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Sharma AK, Singh SP. Effect of amino acids on the repression of alkaline protease synthesis in haloalkaliphilic Nocardiopsis dassonvillei. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 12:40-51. [PMID: 28352553 PMCID: PMC5361074 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18 grows on mineral salts medium with glucose as carbon source. It also grows and produces protease with amino acids as sole carbon source. The synthesis of extracellular alkaline protease parallel to growth was repressible by substrate concentrations. The absolute production of the protease was delinked with growth under nutritional stress, as protease production was high, despite poor growth. When amino acids served as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, the enzyme production was significantly controlled by the number of amino acids. Maximal protease production was achieved with proline, asparagine, tyrosine, alanine, methionine and valine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen in minimal medium. With the increasing number of different amino acids in the presence and absence of glucose, the protease production was synergistically lower as compared to complex medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satya P. Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005 Gujarat, India
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2
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Thumar JT, Singh SP. Repression of alkaline protease in salt-tolerant alkaliphilic Streptomyces clavuligerus strain Mit-1 under the influence of amino acids in minimal medium. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Hyperthermostable, Ca(2+)-independent, and high maltose-forming alpha-amylase production by an extreme thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans: whole cell immobilization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 159:464-77. [PMID: 19280125 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of extracellular alpha-amylase in Geobacillus thermoleovorans was constitutive. The enzyme was secreted in metabolizable carbon sources as well as non-metabolizable synthetic analogues of glucose, but the titers were higher in the former than that in the latter. G. thermoleovorans is a fast-growing facultatively anaerobic bacterium that grows under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and produces an extracellular amylolytic enzyme alpha-amylase with the by-product of lactic acid. G. thermoleovorans is a rich source of various novel thermostable biocatalysts for different industrial applications. alpha-Amylase synthesis was subject to catabolite repression in the presence of high concentrations of glucose. The addition of cAMP to the medium containing glucose did not result in the repression of alpha-amylase synthesis. The addition of maltose (1%) to the starch arginine medium resulted in a twofold enhancement in enzyme titers. Polyurethane foam (PUF)-immobilized cells secreted alpha-amylase, which was higher than that with the free cells. PUF appeared to be a better matrix for immobilization of the thermophilic bacterium than the other commonly used matrices. The repeated use of PUF-immobilized cells was possible over 15 cycles with a sustained alpha-amylase secretion. The use of this enzyme in starch saccharification eliminates the addition of Ca(2+) in starch liquefaction and its subsequent removal by ion exchangers from the product streams.
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6
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Margaritis A, Merchant RFJ, Yaguchi M. Thermostable Cellulases from Thermophilic Microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558609150799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Markkanen P, Reinwall A, Linko M. Increase of β-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis by use of starch feeding during fermentor cultivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5020260108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Nandakumar MP, Thakur MS, Raghavarao KSMS, Ghildyal NP. Studies on catabolite repression in solid state fermentation for biosynthesis of fungal amylases. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.1999.00652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Park YI, Buszko ML, Gander JE. Utilization of phosphocholine from extracellular complex polysaccharide as a source of cytoplasmic choline derivatives in Penicillium fellutanum. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:1186-92. [PMID: 9023201 PMCID: PMC178815 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.4.1186-1192.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium fellutanum produces a phosphorylated, choline-containing extracellular polysaccharide, peptidophosphogalactomannan (pP(x)GM) [where x is the number of phosphodiester residues]). The 13C-methyl-labeled pP(x)GM ([methyl-13C]pP(x)GM) was prepared from the cultures supplemented with L-[methyl-13C]methionine and was used as a probe to monitor the fate of phosphocholine in this polymer. The addition of [methyl-13C]pP(x)GM to growing cultures in low-phosphate medium resulted in the disappearance within 5 days of [methyl-13C]phosphocholine and N,N'-dimethylphosphoethanolamine from the added [methyl-13C]pP(x)GM. Two 13C-methyl-enriched cytoplasmic solutes, choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine, were found in mycelial extracts, suggesting that phosphocholine-containing extracellular pP(x)GM of P. fellutanum is a precursor of intracellular choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine. The mycelia cultured in low-phosphate (2 mM) medium contained glycine betaine and 1.5-fold more choline-O-sulfate than those grown in high-phosphate (20 mM) medium. The high levels of extracellular nonspecific phosphocholine:phosphocholine hydrolase and acid phosphomonoesterase observed in the low-phosphate culture medium are likely related to the release of phosphocholine from pP(x)GM and hydrolysis of phosphocholine, respectively. These results suggest that extracellular pP(x)GM of P. fellutanum provides phosphate needed as the environment becomes depleted of this nutrient. Choline, in excess of that needed immediately, is stored in the cytoplasm in forms that can be reutilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Park
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0700, USA
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10
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Angelova MB, Genova LK, Slokoska LS, Pashova SB. Effect of glucose on the superoxide dismutase production in fungal strain Humicola lutea. Can J Microbiol 1995; 41:978-83. [PMID: 7497355 DOI: 10.1139/m95-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of glucose on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity produced in Humicola lutea 110 was determined. The relatively high glucose concentration in the medium did not repress SOD levels in the cells. Glycerol, a nonfermentable carbon source, caused a slight stimulation of SOD synthesis. Furthermore, the specific rates of enzyme production in the medium with different glucose concentration showed an insignificant difference. Cyclic AMP had no effect on SOD levels. The shift in metabolism as glucose was depleted resulted in an increase in the rate of synthesis of both isocitric dehydrogenase and SOD. Pentachlorophenol and paraquat, which cause the production of superoxide radicals, caused an increase in SOD activity. These results led us to conclude that it is superoxide ion rather than glucose that is controlling SOD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Angelova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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11
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Lekha P, Lonsane B. Comparative titres, location and properties of tannin acyl hydrolase produced by Aspergillus niger PKL 104 in solid-state, liquid surface an submerged fermentations. Process Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)85019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Laan H, Bolhuis H, Poolman B, Abee T, Konings WN. Regulation of proteinase synthesis inLactococcus lactis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Bahr K, Schügerl K. Recovery of yeast from cultivation medium by continuous flotation and its dependence on cultivation conditions. Chem Eng Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(92)80195-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Salt SD, Gander J. Peptidophosphogalactomannans fromPenicillium charlesii: Effects of culture pH and phosphate limitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(88)90039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rouwenhorst RJ, Visser LE, Van Der Baan AA, Scheffers WA, Van Dijken JP. Production, Distribution, and Kinetic Properties of Inulinase in Continuous Cultures of
Kluyveromyces marxianus
CBS 6556. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:1131-7. [PMID: 16347626 PMCID: PMC202616 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.5.1131-1137.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From a screening of several
Kluyveromyces
strains, the yeast
Kluyveromyces marxianus
CBS 6556 was selected for a study of the parameters relevant to the commercial production of inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7). This yeast exhibited superior properties with respect to growth at elevated temperatures (40 to 45°C), substrate specificity, and inulinase production. In sucrose-limited chemostat cultures growing on mineral medium, the amount of enzyme decreased from 52 U mg of cell dry weight
−1
at
D
= 0.1 h
−1
to 2 U mg of cell dry weight
−1
at
D
= 0.8 h
−1
. Experiments with nitrogen-limited cultures further confirmed that synthesis of the enzyme is negatively controlled by the residual sugar concentration in the culture. High enzyme activities were observed during growth on nonsugar substrates, indicating that synthesis of the enzyme is a result of a derepression/repression mechanism. A substantial part of the inulinase produced by
K. marxianus
was associated with the cell wall. The enzyme could be released from the cell wall via a simple chemical treatment of cells. Results are presented on the effect of cultivation conditions on the distribution of the enzyme. Inulinase was active with sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, and inulin as substrates and exhibited an S/I ratio (relative activities with sucrose and inulin) of 15 under standard assay conditions. The enzyme activity decreased with increasing chain length of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Rouwenhorst
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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17
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Vitolo M, Vairo MLR, Borzani W. Invertase activity of intact cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae growing on sugar cane molasses. I. Steady-state continuous culture tests. Biotechnol Bioeng 1985; 27:1229-35. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260270819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Ikotun T. Cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by Penicillium oxalicum Curie et Thom. Mycopathologia 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00439289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Nanda M, Bisaria VS, Ghose TK. Localization and release mechanism of cellulases in Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. Biotechnol Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00141976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Tempest D, Wouters J. Properties and performance of microorganisms in chemostat culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(81)90001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Engels W, Kamps MA, van Boven CP. Continuous culture studies on the production of staphylocoagulase by Staphylococcus aureus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1980; 46:533-50. [PMID: 6786215 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The production of staphylocoagulase was studied with continuous cultures of various S. aureus strains in a simple salts medium supplemented with mannitol, casein hydrolysate and three vitamins. Conditions of low oxygen availability and magnesium-limitation were required for optimal steady-state staphylocoagulase production. It was demonstrated that the specific rate of staphylocoagulase production was dependent on the growth rate. In two bovine strains, the production rate pattern was similar to that of an inducible enzyme sensitive to catabolite repression, although no specific inductor suppressor could be demonstrated. The human strain, on the other hand, produced staphylocoagulase constitutively. In all strains the specific rate of production of total extracellular protein was strictly proportional to the growth rate. The bovine strains produced 6 times more staphylocoagulase in chemostat culture as compared with batch cultures of the same organisms. It is likely that mannitol functioned as an energy source rather than as a carbon source because it was converted for a major part to acetate and for a minor part to lactate and not to new cell material. Repression and staphylocoagulase production by mannitol, acetate or lactate was not observed. The probable nature of the regulating mechanism(s) underlying staphylocoagulase production is discussed.
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22
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Brown MJ, Lester JN. Comparison of Bacterial Extracellular Polymer Extraction Methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 1980; 40:179-85. [PMID: 16345600 PMCID: PMC291550 DOI: 10.1128/aem.40.2.179-185.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five different bacterial extracellular polymer extraction methods and a combination of two of these methods were compared on cultures of activated sludge, synthetic activated sludge, and
Klebsiella aerogenes
. High-speed centrifugation was the most effective extraction method for the
K. aerogenes
culture, based on the comparatively small amount of cell disruption and the relatively high extracellular polymer yield. Steaming treatment was the most effective extraction method for the activated sludges, since it released a significant quantity of extracellular polymers from the flocs and caused less cellular disruption than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hydroxide treatments. Sodium hydroxide treatment caused extensive disruption in all cultures. Ultrasonication released low concentrations of extracellular polymers from all cultures. However, it caused no significant cell disruption and therefore may be useful as a preliminary treatment in conjunction with another extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Brown
- Public Health Engineering Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7, England
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23
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Cooper R, Rankin B, Wood R. Cell wall-degrading enzymes of vascular wilt fungi. II. Properties and modes of action of polysaccharidases of Verticillium albo-atrum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(78)90079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Wiersma M, Harder W. A continuous culture study of the regulation of extracellular protease production in Vibrio SA1. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1978; 44:141-55. [PMID: 582093 DOI: 10.1007/bf00643217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During growth of Vibrio SA1 in a lactate-limited chemostate in the presence of 2mM phenylalanine as an inducer, the rate of production of two proteolytic enzymes, namely an endopeptidase and an aminopeptidase, was dependent upon the dilution rate. An optimum in the rate of synthesis of both proteases was observed at a dilution rate of 0.23 h-1 and enzyme production only occurred between dilution rates of 0.06 and 0.45 h-1. Without inducer a low rate of aminopeptidase production was found with an optimum at 0.19 h-1, but only trace amounts of endopeptidase were detectable in the culture. In the presence of inducer the rate of enzyme production increased with increasing dilution rates over the range 0.06 to 0.23 h-1 which was explained by an increase in saturation of inducer sites. The progressive decrease in the rate of protease production at higher dilution rates was ascribed to an increasing effect of catabolite repression by the increasing concentration of the growth substrate. It was shown that 5 mM cyclic AMP could not relieve catabolite repression caused by glucose or lactate. Repression of protease production also occurred in the presence of higher concentrations (5 mM) phenylalanine and other amino acids and by ammonium ions. It is suggested that the energy-status of the cell may play an important role in the regulation of protease synthesis in Vibrio SA1.
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25
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Imanaka T, Aiba S. A kinetic model of catabolite repression in the dual control mechanism in microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 1977; 19:757-64. [PMID: 192359 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260190512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Wouters J, Buysman P. Production of some exocellular enzymes bybacillus licheniformis749/c in chemostat cultures. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1977.tb00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Meulen HJ, Harder W. The regulation of agarase production by resting cells of Cytophaga flevenis. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1976; 42:277-86. [PMID: 10834 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of the synthesis of extracellular agarase by Cytophaga flevensis was studied in resting-cell suspensions. Enzyme synthesis was strictly dependent on the presence of a suitable inducer. Enzyme production was maximal at 20 C in phosphate buffer pH 6.9 in the presence of 1.3 mM calcium chloride, 0.03% casamino acids and inducer. Enzyme production was virtually the same at 15 and 20 C, reduced to 50% at 25 C and was not detectable at 30 C. It was highly stimulated by the presence of 0.03% of casamino acids in the incubation mixture and was also favoured by the presence of 1.3 mM calcium ions. Of a variety of compounds tested, only melibiose or neoagaro-oligosaccharides were effective inducers. Among the neoagaro-oligosaccharides, neoagarotetraose was the best inducer. At higher concentrations of inducer compounds catabolite repression of enzyme synthesis was apparent. This was also found when glucose was added to the incubation mixture. This repression was not relieved by the addition of cyclic AMP. Indications were found that the excretion process was limiting the rate of production of extracellular enzyme
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28
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Van Der Meulen HJ, Harder W. Characterization of the neoagarotetra-ase and neoagarobiase of Cytophaga flevensis. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1976; 42:81-94. [PMID: 8001 DOI: 10.1007/bf00399451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose by Cytophaga flevensis was investigated. The organism possesses an enzyme that hydrolyzes the tetramer by cleavage of its central beta-galactosidic linkage. The product of this reaction, neoagarobiose, is further hydrolyzed enzymatically to D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose. Both enzyme activities were localized in the cytoplasm. Attempts were made to partially purify the respective enzymes and although a 30-40 fold-purification was achieved, the final preparation contained both neoagarotetra-ase and neoagarobiase activities. Evidence was obtained that these activities were due to different enzymes. Neoagarotetra-ase is highly specific for oligosaccharides containing neoagarobiose units; the rate of hydrolysis is greatest with neoagarotetraose. It cannot hydrolyze pyruvated neoagarotetraose. Optimal conditions for its activity were pH 7.0 and 25 C. Neoagarobiase hydrolyzes only neoagarobiose and neoagarobiitol and optimal conditions for activity were pH 6.75 and 25 C. Both enzymes were inhibited by Ag+, Hg2+ and Zn2+ ions and by p-CMB, which indicates that thiol groups are present in their active centres. Both enzymes were induced by neoagaro-oligosaccharides and melibiose and were repressed when glucose was added to the medium. Neoagarobiase was also induced by D-galacturonic acid. In continuous culture, the rate of enzyme production was maximal at a dilution rate of 0.1 h-1.
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29
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Regulation of synthesis of cell wall degrading enzymes by Veticillium albo-atrum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(75)90017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Lilley G, Rowley BI, Bull AT. Exocellular β-1,3 glucanase synthesis by continuous-flow cultures of a thermophilic streptomycete. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5020241109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Daatselaar MC, Harder W. Some aspects of the regulation of the production of extracellular proteolytic enzymes by a marine bacterium. Arch Microbiol 1974; 101:21-34. [PMID: 4474857 DOI: 10.1007/bf00455922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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33
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Whitworth DA, Moo-Young M, Viswanatha T. Hydrocarbon fermentations: Oxidation mechanism and nonionic-surfactant effects in a culture ofCandida lipolytica. Biotechnol Bioeng 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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