1
|
Khairuddin F, Zaharah Mohd Fuzi SF, Ahmad A, Oon LK, Bokhari A, Dailin DJ, Habila MA, Nawaz A, Chuah LF. Evaluation on microalgae for the production of bio-chemicals and electricity. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141007. [PMID: 38141667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in biophotovoltaic systems using microalgae, coupled with biorefinery approach, would improve economy-feasibility in production. The major concern is its commercial strength in terms of scalability, strain selection and extraction procedure cost. It must compete with conventional feedstocks such as fossil fuels. This project proposes to enhance the economic feasibility of microalgae-based biorefinery by evaluating their performance for bio-electricity, bio-diesel and carotenoids production in a single cycle. The first part of the study was to construct and select a Bio-bottle Voltaic (BBV) device that would allow microalgae to grow and produce bioproducts, as well as generate the maximum current output reading derived from the microalgae's photosynthesis process. The second phase consisted of a 25-day investigation into the biorefinery performance of six different microalgal species in producing bio-electricity, bio-diesel and carotenoid in a prototype BBV device. The prototype BBV device with aluminium foil and pencil lead as its anode and cathode produced the highest carotenoid and biodiesel component production from the two microalgae tested, according to the results of the first phase of the experiment. In the second portion of the study, Scenedesmus dimorphus and Chlorella vulgaris were identified as the two microalgae most capable of maintaining their growth throughout the experiment. The maximum current reading observed for C. vulgaris was 653 mV. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis showed four major carotenoid compounds found which were Neoxanthin, Cantaxanthin, Astaxanthin and 9-cis antheraxanthin, and the highest carotenoid producer was C. vulgaris which recorded at 1.73 μg/mL. C. vulgaris recorded as the most alkanes producer with 22 compounds detected and Heptacosane and Heneicosane as the two major biodiesel compounds found in the extracts. Evaluation of C. vulgaris data showed that it has enormous potential for microalgal biorefinery candidates. Further ongoing research and development efforts for C. vulgaris will improve the economic viability of microalgae-based industries and reduce reliance on depleted fossil fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farahayu Khairuddin
- Malaysia Genome & Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Low Kheng Oon
- Malaysia Genome & Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Bokhari
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Nawaz
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - L F Chuah
- School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salim NO, Fuad FAA, Khairuddin F, Seman WMKW, Jonet MA. Purifying and Characterizing Bacterially Expressed Soluble Lactate Dehydrogenase from Plasmodium knowlesi for the Development of Anti-Malarial Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216625. [PMID: 34771034 PMCID: PMC8588329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLH) is one of the enzymes in glycolysis with potential target for chemotherapy. This study aimed to clone, overexpress and characterize soluble recombinant lactate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium knowlesi in a bacterial system. Synthetic P. knowlesi lactate dehydrogenase (Pk-LDH) gene was cloned into pET21a expression vector, transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) expression system and then incubated for 18 h, 20 °C with the presence of 0.5 mM isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside in Terrific broth supplemented with Magnesium sulfate, followed by protein purifications using Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Enzymatic assay was conducted to determine the activity of the enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that protein of 34 kDa size was present in the soluble fraction. In SEC, a single peak corresponding to the size of Pk-LDH protein was observed, indicating that the protein has been successfully purified. From MALDI-TOF analysis findings, a peptide score of 282 was established, which is significant for lactate dehydrogenase from P. knowlesi revealed via MASCOT analysis. Secondary structure analysis of CD spectra indicated 79.4% α helix and 1.37% β strand structure. Specific activity of recombinant Pk-LDH was found to be 475.6 U/mg, confirming the presence of active protein. Soluble Pk-LDH that is biologically active was produced, which can be used further in other malaria studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhainis Ogu Salim
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
- Parasitology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia NIH Complex, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fazia Adyani Ahmad Fuad
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-6421-4577
| | - Farahayu Khairuddin
- Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.K.); (W.M.K.W.S.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Wan Mohd Khairulikhsan Wan Seman
- Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.K.); (W.M.K.W.S.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Mohd Anuar Jonet
- Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.K.); (W.M.K.W.S.); (M.A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahimi S, Lamri MF, Abd Mutalib S, Mohd Khalid R, Md Tab M, Khairuddin F. Gene expression of microbial gelatinase activity for porcine gelatine identification. Food Chem 2021; 355:129586. [PMID: 33773458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to invent a porcine gelatine detection device using microbial resources, bacterial enzymes with a preference towards porcine gelatine and their candidate genes were evaluated. Five (n = 5) bacterial strains isolated from hot spring water and wet clay, Malaysia were screened for their gelatinase activity. The gelatinase enzyme was extracted and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation prior to performing gelatinase assay on porcine, bovine and fish gelatine medium substrates. The G2 strain or Enterobacter aerogenes (Strain EA1) was selected for whole genome sequenced after showing a consistent trend of preference towards porcine gelatine. The gelatinase candidate gene gelEA1_9 was cloned and expressed. Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with POST-HOC Duncan test (α = 0.05), the final product of gelEA1_9 was identified as a novel gelatinase. This gelatinase presented no significant difference in activity towards porcine gelatine. Hence, the present study demonstrated an enzyme-substrate interaction for porcine gelatine identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safiyyah Shahimi
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadly Lamri
- Politeknik METrO Kuantan, No A-5 Jalan Tun Ismail 2, Sri Dagangan 11, 25000 Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sahilah Abd Mutalib
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rozida Mohd Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mahzan Md Tab
- Jabatan Kimia Malaysia, Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farahayu Khairuddin
- Malaysia Genome Institute (MGI), Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zakaria II, Salin NH, Amanah A, Othman S, Khairuddin F, Khawory MH, Wahab RA, Rahaman MRA, Chern PP, Johari NA, Wahab H. Potential anti-viral compounds from Malaysian Plant Natural Product Repository and Database (MyNature50000) for DENV2. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1578184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hanim Salin
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Shatrah Othman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farahayu Khairuddin
- Protein Expression and Purification Unit, Malaysia Genome Institute, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hidhir Khawory
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Pua Pei Chern
- Faculty of Biotechnology, International Manipal University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azfa Johari
- Protein Expression and Purification Unit, Malaysia Genome Institute, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thalayasingam M, Veerakumarasivam A, Kulanthayan S, Khairuddin F, Cheah IGS. Clinical clues for head injuries amongst Malaysian infants: accidental or non-accidental? Injury 2012; 43:2083-7. [PMID: 22424957 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the differences between infants with non-accidental head injuries (NAHI) and accidental head injuries (AHI) may help alert clinicians to recognize markers of abuse. A retrospective review of infants <1 year of age admitted to a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia over a two year period with a diagnosis of head injury or abnormal computed tomography head scans was conducted to identify the clinical features pointing towards a diagnosis of NAHI by comparing the socio-demographics, presenting complaints, clinical features and the extent of hospital investigations carried out. NAHI infants were more likely to be symptomatic, under a non-related caregiver's supervision, and presented with inconsistent or no known mechanism of injury. Subdural haemorrhages were more common in NAHI infants. The history, mechanism of injury, presenting signs and symptoms as well as the nature of the injuries sustained are all valuable clues as to whether a head injury sustained during infancy is likely to be accidental or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Thalayasingam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|