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Srinivasan S, Srinivaasan M. Dirofilariasis of Breast Mimicking Malignancy - A Rare Entity. J Midlife Health 2023; 14:146-148. [PMID: 38029035 PMCID: PMC10664061 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_109_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dirofilarial infection usually presents as pulmonary coin lesion or as subcutaneous nodule. We report the case of a 60-year-old female presented clinically with swelling in the lower-outer quadrant of the right breast for 2 weeks. Ultrasound reported as atypical lesion suggest fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) correlation and follow-up. Clinical examination - subcutaneous nodule of size 2 cm × 2 cm presents in the lower-outer quadrant. Clinical suspicious of carcinoma was considered and FNAC was done. Aspirated pus-like material and adult worm about 4 cm in length were attached to the needle. Smear was air-dried and stained with Giemsa. Smears were cellular and showed numerous neutrophils, eosinophils, and a few histiocytes in a necrotic background and also noted coiled adult dirofilarial worm. Cellblock was prepared and it showed the cut section of dirofilarial worm with cuticle, muscular layer, intestine, and reproductive tube. We report this case entity due to diagnostic confusion with breast malignancy clinically and radiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Srinivaasan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Danse EM, De Potter P. Encapsulated living worms due to periorbital dirofilariasis: detection with high-resolution sonography. J Ultrasound 2019; 22:359-361. [PMID: 30859409 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-018-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonography (US) is commonly required when a superficial lump appears. We present the case of a patient for whom US was highly suggestive of living worms causing a recurrent periorbital mass. After surgery, the final diagnosis was a nodule composed of dirofilariasis larva.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Danse
- Department of Imaging, St Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - P De Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Capelli G, Genchi C, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Brianti E, Cardoso L, Danesi P, Fuehrer HP, Giannelli A, Ionică AM, Maia C, Modrý D, Montarsi F, Krücken J, Papadopoulos E, Petrić D, Pfeffer M, Savić S, Otranto D, Poppert S, Silaghi C. Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:663. [PMID: 30567586 PMCID: PMC6299983 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens is a nematode affecting domestic and wild canids, transmitted by several species of mosquitoes. It usually causes a non-pathogenic subcutaneous infection in dogs and is the principal agent of human dirofilariosis in the Old World. In the last decades, D. repens has increased in prevalence in areas where it has already been reported and its distribution range has expanded into new areas of Europe, representing a paradigmatic example of an emergent pathogen. Despite its emergence and zoonotic impact, D. repens has received less attention by scientists compared to Dirofilaria immitis. In this review we report the recent advances of D. repens infection in dogs and humans, and transmission by vectors, and discuss possible factors that influence the spread and increase of this zoonotic parasite in Europe. There is evidence that D. repens has spread faster than D. immitis from the endemic areas of southern Europe to northern Europe. Climate change affecting mosquito vectors and the facilitation of pet travel seem to have contributed to this expansion; however, in the authors' opinion, the major factor is likely the rate of undiagnosed dogs continuing to perpetuate the life-cycle of D. repens. Many infected dogs remain undetected due to the subclinical nature of the disease, the lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools and the poor knowledge and still low awareness of D. repens in non-endemic areas. Improved diagnostic tools are warranted to bring D. repens diagnosis to the state of D. immitis diagnosis, as well as improved screening of imported dogs and promotion of preventative measures among veterinarians and dog owners. For vector-borne diseases involving pets, veterinarians play a significant role in prevention and should be more aware of their responsibility in reducing the impact of the zoonotic agents. In addition, they should enhance multisectorial collaboration with medical entomologists and the public health experts, under the concept and the actions of One Health-One Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Capelli
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National reference centre/OIE collaborating centre for diseases at the animal-human interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Genchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patrick Bourdeau
- Veterinary School of Nantes ONIRIS, University of Nantes, LUNAM, Nantes, France
| | - Emanuele Brianti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrizia Danesi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National reference centre/OIE collaborating centre for diseases at the animal-human interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Giannelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Angela Monica Ionică
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National reference centre/OIE collaborating centre for diseases at the animal-human interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Laboratory for medical and veterinary entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sara Savić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Sven Poppert
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- National Centre of Vector Entomology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Greifswald, Germany
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Szczepanek-Parulska E, Kludkowska M, Pielok L, Stefaniak J, Ruchala M. Subcutaneous Lesion in an Oncologic Patient. Am J Med 2017; 130:e279-e281. [PMID: 28390789 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Matylda Kludkowska
- Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pielok
- Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stefaniak
- Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
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Gordon CA, McManus DP, Jones MK, Gray DJ, Gobert GN. The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections: The Impact of Urbanization, Climate Change and Globalization. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 91:311-97. [PMID: 27015952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic parasitic diseases are increasingly impacting human populations due to the effects of globalization, urbanization and climate change. Here we review the recent literature on the most important helminth zoonoses, including reports of incidence and prevalence. We discuss those helminth diseases which are increasing in endemic areas and consider their geographical spread into new regions within the framework of globalization, urbanization and climate change to determine the effect these variables are having on disease incidence, transmission and the associated challenges presented for public health initiatives, including control and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Gómez-Bertomeu F, Raventós-Estellé A, Bofill-Montoro D, González-Carballo E. Nódulo subcutáneo paraciliar de origen infrecuente. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:268-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Tasić-Otašević SA, Trenkić Božinović MS, Gabrielli SV, Genchi C. Canine and human Dirofilaria infections in the Balkan Peninsula. Vet Parasitol 2015; 209:151-6. [PMID: 25769471 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens infections are mosquito-borne diseases, mainly of dogs. Both parasites are zoonotic, and they sometimes cause serious infections in humans. The aim of this short review was to examine the situation in the Balkan Peninsula, from where it is not always easy to obtain suitable data, often reported in journals and other publications difficult to be retrieved and with poor or no visibility. The review included data from international and regional literature, doctoral theses, and conference proceedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana A Tasić-Otašević
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 81, Bul. Dr. Zorana Djindjica, 18000 Niš, Serbia; Center of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Public health Nis, 50, Bulvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Simona V Gabrielli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazza le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Genchi
- Department of Animal Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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