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Chen Y, Liu C, Zheng X, Liu T, Xie H, Lin SQ, Zhang H, Shi J, Liu X, Wang Z, Deng L, Shi H. Machine learning to identify precachexia and cachexia: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:630. [PMID: 39225814 PMCID: PMC11371878 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of precachexia is important for the prevention and treatment of cachexia. However, how to identify precachexia is still a challenge. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to detect cancer precachexia using a simple method and distinguish the different characteristics of precachexia and cachexia. METHODS We included 3896 participants in this study. We used all baseline characteristics as input variables and trained machine learning (ML) models to calculate the importance of the variables. After filtering the variables based on their importance, the models were retrained. The best model was selected based on the receiver operating characteristic value. Subsequently, we used the same method and process to identify patients with precachexia in a noncachexia population using the same method and process. RESULTS Participants in this study included 2228 men (57.2%) and 1668 women (42.8%), of whom 471 were diagnosed with precachexia, 1178 with cachexia, and the remainder with noncachexia. The most important characteristics of cachexia were eating changes, arm circumference, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and C-reactive protein albumin ratio (CAR). The most important features distinguishing precachexia were eating changes, serum creatinine, HDL, handgrip strength, and CAR. The two logistic regression models for screening for cachexia and diagnosing precachexia had the highest area under the curve values of 0.830 and 0.701, respectively. Calibration and decision curves showed that the models had good accuracy. CONCLUSION We developed two models for identifying precachexia and cachexia, which will help clinicians detect and diagnose precachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chenan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hailun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shi-Qi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jinyu Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaoyue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Morena F, Cabrera AR, Greene NP. Exploring heterogeneity: a dive into preclinical models of cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C310-C328. [PMID: 38853648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00317.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial and complex syndrome experienced by up to 80% of patients with cancer and implicated in ∼40% of cancer-related deaths. Given its significant impact on patients' quality of life and prognosis, there has been a growing emphasis on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of CC using preclinical models. However, the mechanisms of cachexia appear to differ across several variables including tumor type and model and biologic variables such as sex. These differences may be exacerbated by variance in experimental approaches and data reporting. This review examines literature spanning from 2011 to March 2024, focusing on common preclinical models of CC, including Lewis Lung Carcinoma, pancreatic KPC, and colorectal colon-26 and Apcmin/+ models. Our analysis reveals considerable heterogeneity in phenotypic outcomes, and investigated mechanisms within each model, with particular attention to sex differences that may be exacerbated through methodological differences. Although searching for unified mechanisms is critical, we posit that effective treatment approaches are likely to leverage the heterogeneity presented by the tumor and pertinent biological variables to direct specific interventions. In exploring this heterogeneity, it becomes critical to consider methodological and data reporting approaches to best inform further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Morena
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Ana Regina Cabrera
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
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Shi Y, Sun Y, Shen X, Yang Z, Xu B, Bao C. Combination of handgrip strength and high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score predicts survival outcomes in patients with colon cancer. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1421560. [PMID: 39010859 PMCID: PMC11247022 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Handgrip strength (HGS) and the high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (HS-mGPS) are associated with the survival of patients with cancer. However, no studies have investigated the combined effect of HGS and HS-mGPS on the overall survival (OS) of patients with colon cancer. Methods Prospective follow-up data of colon cancer patients undergoing radical resection from April, 2016 to September, 2019 were retrospectively collected. We combined the HGS and HS-mGPS to create a new composite index, HGS-HS-mGPS. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Cox regression models to assess the association between variables and OS. Risk factors on OS rates were investigated by Cox analyses and the nomogram was constructed using significant predictors and HGS-HS-mGPS. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curve. Results This study included a total of 811 patients, of which 446 (55.0%) were male. The HGS optimal cut-off values of male and female patients were 28.8 and 19.72 kg, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that low HGS and high HS-mGPS were independent risk factors of colon cancer after adjusting confounders (adjusted HR = 3.20; 95% CI: 2.27-4.50; p < 0.001 and adjusted HR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12-2.14; p = 0.008 respectively). Patients with low HGS and high HS-mGPS had a 10.76-fold higher mortality risk than those with neither (adjusted HR = 10.76; 95% CI: 5.38-21.54; p < 0.001). A nomogram predicting 1-, 3-, and 5 year OS was constructed based on three clinicopathologic prognostic factors. Importantly, incorporating HGS-HS-mGPS into the nomogram model meaningfully improved the predictive performance. The decision curve analyses demonstrated the application value of the HGS-HS-mGPS nomogram for predicting OS of patients with colon cancer. Conclusion HGS-HS-mGPS is associated with the survival of patients with colon cancer. These findings indicate the usefulness of HGS and HS-mGPS measurements in clinical practice for improving patient assessment, cancer prognosis, and precise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zenghui Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Binghua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuanqing Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zhang KL, Zhou MM, Wang KH, Weng M, Zhou FX, Cui JW, Li W, Ma H, Guo ZQ, Li SY, Chen JQ, Wu XH, Zhao QC, Li JP, Xu HX, Shi HP, Song CH. Integrated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and handgrip strength better predict survival in patients with cancer cachexia. Nutrition 2024; 122:112399. [PMID: 38493542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic inflammation and skeletal muscle strength play crucial roles in the development and progression of cancer cachexia. In this study we aimed to evaluate the combined prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and handgrip strength (HGS) for survival in patients with cancer cachexia. METHODS This multicenter cohort study involved 1826 patients with cancer cachexia. The NLR-HGS (NH) index was defined as the ratio of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to handgrip strength. Harrell's C index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to assess the prognosis of NH. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of NH with all-cause mortality. RESULTS Based on the optimal stratification, 380 women (NH > 0.14) and 249 men (NH > 0.19) were classified as having high NH. NH has shown greater predictive value compared to other indicators in predicting the survival of patients with cancer cachexia according to the 1-, 3-, and 5-y ROC analysis and Harrell's C index calculation. Multivariate survival analysis showed that higher NH was independently associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.654, 95% confidence interval = 1.389-1.969). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the NH index, in combination with NLR and HGS, is an effective predictor of the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia. It can offer effective prognosis stratification and guidance for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Weng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiu-Wei Cui
- Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hu Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Su-Yi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism of Oncology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji-Peng Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Shorter E, Engman V, Lanner JT. Cancer-associated muscle weakness - From triggers to molecular mechanisms. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101260. [PMID: 38457901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness is a debilitating consequence of many malignancies. Muscle weakness has a negative impact on both patient wellbeing and outcome in a range of cancer types and can be the result of loss of muscle mass (i.e. muscle atrophy, cachexia) and occur independently of muscle atrophy or cachexia. There are multiple cancer specific triggers that can initiate the progression of muscle weakness, including the malignancy itself and the tumour environment, as well as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and malnutrition. This can induce weakness via different routes: 1) impaired intrinsic capacity (i.e., contractile dysfunction and intramuscular impairments in excitation-contraction coupling or crossbridge cycling), 2) neuromuscular disconnection and/or 3) muscle atrophy. The mechanisms that underlie these pathways are a complex interplay of inflammation, autophagy, disrupted protein synthesis/degradation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The current lack of therapies to treat cancer-associated muscle weakness highlight the critical need for novel interventions (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) and mechanistic insight. Moreover, most research in the field has placed emphasis on directly improving muscle mass to improve muscle strength. However, accumulating evidence suggests that loss of muscle function precedes atrophy. This review primarily focuses on cancer-associated muscle weakness, independent of cachexia, and provides a solid background on the underlying mechanisms, methodology, current interventions, gaps in knowledge, and limitations of research in the field. Moreover, we have performed a mini-systematic review of recent research into the mechanisms behind muscle weakness in specific cancer types, along with the main pathways implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Shorter
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Engman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Freckelton J, Rajagopalan A, Moore GT, Croagh D. Handgrip Strength Predicts Survival in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2024; 53:e405-e409. [PMID: 38517481 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common cancer with a poor prognosis and is associated with a high prevalence of cachexia, a metabolic syndrome of muscle wasting due to complex mechanisms. In addition to loss of muscle mass, cancer patients also experience functional deterioration. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is an association between muscle mass and function and clinical outcomes, particularly survival. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study including all patients with PDAC at Monash Health from March 2016 to December 2017. We conducted body composition analysis for myopenia and handgrip strength testing. We constructed Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate whether myopenia and low hand grip strength were associated with poorer survival. RESULTS Myopenia was not associated with a significant difference in PDAC-specific survival (log-rank P = 0.60). However, low handgrip strength was associated with significantly worse PDAC-specific survival compared with other patients (log-rank hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.09; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between survival in PDAC and handgrip strength, but not anatomical muscle mass, suggests that functional testing of strength may be important in prognostication of patients with PDAC, alongside existing tools such as the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status.
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Wu HF, Yan JP, Wu Q, Yu Z, Xu HX, Song CH, Guo ZQ, Li W, Xiang YJ, Xu Z, Luo J, Cheng SQ, Zhang FM, Shi HP, Zhuang CL. Discovery of distinct cancer cachexia phenotypes using an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm. Nutrition 2024; 119:112317. [PMID: 38154396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer cachexia is a debilitating condition with widespread negative effects. The heterogeneity of clinical features within patients with cancer cachexia is unclear. The identification and prognostic analysis of diverse phenotypes of cancer cachexia may help develop individualized interventions to improve outcomes for vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to show that the machine learning-based cancer cachexia classification model generalized well on the external validation cohort. METHODS This was a nationwide multicenter observational study conducted from October 2012 to April 2021 in China. Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis was applied based on demographic, anthropometric, nutritional, oncological, and quality-of-life data. Key characteristics of each cluster were identified using the standardized mean difference. We used logistic and Cox regression analysis to evaluate 1-, 3-, 5-y, and overall mortality. RESULTS A consensus clustering algorithm was performed for 4329 patients with cancer cachexia in the discovery cohort, and four clusters with distinct phenotypes were uncovered. From clusters 1 to 4, the clinical characteristics of patients showed a transition from almost unimpaired to mildly, moderately, and severely impaired. Consistently, an increase in mortality from clusters 1 to 4 was observed. The overall mortality rate was 32%, 40%, 54%, and 68%, and the median overall survival time was 21.9, 18, 16.7, and 13.6 mo for patients in clusters 1 to 4, respectively. Our machine learning-based model performed better in predicting mortality than the traditional model. External validation confirmed the above results. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning is valuable for phenotype classifications of patients with cancer cachexia. Detection of clinically distinct clusters among cachexic patients assists in scheduling personalized treatment strategies and in patient selection for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wu
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Peng Yan
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Min Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Le Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Kanemura T, Takeoka T, Sugase T, Urakawa S, Masuike Y, Shinno N, Hara H, Kitakaze M, Kubo M, Mukai Y, Sueda T, Hasegawa S, Akita H, Nishimura J, Wada H, Yasui M, Omori T, Miyata H. Significance of Comprehensive Analysis of Preoperative Sarcopenia Based on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function for the Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:818-826. [PMID: 37989955 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of muscle mass loss, muscle strength, and physical function has been recommended in diagnosing sarcopenia. However, only muscle mass has been assessed in previous studies. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of comprehensively diagnosed preoperative sarcopenia on the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS The study analyzed 115 patients with esophageal cancer (age ≥ 65 years) who underwent curative esophagectomy. Preoperative sarcopenia was analyzed using the skeletal mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and gait speed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Clinicopathologic factors, incidence of postoperative complications, and overall survival (OS) were compared between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. The significance of the three individual parameters also was evaluated. RESULTS The evaluation identified 47 (40.9%) patients with low SMI, 31 (27.0%) patients with low handgrip strength, and 6 (5.2%) patients with slow gait speed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 23 patients (20%) and associated with older age and advanced pT stage. The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. Among the three parameters, only slow gait speed was associated with Clavien-Dindo grade 2 or greater complications. The sarcopenia group showed significantly worse OS than the non-sarcopenia group. Those with low handgrip strength tended to have worse OS, and those with slow gait speed had significantly worse OS than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative sarcopenia diagnosed using skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function may have an impact on the survival of patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohira Takeoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahito Sugase
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Urakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kitakaze
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yousuke Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
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Willbanks A, Seals M, Karmali R, Roy I. Harnessing the Systemic Biology of Functional Decline and Cachexia to Inform more Holistic Therapies for Incurable Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:360. [PMID: 38254849 PMCID: PMC10814065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Options for treatment of incurable cancer remain scarce and are largely focused on limited therapeutic mechanisms. A new approach specific to advanced cancers is needed to identify new and effective treatments. Morbidity in advanced cancer is driven by functional decline and a number of systemic conditions, including cachexia and fatigue. This review will focus on these clinical concepts, describe our current understanding of their underlying biology, and then propose how future therapeutic strategies, including pharmaceuticals, exercise, and rehabilitation, could target these mechanisms as an alternative route to addressing incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Seals
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ishan Roy
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Pérez-Parra JE, Henao-Lema CP, Arcos-Rodríguez AV, López-Ocampo N, Castaño-García C, Pérez-Gamboa OP. Handgrip strength and upper limb functional performance measures in people over 18 years old: Analysis of relationships and influencing factors. J Hand Ther 2024; 37:101-109. [PMID: 37580200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength is a common, simple, and inexpensive method to measure muscle strength. On the other hand, the functional performance measurement involves a usual task which implies repeating elements between the individuals' interaction and the environment. This is fundamental for projecting their results to daily life situation. PURPOSE To explore the relationship between grip strength and measures of functional performance of the upper limbs (ULs) in people over 18 years of age, and to determine the influence of sociodemographic and anthropometric variables on the relationship. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted under the analytical empirical approach, using linear associations between handgrip strength and functional performance measurement tests (correspondence analysis). METHODS Three hundred sixty-two male and female individuals between 18 and 91 years of age from 4 Colombian cities participated. The grip strength of both ULs measured with a digital dynamometry was associated with the Box and Block Test (BBT, manual dexterity), Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT, daily living tasks), and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JJT, ability to grasp, pick up, and place). Multiple linear regression analyzes were performed to assess possible explanatory factors of a sociodemographic and anthropometric order. RESULTS A significant association was found between the grip strength of dominant and non-dominant ULs with all functional performance tests (ρ > 0.27 and p < .001), except for the writing and simulated feeding subtests of the JJT (ρ ≤ 0.16). An interactive effect of age was found in the relationship between grip strength and the 3 functional performance tests. CONCLUSIONS These results support the association between grip strength with the NHPT, JJT, and BBT measures and the interactive effect of age on the performance of all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia López-Ocampo
- Master in Neurorehabilitation, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
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11
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Izmailova ES, Wagner JA, Bakker JP, Kilian R, Ellis R, Ohri N. A proposed multi-domain, digital model for capturing functional status and health-related quality of life in oncology. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13712. [PMID: 38266055 PMCID: PMC10774540 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Whereas traditional oncology clinical trial endpoints remain key for assessing novel treatments, capturing patients' functional status is increasingly recognized as an important aspect for supporting clinical decisions and assessing outcomes in clinical trials. Existing functional status assessments suffer from various limitations, some of which may be addressed by adopting digital health technologies (DHTs) as a means of collecting both objective and self-reported outcomes. In this mini-review, we propose a device-agnostic multi-domain model for oncology capturing functional status, which includes physical activity data, vital signs, sleep variables, and measures related to health-related quality of life enabled by connected digital tools. By using DHTs for all aspects of data collection, our proposed model allows for high-resolution measurement of objective data as patients navigate their daily lives outside of the hospital setting. This is complemented by electronic questionnaires administered at intervals appropriate for each instrument. Preliminary testing and practical considerations to address before adoption are also discussed. Finally, we highlight multi-institutional pre-competitive collaborations as a means of successfully transitioning the proposed digitally enabled data collection model from feasibility studies to interventional trials and care management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessie P. Bakker
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rachel Kilian
- Koneksa HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- SSI StrategyNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Nitin Ohri
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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12
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Hsu NW, Lin CH, Yang NP, Chen HC, Chou P. Handgrip strength is associated with mortality in community-dwelling older adults: the Yilan cohort study, Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2194. [PMID: 37940899 PMCID: PMC10631044 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the methods to help early identification of physical frailty and sarcopenia, the major concerns in the aging societies. It is also crucial to evaluate its impact on mortality. However, the available evidence regarding such impact among specific age cohorts (65 to 74 years and above) is limited. This study tried to investigate the relationship between HGS and mortality among specific cohorts of the community-dwelling older individuals in Yilan, Taiwan. METHODS A seven-year longitudinal follow-up study was conducted involving 2,468 community-dwelling older individuals in Yilan. The participants were divided into two groups based on their quartiles of hand grip strength: with poor HGS and with good HGS. The association between HGS and mortality was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The analysis revealed that age, HGS, gender, medical history of cardiovascular diseases, body mass index, and wrist-hip ratio had significant impacts on seven-year survival. Specifically, individuals with poor HGS exhibited increased mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.52-2.30). Furthermore, the adverse effect of poor HGS on mortality was more pronounced in males aged 65-74 years (adjusted HR 4.12, 95% CI: 2.16-7.84), females aged 75 years or older (2.09, 1.43-3.04) and males aged 75 years or older (1.49, 1.07-2.07). CONCLUSION Poor hand grip strength is an independent risk factor for mid-term mortality among community-dwelling older individuals in Yilan. The assessment of HGS can serve as a valuable tool in identifying older individuals at higher risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wei Hsu
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- Public Health Bureau, Yilan County, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ping Yang
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Ling T, Zhang J, Ding F, Ma L. Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:462. [PMID: 37780545 PMCID: PMC10534279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a stress-induced cytokine. Under normal circumstances, the expression of GDF15 is low in most tissues. It is highly expressed during tissue injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer. GDF15 has been established as a biomarker in patients with cancer, and is associated with cancer cachexia (CC) and poor survival. CC is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by severe muscle and adipose tissue atrophy, loss of appetite, anemia and bone loss. Cachexia leads to reductions in quality of life and tolerance to anticancer therapy, and results in a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Dysregulated GDF15 levels have been discovered in patients with CC and animal models, where they have been found to be involved in anorexia and weight loss. Although studies have suggested that GDF15 mediates anorexia and weight loss in CC through its neuroreceptor, glial cell-lineage neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like, the effects of GDF15 on CC and the potential regulatory mechanisms require further elucidation. In the present review, the characteristics of GDF15 and its roles and molecular mechanisms in CC are elaborated. The targeting of GDF15 as a potential therapeutic strategy for CC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ling
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Fuwan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Ma
- Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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14
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Jia P, Wu X, Shen F, Xu G, Xu H, Cong M, Song C, Shi H. Nutritional status and its correlation to prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in different ages in China: a multicenter cohort study. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:638. [PMID: 37847417 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients usually presented malnutrition under chemoradiotherapy (CRT)/radiotherapy (RT). Few studies stratified by age to investigate the association of nutritional status with overall survival (OS) in NPC patients. This study aimed to explore the nutritional parameters related prognosis of NPC patients in different age. The total 1365 NPC patients were classified into young (18~45), middle-aged (46~60), and old groups (> 60). PG-SGA scores, NRS-2002 scores, Karnofsky performance status scores, anthropometric, and blood indicators (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and total lymphocyte) were assessed. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between risk factors of nutritional status and the overall survival in different age group of NPC patients. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to estimate the effect of nutritional indexes on prognosis. The abnormal rate of albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, hand grip strength, and calf circumference increased with age. The malnutrition occurred in all age group and low calf circumference (HR, 4.427, 1.167-16.791) was an independent death risk in young adults. Distant metastasis (HR, 4.754, 2.737-8.260), low albumin (HR, 3.530, 1.708-7.296), hand grip strength (HR, 1.901, 1.160-3.115), and the nutritional intervention requirement (NRS-2002 ≥ 3) (HR, 2.802, 1.211-6.483) was significantly correlated with poor OS in NPC patients with middled age adults. Distant metastasis (HR, 2.546, 1.497-4.330), low albumin (HR, 1.824, 0.949-3.507), low hemoglobin (HR, 1.757, 1.015-3.044), low hand grip strength (HR, 1.771, 1.112-2.818), and low calf circumference (HR, 1.951, 1.074-3.545) were associated with increased risk of death in the elderly. KM analysis indicated that over 60 years, distant metastasis, low albumin, low hand grip strength, low calf circumference, and malnutritional risk (NRS-2002 ≥ 3) were correlated to prognosis of NPC patients. Low calf circumference could be a prognosis not only in elderly but also in young adults of NPC patients, whereas low albumin and distant metastasis were the prognostic factors in middle-aged and elderly patients. Patients aged over 60 years exhibited poorer OS compared with young and middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition / Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition / Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqi Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition / Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhong Xu
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Minghua Cong
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center or Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition / Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.
- State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
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15
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McDonald J, Sayers J, Anker SD, Arends J, Balstad TR, Baracos V, Brown L, Bye A, Dajani O, Dolan R, Fallon MT, Fraser E, Griel C, Grzyb A, Hjermstad M, Jamal‐Hanjani M, Jakobsen G, Kaasa S, McMillan D, Maddocks M, Philips I, Ottestad IO, Reid KF, Sousa MS, Simpson MR, Vagnildhaug OM, Skipworth RJE, Solheim TS, Laird BJA. Physical function endpoints in cancer cachexia clinical trials: Systematic Review 1 of the cachexia endpoints series. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1932-1948. [PMID: 37671529 PMCID: PMC10570071 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer cachexia trials, measures of physical function are commonly used as endpoints. For drug trials to obtain regulatory approval, efficacy in physical function endpoints may be needed alongside other measures. However, it is not clear which physical function endpoints should be used. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the frequency and diversity of physical function endpoints in cancer cachexia trials. Following a comprehensive electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane (1990-2021), records were retrieved. Eligible trials met the following criteria: adults (≥18 years), controlled design, more than 40 participants, use of a cachexia intervention for more than 14 days and use of a physical function endpoint. Physical function measures were classified as an objective measure (hand grip strength [HGS], stair climb power [SCP], timed up and go [TUG] test, 6-min walking test [6MWT] and short physical performance battery [SPPB]), clinician assessment of function (Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS] or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status [ECOG-PS]) or patient-reported outcomes (physical function subscale of the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires [EORTC QLQ-C30 or C15]). Data extraction was performed using Covidence and followed PRISMA guidance (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022276710). A total of 5975 potential studies were examined and 71 were eligible. Pharmacological interventions were assessed in 38 trials (54%). Of these, 11 (29%, n = 1184) examined megestrol and 5 (13%, n = 1928) examined anamorelin; nutritional interventions were assessed in 21 trials (30%); and exercise-based interventions were assessed in 6 trials (8%). The remaining six trials (8%) assessed multimodal interventions. Among the objective measures of physical function (assessed as primary or secondary endpoints), HGS was most commonly examined (33 trials, n = 5081) and demonstrated a statistically significant finding in 12 (36%) trials (n = 2091). The 6MWT was assessed in 12 trials (n = 1074) and was statistically significant in 4 (33%) trials (n = 403), whereas SCP, TUG and SPPB were each assessed in 3 trials. KPS was more commonly assessed than the newer ECOG-PS (16 vs. 9 trials), and patient-reported EORTC QLQ-C30 physical function was reported in 25 trials. HGS is the most commonly used physical function endpoint in cancer cachexia clinical trials. However, heterogeneity in study design, populations, intervention and endpoint selection make it difficult to comment on the optimal endpoint and how to measure this. We offer several recommendations/considerations to improve the design of future clinical trials in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McDonald
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- St Columba's HospiceEdinburghUK
| | - Judith Sayers
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- St Columba's HospiceEdinburghUK
- Clinical SurgeryUniversity of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site BerlinCharité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
- Institute of Heart DiseasesWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site BerlinCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jann Arends
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Trude Rakel Balstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNTNU–Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Research GroupUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Vickie Baracos
- Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Leo Brown
- Clinical SurgeryUniversity of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Asta Bye
- Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital/European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), and Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health SciencesOslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Olav Dajani
- Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital/European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), and Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ross Dolan
- Academic Unit of SurgeryUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - Marie T. Fallon
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Eilidh Fraser
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Christine Griel
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Aleksandra Grzyb
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marianne Hjermstad
- Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital/European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), and Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Mariam Jamal‐Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of ExcellenceUniversity College London Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Cancer Metastasis LaboratoryUniversity College London Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of OncologyUniversity College London HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Gunnhild Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Stein Kaasa
- Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital/European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), and Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Donald McMillan
- Academic Unit of SurgeryUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | - Matthew Maddocks
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and RehabilitationKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Iain Philips
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Inger O. Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway and The Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, Section of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolOslo University HospitalNorway
| | - Kieran F. Reid
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physical Performance, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Mariana S. Sousa
- Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation (IMPACCT)University of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Melanie R. Simpson
- Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Ola Magne Vagnildhaug
- Cancer ClinicSt Olavs Hospital – Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Tora S. Solheim
- Cancer ClinicSt Olavs Hospital – Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Barry J. A. Laird
- Edinburgh Cancer Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- St Columba's HospiceEdinburghUK
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16
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Duffy T, Kochanczyk M. Practical cancer cachexia management in palliative care - a review of current evidence. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2023; 17:177-185. [PMID: 37384429 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore the current evidence relating to the practical management of cancer cachexia in palliative care. RECENT FINDINGS The authors found a growing evidence base including the publication of several expert guidelines since 2020. Guidelines identified the need for individualised nutritional and physical exercise support as the mainstay of cachexia management. Dietician and allied health professional referrals are recommended for the best patient outcomes. Limitations of nutritional support and exercise are acknowledged. Patient outcomes from multimodal anti-cachexia therapy are awaited at this time. Communication about the mechanisms of cachexia and nutritional counselling are identified as ways to reduce distress. Evidence supporting the use of pharmacological agents remains insufficient to make recommendations. Corticosteroids and progestins may be offered for symptom relief in refractory cachexia, taking into consideration well-documented side effects. Emphasis is placed on adequately managing nutritional impact symptoms. A specific role for palliative care clinicians and the use of existing palliative care guidelines in managing cancer cachexia were not identified. SUMMARY Current evidence recognises the inherently palliative nature of cancer cachexia management, and practical guidance correlates with the tenets of palliative care. Individualised approaches to support nutritional intake, physical exercise and alleviate symptoms that accelerate cachexia processes are currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Duffy
- St Columba's Hospice Care, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Hadzibegovic S, Porthun J, Lena A, Weinländer P, Lück LC, Potthoff SK, Rösnick L, Fröhlich AK, Ramer LV, Sonntag F, Wilkenshoff U, Ahn J, Keller U, Bullinger L, Mahabadi AA, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, von Haehling S, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Roeland EJ, Landmesser U, Anker MS. Hand grip strength in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37318103 PMCID: PMC10401539 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand grip strength (HGS) is a widely used functional test for the assessment of strength and functional status in patients with cancer, in particular with cancer cachexia. The aim was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic value of HGS in patients with mostly advanced cancer with and without cachexia and to establish reference values for a European-based population. METHODS In this prospective study, 333 patients with cancer (85% stage III/IV) and 65 healthy controls of similar age and sex were enrolled. None of the study participants had significant cardiovascular disease or active infection at baseline. Repetitive HGS assessment was performed using a hand dynamometer to measure the maximal HGS (kilograms). Presence of cancer cachexia was defined when patients had ≥5% weight loss within 6 months or when body mass index was <20.0 kg/m2 with ≥2% weight loss (Fearon's criteria). Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to assess the relationship of maximal HGS to all-cause mortality and to determine cut-offs for HGS with the best predictive power. We also assessed associations with additional relevant clinical and functional outcome measures at baseline, including anthropometric measures, physical function (Karnofsky Performance Status and Eastern Cooperative of Oncology Group), physical activity (4-m gait speed test and 6-min walk test), patient-reported outcomes (EQ-5D-5L and Visual Analogue Scale appetite/pain) and nutrition status (Mini Nutritional Assessment). RESULTS The mean age was 60 ± 14 years; 163 (51%) were female, and 148 (44%) had cachexia at baseline. Patients with cancer showed 18% lower HGS than healthy controls (31.2 ± 11.9 vs. 37.9 ± 11.6 kg, P < 0.001). Patients with cancer cachexia had 16% lower HGS than those without cachexia (28.3 ± 10.1 vs. 33.6 ± 12.3 kg, P < 0.001). Patients with cancer were followed for a mean of 17 months (range 6-50), and 182 (55%) patients died during follow-up (2-year mortality rate 53%) (95% confidence interval 48-59%). Reduced maximal HGS was associated with increased mortality (per -5 kg; hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 1.10-1.28; P < 0.0001; independently of age, sex, cancer stage, cancer entity and presence of cachexia). HGS was also a predictor of mortality in patients with cachexia (per -5 kg; HR 1.20; 1.08-1.33; P = 0.001) and without cachexia (per -5 kg; HR 1.18; 1.04-1.34; P = 0.010). The cut-off for maximal HGS with the best predictive power for poor survival was <25.1 kg for females (sensitivity 54%, specificity 63%) and <40.2 kg for males (sensitivity 69%, specificity 68%). CONCLUSIONS Reduced maximal HGS was associated with higher all-cause mortality, reduced overall functional status and decreased physical performance in patients with mostly advanced cancer. Similar results were found for patients with and without cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadzibegovic
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care CBF, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Porthun
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Campus Gjøvik, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Alessia Lena
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care CBF, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Weinländer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura C Lück
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia K Potthoff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Rösnick
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Fröhlich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Valentina Ramer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederike Sonntag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CVK, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Wilkenshoff
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care CBF, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité Berlin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Ahn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir A Mahabadi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric J Roeland
- Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care CBF, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité Berlin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus S Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care CBF, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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18
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Springer J, Jové Q, de Lima Junior EA, Ladrón NÁ, López-Soriano FJ, Busquets S, Argiles JM, Marks DL. Effects of S-pindolol in mouse pancreatic and lung cancer cachexia models. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37130578 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that S-pindolol attenuates muscle loss in animal models of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. In cancer cachexia, it also significantly reduced mortality and improved cardiac function, which is strongly compromised in cachectic animals. METHODS Here, we tested 3 mg/kg/day of S-pindolol in two murine cancer cachexia models: pancreatic cancer cachexia (KPC) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). RESULTS Treatment of mice with 3 mg/kg/day of S-pindolol in KPC or LLC cancer cachexia models significantly attenuated the loss of body weight, including lean mass and muscle weights, leading to improved grip strength compared with placebo-treated mice. In the KPC model, treated mice lost less than half of the total weight lost by placebo (-0.9 ± 1.0 vs. -2.2 ± 1.4 g for S-pindolol and placebo, respectively, P < 0.05) and around a third of the lean mass lost by tumour-bearing controls (-0.4 ± 1.0 vs. -1.5 ± 1.5 g for S-pindolol and placebo, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas loss of fat mass was similar. In the LLC model, the gastrocnemius weight was higher in sham (108 ± 16 mg) and S-pindolol tumour-bearing (94 ± 15 mg) mice than that in placebo (83 ± 12 mg), whereas the soleus weight was only significantly higher in the S-pindolol-treated group (7.9 ± 1.7 mg) than that in placebo (6.5 ± 0.9). Grip strength was significantly improved by S-pindolol treatment (110.8 ± 16.2 vs. 93.9 ± 17.1 g for S-pindolol and placebo, respectively). A higher grip strength was observed in all groups; whereas S-pindolol-treated mice improved by 32.7 ± 18.5 g, tumour-bearing mice only show minimal improvements (7.3 ± 19.4 g, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS S-pindolol is an important candidate for clinical development in the treatment of cancer cachexia that strongly attenuates loss of body weight and lean body mass. This was also seen in the weight of individual muscles and resulted in higher grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Queralt Jové
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Álvarez Ladrón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Soriano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argiles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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19
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Xie H, Ruan G, Wei L, Zhang H, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Lin S, Song M, Zhang X, Liu X, Li X, Zhang K, Yang M, Tang M, Song CH, Gan J, Shi HP. Hand grip strength-based cachexia index as a predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:382-390. [PMID: 36447437 PMCID: PMC9891920 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cachexia index is a useful predictor for cancer cachexia and prognostic assessment. However, its use is limited because of high testing costs and complicated testing procedures. Thus, in this study, we aimed to develop a hand grip strength (HGS)-based cancer cachexia index (H-CXI) as a potential predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. METHODS Here, 14 682 patients with cancer were studied, including the discovery (6592), internal validation (2820) and external validation (5270) cohorts. The H-CXI was calculated as [HGS (kg)/height (m)2 × serum albumin (g/L)]/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to create survival curves, and the log-rank test was used to compare time-event relationships between groups. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine independent risk factors for overall survival (OS). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of the H-CXI with short-term outcomes and cancer cachexia. RESULTS There was a significant non-linear relationship between the H-CXI and OS in all cohorts. Patients with a low H-CXI had significantly lower OS than those with a high H-CXI in the discovery cohort (6-year survival percentage: 55.72% vs. 76.70%, log-rank P < 0.001), internal validation cohort (6-year survival percentage: 55.81% vs. 76.70%, log-rank P < 0.001), external validation cohort (6-year survival percentage: 56.05% vs. 75.48%, log-rank P < 0.001) and total cohort (6-year survival percentage: 55.86% vs. 76.27%, log-rank P < 0.001). Notably, the prognostic stratification effect of the H-CXI in patients with advanced-stage disease was more significant than that in patients with early-stage disease. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model confirmed that a low H-CXI negatively affected the prognosis of patients with cancer in the discovery cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.80, P < 0.001], internal validation cohort (HR 0.79, 95 %CI 0.72-0.86, P < 0.001), external validation cohort (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89, P < 0.001) and total cohort (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77-0.83, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that a low H-CXI was an independent risk factor predicting adverse short-term outcomes and cancer cachexia in patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS The simple and practical H-CXI is a promising predictor for cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Guotian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Lishuang Wei
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Disease Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Kangping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Gan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
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20
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[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and cancer cachexia]. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:40-46. [PMID: 36546331 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is a frequent comorbidity in cancer patients, since they share common risk factors. In cancer, the concurrence of cachexia represents a poor prognostic factor, which is aggravated by poor nutritional status. Clinically, cancer cachexia manifests as a significant reduction in body weight, accompanied by changes in body composition and alterations in the balance of the biological system, and causes progressive dysfunction. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with cancer cachexia.
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21
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Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference or Body Weight-Standardized Hand Grip Strength in the GLIM Superiorly Predicts Survival in Chinese Colorectal Cancer Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235166. [PMID: 36501196 PMCID: PMC9739446 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to identify the optimal method to assess reduced muscle mass (RMM) using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach and investigate the roles of the GLIM approach in nutrition assessment and survival prediction in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. During a median follow-up period of 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) years, a development cohort of 3612 CRC patients with a mean age of 64.09 ± 12.45 years was observed, as well as an external validation cohort of 875 CRC patients. Kaplan−Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were adopted to analyze the association between GLIM-diagnosed malnutrition and the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. A nomogram predicting individualized survival was constructed based on independent prognostic predictors. The concordance index, calibration curve, and decision curve were applied to appraise the discrimination, accuracy, and clinical efficacy of the nomogram, respectively. Patients diagnosed with severe malnutrition based on either the mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) or body weight-standardized hand grip strength (HGS/W) method had the highest mortality hazard ratio (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34−1.70; p < 0.001). GLIM-defined malnutrition was diagnosed in 47.6% of patients. Severe malnutrition was an independent mortality risk factor for OS (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10−1.42; p < 0.001). The GLIM nomogram showed good performance in predicting the survival of CRC patients and was clinically beneficial. Our findings support the effectiveness of GLIM in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting OS in CRC patients.
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22
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Association of Systemic Inflammation and Low Performance Status with Reduced Survival Outcome in Older Adults with Cancer. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2284-2294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Comparison of absolute and relative handgrip strength to predict cancer prognosis: A prospective multicenter cohort study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1636-1643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Inflammatory burden as a prognostic biomarker for cancer. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1236-1243. [PMID: 35504166 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Systemic inflammation is the most representative host-tumor interaction in cancer. This study aimed to develop a novel inflammatory burden index (IBI) to assess the inflammatory burden of different cancers and predict the prognosis of patients with cancer. METHODS A total of 6359 cancer patients admitted to multiple centers from 2012 through 2019 were included in this study. The IBI was formulated as C-reaction protein × neutrophil/lymphocyte. Survival differences between the groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the inflammatory burden index and outcomes. RESULTS Cancers assessed by the IBI could be classified as high, moderate, or low inflammatory burden and had different prognostic stratification effects (46.5% vs 61.0% vs 83.0%; P < .001). Compared with other systemic inflammation biomarkers, the IBI had the highest accuracy in predicting survival. Patients with a high IBI had significantly lower survival rates than those with a low IBI (45.7% vs 69.1%; P < .001). For every standard deviation increase in the IBI, the risk of poor prognosis for patients with cancer increased by 10.3% (HR, 1.103; 95% CI, 1.072-1.136; P < .001). The IBI could be used as a useful prognostic supplement in the pathological stage. A high IBI was an independent high-risk factor that affected patient's physical condition, malnutrition, cachexia, and short-term outcomes and an independent risk factor for patients with cancer in both validation cohorts a (hazard ratio, 1.114; 95% confidence interval, 1.072-1.157; P < .001) and b (hazard ratio, 1.125; 95% confidence interval, 1.060-1.193; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The IBI, as a novel indicator of systemic inflammation, is a feasible and promising predictive biomarker in patients with cancer and can be used to assess the inflammatory burden of different cancers.
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25
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Xie H, Ruan G, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Ge Y, Song M, Zhang X, Lin S, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li X, Zhang K, Yang M, Tang M, Li Z, Shi H. Association of Modified Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and Handgrip Strength With Survival in Cancer: A Multi-Centre Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:850138. [PMID: 35433784 PMCID: PMC9012584 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the value of combining the modified geriatric nutrition risk index (mGNRI) and handgrip strength (HGS) in the prognosis assessment of cancer. Methods This multicenter, prospective cohort study, enrolled 5,607 cancer patients from 27 medical centers across 17 provinces in China between June 2012 and December 2019. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score, cachexia, and admission 90-day outcome. A composite prognostic score (mGNRI-HGS score) was developed based on the mGNRI and HGS. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and log-rank analysis was used to estimate the survival rate. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the associations of the mGNRI, HGS or mGNRI-HGS score with risk of mortality among the cancer patients, adjusted for potential confounders. Results A low mGNRI (HR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.98–0.99, p < 0.001) and low HGS (HR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.98–0.99, p = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of mortality. A severe mGNRI-HGS score was independently associated with reduced survival. Compared with patients with normal scores, the risk of mortality among the patients with moderate and severe mGNRI-HGS scores was 28.8 and 13.3% higher, respectively. Even within the same pathological stage, it presented significant gradient prognostic stratification. Additionally, a low mGNRI-HGS score was also independently associated with a higher risk of low KPS (p < 0.001), high PGSGA (p < 0.001), cachexia (p < 0.001), and adverse admission 90-day outcome (p < 0.001). Conclusions The mGNRI and HGS may be useful predictors of long-term prognosis in cancer patients. The combination of the two methods provides effective prognostic stratification for cancer patients and could predict physical frailty, malnutrition, and cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Guotian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Kangping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hanping Shi
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Fram J, Vail C, Roy I. Assessment of Cancer-Associated Cachexia - How to Approach Physical Function Evaluation. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:751-761. [PMID: 35305209 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cachexia is a devastating syndrome that impacts a majority of cancer patients. Early assessment of cachexia is critical to implementing cachexia treatments. Our aim was to summarize the existing cachexia assessment tools for their utility in both symptom and function evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS Several tools now exist that provide a symptom-based approach for evaluating weight change, appetite, and nutrition impact symptoms in cancer patients with cachexia. However, current instruments used to assess physical function changes related to cachexia are limited in depth and breadth. Instead, we recommend a tiered approach to cachexia-related functional assessment that involves evaluation of activities of daily living, general mobility, and exercise tolerance in a prioritized sequence. Current tools for cancer-associated cachexia assessment are adept at symptom evaluation. New approaches to physical function evaluation are needed that efficiently and broadly evaluate the diverse functional needs of cachexia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fram
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 26th floor, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Dr #1022, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Caroline Vail
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 26th floor, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Dr #1022, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ishan Roy
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 26th floor, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lake Shore Dr #1022, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, 675 N St Clair St Fl 21 Ste 100, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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27
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Ruan GT, Xie HL, Zhang HY, Liu CA, Ge YZ, Zhang Q, Wang ZW, Zhang X, Tang M, Song MM, Zhang XW, Yang M, Chen YB, Yu KY, Deng L, Gong YZ, Hu W, Wang KH, Cong MH, Shi HP. A Novel Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Related Indicator to Predict the Survival of Patients With Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:905266. [PMID: 35795140 PMCID: PMC9252441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.905266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related in patients with cancer. However, there is no relevant indicator that combines inflammation and IR to predict patient prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a novel inflammation- and IR-related marker in patients with cancer. METHODS The total cohort of this study included 5221 patients with cancer, and the training and validation cohorts were randomized in a 7:3 ratio. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting triglyceride glucose (TyG) were used to reflect patients' inflammation and IR status, respectively. The CRP-TyG index (CTI) was composed of CRP and TyG. The concordance (C)-index, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration curve reflected the prognostic predictive power of CTI. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses predicted the prognostic value of CTI in patients with cancer. RESULTS The C-indices of CTI in patients with cancer were 0.636, 0.617, and 0.631 in the total, training, and validation cohorts, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC and calibration curves showed that CTI had a good predictive ability of survival in patients with cancer. Meanwhile, patients with high CTI had a worse prognosis compared to patients with low CTI (total cohort: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.33-1.59; training cohort: HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.22-1.52; validation cohort: HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.47-2.04]. CONCLUSION The CTI is a useful prognostic indicator of poor prognosis and a promising tool for treatment strategy decision-making in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-An Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Ying Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Han-Ping Shi, ; Kun-Hua Wang, ; Ming-Hua Cong,
| | - Ming-Hua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Han-Ping Shi, ; Kun-Hua Wang, ; Ming-Hua Cong,
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Han-Ping Shi, ; Kun-Hua Wang, ; Ming-Hua Cong,
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28
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Kondo S, Kagawa K, Saito T, Oura M, Sogabe K, Harada T, Fujii S, Nakamura S, Miki H, Sato N, Ono R, Abe M, Katoh S. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation-clinical outcomes: impact of leg muscle strength. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021:bmjspcare-2021-003256. [PMID: 34949601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle strength decline is reported to predict mortality in many cancers. However, there is little knowledge of the relation between muscle strength decline and clinical outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study aimed to determine the impact of pre-transplant lower extremity muscle strength (LEMS) on post-transplant overall survival (OS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 97 adult patients underwent allo-HSCT during 2012-2020. LEMS was defined as knee extension force divided by patient's body weight. The patients were divided into low and high LEMS groups based on pre-transplant LEMS. OS was measured using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. The cumulative incidence of NRM was evaluated using the Fine and Gray method, with relapse considered as a competing risk event. RESULTS Probability of OS was significantly lower in the low LEMS groups (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.12, p=0.014) than in the high LEMS group on multivariate analysis. Five-year OS was 25.8% and 66.4% in the low and high LEMS groups, respectively. Risk of NRM was significantly higher in the low LEMS group (HR 4.49, 95% CI 1.28 to 15.68, p=0.019) than in the high LEMS group. The cumulative incidence of NRM was 41.4% and 11.1% in the low and high LEMS groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pre-transplant LEMS was a significant factor in predicting OS and NRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kondo
- Division of Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nori Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Katoh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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