molecules. Formation of 4-hydroxyproline (4Hyp) in Y-position prolines of the repetitive -X-Y-Gly- sequences provides thermal stability for the triple-helical collagen molecules. 4Hyp formation is catalyzed by a collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (C-P4H) family consisting of three isoenzymes. Here we identify specific roles for the two main C-P4H isoenzymes in collagen hydroxylation by a detailed 4Hyp analysis of type I and IV collagens derived from cell and tissue samples. Loss of C-P4H-I results in underhydroxylation of collagen where the affected prolines are not uniformly distributed, but mainly present in sites where the adjacent X-position amino acid has a positively charged or a polar uncharged side chain. In contrast, loss of C-P4H-II results in underhydroxylation of triplets where the X-position is occupied by a negatively charged amino acid glutamate or aspartate. Hydroxylation of these triplets was found to be important as loss of C-P4H-II alone resulted in reduced collagen melting temperature and altered assembly of collagen fibrils and basement membrane. The observed C-P4H isoenzyme differences in substrate specificity were explained by selective binding of the substrate to the active site resulting in distinct differences in Km and Vmax values. Furthermore, our results clearly show that the substrate proline selection is not dependent on the collagen type, but the main determinant is the X-position amino acid of the -X-Pro-Gly- triplet. Although our data clearly shows the necessity of both C-P4H-I and II for normal prolyl 4-hydroxylation and function of collagens, the mRNA expression of the isoenzymes with various procollagens was, surprisingly, not tightly coordinated, suggesting additional levels of control. In conclusion, this study provides a molecular level explanation for the need of multiple C-P4H isoenzymes to generate collagen molecules capable to assemble into intact extracellular matrix structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti M Salo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Pekka Rappu
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kristian Koski
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emma Karjalainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, BioIM Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Drushinin
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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10
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Sun C, Hu B, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Efficient stereoselective hydroxylation of deoxycholic acid by the robust whole-cell cytochrome P450 CYP107D1 biocatalyst. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:741-748. [PMID: 38107826 PMCID: PMC10722395 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been authorized by the Federal Drug Agency for cosmetic reduction of redundant submental fat. The hydroxylated product (6β-OH DCA) was developed to improve the solubility and pharmaceutic properties of DCA for further applications. Herein, a combinatorial catalytic strategy was applied to construct a powerful Cytochrome P450 biocatalyst (CYP107D1, OleP) to convert DCA to 6β-OH DCA. Firstly, the weak expression of OleP was significantly improved using pRSFDuet-1 plasmid in the E. coli C41 (DE3) strain. Next, the supply of heme was enhanced by the moderate overexpression of crucial genes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. In addition, a new biosensor was developed to select the appropriate redox partner. Furthermore, a cost-effective whole-cell catalytic system was constructed, resulting in the highest reported conversion rate of 6β-OH DCA (from 4.8% to 99.1%). The combinatorial catalytic strategies applied in this study provide an efficient method to synthesize high-value-added hydroxylated compounds by P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chixiang Sun
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Baodong Hu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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11
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Ren L, Luo L, Hu Z, Ma Y, Wang J, Cheng Y, Jin B, Chen T, Tang J, Cui G, Guo J, Huang L. Functional characterization of CYP81C16 involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:938-949. [PMID: 38143107 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Tanshinones, the bioactive compounds from Danshen, exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, suggesting their potential for future therapeutic applications. Tanshinone biosynthesis is a complex process involving at least six P450 enzymes that have been identified and characterized, most of which belong to the CYP76 and CYP71 families. In this study, CYP81C16, a member of the CYP71 clan, was identified in S. miltiorrhiza. An in vitro assay revealed that it could catalyze the hydroxylation of four para-quinone-type tanshinones, namely neocryptotanshinone, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, and danshenxinkuns A and B. SmCYP81C16 emerged as a potential broad-spectrum oxidase targeting the C-18 position of para-quinone-type tanshinones with an impressive relative conversion rate exceeding 90%. Kinetic evaluations andin vivo assays underscored its highest affinity towards neocryptotanshinone among the tested substrates. The overexpression of SmCYP81C16 promoted the accumulation of (iso)tanshinone in hairy root lines. The characterization of SmCYP81C16 in this study accentuates its potential as a pivotal tool in the biotechnological production of tanshinones, either through microbial or plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yatian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Mokkawes T, de Visser SP. Insights into Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Catalyzed Defluorination of Aromatic Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310785. [PMID: 37641517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Density functional calculations establish a novel mechanism of aromatic defluorination by P450 Compound I. This is achieved via either an initial epoxide intermediate or through a 1,2-fluorine shift in an electrophilic intermediate, which highlights that the P450s can defluorinate fluoroarenes. However, in the absence of a proton donor a strong Fe-F bond can be obtained as shown from the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M17DN, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thirakorn Mokkawes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M17DN, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M17DN, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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13
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Wu D, Nealon G, Liu Y, Kim TK, Slominski AT, Tuckey RC. Metabolism of Lumisterol 2 by CYP27A1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106370. [PMID: 37499840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lumisterol2 (L2) is a photoproduct of UVB action on the fungal membrane sterol, ergosterol. Like vitamin D2, it is present in edible mushrooms, especially after UV irradiation. Lumisterol3 is similarly produced in human skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol by UVB and can be converted to hydroxy-metabolites by CYP27A1 and CYP11A1. These products are biologically active on human cells with actions that include photoprotection and inhibition of proliferation. The aim of this study was to test the ability of CYP11A1 and CYP27A1 to metabolise L2. Purified CYP27A1 was found to efficiently metabolise L2 to three major products and several minor products, whilst CYP11A1 did not act appreciably on L2. The three major products of CYP27A1 action on L2 were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR as 24-hydroxyL2, 27-hydroxyL2 and 28-hydroxyL2. Minor products included two dihydroxy L2 species, one which was identified as 24,27(OH)2L2, and another metabolite with one oxo and one hydroxyl group added. A comparison on the kinetics of the metabolism of L2 by CYP27A1 with that of the structurally similar compounds, L3 and ergosterol, was carried out with substrates incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. CYP27A1 displayed a 12-fold lower Km with L2 as substrate compared to L3 and a 5-fold lower turnover number (kcat), resulting in a 2.2 fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for L2 metabolism. L2 was a much better substrate for CYP27A1 than its precursor, ergosterol, with a catalytic efficiency 18-fold higher. The major CYP27A1-derived hydroxy-L2 products, 24-hydroxyL2, 27-hydroxyL2 and 28-hydroxyL2, inhibited the proliferation of melanoma and epidermoid cancer cell lines. In conclusion, this study shows that L2 is not metabolized appreciably by CYP11A1, but it is a good substrate for CYP27A1 which hydroxylates its side chain to produce 3 major products that display anti-proliferative activity on skin-cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Wu
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gareth Nealon
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yuchen Liu
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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14
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Li L, Tuckey RC. Inactivation of vitamin D2 metabolites by human CYP24A1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106368. [PMID: 37495192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is found in two forms in humans, D3 produced in the skin and D2 solely from the diet. Both 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) are oxidised and inactivated by CYP24A1, a tightly regulated mitochondrial enzyme that controls serum levels of these secosteroids. The pathways of oxidation of 25(OH)D2 and 1,25(OH)2D2, particularly 25(OH)D2, by human CYP24A1 are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to further elucidate these pathways, and to compare the kinetics of metabolism of 25(OH)D2 and 1,25(OH)2D2 with their vitamin D3 counterparts. We used expressed and partially purified human CYP24A1 with substrates dissolved in the membrane of phospholipid vesicles, to mimic the inner mitochondrial membrane. We found that the major pathways for side chain oxidation of 25(OH)D2 and 1,25(OH)2D2 were identical and that predominant intermediates of 25(OH)D2 metabolism could be converted to the corresponding intermediates in the pathway of 1,25(OH)2D2 oxidation by 1α-hydroxylation by CYP27B1. The initial steps in the CYP24A1-mediated oxidation involved hydroxylation at the C24R position, and another unknown position where the alcohol was oxidised to an aldehyde. The 24R-hydroxylation was followed by hydroxylation at C26 or C28, or cleavage between C24 and C25 to produce the 24-oxo-25,26,27-trinor derivative. All of these products were further oxidised, with 24-oxo-25,26,27-trinor-1(OH)D2 giving a product tentatively identified as 24-oxo-25,26,27-trinor-1,28(OH)2D2. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of CYP24A1 for initial 25(OH)D2 hydroxylation was similar to that for 25(OH)D3, indicating that they have similar rates of inactivation at low substrate concentrations, supporting that vitamins D2 and D3 are equally effective in maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In contrast, the kcat/Km value for 1,25(OH)2D3 was almost double that for 1,25(OH)2D2 indicating a lower rate of inactivation of 1,25(OH)2D2 at a low substrate concentration, suggesting that it has increased metabolic stability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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15
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Wartmann C, Nandi S, Neudörfl JM, Berkessel A. Titanium Salalen Catalyzed Enantioselective Benzylic Hydroxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306584. [PMID: 37366111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The titanium complex of the cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (cis-DACH) derived Berkessel-salalen ligand is a highly efficient and enantioselective catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of terminal olefins with hydrogen peroxide ("Berkessel-Katsuki catalyst"). We herein report that this epoxidation catalyst also effects the highly enantioselective hydroxylation of benzylic C-H bonds with hydrogen peroxide. Mechanism-based ligand optimization identified a novel nitro-salalen Ti-catalyst of the highest efficiency ever reported for asymmetric catalytic benzylic hydroxylation, with enantioselectivities of up to 98 % ee, while overoxidation to ketone is marginal. The novel nitro-salalen Ti-catalyst also shows enhanced epoxidation efficiency, as evidenced by e.g. the conversion of 1-decene to its epoxide in 90 % yield with 94 % ee, at a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol-% only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiny Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Gong XK, Zhang XS, Li Q, Liu L, Zhang YM, Li C, Kong LN, Xu JP, Li L. Surface Reconstruction of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs 2Ag 0.6Na 0.4InCl 6:Bi by Hydroxylation with Blue-Light-Excited Performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:865-875. [PMID: 37327629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular surface reconfiguration strategies have been instrumental to performance improvements of halide perovskite photovoltaic applications in recent years. However, research into the optical properties of the lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgInCl6 on the complex reconstructed surface is still lacking. Here, blue-light excitation in double perovskite Cs2Na0.4Ag0.6InCl6 with Bi doping has been successfully achieved by excess KBr coating and ethanol-driven structural reconstruction. Ethanol drives the formation of hydroxylated Cs2-yKyAg0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6-yBry in the Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6@xKBr interface layer. The hydroxyl group adsorbed on the interstitial sites of the double perovskite structure induces a transfer of local space electrons to the [AgCl6] and [InCl6] octahedral regions, enabling them to be excited with blue light (467 nm). The passivation of KBr shell reduces the non-radiative transition probability of excitons. Blue-light-excited flexible photoluminescence devices based on hydroxylated Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6@16KBr are fabricated. The application of hydroxylated Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6@16KBr as down-shift layer in GaAs photovoltaic cell module can increase its power conversion efficiency by 3.34%. The surface reconstruction strategy provides a new way to optimize the performance of lead-free double perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kai Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Long Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Li-Na Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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17
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Li F, Zhang F, Yi X, Quan LL, Yang X, Yin C, Ma Z, Wu R, Zhao W, Ling M, Lang L, Hussein A, Feng S, Fu Y, Wang J, Liang S, Zhu C, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) promotes brown adipose thermogenesis by enhancing the hydroxylation of UCP1. Mol Metab 2023:101747. [PMID: 37279828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in regulating non-shivering thermogenesis under cold exposure. Proline hydroxylases (PHDs) were found to be involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition. However, the effects of PHDs on regulatory mechanisms of BAT thermogenesis are not fully understood. METHODS We detected the expression of PHDs in different adipose tissues by using immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Further, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and immunostaining were performed to determine the correlation between proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) and UCP1 expression. Inhibitor of PHDs and PHD2-sgRNA viruses were used to construct the PHD2-deficiency model in vivo and in vitro to investigate the impacts of PHD2 on BAT thermogenesis. Afterward, the interaction between UCP1 and PHD2 and the hydroxylation modification level of UCP1 were verified by Co-IP assays and immunoblotting. Finally, the effect of specific proline hydroxylation on the expression/activity of UCP1 was further confirmed by site-directed mutation of UCP1 and mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS PHD2, but not PHD1 and PHD3, was highly enriched in BAT, colocalized, and positively correlated with UCP1. Inhibition or knockdown of PHD2 significantly suppressed BAT thermogenesis under cold exposure and aggravated obesity of mice fed HFD. Mechanistically, mitochondrial PHD2 bound to UCP1 and regulated the hydroxylation level of UCP1, which was enhanced by thermogenic activation and attenuated by PHD2 knockdown. Furthermore, PHD2-dependent hydroxylation of UCP1 promoted the expression and stability of UCP1 protein. Mutation of the specific prolines (Pro-33, 133, and 232) in UCP1 significantly mitigated the PHD2-elevated UCP1 hydroxylation level and reversed the PHD2-increased UCP1 stability. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested an important role for PHD2 in BAT thermogenesis regulation by enhancing the hydroxylation of UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Cong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ruifan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Limin Lang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Abdelaziz Hussein
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China; Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu 527400, P. R. China.
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18
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Kumar MA, Parasuraman S. Ionic Liquid Templated Ordered Hexagonal Mesoporous Iron Phosphate: A Highly Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst with Remarkable Selectivity for Phenol Hydroxylation Reaction. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300389. [PMID: 37261947 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly organized hexagonal mesoporous iron phosphate framework structure with the designation HMI-41 was successfully synthesized for the first-time in a reproducible way using imidazolium-based ionic liquid as structure directing agent. The unique templating properties of ionic liquid generated a highly ordered well-crystallized mesoporous matrix having high surface area (445 m2g-1), thicker pore wall (2.1 nm) and narrow pore size distribution (3.1 nm). The presence of active sites within a tetrahedral framework structure made the novel HMI-41 catalyst highly effective for phenol hydroxylation in an acidic medium with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The catalyst exhibited outstanding performance, achieving an impressive 80% hydroquinone selectivity and 21% of phenol conversion with a hydroquinone-to-catechol ratio of seven, which is the highest value ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvam Parasuraman
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, chemistry, IIT-Madras Campus, 600036, Chennai, INDIA
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19
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Ishida Y, Goto E, Haga Y, Kubo M, Itoh T, Kasai C, Tsuzuki H, Nakamura M, Shoji O, Yamamoto K, Matsumura C, Nakano T, Inui H. Enhanced metabolism of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB118) by bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mutants of Bacillus megaterium. Sci Total Environ 2023:164475. [PMID: 37257625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450BM3 is a promising enzyme to provide novel substrate specificity and enhanced enzymatic activity. The wild type (WT) has been shown to metabolize the widely distributed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB118) to hydroxylated metabolites. However, this reaction requires the coexistence of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). To locate P450BM3 mutants metabolizing CB118 without PFCAs, mutations were selected from amino acids comprising the substrate-binding cavity and the substrate entrance. The mutant A264G showed enhanced hydroxylation activities compared to the WT for the production of five hydroxylated metabolites. Perfluorooctanoic acid addition provided the highest activity, as found in the WT. The docking model of A264G and CB118 indicated that the enlargement of the space above the heme brought CB118 close to the heme, resulting in high activity. In contrast, the mutants L188Q, QG, LVQ, and GVQ, which contain the L188Q mutation, showed higher activity than WT even without PFCAs. Docking models revealed that the closed form found in substrate binding was induced by the L188Q mutation in the substrate non-binding state of the mutants. These mutants are promising for bioremediation of PCBs using enhanced metabolizing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Erika Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Chie Kasai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Harunobu Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miyune Nakamura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Osami Shoji
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Inui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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20
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Abas H, Blencowe P, Brookfield JL, Harwood LA. Selective Hydroxylation of C(sp3)-H Bonds in Steroids. Chemistry 2023:e202301066. [PMID: 37235530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are highly prevalent structures in small molecule therapeutics, with the level of oxidation being key to their biological activity and physicochemical properties. These C(sp3)-rich tetracycles contain many stereocentres, which are important for creating specific vectors and protein binding orientations. Therefore, the ability to hydroxylate steroids with a high degree of regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity is essential for researchers working in this field. This review will cover three main methods for the hydroxylation of steroidal C(sp3)-H bonds: biocatalysis, metal-catalysed C-H hydroxylation, and organic oxidants, such as dioxiranes and oxaziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossay Abas
- Cancer Research UK, Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, CB2 0RB, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Peter Blencowe
- Cancer Research UK, Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, CB2 0RB, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Joanna L Brookfield
- Cancer Research UK, Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, CB2 0RB, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Lucy Allison Harwood
- Cancer Research UK, Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, CB2 0RB, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
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21
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Lan HN, Liu RY, Liu ZH, Li X, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Biological valorization of lignin to flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108107. [PMID: 36758651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most affluent natural aromatic biopolymer on the earth, which is the promising renewable source for valuable products to promote the sustainability of biorefinery. Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenolic secondary metabolites containing the benzene ring structure with various biological activities, which are largely applied in health food, pharmaceutical, and medical fields. Due to the aromatic similarity, microbial conversion of lignin derived aromatics to flavonoids could facilitate flavonoid biosynthesis and promote the lignin valorization. This review thereby prospects a novel valorization route of lignin to high-value natural products and demonstrates the potential advantages of microbial bioconversion of lignin to flavonoids. The biodegradation of lignin polymers is summarized to identify aromatic monomers as momentous precursors for flavonoid synthesis. The biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids in both plants and strains are introduced and compared. After that, the key branch points and important intermediates are clearly discussed in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Moreover, the most significant enzyme reactions including Claisen condensation, cyclization and hydroxylation are demonstrated in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Finally, current challenges and potential future strategies are also discussed for transforming lignin into various flavonoids. The holistic microbial conversion routes of lignin to flavonoids could make a sustainable production of flavonoids and improve the feasibility of lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Lan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruo-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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22
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Hardiyanti Oktavia FAR, Nguyen NA, Park CM, Cha GS, Nguyen THH, Yun CH. CYP102A1 peroxygenase catalyzed reaction via in situ H 2O 2 generation. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112165. [PMID: 36848686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
CYP102A1 is a promiscuous bacterial cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450) known for its diverse substrates and comparable activity with human P450 enzymes. The development of CYP102A1 peroxygenase activity can contribute significantly to human drug development and drug metabolite production. Peroxygenase has recently emerged as an alternative to a dependency of P450 on NADPH-P450 reductase and NADPH cofactor and gives more opportunity for practical application. However, the H2O2 dependency also leads to challenges regarding its practical application, in which the excessive H2O2 concentration causes the activation of the peroxygenases. Therefore, we need the optimization of H2O2 production to minimize oxidative inactivation. In this study, we report the CYP102A1 peroxygenase-catalyzed atorvastatin hydroxylation reaction with an enzymatic H2O2 generation using glucose oxidase. Random mutagenesis at the CYP102A1 heme domain was used to generate mutant libraries with high throughput screening of highly active mutants, which can pair with the in situ H2O2 generation. The setup of the CYP102A1 peroxygenase reaction was also possible for other statin drugs and could be developed to produce drug metabolites. We also found a relationship between enzyme inactivation and product formation during the catalytic reaction, supported by enzymatic in situ H2O2 supply. It can be suggested that the low product formation is due to enzyme inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri A R Hardiyanti Oktavia
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Mi Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Su Cha
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, 2465-8 Namhaedaero, Gyeongsangnamdo 52430, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Huong Ha Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Akter J, Stockdale TP, Child SA, Lee JHZ, De Voss JJ, Bell SG. Selective carbon-hydrogen bond hydroxylation using an engineered cytochrome P450 peroxygenase. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112209. [PMID: 37080140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP102A1 (P450BM3) is a versatile monooxygenase enzyme which has been adapted and engineered for multiple applications in chemical synthesis. Mutation of threonine 268 to glutamate (Thr268Glu) converted the heme domain of this enzyme into a H2O2 utilizing peroxygenase. This variant displayed significantly increased peroxide driven hydroxylation activity towards the saturated linear fatty acids tested (undecanoic through to hexadecenoic acid) when compared to the wild-type heme domain. The product distributions arising from fatty acid oxidation using this peroxygenase variant were broadly similar to those obtained with the wild-type monooxygenase holoenzyme, with oxidation occurring predominantly at the ω-1 through to ω-3 positions. 10-Undecenoic acid was regioselectively hydroxylated at the allylic ω-2 carbon by the Thr268Glu peroxygenase. The effect of isotopic substitution were measured using [9,9,10,10-d4]-dodecanoic acid. The kinetic isotope effect for both the monooxygenase and peroxygenase systems ranged between 7.9 and 9.5, with that of the peroxygenase enzyme being marginally lower. This highlights that carbon‑hydrogen bond abstraction is important in the mechanism of both the monooxygenase and peroxygenase systems. This would infer that the ferryl-oxo radical cation intermediate, compound I, is the likely reactive intermediate in both systems. The peroxygenase variant offers the possibility of simpler cytochrome P450 systems for selective oxidations. To demonstrate this we used this system to oxidize tetradecanoic acid using light driven generation of H2O2 by a flavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinia Akter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Tegan P Stockdale
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Stella A Child
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Joel H Z Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Stephen G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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24
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Fabelle NR, Oktavia FARH, Cha GS, Nguyen NA, Choi SK, Yun CH. Production of a major metabolite of niclosamide using bacterial cytochrome P450 enzymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 165:110210. [PMID: 36764029 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Niclosamide has been proposed as a possible candidate for a Covid-19 drug. However, the metabolites of niclosamide are difficult to investigate because they are usually not available commercially or they are quite expensive in the commercial market. In this study, the major metabolite of niclosamide in human liver microsomes (HLMs) was confirmed to be 3-OH niclosamide. Because the production of 3-OH niclosamide using HLMs has a slow turnover rate, a new method of producing niclosamide metabolite with an easier and highly cost-efficient method was thus conducted. Bacterial CYP102A1 (BM3) is one of the bacterial cytochrome P450s (CYPs) from Bacillus megaterium that structurally show similar activities to human CYPs. Here, the BM3 mutants were used to produce niclosamide metabolites and the metabolites were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-mass spectrometry. Among a set of mutants tested here, BM3 M14 mutant was the most active in producing 3-OH niclosamide, the major metabolite of niclosamide. Comparing BM3 M14 and HLMs, BM3 M14 production of 3-OH niclosamide was 34-fold higher than that of HLMs. Hence, the engineering of BM3 can be a cost-efficient method to produce 3-OH niclosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabilla Rizkia Fabelle
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gun Su Cha
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, 2465-8 Namdaero, Gyeongsangnamdo 52430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Keun Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-Ro, Yuseong, Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Xu ZZ, Zhuang Z, Cai R, Lin GQ, She Z, Zhao Q, He QL. Hydroxylation with Unusual Stereoinversion Catalyzed by an Fe II /2-OG Dependent Oxidase and 3,6-Diene-2,5-diketopiperazine Formation in the Biosynthesis of Brevianamide K. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216989. [PMID: 36750406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural products with the 3,6-diene-2,5-diketopiperazine core are widely distributed in nature; however, the biosynthetic mechanism of 3,6-diene-2,5-diketopiperazine in fungi remains to be further elucidated. Through heterologous expression and biochemical investigation of an FeII /2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxidase (AspE) and a heme-dependent P450 enzyme (AspF), we report that AspE, AspF and subsequent dehydration account for the formation of the 3,6-diene-2,5-diketopiperazine substructure of brevianamide K from Aspergillus sp. SK-28, a symbiotic fungus of mangrove plant Kandelia candel. More interestingly, in-depth investigation of the enzymatic mechanism showed that AspE promotes hydroxylation of brevianamide Q with unprecedented stereoinversion through hydrogen atom abstraction and water nucleophilic attack from the opposite face of the resultant iminium cation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zheng Xu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Zhuang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qunfei Zhao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing-Li He
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Tonegawa S, Ishii K, Kaneko H, Habe H, Furuya T. Discovery of diphenyl ether-degrading Streptomyces strains by direct screening based on ether bond-cleaving activity. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:474-479. [PMID: 36973095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Diphenyl ethers (DEs), which are widely used in the agricultural and chemical industries, have become hazardous contaminants in the environment. Although several DE-degrading bacteria have been reported, discovering new types of such microorganisms could enhance understanding of the degradation mechanism in the environment. In this study, we used a direct screening method based on detection of ether bond-cleaving activity to screen for microorganisms that degrade 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether (DHDE) as a model DE. Microorganisms isolated from soil samples were incubated with DHDE, and strains producing hydroquinone via ether bond cleavage were selected using hydroquinone-sensitive Rhodanine reagent. This screening procedure resulted in the isolation of 3 bacteria and 2 fungi that transform DHDE. Interestingly, all of the isolated bacteria belonged to one genus, Streptomyces. To our knowledge, these are the first microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces shown to degrade a DE. Streptomyces sp. TUS-ST3 exhibited high and stable DHDE-degrading activity. HPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS analyses revealed that strain TUS-ST3 converts DHDE to its hydroxylated analogue and generates hydroquinone as an ether bond-cleavage product. Strain TUS-ST3 also transformed DEs other than DHDE. In addition, glucose-grown TUS-ST3 cells began to transform DHDE after incubation with this compound for 12 h, and produced 75 μM hydroquinone in 72 h. These activities of streptomycetes may play an important role in DE degradation in the environment. We also report the whole genome sequence of strain TUS-ST3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tonegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishii
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Habe
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Toshiki Furuya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Zhang H, Sanidad KZ, Zhang J, Wang G, Zhang R, Hu C, Lin Y, Haggerty TD, Parsonnet J, Zheng Y, Zhang G, Cai Z. Microbiota-mediated reactivation of triclosan oxidative metabolites in colon tissues. J Hazard Mater 2023; 445:130509. [PMID: 36463744 PMCID: PMC10187939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a widespread antimicrobial agent that is associated with many adverse health outcomes. Its gut toxicity has been attributed to the molecular modifications mediated by commensal microbes, but microbial transformations of TCS derivatives in the gut lumen are still largely unknown. Aromatic hydroxylation is the predominant oxidative metabolism of TCS that linked to its toxicological effects in host tissues. Here, we aimed to reveal the biological fates of hydroxyl-TCS (OH-TCS) in the colon, where intestinal microbes mainly reside. Unlike the profiles generated via host metabolism, OH-TCS species remain unconjugated in human stools from a cohort study. Through tracking molecular compositions in mouse intestinal tract, elevated abundance of free-form OH-TCS while reduced abundance of conjugated forms was observed in the colon digesta and mucosa. Using antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice, as well as in vitro approaches, we demonstrate that gut microbiota-encoded enzymes efficiently convert glucuronide/sulfate-conjugated OH-TCS, which are generated from host metabolism, back to their bioactive free-forms in colon tissues. Thus, host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions of TCS derivatives were proposed. These results shed light on the crucial roles of microbial metabolism in TCS toxicity, and highlight the importance of incorporating gut microbial transformations in health risk assessment of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katherine Z Sanidad
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengchen Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Thomas D Haggerty
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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28
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Chen Q, Gao Z, Wang K, Magnuson JT, Chen Y, Li M, Shi H, Xu L. High accumulation of microplastic fibers in fish hindgut induces an enhancement of triphenyl phosphate hydroxylation. Environ Pollut 2023; 317:120804. [PMID: 36470455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fiber shedding from artificial textiles is among the primary sources of pervasive microplastics in various aquatic habitats. To avoid molten drop burning, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a typical flame retardant additive, is commonly incorporated into textile fibers. However, the role of microplastic fibers (MFs) as a vehicle for TPhP remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of MFs on the bioaccumulation and metabolism of TPhP in zebrafish. We applied the compound spinning technique for a non-disruptive in situ measurement of fluorescent MFs in fish, and the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to display the tissue distribution of TPhP and its metabolites vividly. Laboratory results showed that ingested MFs did not change the TPhP distribution in fish; however, they statistically increased the metabolite p-OH-TPhP concentration in the fish hindgut, which was probably because the high accumulation of MFs there enhanced the TPhP hydroxylation. Field investigation further supported the lab-based analyses. Higher concentrations of MFs did cause a higher ratio of [p-OH-TPhP]/[TPhP] in the wild fish gut, particularly in the hindgut. Collectively, our results demonstrated that MFs can change the distribution and bioavailability of TPhP metabolites, which was confirmed by both laboratory and fieldwork. Therefore, the ingestion of MFs can indirectly but substantially influence the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of co-existing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Yuye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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29
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Ghiazza C, Wagner L, Fernández S, Leutzsch M, Cornella J. Bio-Inspired Deaminative Hydroxylation of Aminoheterocycles and Electron-Deficient Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212219. [PMID: 36479796 PMCID: PMC10107619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the tools available to chemists for drug design of bioactive compounds, the bioisosteric replacement of atoms or groups of atoms is the cornerstone of modern strategies. Despite the undeniable interest in amino-to-hydroxyl interchange, enzymatic deaminative hydroxylation remains unmatched. Herein, we report a user friendly and safe procedure to selectively convert aminoheterocycles to their hydroxylated analogues by means of a simple pyrylium tetrafluoroborate salt. The hydroxylation step relies on a Lossen-type rearrangement under mild conditions thus avoiding the use of strong hydroxide bases. In addition to biorelevant heterocycles, the deaminative hydroxylation of electron-deficient anilines was also demonstrated. Finally, mechanistic experiments allowed the identification of the key intermediates, thus unveiling a rather unusual mechanism for this formal aromatic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Ghiazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lucas Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
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30
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Zhao L, Zhang F, Wang K, Zhang X, Hu G, Chen E, Qiu J, Yuan C, He J. Quinolinic acid catabolism is initiated by a novel four-component hydroxylase QuiA in Alcaligenes faecalis JQ191. Environ Res 2023; 216:114421. [PMID: 36162464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QA) is an essential nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds in organisms and it also acts as an important intermediate in chemical industry, which has strong neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The wide range of sources and applications caused the release and accumulation of QA in the environment which might poses a hazard to ecosystems and human health. However, few research on the degradation of QA by microorganisms and toxicity of QA and its metabolites were reported. Alcaligenes faecalis JQ191 could degrade QA but the genetic foundation of QA degradation has not been studied. In this study, the gene cluster quiA1A2A3A4 was identified from A. faecalis JQ191, which was responsible for the initial catabolism step of QA. The quiA1A2A3A4 gene cluster encodes a novel cytoplasmic four-component hydroxylase QuiA. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that QuiA catalyzed QA to 6-hydroxyquinolinic acid (6HQA) and the H218O-labeling analysis confirmed that the hydroxyl group incorporating into 6HQA was derived from water. Toxicity tests showed that the QA could approximately inhibit 20%-80% growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea, and 6HQA could relieve at least 50% QA growth inhibition of Chlorella ellipsoidea, indicating that the 6-hydroxylation of QA by QuiA is a detoxification process. This research provides new insights into the metabolism of QA by microorganism and potential application in the bioremediation of toxic pyridine derivatives-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fuyin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - E Chen
- The Environmental Monitoring Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiguo Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cansheng Yuan
- College of Rural Revitalization, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Rural Revitalization, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China.
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31
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Donova MV. Current Trends and Perspectives in Microbial Bioconversions of Steroids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2704:3-21. [PMID: 37642835 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological transformation of sterols is currently the technological basis for the industrial production of valuable steroid precursors, the so-called synthons, from which a wide range of steroid and indane isoprenoids are obtained by combined chemical and enzymatic routes. These compounds include value-added corticoids, neurosteroids, sex hormones, bile acids, and other terpenoid lipids required by the medicine, pharmaceutical, food, veterinary, and agricultural industries.Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of microbial degradation of steroids, and the development and implementation of genetic technologies, opened a new era in steroid biotechnology. Metabolic engineering of microbial producers makes it possible not only to improve the biocatalytic properties of industrial strains by enhancing their target activity and/or suppressing undesirable activities in order to avoid the formation of by-products or degradation of the steroid core, but also to redirect metabolic fluxes in cells towards accumulation of new metabolites that may be useful for practical applications. Along with whole-cell catalysis, the interest of researchers is growing in enzymatic methods that make it possible to carry out selective structural modifications of steroids, such as the introduction of double bonds, the oxidation of steroidal alcohols, or the reduction of steroid carbonyl groups. A promising area of research is strain engineering based on the heterologous expression of foreign steroidogenesis systems (bacterial, fungal, or mammalian) that ensure selective formation of demanded hydroxylated steroids.Here, current trends and progress in microbial steroid biotechnology over the past few years are briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on the application of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques to improve existing and create new whole-cell microbial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia.
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Fang J, Ma Z, Liu D, Wang Z, Cheng S, Zheng S, Wu H, Xia P, Chen X, Yang R, Hao L, Zhang Y. Co-expression of recombinant human collagen α1(III) chain with viral prolyl 4-hydroxylase in Pichia pastoris GS115. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 201:106184. [PMID: 36191842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
The Collagen α1(Ш) chain (COL3A1) is an important structural protein on the surface of human skin. The activity of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) is crucial to maintaining the stable triple-helix structure and function of human COL3A1. To obtain hydroxylated human COL3A1, virus-derived P4H A085R was co-expressed with human COL3A1 in Pichia pastoris GS115. Colony PCR analysis and sequencing after transfection confirmed that the target gene was successfully inserted. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) indicated that human COL3A1 and P4H A085R were expressed at mRNA levels in the clones. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of supernatant from the recombinant methylotrophic yeast culture showed that recombinant human COL3A1 (rhCOL3A1) was secreted into the culture medium with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 130 kDa. It was observed that the amount of secreted rhCOL3A1 was highest at 120 h after induction. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that rhCOL3A1 was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. The His-tagged rhCOL3A1 protein was purified by Ni-affinity column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Ze Ma
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- Jilin Province Guoda Biological Engineering Co. LTD, 3999 Air Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Shuqin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Peijun Xia
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
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Giang PD, Churchman LR, Stok JE, Soo RM, De Voss JJ. CYP108N12 initiates p-cymene biodegradation in Rhodococcus globerulus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109410. [PMID: 36155781 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus globerulus (R. globerulus) isolated from soil beneath Eucalyptus sp. was found to live on the monoterpenes 1,8-cineole, p-cymene and (R)- and (S)-limonene as sole sources of carbon and energy. Previous metabolic studies revealed that R. globerulus is capable of living on 1,8-cineole, the main monoterpene component of eucalyptus essential oil through the activity of cytochrome P450cin (CYP176A1) [1]. Genomic sequencing of R. globerulus revealed a novel putative cytochrome P450 (CYP108N12) that shares 48% sequence identity with CYP108A1 (P450terp) from Pseudomonas sp., an α-terpineol hydroxylase. Given the sequence similarity between CYP108N12 and P450terp, it was hypothesised that CYP108N12 may be responsible for initiating the biodegradation of a monoterpene structurally similar to α-terpineol such as (R)-limonene, (S)-limonene or p-cymene. Encoded within the operon containing CYP108N12 were two putative bacterial P450 redox partners and putative alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, suggesting a complete catalytic system for activating these monoterpenes. Binding studies revealed that p-cymene and (R)- and (S)-limonene all bound tightly to CYP108N12 but α-terpineol did not. A catalytically active system was reconstituted using the non-native redox partner putidaredoxin and putidaredoxin reductase that act with CYP101A1 (P450cam) from Pseudomonas. This reconstituted system catalysed the hydroxylation of p-cymene to 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, and (R)- and (S)-limonene to (R)- and (S)-perillyl alcohol, respectively. R. globerulus was successfully grown on solely p-cymene, (R)-limonene or (S)-limonene. CYP108N12 was detected when R. globerulus was grown on p-cymene, but not either limonene enantiomer. The native function of CYP108N12 is therefore proposed to be initiation of p-cymene biodegradation by methyl oxidation and is a potentially attractive biocatalyst capable of specific benzylic and allylic hydroxylation.
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Yabu M, Haga Y, Itoh T, Goto E, Suzuki M, Yamazaki K, Mise S, Yamamoto K, Matsumura C, Nakano T, Sakaki T, Inui H. Hydroxylation and dechlorination of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB77) by rat and human CYP1A1s and critical roles of amino acids composing their substrate-binding cavity. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155848. [PMID: 35568185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases play critical roles in determining the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mammals. Hydroxylation of PCBs by these enzymes leads to increased water solubility, promoting the elimination of PCBs from the body. The CYP1 family is mainly responsible for metabolizing PCBs that exhibit a dioxin-like toxicity. Although the dioxin-like PCB 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB77) is abundant in the environment and accumulates in organisms, information on CB77 metabolism by CYP1A1s is limited. In this study, recombinant rat CYP1A1 metabolized CB77 to 4'-hydroxy (OH)-3,3',4,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB79) and 4'-OH-3,3',4-trichlorobiphenyl (CB35), whereas human CYP1A1 produced only 4'-OH-CB79. Rat CYP1A1 exhibited much higher metabolizing activity than human CYP1A1 because CB77 was stably accommodated in the substrate-binding cavity of rat CYP1A1 and was close to its heme. In a rat CYP1A1 mutant with two human-type amino acids, the production of 4'-OH-CB79 decreased, whereas that of the dechlorinated metabolite 4'-OH-CB35 increased. These results are explained by a shift in the CB77 positions toward the heme. This study provides insight into the development of enzymes with high metabolizing activity and clarifies the structural basis of PCB metabolism, as dechlorination contributes to a drastic decrease in dioxin-like toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Yabu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Erika Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Motoharu Suzuki
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mise
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Inui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Khatik AG, Jain AK, Muley AB. Preparation, characterization and stability of cross linked nitrilase aggregates (nitrilase-CLEAs) for hydroxylation of 2-chloroisonicotinonitrile to 2-chloroisonicotinic acid. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1559-1579. [PMID: 35962826 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrilases capable of performing hydroxylation of 2-chloroisonicotinonitrile to 2-chloroisonicotinic acid were screened, and ES-NIT-102 was the best nitrilase for said biotransformation. Nitrilase was immobilized as cross linked enzyme aggregates (nitrilase-CLEAs) by fractional precipitation with iso-propanol, and cross linked with glutaraldehyde. The nitrilase-CLEAs prepared with optimized 35 mM glutaraldehyde for 120 min cross linking time had 82.36 ± 4.45% residual activity, and displayed type-II structural CLEAs formation as confirmed by particle size, SEM, FTIR, and SDS-PAGE analysis. Nitrilase-CLEAs had superior pH and temperature stability, showed a shift in optimal temperature by 5 °C, and retained nearly 1.5 to 1.7 folds activity over free nitrilase at 50 °C and 55 °C after more than 9 h incubation. Nitrilase-CLEAs showed reduced affinity and decreased conversion of substrate as indicated by slightly higher Km values by 5.19% and reduced Vmax by 17%. Furthermore, these nitrilase-CLEAs showed 98% conversion, 94.72 g/L product formation, and 83.30% recovery after 24 h when used for hydroxylation of 2-chloroisonicotinonitrile to 2-chloroisonicotinic acid. Nitrilase-CLEAs were catalytically active for 3 cycles showcasing 81% conversion, 75.53 g/L product formation and 66.42% yield. The recovered product was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, LC-MS, and 1H NMR, and displayed > 99% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Gulab Khatik
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar Jain
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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Nozawa D, Matsuyama A, Furuya T. Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128908. [PMID: 35902062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyequols are promising analogues of the biologically active flavonoid, equol. We recently found that the flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBro-3 of Rhodococcus opacus regioselectively synthesizes 3'-hydroxyequol from equol, whereas HpaBpl-1 of Photorhabdus luminescens synthesizes 6-hydroxyequol. In this study, we investigated the cascade synthesis of a dihydroxyequol compound from equol using these two enzymes. When Escherichia coli cells expressing HpaBro-3 and cells expressing HpaBpl-1 were simultaneously incubated with equol, the cells efficiently synthesized 6,3'-dihydroxyequol (8.7 mM, 2.4 g/L) via 3'- and 6-hydroxyequols in one pot. The antioxidant activity of the equol derivatives increased with an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups on the equol scaffold. 6,3'-Dihydroxyequol exhibited potent antioxidant activity. In addition, 6-hydroxyequol significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli. Cell survival studies suggested that 6-hydroxyequol is a bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic compound. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the antibacterial activity of hydroxyequols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nozawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Furuya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Tao Y, Xing Y, Jing J, Yu P, He M, Zhang J, Chen L, Jia C, Zhao E. Insight into the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of the fungicide phenamacril in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Environ Pollut 2022; 304:119240. [PMID: 35367504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fungal species Fusarium can cause devastating disease in agricultural crops. Phenamacril is an extremely specific cyanoacrylate fungicide and a strobilurine analog that has excellent efficacy against Fusarium. To date, information on the mechanisms involved in the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of phenamacril in plants is scarce. In this study, lettuce and radish were chosen as model plants for a comparative analysis of the absorption, accumulation, and metabolic characteristics of phenamacril from a polluted environment. We determined the total amount of phenamacril in the plant-water system by measuring the concentrations in the solution and plant tissues at frequent intervals over the exposure period. Phenamacril was readily taken up by the plant roots with average root concentration factor ranges of 60.8-172.7 and 16.4-26.9 mL/g for lettuce and radish, respectively. However, it showed limited root-to-shoot translocation. The lettuce roots had a 2.8-12.4-fold higher phenamacril content than the shoots; whereas the radish plants demonstrated the opposite, with the shoots having 1.5 to 10.0 times more phenamacril than the roots. By the end of the exposure period, the mass losses from the plant-water systems reached 72.0% and 66.3% for phenamacril in lettuce and radish, respectively, suggesting evidence of phenamacril biotransformation. Further analysis confirmed that phenamacril was metabolized via hydroxylation, hydrolysis of esters, demethylation, and desaturation reactions, and formed multiple transformation products. This study furthers our understanding of the fate of phenamacril when it passes from the environment to plants and provides an important reference for its scientific use and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yinghui Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Junjie Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Pingzhong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Min He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
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Wang Z, Lin X, Huang Y, Ma L. The role of hydroxylation on·OH generation for enhanced ozonation of benzoic acids: Reactivity, ozonation efficiency and radical formation mechanism. J Hazard Mater 2022; 431:128620. [PMID: 35278955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaozi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuanxing Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Luming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224000, China.
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39
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Zhang H, Wang C, Guo F, Jin L, Song R, Yang F, Ji L, Yu H. In Silico simulation of Cytochrome P450-Mediated metabolism of aromatic amines: A case study of N- Hydroxylation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 237:113544. [PMID: 35483145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines, the widely used raw materials in industry, cause long-term exposure to human bodies. They can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form active electrophilic compounds, which will potentially react with nucleophilic DNA to exert carcinogenesis. The short lifetime and versatility of the oxidant (a high-valent iron (IV)-oxo species, compound I) of P450 enzymes prompts us to use theoretical methods to investigate the metabolism of aromatic amines. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to simulate the hydroxylation metabolism through H-abstraction and to calculate the activation energy of this reaction for 28 aromatic amines. The results indicate that the steric effects, inductive effects and conjugative effects greatly contribute to the metabolism activity of the chemicals. The further correlation reveals that the dissociation energy of -NH2 (BDEN-H) can successfully predict the time-consuming calculated activation energy (R2 for aromatic and heteroaromatic amines are 0.93 and 0.86, respectively), so BDEN-H can be taken as a key parameter to characterize the relative stability of aromatic amines in P450 enzymes and further to quickly assess their potential toxicity. The validation results prove such relationship has good statistical performance (qcv2 for aromatic and heteroaromatic amines are 0.95 and 0.90, respectively) and can be used to other aromatic amines in the application domain, greatly reducing computational cost and providing useful support for experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanni Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Quality and Safety Engineering Institute of Food and Drug, School of Management Engineering and Electronic Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Lingmin Jin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Runqian Song
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Ji
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Cannazza P, Rabuffetti M, Donzella S, De Vitis V, Contente ML, de Oliveira MDCF, de Mattos MC, Barbosa FG, de Souza Oliveira RP, Pinto A, Molinari F, Romano D. Whole cells of recombinant CYP153A6-E. coli as biocatalyst for regioselective hydroxylation of monoterpenes. AMB Express 2022; 12:48. [PMID: 35478304 PMCID: PMC9046528 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized recombinant whole cells of E. coli bearing CYP153A6 were employed for catalyzing the hydroxylation of different monoterpene derivatives. In most cases, high selectivity was observed with exclusive hydroxylation of the allylic methyl group bound to the aliphatic ring. In the case of (R)- and (S)-carvone, hydroxylation occurred also on the other allylic methyl group, although to a lesser extent. Biotransformations carried out in fed-batch mode on (S)-limonene and α-terpineol showed that recombinant whole cells retained activity for at least 24 h, allowing for the recovery of 3.25 mg mL−1 of (S)-perillyl alcohol and 5.45 mg mL−1 of 7-hydroxy-α-terpineol, respectively. Different monoterpenes can be regioselectively hydroxylated by CYP153A6 monooxygenase The biotransformation with whole cells is complementary to chemical oxyfunctionalization Fed-batch biotransformations have been applied for preparative purposes
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Gomes OP, Rheinheimer JPC, Dias LFG, Batagin-Neto A, Lisboa-Filho PN. Revisiting the hydroxylation phenomenon of SiO 2: a study through "hard-hard" and "soft-soft" interactions. J Mol Model 2022; 28:115. [PMID: 35391628 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface hydroxylation has been extensively studied over the years for a variety of applications, and studies involving hydroxylation of different silica surfaces are still carried out due to the interesting properties obtained from those modified surfaces. Although a number of theoretical studies have been employed to evaluate details on the hydroxylation phenomenon on silica (SiO2) surfaces, most of these studies are based on computationally expensive models commonly based on extended systems. In order to circumvent such an aspect, here we present a low-cost theoretical study on the SiO2 hydroxylation process aiming to evaluate aspects associated with water-SiO2 interaction. Details about local reactivity, chemical softness, and electrostatic potential were evaluated for SiO2 model substrates in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) using a molecular approach. The obtained results from this new and promising approach were validated and complemented by fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics (FARMD) simulations. Furthermore, the implemented approach proves to be a powerful tool that is not restricted to the study of hydroxylation, opening a promising route for low computational cost to analyze passivation and anchoring processes on a variety of oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orisson P Gomes
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), POSMAT, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
| | - João P C Rheinheimer
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F G Dias
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), POSMAT, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Augusto Batagin-Neto
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), POSMAT, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.,São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Itapeva, Itapeva, SP, 18409-010, Brazil
| | - Paulo N Lisboa-Filho
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), POSMAT, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.,Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
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Ma Z, Hada M, Nakatani N. Mechanistic insights into the selectivity of norcarane oxidation by oxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100810. [PMID: 34981629 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OxoMn(V) porphyrin complexes perform competitive hydroxylation, desaturation, and radical rearrangement reactions using diagnostic substrate norcarane. Initial C-H cleavage proceeds through the two hydrogen abstraction steps from the two adjacent carbon on the norcarane, then the selective reaction is performed to generate various products. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that the hydroxylation and desaturation reactions are triggered by a rate-determining H-abstraction step, whereas the rate-determining step for the radical rearrangement is located at the rebound step ( TS2 ). We find that the endo- 2 reaction is favorable over other reactions, which is consistent with the experimental result. Furthermore, the competitive pathways for norcarane oxidation depend on the non-covalent interaction between norcarane and porphyrin-ring, and orbital energy gaps between donor and acceptor orbitals because of stable or unstable acceptor orbital. The stereo- and regio-selectivities of norcarane oxidation are hardly sensitive to the zero-point energy and thermal free energy corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ma
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Chemistry, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, 192-0397, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Tokyo Metropolitan University - Minamiosawa Campus: Shuto Daigaku Tokyo, Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Naoki Nakatani
- Tokyo Metropolitan University - Minamiosawa Campus: Shuto Daigaku Tokyo, Chemistry, JAPAN
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43
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Arumugam K, Sellappan M, Anand D, Anand S, Radhakrishnan SV. A Text Mining and Machine Learning Protocol for Extracting Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins from PubMed: A Special Focus on Glycosylation, Acetylation, Methylation, Hydroxylation, and Ubiquitination. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2496:179-202. [PMID: 35713865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2305-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins impart a significant role in human cellular functions ranging from localization to signal transduction. Hundreds of PTMs act in a human cell. Among them, only the selected PTMs are well established and documented. PubMed includes thousands of papers on the selected PTMs, and it is a challenge for the biomedical researchers to assimilate useful information manually. Alternatively, text mining approaches and machine learning algorithm automatically extract the relevant information from PubMed. Protein phosphorylation is a well-established PTM and several research works are under way. Many existing systems are there for protein phosphorylation information extraction. A recent approach uses a hybrid approach using text mining and machine learning to extract protein phosphorylation information from PubMed. Some of the other common PTMs that exhibit similar features in terms of entities that are involved in PTM process, that is, the substrate, the enzymes, and the amino acid residues, are glycosylation, acetylation, methylation, hydroxylation, and ubiquitination. This has motivated us to repurpose and extend the text mining protocol and machine learning information extraction methodology developed for protein phosphorylation to these PTMs. In this chapter, the chemistry behind each of the PTMs is briefly outlined and the text mining protocol and machine learning algorithm adaption is explained for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamurthy Arumugam
- Department of Management Studies, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Malathi Sellappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dheepa Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Cheran College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sadhanha Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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Lin YT, Ali HS, de Visser S. Biodegradation of herbicides by a plant nonheme iron dioxygenase: mechanism and selectivity of substrate analogues. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103982. [PMID: 34911156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenases are unique herbicide biodegrading nonheme iron enzymes found in plants and hence, from environmental and agricultural point of view they are important and valuable. However, they often are substrate specific and little is known on the details of the mechanism and the substrate scope. To this end, we created enzyme models and calculate the mechanism for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid biodegradation and 2-methyl substituted analogs by density functional theory. The work shows that the substrate binding is tight and positions the aliphatic group close to the metal center to enable a chemoselective reaction mechanism to form the C 2 -hydroxy products, whereas the aromatic hydroxylation barriers are well higher in energy. Subsequently, we investigated the metabolism of R - and S -methyl substituted inhibitors and show that these do not react as efficiently as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid substrate due to stereochemical clashes in the active site and particularly for the R -isomer give high rebound barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Lin
- UoM: The University of Manchester, Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Hafiz S Ali
- UoM: The University of Manchester, Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Samuel de Visser
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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Zhou J, Li SM. Conversion of viridicatic acid to crustosic acid by cytochrome P450 enzyme-catalysed hydroxylation and spontaneous cyclisation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9181-9. [PMID: 34761275 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are considered nature's most versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in regio- and stereoselective oxidation reactions on a broad range of organic molecules. The oxyfunctionalisation of unactivated carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, in particular, represents a key step in the biosynthesis of many natural products as it provides substrates with increased reactivity for tailoring reactions. In this study, we investigated the function of the P450 enzyme TraB in the terrestric acid biosynthetic pathway. We firstly deleted the gene coding for the DNA repair subunit protein Ku70 by using split marker-based deletion plasmids for convenient recycling of the selection marker to improve gene targeting in Penicillium crustosum. Hereby, we reduced ectopic DNA integration and facilitated genetic manipulation in P. crustosum. Afterward, gene deletion in the Δku70 mutant of the native producer P. crustosum and heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans with precursor feeding proved the involvement of TraB in the formation of crustosic acid by catalysing the essential hydroxylation reaction of viridicatic acid. KEY POINTS: •Deletion of Ku70 by using split marker approach for selection marker recycling. •Functional identification of the cytochrome P450 enzyme TraB. •Fulfilling the reaction steps in the terrestric acid biosynthesis.
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Cassemiro NS, Sanches LB, Kato NN, Ruller R, Carollo CA, de Mello JCP, Dos Santos Dos Anjos E, Silva DB. New derivatives of the iridoid specioside from fungal biotransformation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7731-7741. [PMID: 34568964 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iridoids are widely found from species of Bignoniaceae family and exhibit several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor. Specioside is an iridoid found from Tabebuia species, mainly in Tabebuia aurea. Thus, here fungus-mediated biotransformation of the iridoid specioside was investigated by seven fungi. The fungus-mediated biotransformation reactions resulted in a total of nineteen different analogs by fungus Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niveus, Penicillium crustosum, and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Non-glycosylated specioside was the main metabolite observed. The other analogs were yielded from ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation reactions. The non-glycosylated specioside and coumaric acid were yielded by all fungi-mediated biotransformation. Thus, fungus applied in this study showed the ability to perform hydroxylation and glycosidic, as well as ester hydrolysis reactions from glycosylated iridoid. KEY POINTS: • The biotransformation of specioside by seven fungi yielded nineteen analogs. • The non-glycosylated specioside was the main analog obtained. • Ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation reactions were observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Bonifácio Sanches
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Naomi Kato
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos Santos Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
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Long X, Zhao G, Hu J, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zuo Y, Jiao F. Cracked-earth-like titanium carbide MXene membranes with abundant hydroxyl groups for oil-in-water emulsion separation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:378-388. [PMID: 34509112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Membrane separation technology is one of the best methods to deal with wastewater released from oil spills and industrial wastewater. Therefore, we designed and prepared hydroxyl-rich titanium carbide MXene materials and filtered them onto a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride substrate membrane to obtain a cracked-earth-like MXene membrane with abundant hydroxyl groups and excellent underwater wettability. The underwater oil contact and sliding angles were approximately 157° and less than 3°, respectively. Moreover, the membrane effectively separated a variety of surfactant-stabilized stable emulsions with a high permeation flux of up to 6385 L m-2h-1 bar-1 and offered adequate performance after five cycles of the separation experiment. Additionally, the membrane exhibited remarkable resistance toward corrosive chemicals without any decrease in its underwater wettability performance. For example, the membrane was used to separate the emulsions containing alkali, salt, and acid. This study provides a new strategy to resolve the oily wastewater disposal problem by fabricating a cracked-earth-like MXene membrane with abundant hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yijian Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Yi Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Feipeng Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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Kim HW, Jo JH, Kim YB, Le TK, Cho CW, Yun CH, Chi WS, Yeom SJ. Biodegradation of polystyrene by bacteria from the soil in common environments. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:126239. [PMID: 34492990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS), a major plastic waste, is difficult to biodegrade due to its unique chemical structure that comprises phenyl moieties attached to long linear alkanes. In this study, we investigated the biodegradation of PS by mesophilic bacterial cultures obtained from various soils in common environments. Two new strains, Pseudomonas lini JNU01 and Acinetobacter johnsonii JNU01, were specifically enriched in non-carbonaceous nutrient medium, with PS as the only source of carbon. Their growth after culturing in basal media increased more than 3-fold in the presence of PS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, used to confirm the formation of hydroxyl groups and potentially additional chemical bond groups, showed an increase in the amount of oxidized PS samples. Moreover, field emission scanning electron microcopy analysis confirmed PS biodegradation by biofilms of the screened microbes. Water contact angle measurement additionally offered insights into the increased hydrophilic characteristics of PS films. Bioinformatics and transcriptional analysis of A. johnsonii JNU01 revealed alkane-1-monooxygenase (AlkB) to be involved in PS biodegradation, which was confirmed by the hydroxylation of PS using recombinant AlkB. These results provide significant insights into the discovery of novel functions of Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp., as well as their potential as PS decomposers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Woo Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Jin Hui Jo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Ye-Bin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Thien-Kim Le
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Won Seok Chi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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Gu C, Fan X, Ti Q, Yang X, Bian Y, Sun C, Jiang X. Mechanistic insight into hydroxylation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether during biodegradation by typical aerobic bacteria: Experimental and computational studies. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:126132. [PMID: 34492924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of persistent pollutants in the environment. Though aerobic biodegradation of PBDEs have been extensively studied, the involved hydroxylation mechanism decisive for whole biotransformation is not clear yet. During the effective biodegradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) by B. xenovorans LB400, the depletion of endogenous ∙OH by scavenger could bring about the significant decrease of biodegradation efficiency whereas ·O2- was nearly not influential. Given the importance of ∙OH in hydroxylation, the reaction mechanisms along major pathways of electrophilic addition and hydrogen abstraction were theoretically examined by density functional theory (DFT). For the less demand of activation energy, the relative preference of electrophilic addition was shown at aromatic C3-site. When the secondary reaction was considered after addition at C4-site, the barrierless association of ∙OH at C3-site and deprotonation by H2O was validated as the energetically-favorable pathway that may cause dihydroxylation of BDE-47 into 3,4-dihydroxyl-BDE-17. The electrophilic addition followed by seconary barrierless trans-association of ∙OH and then dehydration seemed favorable for monohydroxylation as regards energetic barrier merely up to 194.01 kJ mol-1, while the hydrogen abstraction by ∙OH from C5-site was more privileged actually. The theoretical insights would help well understand the hydroxylation mechanism of PBDEs by aerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qingqing Ti
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xinglun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Shire K, Marcon E, Greenblatt J, Frappier L. Characterization of a cancer-associated Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 variant reveals a novel interaction with PLOD1 and PLOD3. Virology 2021; 562:103-109. [PMID: 34304093 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequence analysis of Epstein-Barr virus genomes from tumours and healthy individuals identified three amino acid changes in EBNA1 that are strongly associated with gastric carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Here we show that, while these mutations do not impact EBNA1 plasmid maintenance function, one of them (Thr85Ala) decreases transcriptional activation and results in a gain of function interaction with PLOD1 and PLOD3. PLOD family proteins are strongly linked to multiple cancers, and PLOD1 is recognized as a prognostic marker of gastric carcinoma. We identified the PLOD1 binding site in EBNA1as the N-terminal transactivation domain and show that lysine 83 is critical for this interaction. The results provide a novel link between EBV infection and the cancer-associated PLOD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Shire
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Ave, Suite 1600, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jack Greenblatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Ave, Suite 1600, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Lori Frappier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Ave, Suite 1600, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
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