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Carvalho SF, Pereiro AB, Araújo JMM. Simultaneous Purification of Human Interferon Alpha-2b and Serum Albumin Using Bioprivileged Fluorinated Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2751. [PMID: 38473998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α2b) is an essential cytokine widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hairy cell leukemia, and serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein with numerous physiological functions. Effective single-step aqueous biphasic system (ABS) extraction for the simultaneous purification of IFN-α2b and BSA (serum albumin protein) was developed in this work. Effects of the ionic liquid (IL)-based ABS functionalization, fluorinated ILs (FILs; [C2C1Im][C4F9SO3] and [N1112(OH)][C4F9SO3]) vs. mere fluoro-containing IL ([C4C1Im][CF3SO3]), in combination with sucrose or [N1112(OH)][H2PO4] (well-known globular protein stabilizers), or high-charge-density salt K3PO4 were investigated. The effects of phase pH, phase water content (%wt), phase composition (%wt), and phase volume ratio were investigated. The phase pH was found to have a significant effect on IFN-α2b and BSA partition. Experimental results show that simultaneous single-step purification was achieved with a high yield (extraction efficiency up to 100%) for both proteins and a purification factor of IFN-α2b high in the enriched IFN-α2b phase (up to 23.22) and low in the BSA-enriched phase (down to 0.00). SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the purity of both recovered proteins. The stability and structure of IFN-α2b and BSA were preserved or even improved (FIL-rich phase) during the purification step, as evaluated by CD spectroscopy and DSC. Binding studies of IFN-α2b and BSA with the ABS phase-forming components were assessed by MST, showing the strong interaction between FILs aggregates and both proteins. In view of their biocompatibility, customizable properties, and selectivity, FIL-based ABSs are suggested as an improved purification step that could facilitate the development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Carvalho
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana B Pereiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João M M Araújo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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2
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Almeida C, Pedro AQ, Tavares APM, Neves MC, Freire MG. Ionic-liquid-based approaches to improve biopharmaceuticals downstream processing and formulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1037436. [PMID: 36824351 PMCID: PMC9941158 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1037436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of biopharmaceuticals, including proteins, nucleic acids, peptides, and vaccines, revolutionized the medical field, contributing to significant advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic and life-threatening diseases. However, biopharmaceuticals manufacturing involves a set of complex upstream and downstream processes, which considerably impact their cost. In particular, despite the efforts made in the last decades to improve the existing technologies, downstream processing still accounts for more than 80% of the total biopharmaceutical production cost. On the other hand, the formulation of biological products must ensure they maintain their therapeutic performance and long-term stability, while preserving their physical and chemical structure. Ionic-liquid (IL)-based approaches arose as a promise alternative, showing the potential to be used in downstream processing to provide increased purity and recovery yield, as well as excipients for the development of stable biopharmaceutical formulations. This manuscript reviews the most important progress achieved in both fields. The work developed is critically discussed and complemented with a SWOT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto Q. Pedro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P. M. Tavares
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia C. Neves
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Vedarethinam V, Jeevanandam J, Acquah C, Danquah MK. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Protein Separation and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:125-159. [PMID: 37646997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are essential for various functions such as brain activity and muscle contraction in humans. Even though food is a source of proteins, the bioavailability of proteins in most foods is usually limited due to matrix interaction with other biomolecules. Thus, it is essential to extract these proteins and provide them as a nutraceutical supplement to maintain protein levels and avoid protein deficiency. Hence, protein purification and extraction from natural sources are highly significant in biomedical applications. Chromatography, crude mechanical disruption, use of extractive chemicals, and electrophoresis are some of the methods applied to isolate specific proteins. Even though these methods possess several advantages, they are unable to extract specific proteins with high purity. A suitable alternative is the use of nanoparticles, which can be beneficial in protein purification and extraction. Notably, magnetic iron and iron-based nanoparticles have been employed in protein extraction processes and can be reused via demagnetization due to their magnetic property, smaller size, morphology, high surface-to-volume ratio, and surface charge-mediated property. This chapter is a summary of various magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that can be used for the biomolecular separation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Caleb Acquah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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Castro LS, Pereira P, Passarinha LA, Freire MG, Pedro AQ. Enhanced performance of polymer-polymer aqueous two-phase systems using ionic liquids as adjuvants towards the purification of recombinant proteins. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Padwal P, Finger C, Fraga-García P, Kaveh-Baghbaderani Y, Schwaminger SP, Berensmeier S. Seeking Innovative Affinity Approaches: A Performance Comparison between Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglomerates and Chromatography Resins for Antibody Recovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39967-39978. [PMID: 32786242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are key molecules in medicine and pharmaceuticals. A potentially crucial drawback for faster advances in research here is their high price due to the extremely expensive antibody purification process, particularly the affinity capture step. Affinity chromatography materials have to demonstrate the high binding capacity and recovery efficiency as well as superior chemical and mechanical stability. Low-cost materials and robust, faster processes would reduce costs and enhance industrial immunoglobulin purification. Therefore, exploring the use of alternative materials is necessary. In this context, we conduct the first comparison of the performance of magnetic nanoparticles with commercially available chromatography resins and magnetic microparticles with regard to immobilizing Protein G ligands and recovering immunoglobulin G (IgG). Simultaneously, we demonstrate the suitability of bare as well as silica-coated and epoxy-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles for this purpose. All materials applied have a similar specific surface area but differ in the nature of their matrix and surface accessibility. The nanoparticles are present as micrometer agglomerates in solution. The highest Protein G density can be observed on the nanoparticles. IgG adsorbs as a multilayer on all materials investigated. However, the recovery of IgG after washing indicates a remaining monolayer, which points to the specificity of the IgG binding to the immobilized Protein G. One important finding is the impact of the ligand-binding stoichiometry (Protein G surface coverage) on IgG recovery, reusability, and the ability to withstand long-term sanitization. Differences in the materials' performances are attributed to mass transfer limitations and steric hindrance. These results demonstrate that nanoparticles represent a promising material for the economical and efficient immobilization of proteins and the affinity purification of antibodies, promoting innovation in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Padwal
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Constanze Finger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Yasmin Kaveh-Baghbaderani
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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Schwaminger SP, Fraga-García P, Eigenfeld M, Becker TM, Berensmeier S. Magnetic Separation in Bioprocessing Beyond the Analytical Scale: From Biotechnology to the Food Industry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:233. [PMID: 31612129 PMCID: PMC6776625 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream processing needs more innovative ideas to advance and overcome current bioprocessing challenges. Chromatography is by far the most prevalent technique used by a conservative industrial sector. Chromatography has many advantages but also often represents the most expensive step in a pharmaceutical production process. Therefore, alternative methods as well as further processing strategies are urgently needed. One promising candidate for new developments on a large scale is magnetic separation, which enables the fast and direct capture of target molecules in fermentation broths. There has been a small revolution in this area in the last 10–20 years and a few papers dealing with the use of magnetic separation in bioprocessing examples beyond the analytical scale have been published. Since each target material is purified with a different magnetic separation approach, the comparison of processes is not trivial but would help to understand and improve magnetic separation and thus making it attractive for the technical scale. To address this issue, we report on the latest achievements in magnetic separation technology and offer an overview of the progress of the capture and separation of biomolecules derived from biotechnology and food technology. Magnetic separation has great potential for high-throughput downstream processing in applied life sciences. At the same time, two major challenges need to be overcome: (1) the development of a platform for suitable and flexible separation devices and (2) additional investigations of advantageous processing conditions, especially during recovery. Concentration and purification factors need to be improved to pave the way for the broader use of magnetic applications. The innovative combination of magnetic gradients and multipurpose separations will set new magnetic-based trends for large scale downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Marco Eigenfeld
- Research Group Beverage and Cereal Biotechnology, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas M Becker
- Research Group Beverage and Cereal Biotechnology, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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7
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Ebeler M, Pilgram F, Wellhöfer T, Frankenfeld K, Franzreb M. First comprehensive view on a magnetic separation based protein purification processes: From process development to cleaning validation of a GMP-ready magnetic separator. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:591-601. [PMID: 32625035 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic separation processes are known as integrated bioanalytical protein purification method since decades and are well described. However, use of magnetic separation processes in a regulated industrial production environment has been prevented by the lack of suitable process equipment and prejudice against the productivity of the process and its qualification for cleaning-in-place operation. With the aim of overcoming this prejudice, a comprehensive process development approach is presented, based on a GMP-compliant magnetic separator, including an optimization of the batch adsorption process, implementation into a technical-scale, and the development and validation of cleaning routines for the device. By the implementation of a two-step counter-current binding process, it was possible to raise the yields of the magnetic separation process even for very low concentrated targets in a vast surplus of competing proteins, like the hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin in serum, from 74% to over 95%. For the validation of the cleaning process, a direct surface swabbing method combined with a total organic carbon analysis was established for the determination of two model contaminants. The cleanability of the process equipment was proven for both model contaminants by reliably meeting the 10 ppm criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ebeler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Florian Pilgram
- Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas Wellhöfer
- fzmb GmbH, Forschungszentrum für Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie Bad Langensalza Germany
| | - Katrin Frankenfeld
- fzmb GmbH, Forschungszentrum für Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie Bad Langensalza Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Schwaminger SP, Fraga-García P, Blank-Shim SA, Straub T, Haslbeck M, Muraca F, Dawson KA, Berensmeier S. Magnetic One-Step Purification of His-Tagged Protein by Bare Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3790-3799. [PMID: 31459591 PMCID: PMC6648446 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic separation is a promising alternative to conventional methods in downstream processing. This can facilitate easier handling, fewer processing steps, and more sustainable processes. Target materials can be extracted directly from crude cell lysates in a single step by magnetic nanoadsorbents with high-gradient magnetic fishing (HGMF). Additionally, the use of hazardous consumables for reducing downstream processing steps can be avoided. Here, we present proof of principle of one-step magnetic fishing from crude Escherichia coli cell lysate of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) with an attached hexahistidine (His6)-tag, which is used as the model target molecule. The focus of this investigation is the upscale to a liter scale magnetic fishing process in which a purity of 91% GFP can be achieved in a single purification step from cleared cell lysate. The binding through the His6-tag can be demonstrated, since no significant binding of nontagged GFP toward bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs) can be observed. Nonfunctionalized BIONs with primary particle diameters of around 12 nm, as used in the process, can be produced with a simple and low-cost coprecipitation synthesis. Thus, HGMF with BIONs might pave the way for a new and greener era of downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P. Schwaminger
- Bioseparation
Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
- Centre
for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D14 YH57, Ireland
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation
Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Silvia A. Blank-Shim
- Bioseparation
Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Tamara Straub
- Bioseparation
Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Bioseparation
Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Francesco Muraca
- Centre
for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D14 YH57, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A. Dawson
- Centre
for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D14 YH57, Ireland
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation
Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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